CU HI THI VN PMn: BO HIM TRONG KINH DOANHPHN L THUYTCHNG 1: KHI QUT CHUNG V BO HIM1. Nu khi nim v phn tch bn cht ca bo him.Khi nim:Bo him l 1 s cam kt bi thng ca ngi bo him i vi ngi c bo him v nhng thit hi, mt mt ca 1 i tng bo him do 1 ri ro tha thun gy ra, vi iu kin ngi c bo him thu bo him cho i tng bo him v np 1 khon tin gi l ph bo him.Phn tch bn cht ca bo him- Khi i tng BH ca ngi c BH b tn tht do ri ro c BH => ngi BH s bi thng- Khon tin bi thng ly t s ph BH ca tt c nhng ngi tham gia BH np- Trong s nhng ngi tham gia BH, ch c 1 hoc 1 s ngi b tn tht => nhng ngi khng b tn tht s mt khng s tin BHThc cht ca BH l vic phn chia tn tht ca 1 hoc 1 s ngi ra cho tt c nhng ngi tham gia BH cng chuBH ch hot ng trn c s s ng => cng nhiu ngi tham gia th xc sut ri ro vi tng ngi cng nh v BH cng c li.2. Trnh by cc cch phn loi bo him.C 4 cch phn loi BH:1.Cn c vo c ch hot ng-BH x hi (Social Insurance):l ch BH ca nh nc, on th XH hoc cng ty tr cp cc vin chc, ngi lm cngkhi m au, bnh tt, cht hoc tai nn lao ng l BH bt buc, theo nhng lut l, quy nh chung, khng tnh n nhng ri ro c th, khng nhm mc ch kinh doanh gm cc ch : dnh cho vin chc nh nc, BH tht nghip, BH y t.-BH thng mi (Commercial Insurance):l loi BH mang tnh kinh doanh, kim li c im: khng bt buc, c tnh n i tng v ri ro c th, mc ch kinh doanh.2.Cn c v tnh cht ca bo him- BH nhn th (life insurance):l BH tnh mng hoc tui th ca con ngi nhm b p cho ngi c BH mt khan tin khi ht thi hn BH hoc khi ngi c BH cht or b thng tt ton b vnh vin.-BH phi nhn th (non-life insurance):l cc loi BH khc nh BH sc khe, BH tai nn con ngi, BH hng hi3. Cn c vo i tng BH- BH ti sn- BH trch nhim- BH con ngi4. Cn c vo quy nh php lut- BH bt buc- BH t nguyn3. Th no l gi tr bo him v s tin bo him? Tr gi bo him v s tin bo him c quan h vi nhau nh th no?-Gi tr BH: l gi tr ca hng ha (c k khai trn ha n) cng vi cc ph vn chuyn v ph BH. Gi tr BH c th gm c li c tnh, nhng theo quy nh ca VN, khon li c tnh ny khng ln hn 10% gi tr BH => gi tr BH c th l gi CIF hoc gi CIF cng li c tnh.-S tin BH: l mt phn ca gi tr BH, tc l bng hoc nh hn gi tr BH do ngi c BH yu cu v c BH.-Quan h: Khi mua BH, nu s tin BH bng gi tr BH th gi l mua BH ti gi tr, khi bi thng, tn tht bao nhiu bi thng by nhiu, nu do cc ri ro c tha thun gy nn. Nu s tin BH nh hn gi tr BH th gi l mua BH di gi tr, khi bi thng ngi BH s cn c vo t l A/V (A: s tin BH, V: gi tr BH). Nu s tin BH ghi trong hp ng ln hn gi tr BH th s tin vt qu gi tr BH s khng c tha nhn.-VD: L hng gi tr BH l 10.000USD, ch hng khi mua BH ch k khai mua 8.000USD, cn 2.000USD t mnh BH-=> A=8.000USD, V=10.000USD. Nu l hng b tn tht 5.000USD th cng ty BH s bi thng: 5.000USD x (8.000/10.000) = 4.000USD4. Th quyn trong bo him l g? Tc dng v iu kin thc hin th quyn. Cho v d.-Th quynl mt trong nhng nguyn tc ca BH m theo , ngi BH, sau khi bi thng cho ngi c BH, c quyn thay mt ngi c BH i ngi th ba c trch nhim, bi thng cho mnh.-iu kin: ngi c BH phi cung cp cc bin bn, giy t, chng t, th tcn thit cho ngi BH, bo m quyn th quyn ca cng ty BH.-Tc dng: Nhm m bo ngi c hng BH khng khiu kin c hai pha v khng cng lc nhn tin bi thng t c hai pha (ngi gy ra thit hi v cng ty BH); m bo quyn li cho doanh nghip BH, c th i li tin t bn gy thit hi b p phn no tn tht do n b.-VD: Nh ng A c gi tr 200.000USD, ng A mua BH 160.000USD. Bn th 3 lm chy.TH1: bn th 3 bi thng cho ng A 200.000USD => cng ty BH khng bi thng na v trng thi ti chnh ca ng A c m bo.TH2: bn th 3 cha bi thng cho ng A => Cng ty BH bi thng cho ng A 160.000USD thay quyn ng A i tin bi thng t bn th 3 vi mi chi ph do cng ty BH chu. + Nu i c 160.000USD (=s tin BH) xong + Nu i c 200.000USD => cng ty BH ch c nhn 160.000USD, cn li 40.000USD thuc v ng A(Lu l cng ty BH ch c ngha v v c gng ht sc i 160.000USD, khng cn phi i 200.000USD)5. i tng bo him l g? K tn cc loi i tng bo him.i tng BH (subject matter insured) l ti sn hoc li ch mang ra BH.Cc loi i tng BH:- Ti sn (property): ca tp th hay c nhn bao gm cc vt c thc, tin, giy t c gi...- Con ngi (personel): l con ngi hoc cc b phn ca c th con ngi hay cc vn c lin quan nh tui th, tnh mng, sc khe, tai nn- Trch nhim (liability) i vi ngi th ba: trch nhim dn s ca ngi c BH i vi ngi th ba hay i vi sn phm6. Phn tch cc nguyn tc ca bo him.1. BH mt ri ro ch khng BH mt s chc chn (fortuity not certainty)Ngi BH ch chp nhn BH cho nhng s kin xy ra bt ng, c th xy ra hoc khng, ngoi mun ca con ngi ch khng BH mt ci chc chn xy ra, c nhin xy ra, v cng khng bi thng cho nhng thit hi chc chn, ng nhin xy ra.2. Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i (utmost good faith)Ngi BH: phi cng khai nhng iu kin, nguyn tc, th l, gi c BH cho ngi BH bit, khng c nhn BH khi bit i tng BH n ni an ton.Ngi c BH: phi khai bo chnh xc cc chi tit lin quan n i tng BH, phi thng bo kp thi nhng thay i v i tng BH, v ri ro, v nhng mi e da nguy him hay lm tng thm ri ro m mnh bit c hoc ng l phi bit cho ngi BH, khng c mua BH khi bit i tng BH b tn tht.3. Nguyn tc li ch BH (insurance interest)Li ch BH l li ch hoc quyn li lin quan n, gn lin vi hay ph thuc vo s an ton hay khng an ton ca i tng BH. Ngi c li ch BH l ngi b thit hi v ti chnh khi i tng BH gp ri ro.Theo nguyn tc ny, ngi c BH mun mua BH phi c li ch BH. Li ch BH c th l quyn li c hoc s c trong i tng BH. Trong BH hng hi, li ch BH khng nht thit phi c khi k kt hp ng BH, nhng nht thit phi c khi xy ra tn tht.4. Nguyn tc bi thng (indemnity)Khi c tn tht xy ra, ngi BH phi bi thng nh th no m bo cho ngi c BH c trng thi ti chnh nh trc khi tn tht xy ra, khng hn khng km. Cc bn khng c li dng BH trc li.5. Nguyn tc th quynNgi BH, sau khi bi thng cho ngi c BH, c quyn thay mt ngi c BH i ngi th ba c trch nhim, bi thng cho mnh. thc hin nguyn tc ny, ngi c BH phi cung cp cc bin bn, giy t, chng t, th tcn thit cho ngi BH.7. So snh bo him x hi v bo him thng mi.BH x hiBH thng mi

C tnh bt bucKhng bt buc

Theo nhng lut l quy nh chungC tha thun gia ngi BH v ngi c BH

Khng tnh n nhng ri ro c thC tnh n tng i tng, tng ri ro c th

Khng nhm mc ch kinh doanhNhm mc ch kinh doanh

8. Th no l gi tr bo him v s tin bo him? Tr gi bo him v s tin bo him c quan h vi nhau nh th no?-Gi tr BH: l gi tr ca hng ha (c k khai trn ha n) cng vi cc ph vn chuyn v ph BH. Gi tr BH c th gm c li c tnh, nhng theo quy nh ca VN, khon li c tnh ny khng ln hn 10% gi tr BH => gi tr BH c th l gi CIF hoc gi CIF cng li c tnh.-S tin BH: l mt phn ca gi tr BH, tc l bng hoc nh hn gi tr BH do ngi c BH yu cu v c BH.-Quan h: Khi mua BH, nu s tin BH bng gi tr BH th gi l mua BH ti gi tr, khi bi thng, tn tht bao nhiu bi thng by nhiu, nu do cc ri ro c tha thun gy nn. Nu s tin BH nh hn gi tr BH th gi l mua BH di gi tr, khi bi thng ngi BH s cn c vo t l A/V (A: s tin BH, V: gi tr BH). Nu s tin BH ghi trong hp ng ln hn gi tr BH th s tin vt qu gi tr BH s khng c tha nhn.9. Trnh by cc bin php i ph vi ri ro m con ngi v ang p dng.4 bin php i ph vi ri ro m con ngi v ang p dng:1.Trnh ri ro (risk avoidance):khng lm mt vic g qu mo him, khng chc chn. Nhc im: lm con ngi lc no cng s st, khng dm lm mt vic g, m khng dm lm g th cng khng thu c kt qu g.2.Ngn nga, hn ch ri ro (risk prevention): cc cng ty, cc c nhn dng nhng bin php phng, ngn nga, hn ch ri ro v hu qu ca n nh: h thng phng chy cha chy, h thng bo v chng trm cp, cc bin php an ton lao ng, cc bin php hn ch tai nn giao thng...Tuy nhin bin php ny vn khng th ngn nga ht mi ri ro xy ra.3.T khc phc ri ro (risk assumption): cc cng ty, cc c nhn d tr mt khon tin nht nh khi c ri ro xy ra th dng khon tin b p, khc phc hu qu. Bin php ny cn gi l t bo him (self-insurance). Bin ny cng c nhng hn ch nht nh nh : khng phi c nhn hay cng ty no cng c sn tin d tr, tin d tr ny kh6ong th b p c nhng ri ro, tn tht ln c tnh thm ha, s gy ng vn ln trong x hi nu cng ty, c nhn no cng d tr nh vy.4.Chuyn nhng ri ro: cng ty hay c nhn t thy khng th chu ng c mt hoc nhiu ri ro ln, c tnh thm ha, phi tm cch san s bng cch chuyn nhng ri ro cho cc cng ty khc. Khi chp nhn ri ro, cc cng ty khc phi bi thng cho nhng thit hi do rui ro tha thun gy ra, cn ngi chuyn nhng ri ro phi tr mt khon tin => bin php Bo him. u im: khng gy ng vn trong XH, phm vi b p rng ln, c th b p nhng ri ro c tnh thm ha10. Trnh by cc cch phn loi bo him.C 4 cch phn loi BH:2.Cn c vo c ch hot ng-BH x hi (Social Insurance):l ch BH ca nh nc, on th XH hoc cng ty tr cp cc vin chc, ngi lm cngkhi m au, bnh tt, cht hoc tai nn lao ng l BH bt buc, theo nhng lut l, quy nh chung, khng tnh n nhng ri ro c th, khng nhm mc ch kinh doanh gm cc ch : dnh cho vin chc nh nc, BH tht nghip, BH y t.-BH thng mi (Commercial Insurance):l loi BH mang tnh kinh doanh, kim li c im: khng bt buc, c tnh n i tng v ri ro c th, mc ch kinh doanh.2.Cn c v tnh cht ca bo him- BH nhn th (life insurance):l BH tnh mng hoc tui th ca con ngi nhm b p cho ngi c BH mt khan tin khi ht thi hn BH hoc khi ngi c BH cht or b thng tt ton b vnh vin.-BH phi nhn th (non-life insurance):l cc loi BH khc nh BH sc khe, BH tai nn con ngi, BH hng hi3. Cn c vo i tng BH- BH ti sn- BH trch nhim- BH con ngi4. Cn c vo quy nh php lut- BH bt buc- BH t nguyn11. Nguyn tc li ch bo him trong bo him v cho v d minh ha.Nguyn tc li ch BH (insurance interest)Li ch BH l li ch hoc quyn li lin quan n, gn lin vi hay ph thuc vo s an ton hay khng an ton ca i tng BH. Ngi c li ch BH l ngi b thit hi v ti chnh khi i tng BH gp ri ro.Theo nguyn tc ny, ngi c BH mun mua BH phi c li ch BH. Li ch BH c th l quyn li c hoc s c trong i tng BH. Trong BH hng hi, li ch BH khng nht thit phi c khi k kt hp ng BH, nhng nht thit phi c khi xy ra tn tht.VD:1/2012: ng A mua BH ha han cho nh mnh, thi hn 1 nm5/2012: ng A bn nh cho ng B6/2012: nh b chy do ri ro c BH, tn tht ton bC 2 trng hp:TH1: Nu trc khi chy, ng A chuyn nhng BH cho ng B => ng B c nhn bi thng v ng B l ngi b thit hi v ti chnh do nh chy.TH2:Nu trc khi chy, ng A cha chuyn nhng BH cho ng B => BH s khng bi thng do ng A l ngi c BH khng b thit hi v ti chnh do nh chy, cn ng B khng phi l ngi c BH12. Trnh by nguyn tc li ch BH.Nguyn tc li ch BH (insurance interest)Li ch BH l li ch hoc quyn li lin quan n, gn lin vi hay ph thuc vo s an ton hay khng an ton ca i tng BH. Ngi c li ch BH l ngi b thit hi v ti chnh khi i tng BH gp ri ro.Theo nguyn tc ny, ngi c BH mun mua BH phi c li ch BH. Li ch BH c th l quyn li c hoc s c trong i tng BH. Trong BH hng hi, li ch BH khng nht thit phi c khi k kt hp ng BH, nhng nht thit phi c khi xy ra tn tht.13. Nu khi nim v phn tch bn cht ca bo him.Khi nim:Bo him l 1 s cam kt bi thng ca ngi bo him i vi ngi c bo him v nhng thit hi, mt mt ca 1 i tng bo him do 1 ri ro tha thun gy ra, vi iu kin ngi c bo him thu bo him cho i tng bo him v np 1 khon tin gi l ph bo him.Phn tch bn cht ca bo him- Khi i tng BH ca ngi c BH b tn tht do ri ro c BH => ngi BH s bi thng- Khon tin bi thng ly t s ph BH ca tt c nhng ngi tham gia BH np- Trong s nhng ngi tham gia BH, ch c 1 hoc 1 s ngi b tn tht => nhng ngi khng b tn tht s mt khng s tin BHThc cht ca BH l vic phn chia tn tht ca 1 hoc 1 s ngi ra cho tt c nhng ngi tham gia BH cng chuBH ch hot ng trn c s s ng => cng nhiu ngi tham gia th xc sut ri ro vi tng ngi cng nh v BH cng c li.CHNG 2: BO HIM HNG HA XNK CHUYN CH BNG NG BIN14. Nu nh ngha bo him hng hi v cc loi hnh bo him hng hi.-Khi nim:BH hng hi l BH nhng ri ro trn bin hoc nhng ri ro trn b, trn sng c lin quan n hnh trnh ng bin, gy tn tht cho i tng BH chuyn ch trn binLu l khng ch BH trn bin m cn c nhng phng thc khc c lin quan-Phn lai:1. BH thn tu(Hull & Machinary Insurance): BH nhng thit hi vt cht xy ra i vi v tu, my mc v cc thit b trn tu, ng thi BH cc ph, cc chi ph hot ng ca tu v mt phn trch nhim m ch tu phi chu trong trng hp hai tu m va nhau.2. BH trch nhim dn s ca ch tu(Liability Insurance _ P&I Insurance): l BH nhng thit hi pht sinh t trch nhim ca ch tu trong qu trnh s hu, kinh doanh, khai thc tu bin.3. BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin(Cargo Insurance)15. Trnh by cc ri ro trong bo him hng hi.-Khi nim: Ri ro l nhng tai nn, tai ha, s c xy ra mt cch bt ng, ngu nhin hoc nhng mi a da nguy him khi xy ra th gy tn tht cho i tung BH.-VD: tu b mc cn, m, m va nhauhng b h hng, v, thiu ht-2 cch phn lai1. Cn c vo ngun gc sinh ra ri ro:-Thin tai (acts of God): l nhng hin tng t nhin m con ngi khng chi phi c nh bin ng, bo, gi lc, st nh, thi tit xu, sng thn, ng t, ni la phun-Tai ha ca bin (Perils of the sea): l nhng tai nn xy ra i vi con tu ngoi bin, nh tu b mc cn, m, chy n, am va nhau, am va phi ngm, m va phi vt th khc, tu b lt p, b mt tch => c gi l nhng ri ro chnh (major casualities)-Cc tai nn bt ng khc: l nhng thit hi do tc ng ngu nhin bn ngoi khng thuc nhng tai ha ca bin ni trn, c th xy ra trn bin, trn b, trn khng, trong qu trnh vn chuyn, xp d, giao nhn, lu kho, bo qun hng ha nh: hng b v, cong, bpmt trm, khng giao hng... => c gi l ri ro ph (extraneous risk)-Ri ro do cc hin tng chnh tr, x hi hoc nhng ri ro do ngi c BH gy nn: chin tranh, ni chin, khi nghi, hnh ng th ch hoc tu v hng b bt, b tch thu, b chim gi, thit hi do bom, mn, ng liri ro nh cng, cm xng, ngng tr lao ng, bo ng, ni lancc hnh ng khng b hoc do ngi khng b gy nn.-Ri ro do bn cht hoc tnh cht c bit ca i tng BH hoc nhng thit hi m nguyn nhn trc tip l chm tr2. Cn c v mt BH:-Ri ro thng thng c BH: l nhng ri ro c BH mt cch bnh thng theo cc iu kin BH gc A,B,C => l nhng ri ro c tnh bt ng, ngu nhin, xy ra ngoi mu6n ca ngi c BH nh thin tai, tai ha ca bin, tai nn bt ng khc-Ri ro phi BH ring: l nhng ri m mun c BH th phi tha thun thm, tha thut ring ch khng c bi thng theo cc k BH gc A,B,C, gm: ri ro chin tranh, ri ro nh cng, khng b, c BH theo cc k BH ring.-Ri ro khng c BH (excluded risk): l nhng ri ro khng c ngi BH nhn BH hoc khng c ngi BH bi thng trong mi trng hp, l nhng ri ro ng nhin xy ra, chc chn xy ra, hoc cc thit hi do ni t, bn cht ca hng ha, do li ca ngi c BH, thit hi m nguyn nhn trc tip l chm tr, nhng ri ro c tnh cht thm ha m con ngi khng lng trc c quy m, mc v hu qu ca n.16. Ri ro ph trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin l g, bao gm nhng ri ro nh th no?Ri ro ph trong BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin l nhng ri ro gy nn do nhng tai nn bt ng do tc ng ngu nhin t bn ngoi khng phi do thin tai v nhng tai ha ca bin. y c th l nhng tai nn xy ra trn bin (nhng nguyn nhn khng phi l mt tai ha ca bin), trn b, trn khng, trong qu trnh vn chuyn, xp d, giao nhn, lu kho, bo qun hng hanh: hng b v, cong, bp, thi, hp hi, thiu ht, mt trm, mt cp khng giao hng17. Trnh by tn tht chung, tn tht ring trong bo him hng hi1.Tn tht chung (general average)-Khi nim: TTC l nhng hy sinh hay chi ph c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch cu tu, hng ha v cc ph ch trn tu thot khi mt s nguy him chung, thc s i vi chng.Mun c TTC, phi c hnh ng TTC, c hnh ng tn TTC khi v ch khi c s hy sinh hoc chi ph bt thng (extraodinary) c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l v an ton chung nhm cu cc ti sn khi mt tai ha trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin-c trng ca thit hi v chi ph trong tn tht chung: Hnh ng TTC phi l hnh ng t nguyn, hu ca thuyn trng v thuyn vin trn tu Hy sinh hoc chi ph phi c bit, phi thng Hy sinh hoc chi ph phi hp l v v an ton chung (common safety) cho tt c cc quyn li trong hnh trnh Tai ha phi thc s xy ra v nghim trng Mt mt, thit hi hoc chi ph phi l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng TTC-Ni dung: TTC bao gm 2 mt c bn l Hy sinh TTC (g/a sacrifices): l nhng thit hi hoc chi ph do hu qu trc tip ca mt hnh ng TTC Chi ph TTC (g/a expenditure): l nhng chi ph phi tr cho ngi th ba trong vic cu tu, hng, cc ph thot nn hoc chi ph lm cho tu tip tc hnh trnh bao gm: chi ph cu nn, chi ph lm ni tu khi mc cn, chi ph thu ko, lai, dt tu khi b nn, chi ph ti cng lnh nn, tin li ca s tin c cng nhn l TTC (li sut 7%/nm) c tnh n ht 3 thng sau ngy pht hnh bn phn b TTC (g/a adjustment)2.Tn tht ring (particular average): l nhng thit hi, mt mt ca i tng BH do mt ri ro bt ng, ngu nhin gy ra nh hng b h hng do tu b m, mc cn, m vahay b h hng, v, thiu ht do tc ng ngu nhin bn ngoi. TTR c th l tn tht ton b hay tn tht b phn, c th do gim phm cht hay thiu ht v mt trng lng.18. Phn bit tn tht chung v tn tht ring, cho v d minh ha.Tn tht ringTn tht chung

Khi nimTTR l nhng thit hi, mt mt ca i tng BH do mt ri ro bt ng, ngu nhin gy raTTC l nhng hy sinh hay chi ph c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch cu tu, hng ha v cc ph ch trn tu thot khi mt s nguy him chung, thc s i vi chng.

Nguyn nhnBt ngC & hp l

Quyn li b nh hngTn tht ca ai th ngi chuMi quyn li trn hnh trnh cng san s

a im xy raBt kTrn bin

BH bi thngNu ri ro l ri ro c BH tha thun trong hp ng th cng ty BH mi bi thngNu khng ri vo trng hp b loi tr th cng ty BH s bi thng d mua BH theo k no

19. Phn tch v cho v d v tn tht ton b thc t, tn tht ton b c tnh trong bo him hng hi.-Khi nim: Tn tht ton b thc t (actual total loss) l ton b i tng BH theo mt hp ng BH b h hng, mt mt hoc thit hi hoc b bin cht, bin dng khng cn nh lc mi BH na hay b mt i, b tc ot khng ly li c na.- Trong trng hp tn tht ton b thc t, ngi BH phi bi thng ton b gi tr BH hoc s tin BH-VD: mt l hng b h hng v bin bn gim nh ghi l gim gi tr thng mi 100%, l x phng b nng chy thnh tng tng khng cn nguyn dng nh lc ban u, hng b mt do tu b m hoc mt tch20. Trnh by tn tht ton b c tnh v cho v d.-Khi nim: Tn tht ton b c tnh (constructive total loss) l thit hi, mt mt ca i tng BH c th cha ti mc tn tht ton b, nhng i tng BH b t b mt cch hp l, bi v tn tht ton b thc t, xt re, khng th trnh khi, hoc c th trnh c nhng phi b ra mt chi ph vt qu gi tr ca i tng BH sau khi b ra chi ph.-iu kin: mun c coi l tn tht ton b c tnh th phi c hnh ng t b hng. T b hng l mt hnh ng ca ngi c BH t b mi quyn li ca mnh i vi hng ha cho ngi BH trong trng hp tn tht ton b c tnh c bi thng ton b, khi hng ha thuc s hu ca ngi BH v ngi BH c quyn nh ot hng ha .- Nu ngi BH chp nhn (cng c nc quy nh khng cn chp nhn) th ngi BH pah bi thng ton b gi tr BH hoc s tin BH v hin nhin ngi BH c th bn hng ha i thu v mt phn tin.- Vic t b hng phi c lm bng vn bn, phi t b mt cch v k v hp l, t b ri th khng c rt li.- Nu ngi BH t chi vic t b hng th cng khng phng hi n quyn i bi thng ca ngi c BH- S im lng ca ngi BH khng c coi l chp nhn hay t chi t b hng- Trong trng hp c tn tht ton b c tnh, ngi BH phi theo di nm chnh xc tnh hnh tn tht ca hgn ha, tnh ton thit hn t b hng mt cch hp l th mi c chp nhn.-VD:mt l hng si bng b thm nc mt phn, vng v ang lan dn sang phn cn li ca l hng, nu tip tc vn chuyn n cng n th ton b s hng ny u b vng v khng th bn c na.21. Khi nim v c trng ca tn tht chung? Cho v d minh ha tn tht chung.Tn tht chung (general average)-Khi nim: TTC l nhng hy sinh hay chi ph c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch cu tu, hng ha v cc ph ch trn tu thot khi mt s nguy him chung, thc s i vi chng.Mun c TTC, phi c hnh ng TTC, c hnh ng TTC khi v ch khi c s hy sinh hoc chi ph bt thng (extraodinary) c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l v an ton chung nhm cu cc ti sn khi mt tai ha trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin-c trng ca thit hi v chi ph trong tn tht chung: Hnh ng TTC phi l hnh ng t nguyn, hu ca thuyn trng v thuyn vin trn tu Hy sinh hoc chi ph phi c bit, phi thng Hy sinh hoc chi ph phi hp l v v an ton chung (common safety) cho tt c cc quyn li trong hnh trnh Tai ha phi thc s xy ra v nghim trng Mt mt, thit hi hoc chi ph phi l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng tn TTC-VD: Mt con tu ch hng ang i trn bin th gp bo. Thuyn trng v cc thuyn vin trn tu tm mi cch chn nhng tu c nguy c b m. Thuyn trng quyt nh vt bt mt s hng cho tu nh bt v qua c cn bo. Nhng ch hng c hng ha b hy sinh nh th s c cc quyn li khc trn tu (ch tu, cc ch hng khc, ch cc ph) cng ng gp => thit hi do vic vt hng xung bin nh vy gi l TTC.22. Tn tht chung l g? Cho v d minh ha. Trnh by cch tnh ton phn b tn tht chung.-Khi nim: TTC l nhng hy sinh hay chi ph c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch cu tu, hng ha v cc ph ch trn tu thot khi mt s nguy him chung, thc s i vi chng.VD: Mt con tu ch hng ang i trn bin th gp bo. Thuyn trng v cc thuyn vin trn tu tm mi cch chn nhng tu c nguy c b m. Thuyn trng quyt nh vt bt mt s hng cho tu nh bt v qua c cn bo. Nhng ch hng c hng ha b hy sinh nh th s c cc quyn li khc trn tu (ch tu, cc ch hng khc, ch cc ph) cng ng gp => thit hi do vic vt hng xung bin nh vy gi l TTC.-Cch tnh ton phn b TTC(Theo quy tc York-Antwerp) gm 5 bc:Bc 1: Xc nh gi tr TTC VTTC= Chi phTTC+ Hy sinhTTCBc 2: Xc nh gi tr chu phn b TTC (VPB: l gi tr cn li ca ti sn c mt trn tu vo thi im c hnh ng TTC)Bc 3: Xc nh t l ng gp TTC TLG = VTTC/VPBBc 4: Tnh s tin phi ng gp TTC ca tng quyn li STG = TLG x VPBtng quyn liBc 5: Xc nh s tin tht s ng gp v TTC ca tng quyn li(y l s tin thc s thu v hoc b thm ra ca mi quyn li sau khi tr i phn gi tr ti sn hoc chi ph h t b ra trong hnh ng TTC)23. Trnh by ri ro loi tr trong bo him hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin theo ICC 1982.Theo ICC 1982, cc ri ro loi tr khi mua bo him theo iu kin B v C bao gm:1. iu khan loi tr chungTrong mi trng hp, ngi BH khng bi thng nhng ri ro sau:- Mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do hnh ng c ca ngi c BH- R r thng thng, hao ht thng thng v trng lng hoc khi lng, hao mn t nhin ca i tng BH- Mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do bao b khng y hoc khng thch hp- Mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do ni t (inherent vice) hoc bn cht ca i tng BH- Mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph m nguyn nhn trc tip l chm tr cho d chm tr l do mt ri ro c BH gy nn- Mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do tnh trang khng tr c n hoc thiu vn v mt ti chnh ca ch tu, ngi qun l tu, ngi thu tu hoc ngi khai thc tu- Thit hi c hoc ph hoi c i tng BH do nhng hnh ng sai tri ca bt k ngi no- Mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do vic s dng bt k mt v kh chin tranh no c dng n nng lng nguyn t, ht nhn hoc cc cht phng x2. iu khan loi tr ri ro v tnh trng khng kh nng i bin hoc khng thch hpTrong mi trng hp, BH khng bi thng nhng mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do:- Tu hoc x lan khng kh nng i bin- Tu, x lan, cc phng tin VT khc, container, toa xekhng thch hp cho vic vn chuyn an ton hng ha BHM ngi c BH hoc ngi lm cng ca h bit tnh trng khng kh nng i bin hoc khng thch hp vo lc xp hng ln phng tin v cng c VT ni trn3. iu khan loi tr cc ri ro chin tranhTrong mi trng hp BH khng bi thng nhng mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do:- Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, ni lon, khi ngha hoc hnh ng th ch gy ra bi hoc chng li mt th lc tham chin- B chim gi, b tch thu , b bt, b kim ch (khng k cp bin) v hu qu ca nhng hnh ng - Bom, mn, ng li hoc cc v kh chin tranh khc cn st lat trong cc cuc chin tranh4. iu khon loi tr nhng ri ro nh cngTrong mi trng hp BH khng bi thng nhng mt mt, h hng hoc chi ph do:- Ngi nh cng, cng nhn bi cm xng hoc bt k ngi no tham gia gy ri lon lao ng, bo ng hoc ni lon dn s- nh cng, cm xng, ri lon lao ng hoc ni lon dn s- K khgn b hoc bt k ngi no hnh ng v ng c chnh tri vi iu kin A, ri ro loi tr c bn ging nh B v C, tr ri ro thit hi c hoc ph hoi vn c bi thng theo iu kin A.24. Trnh by ri ro c bo him trong bo him hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin theo ICC 1982.iu kin C1. BH cc ri ro sau, tr nhng ri ro loi tr:- Chy hoc n- Tu hoc x lan b mc cn, chm t, b m hoc b lt p- Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc b trt bnh- Tu m va nhau hoc tu, x lan, phng tin vn chuyn am va phi vt th khc khng phi l nc- D hng ti cng lnh nn; Hy sinh TTC; Vt hng xung bin1. iu khan TTC: BH tn tht chung v cc1 chi ph cu nn c phn b hoc xc nh ph hp vi quy nh ca hp ng VT v/hoc lut l hay tp qun p dng2. iu khan hai tu m va nhau u c li: BH ny m rng bi thng cho ngi c BH phn trch nhim theo iu khan hai tu m va nhau u c li quy nh trong hp ng vn ti. Trong trng hp c kheiu ni ca ch tu thoe iu khan ny th ngi c BH tha thun s thng bo cho ngi BH, ngi s c quyn, bng chi ph ca mnh, bo v ngi c BH trc nhng khiu ni .iu kin BNgoi nhng ri ro c BH nh k C, cn BH thm cc ri ro: ng t, ni la phun, st nh, nc cun khi tu; nc bin, sng h chy vo hm tu, x lan, phng tin VT, conntainer, toa xe hoc ni ch hng; tn tht ton b ca bt k kin no do ri khi tu hoc b ri trong khi xp ln hoc d xung tu hoc x lan.iu kin ABH mi mt mt hoc h hng ca i tng BH tr cc ri ro loi tr theo k ny25. Trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan khi xy ra tn tht chung l g?i vi ngi chuyn ch- Khi v n cng, thuyn trng phi thng bo TTC bng vn bn- Ngi chuyn ch thu 1 cng ty chuyn tnh ton phn b TTCi vi ch hng v cng ty BH- Nhn 2 lai giy t ngi chuyn ch, sau np li: Average Bond Bn cam oan ng gp TTC => ch hng k khai y thng tin v gi tr, s lng tn tht hng ha chuyn vin tnh ton phn b TTC => ch hngp ha k tn ng hon ton vi kt qu phn b TTC sau ny v s thc hin ng gp TTC Average Guarantee Giy o lnh ng gp TTC t cng ty BH => cng ty BH k cam kt ng tin nu ch hng khng ng Ch hng khng c t in thng tin vo giy cam oan nu cha thng qua cng ty BH Np li 2 giy c 2 ch k cho ngi chuyn ch nhn hng**Trng hp ch hngk hng mua BH th phi c ngn hng bo lnh** Trng hp khng c ngn hng bo lnh, ch hng phi ng k qu mt khon c tnh, c th c nhn li nu s tin phn b TTC nh hn s tin k qu v c th phi ng thm nu s tin phn b TTC ln hn s tin k qu sau khi c kt qu tnh ton TTC26. Lut l gii quyt vn tn tht chung. Nhng sa i c bn ca quy tc York Antwerp 2004 so vi cc quy tc trc .- Khi c TTC, cc quyn li trong hnh trnh c trch nhim ng gp vo TTC. Nhng phn b, ng gp nh th no, theo lut l, quy tc no th cc bn phi tha thun trong hp ng VT. Cho n nay, hu ht cc vn n ng bin v hp ng thu tu u quy nh khi c TTC xy ra s gii quyt theo quy tc York-Antwerp. Quy tc ny c thng qua nm 1864, sau sa i v b sung vo 1950, 1974, 1994 v 2004- Thay i ca YAR 2004 so vi cc quy tc trc (c bn l hon ton bt li cho pha ch tu): Loi b nguyn tc 2 (cc chi ph v li ch chung) ra khi khi nim tn tht chung Quy tc VI: trong phn ln cc trng hp, chi ph cu h s b loi tr khi TTC hoc ch c tnh vo TTC trong trng hp chi ph ny c mt bn i din cho bn khc lin quan ti hnh trnh ng tr trc (nh ch tu chng hn). Cc tn tht v chi ph xy ra v an ton chung ca cc ti sn trong hnh trnh mi c a vo TTC (ngtc 1), cn cc chi ph v li ch chung s b lai b (ngtc 2) => thay i quy tc XI: tin lng ca s quan thy th trong thi gian tu lu li cng lnh nn s khng c a vo TTC, nhng chi ph nhin liu v ph tng thay th vn tip tc c chp nhn a vo TTC. Khon li 2% trong quy tc XX b bi b, trong khi li sut trong quy tc XXI vn c duy tr nhng khng phi l 7% m s c CMI n nh hng nm YAR 1994 khng cp ti thi hiu t tng, nhng YAR 2004 n nh5 2 thi hiu l 1 nm k t ngy bn tnh ton phn b TTC c cng b v 6 nm k t ngy kt thc hnh trnh trong xy ra TTC, tuy vy cc bn lin quan c th thng lng vi nhau ko di thi hn trn.27. Phn tch s cn thit ca bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin.Khi XNK hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin, cc doanh nghip (ngi bn hoc ngi mua) phi BH cho hng ha ca mnh v:- Hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin thng gp rt nhiu ri ro c th gy ra nhng h hng, mt mt nh tu b mc cn, m, m va nhau, chy, n, mt tch, khng giao hng- Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin rt hn ch v vic khiu ni i bi thng rt kh khn- C BH mi bo v c li ch ca doanh nghip trong trng hp c tn tht v to ra tm l an tm trong kinh doanh28. Trnh by cc iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin ca Anh v ca Vit NamCc iu kin BH ca Anh1. Cc k BH gc- k BH A (Institute Cargo Clauses A)- k BH B (Institute Cargo Clauses B)- k BH C (Institute Cargo Clauses C)1. Cc k BH p dng cho mt s hng c bit- Cc k BH hng ha bun bn theo l (institute Commodity trades Clauses A,B,C)- k BH than (Institute Coal Clauses)- k bo qun du th (Institute bulk Oil clauses)- k BH ay (Institute Jute Clauses)- k BH cao su t nhin (Institute Natural Rubber Clauses)- k BH tht ng lnh (Institute frozen meat clauses)1. Cc k BH ph- k BH chin tranh p dng cho hng vn chuyn bng ng bin (Institute War Clauses Cargo)- k BH nh cng p dng cho hng vn chuyn bng ng bin (institute Strikes Clauses Cargo)- k BH nh cng p dng cho vn chuyn du th (Institute Strikes Clauses Bulk Oil)- k BH thit hi do c (Institute Malicious Damage Clauses)- k BH mt trm, mt cp v khng giao hng (Institute Thieft, Pilferage and non-delivery clauses)k BH ca VN1. k BH FPT, WA, AR theo Quy tc chung v BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin nm 1965 ca B Ti chnh (QTC 1965)2. k BH A,B,C theo Quy tc chung v BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin nm 1990 ca B ti chnh (QTC 1990)3. k BH A,B,C theo Quy tc chung v BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin nm 1995 ca Bo Vit (QTCB 95)4. k BH A,B,C theo Quy tc chung v BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin nm 1998 ca Bo Vit (QTCB 98)5. k BH A,B,C theo Quy tc chung v BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin 2004 ca Bo Vit (QTCB 2004)29. Ph bo him c xc nh nh th no v ph thuc vo cc yu t no?1. Ph BH thung c tnh ton trn c s xc sut ca nhng ri ro gy tn tht hoc trn c s thng k tn tht nhm m bo trang tri tin bi thng v cn c li. Ph BH i vi hng XNK c tnh ton trn c s t l ph BH v ph thuc vo s tin BH hoc gi tr BHNh vy I=R.A nu A nh hn V hoc I = R.V nu A=V.Khi xc nh R phi cng thm c ph ph BH (tu gi, chuyn ti, chin tranh, nh cng)Khi XNK theo k FOB hoc CFR th: I=R.CIF=R.(C+F)/(1-R)Khi XNK theo k CIF hay CIP th: I = R.110%.CIF (hay CIP)2. Cc yu t nh hng: nhng trng hp ri ro xy ra, xc sut xy ra ri ro, nhng s kin d on xy ra trong tng lai, s ngi tham gia BH30. Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin A ICC 1982?BH mi mt mt hoc h hng ca i tng BH tr cc ri ro loi tr theo k ny (cu 24)31. Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin B ICC 1982iu kin BNgoi nhng ri ro c BH nh k C, cn BH thm cc ri ro: ng t, ni la phun, st nh, nc cun khi tu; nc bin, sng h chy vo hm tu, x lan, phng tin VT, conntainer, toa xe hoc ni ch hng; tn tht ton b ca bt k kin no do ri khi tu hoc b ri trong khi xp ln hoc d xung tu hoc x lan.32. Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin C ICC 1982iu kin C BH cc ri ro sau, tr nhng ri ro loi tr:- Chy hoc n- Tu hoc x lan b mc cn, chm t, b m hoc b lt p- Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc b trt bnh- Tu m va nhau hoc tu, x lan, phng tin vn chuyn am va phi vt th khc khng phi l nc- D hng ti cng lnh nn; Hy sinh TTC; Vt hng xung bin iu khan TTC: BH tn tht chung v cc1 chi ph cu nn c phn b hoc xc nh ph hp vi quy nh ca hp ng VT v/hoc lut l hay tp qun p dng iu khan hai tu m va nhau u c li: BH ny m rng bi thng cho ngi c BH phn trch nhim theo iu khan hai tu m va nhau u c li quy nh trong hp ng vn ti. Trong trng hp c kheiu ni ca ch tu thoe iu khan ny th ngi c BH tha thun s thng bo cho ngi BH, ngi s c quyn, bng chi ph ca mnh, bo v ngi c BH trc nhng khiu ni .33. Trnh by phm vi trch nhim bo him ca ngi bo him theo hai iu kin bo him c bit ca ICC 1982.1. iu kin BH chin tranh dng cho hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin (institute War clauses Cargo)Ri ro c BH: mt mt, h hng ca i tng do:- Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, ni lon, khi nghi hoc xung t dn s pht sinh t nhng bin c hoc bt k hnh ng th ch no gy ra bi hay chng li mt th lc tham chin- B chim ot, b tch thu, b bt, b kim ch hoc b gi li pht sinh t nhng bin c ni trn v hu qu ca chng hoc m mu t in hnh nhng hot ng - Mn, ng li, bom hoc cc v kh chin tranh cn st li- ng gp TTC1. iu kin BH nh cng hoc p dng cho hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin (institute Strikes Clauses Cargo)Nhng ri ro c BH: mt mt, h hng ca i tng BH do:- Ngi nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng hoc nhng ngi tham gia gy ri lon lao ng, bo ng hoc ni dy ca dn chng- Bt k k khng b no hoc ngi hnh ng v mc ch chnh tr- TTC v chi ph cu nn34. Trnh by iu khon bo him t kho n kho trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng binTrch nhim ca ngi BH theo hp ng BH chuyn bt u v kt thc theo iu khan t kho n kho (from warehouse to warehouse)Qung ng t cng n n kho n : BH chu trch nhim trong vng 60 ngyBH s ht hiu lc ty thuc vo 1 trong 2 k:- Hng c cho vo kho an ton (khng cn ch ht 60 ngy)- Sau 60 ngy k t khi d hng xong** Kho i: l kho hng ha c ng gi mt cch hon chnh ch xp ln phng tin vn chuyn ng b, ng sng mang ra cng bin hoc l kho c ghi tn trn hp ng BH** Kho n: l kho cui cng thuc quyn s hu hoc qun l ca ngi c BH hoc l kho nm ngoi hnh trnh vn chuyn bnh thng ca tu hoc l kho m hng ha c gi nhm n hoc l kho m ngi c BH dng lm ni lu kho, lu bi hay phn phi hng ha hay l kho c ghi tn trn hp ng BH.35. Cc loi hp ng bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin.1. Hp ng BH chuynHp ng BH chuyn l hp ng BH mt chuyn hng t mt ni n mt ni khc ghi trn hp ng BH. Trch nhim ca ngi BH theo hp ng BH chuyn bt u v kt thc theo iu khon t kho n kho.Hp ng BH chuyn th hin bng n BH hoc Giy chng nhn BH do cng ty BH cp. n BH v Giy chng nhn BH u l bng chng ca mt hp ng BH nhng v hnh thc v cch s dng c khc nhau.1. Hp ng BH baoHp ng BH bao l hp ng BH nhiu chuyn hng trong mt thi gian nht nh, thng l 1 nm. i vi cc ch hgn c khi lng hng ha XNK ln v ng nh, thng thng h k kt vi cng ty BH 1 hp ng BH, trong ngi BH cam kt s BH tt c cc chuyn hng XNK trong nm.Trong hp ng BH bao, 2 bn ch tha thun nhng vn chung nht nh: tn hng c BH, loi tu ch hng, cch tnh gi tr BH, s tin BH ti a cho mi chuyn v k BH, cch thanh ton ph BH v tin bi thng, cp chng t BHHp ng BH bao c li cho c ngi BH v ngi c BH. Ngi BH m bo thu c khon ph BH trong thi hn BH. Ngi c BH vn c bi thng nu tu b tai nn ri m cha kp thng bo BH, ph BH r hn.Trong hp ng BH bao c th quy nh 1 hn ngch ca s tin BH (floating policy), khi ht s tin BH hp ng s ht hiu lc.36. Mt l hng phn bn, ch hng ch mun bo him hng b t nc bin. Bn t vn cho ch hng nn mua bo him nh th no? Hy gii thch!Nn mua BH theo iu kin C, v mua thm BH cho ri ro hng ha b t nc bin.L do: Ri ro hng ha b t nc bin l ri ro c BH iu kin B v A, khng c iu kin C. Tuy nhin, ph BH cho BH theo iu kin B v A u cao hn iu kin C, li BH km theo nhiu ri ro khc m ch hng khng cn. V vy ch cn mua BH theo iu kin C tit kim chi ph, sau mua thm BH cho ri ro hng b t nc bin.37. Ri ro cp bin c bo him nh th no trong bo him hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin?Theo cc iu kin BH A,B,C, ri ro do vic chim, bt gi, cm gi ti sn hoc kim ch v hu qu ca chung thuc loi ri ro lai tr. V vy ri ro cp bin s khng c BH38. So snh n bo him v giy chng nhn bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin.n BHGiy chng nhn BH

Ni dung gm 2 mt:- Mt 1: cc chi tit v hng ha, tu, hnh trnh, ngi BH, ngi c BH- Mt 2: in sn quy tc, th l BH ca cng ty BH c lin quanNi dung ch c 1 mt nh mt 1 ca n BH

L bng chng ca mt hp ng BH

Khi thanh ton bng phng thc tn dng chng t: ngy ghi trn n BH hoc Giy chng nhn BH khng c mun hn ngy xp hng ln tu v ngy nhn hng chLoi tin phi ging loi tin trong th tn dng, tr khi c quy nh khc

Khi xut trnh thanh ton, phi xut trnh trn b (full set) hoc 1 bn gc duy nht (a sole original) cho ngn hng

39. Trnh by b h s khiu ni ngi bo him trong BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin.H s khiu ni i ngi BH bi thng gm nhiu loi giy t khc nhau ty tng trng hp tn tht nhng phi chng minh c:- Ngi khiu ni c li ch BH- Hng ha c BH- Tn tht thuc 1 ri ro c BH- Gi tr BH, s tin BH- Mc tn tht- S tin i bi thng- m bo ngi BH c th i c ngi th 3 bi thng (nguyn tc th quyn)H s khiu ni i bi thng gm cc giy t chnh sau:- n BH hoc giy chng nhn BH bn gc- Vn n ng bin (B/L) bn gc v hp ng thu tu (C/P)- Ha n thng mi- Ha n v cc chi ph khc, nu c- Giy chng nhn trng lng, s lng- Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu (ROROC)- Phiu ng gi bn chnh- Vn bn giy t c lin quan n vic i ngi th 3 bi thng v tr li ca h, nu c- Khng ngh hng hi (Sea protest) hoc Nht k hng hi (Log Book)- Th khiu ni c ghi r s tin yu cu bi thngNgoi ra, ty trng hp cn c:- Vi hng ha b h hng, v, thiu ht, gim phm cht: Bin bn gim nh (survey report ca ngi BH hoc i l ca h cp) Bin bn d hng (COR) Bin bn v h hng do Cng gy nn Th d khng trong trng hp tn tht khng r rt- Vi hng ha thiu nguyn kin Bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu ROROC Giy chng nhn hng thiu (CSC) do i l tu bin cp Kt ton li (correction Sheet) ca cng, nu c- Vi TTC: Vn bn tuyn b TTC ca thuyn trng (g/a declartion letter) Bn tnh ton, phn b TTC (g/a adjustment) ca l ton s Cc vn bn c lin quan khc nh valuation form, average bond, average guarantee40. Cc nguyn tc bi thng trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin.1. Bi thng bng tin ch khng phi bng hin vt. ng tin bi thng l ng tin tha thun theo hp ng. Nu khng c tha thun th np ph BH bng ng tin no, bi thng bng ng tin 2. V nguyn tc, trch nhim ca ngi BH ch gii hn trong phm vi s tin BH. Tuy nhin, khi cng tn tht vi chi ph cu h, gim nh, chi ph nh gi v bn li hng ha b tn tht, chi ph i ngi th 3 bi thng, tin ng gp TTC th d c vt qu s tin BH, ngi BH vn phi bi thng3. Khi thanh ton tin bi thng, ngi BH c th khu tr nhng khan thu nhp ca ngi c BH trong vic bn hng v i ngi th 3.41. Bo him thn tu l g? i tng bo him trong bo him thn tu? S cn thit ca bo him thn tu?_ Bo him thn tu (Hull Insurance): l bo him nhng thit hi vt cht xy ra i vi v tu, my mc v cc thit b trn tu, ng thi bo him cc ph, cc chi ph hot ng ca tu v mt phn trch nhim m ch tu phi chu trong trng hp 2 tu m va nhau_ i tng bo him: v tu, my mc thit b, cc ph hot ng v mt phn trch nhim trong v tu m va nhau (thng thng l trch nhim m va)_ S cn thit: + vn ti ng bin cha nhiu ri ro + tu bin c trng ti v dung tch ln, vn tc chm, hnh trnh ko di, xc sut xy ra ri ro cao + tu bin hot ng c lp trn bin ne6n vic ng cu, hn ch tn tht gp kh khn + tr gi tu bin ln + ch tu c th b pht sinh trch nhim dn s do hot ng ca tu d gy tn tht cho ng khc + ch tu c th b tn tht bi hnh vi c ca cc thu th thuyn vin trn tu42. Cc loi hp ng bo him thn tu? S khc nhau gia cc loi hp ng ny.Bo him theo thi hn (Hull Time Insurance)Bo him chuyn (Vouage Insurance)Bo him chi ph (Hull Disbursements Insurance)

nh ngha-Bo him thn tu trong 1 thi gian nht nh-thng p dng cho hu ht cc loi tu- thi im bt u v kt thc hiu lc ca bh phi quy nh c th- bh con tu t cng ny n cng khc hoc bo him cho 1 chuyn kh hi- thng p dng cho tu mi ng xut khu hoc tu i sa cha- bh cc chi ph nh chi ph hot ng ca tu (nhin liu, nc ngt, lng thc, thc phm, tin lng thu th, cng ph)

Bo him theo cc iu kin- k bh thn tu mi ri ro Institute Time Clauseall risks- k min bi thng tn tht ring Institute Time ClauseFPA absolutely- k min bi thng tn tht b phn Institute Time ClauseF.O.D abs- Institute Voyage ClauseAll risks- IVCFPA absolute- k bh tn tht ton b - Institute StandardTLOclause

_ Ngoi ra cn c Bo him cc ri ro ti cng (SGK/66) v Bo him chin tranh, nh cng43. Trnh by phm vi trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo Quy tc bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh 142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991._ Nhng thit hi do nhng ri ro c bo him gy ra cho ti sn c bo him ghi trong giy chng nhn bo him (hoc danh mc km theo giy chng nhn bo him) nu ngi c bo him np ph bo him v nhng thit hi y xy ra trc lc 4 gi chiu ngy cui cng ca thi hn bo him ghi trong giy chng nhn bo him._Chi ph cn thit v hp l nhm hn ch tn tht ti sn c bo him trong v sau khi chy._ BAOVIET cng s bi thng cho Ngi c bo him c chi ph thu dn hin trng sau khi chy nu nhng chi ph ny c ghi r trong giy chng nhn bo him l c bo him v Ngi c bo him np thm ph bo him theo t l ph quy nh_ Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp, trch nhim ca BAOVIET khng vt qu s tin bo him ca mi hng mc ti sn ghi trong danh mc hoc gp li, khng vt qu tng s tin bo him ghi trong giy chng nhn bo him._ Ri ro c bo him ni y l nhng ri ro ghi trong giy yu cu bo him, chn trong s nhng ri ro quy nh trong ph lc "Nhng ri ro c th la chn bo him" theo Quy tc ny.44. Phm vi trch nhim bo him v mt khng gian v thi gian i vi tng loi hp ng bo him thn tu.Bo him theo thi hn (Hull Time Insurance)Bo him chuyn (Vouage Insurance)

Khng gian- bh con tu t cng ny n cng khc hoc bo him cho 1 chuyn kh hi

Thi gian-Bh thn tu trong 1 thi gian nht nh- thi im bt u v kt thc hiu lc ca bh phi quy nh c th

45. Cc ri ro c bo him theo cc iu kin bo him ca ITC 1995_ Ri ro c bo him (SGK/67) + Nhng tn tht hoc thit hi ca i tng bo him gy ra bi: Tai ho ca bin, sng h, hoc cc vng nc khc Chy, n Trm cp t ngoi tu Vt hng xung bin Cp bin m va phi phng tin vn chuyn ni a, cu cng hoc trang thit b ca cng ng t, ni la phun, st nh Tai nn trong vic xp d, hoc di chuyn hh hoc nhin liu + V cc ri ro sau y, vi k l cc tn tht, thit hi ko do s thiu cn mn ca ng c bh, ng qun l tu gy nn N ni hi, gy trc hoc cc n t trong my mc v v tu S sut ca thuyn trng, s quan, thu th hoc hoa tiu S sut ca ng sa cha, ng thu tu vi k ng sa cha/ ng thu tu ko phi l ng c bh Ph hoi ca thuyn trng, s quan thu th m va phi my bay hoc cc vt th ri t my bay46. Ni dung ca cc iu kin bo him thn tu theo ITC 1995.1. iu kin bo him mi ri ro [Institute Time Clauses All Risks (1/11/1995)]_ Ri ro c bo him (cu 45)_ Trch nhim do nhim du: bh ny cng bh nhng tn tht hoc thit hi cho tu bt ngun t quyt nh ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn nhm ngn nga hoc gim thiu nhim pht sinh t cc h hng ca tu m ng bh phi chu trch nhim theo bh ny, vi k l nhng quyt nh nh vy ko phi l do thiu cn mn hp l ca ng dc bh, ch tu hoc ng qun l tu trong vic ngn nga hoc lm gim nhim_ Trch nhim do tu m va nhau: + Ng bh ng bi thng cho ng dc bh s tin m ng dc bh phi tr cho mt hay nhiu ng khc, m theo quy nh ca lut php th ng c bh phi chu trch nhim v Mt mt hoc h hng ca tu khc hoc ca ti sn trn tu khc Chm tr hoc mt tc dng cho tu khc hoc tu sn trn tu TTC hay cu nn/cu h theo hp ng ca tu khc hay ti sn trn m ng dc bh phi tr do tu dc bh m va phi bt k tu no + Vic bi thng theo k ny v cc k khc s theo nguyn tc sau: Khi tu c bh m va phi tu khc v c 2 u c li th, tr khi trch nhim ca 2 tu b gii hn bi lut php nu ko vic bi thng theo iu khon ny s c tnh ton trn c s nguyn tc trch nhim cho cross-liability. C th: cc ch tu coi nh phi bi thng cho nhau ton b thit hi ca bn kia m ko khu tr i s tin chnh lch Trong mi trng hp tng trch nhim ca ng bh trong 1 v m va ko vt qu gi tr bh ca tu_ TTC v chi ph cu nn: + bh ny bh phn chi ph cu nn, cu h v/hoc TTC ca tu dc gim tr v bh di gi tr, nhng trong trng hp hi sinh TTC ca tu th ng dc bh s dc bi thng ton b thit hi m ko cn phi c chng nhn ng gp ca cc quyn li khc + Vic gii quyt vn TTC phi theo lut l, tp qun ca ni kt thc hnh trnh; nu hp ng vn ti ko c quy nh c bit khc. Nu hp ng quy nh gii quyt theo York-Antwrep th phi p dng nguyn tc ny (Khi tu chy ko hng, ko theo hp ng th nhng quy nh ca York-Antwerp 1994 tr quy tc XI(d), XX v XXI s p dng; v hnh trnh tu s coi nh tip tc t ni khi hnh cho n khi tu n cng u tin m cng ko phi l cng lnh nn hay cng gh vo ly du)_ Cam kt bh chi ph hot ng ca tu (Disbursement Warranty): ng bh c th nhn bh thm cc chi ph v cc khon tin sau: + Cc chi ph hot ng ca tu, hoa hng ca ng qun l, tin li, tin vt qu hoc gi tr tng thm ca v tu v my mc; nhng tt c cc khon ny ko dc vt qu 25% gi tr ca hp ng ny + tin cc, tin thu tu, tin thu tu theo thi hn, nhng ko vt qu 25% gi tr ca hp ng ny sau khi tr i 25% ni trn (nu c) + tin cc hoc tin thu tu chuyn + tin cc ng trc ca tu chy ko c hng v ko theo hp ng + tin thu tu ca nhiu chuyn + ph bo him + ph bo him hon li _ Chi ph bo tn v t tng (Sue and Labour Expenses): ng bh phi bi hon: + chi ph hp l, cn thit ngn nga, lm gim tn tht + chi ph n thc hin hoc bo lu quyn khiu ni i vi ng t3 + chi ph bo v quyn li ca mnh trc 1 v kin_ Hon li ph bo him do tu nm x hoc di hu hp ng + ph bh c hon tr theo t l i vi mi thng cha bt u bh, nu bh ny b hu do tho thun + khi tu nm x trong 30 ngy lin tc trong cng hay trong khu vc vi k cng hay khu vc dc bh chp thun_ Ri ro loi tr (Exclusions) + Ri ro chin tranh (War Exclusions): chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, khi ngha,; b chim ot, b tch thu, b bt (tr ph hoi ca thuyn vin v cp bin); mn, thu li, bom + Ri ro nh cng (Strike Exclusions): ng nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng, khng b + Cc hnh ng c (Malicious Acts Exclusion): do cc v n, do v kh chin tranh khc gy ra bi bt k ng no c hnh ng c hoc v ng c chnh tr + Ri ro phng x, ht nhn (Radioactive Contamination Exclusion): Tia ion ho do hot ng phng x ca vic s dng nhin liu ht nhn, cht thi ht nhn hay n ht nhn Vic nhim x, cht c, cht n hay nhng cht c hi khc pht sinh do vic lp t cc l phn ng ht nhn Bt k v kh chin tranh no c s dng nng lng nguyn t hay ht nhn v/hoc phn ng phn-nhit hch hoc phn ng tng t sc phng x hay cht phng x + Cc ri ro loi tr khc: C quan ng kim thay i cp hng hoc cp hng b b Khi tu chy ngoi phm vi kinh doanh quy nh, ngoi thi hn quy nh (i vi bh theo thi hn) hoc tu chy theo tuyn bnh thng ko hay i hay i chch ng hoc thay i hnh trnh (i vi bh chuyn) Khi c thay i ch tu hoc ng thu tu nh hn Khi cu trc tu c thay i ln Khi tu chy vo vng c chin tranh, chin s, hay dc thu phc v cho chin tranh, cho mc ch qun s Hnh ng c hay s sut ca ng mua bh, ng dc bh hoc i l Tu ko kh nng i bin ngay t lc khi hnh; do tui ca tu hoc thi gian s dng; bc ln tu nhng cht hoc nhng hh nguy him, nu ng dc bh bit nhng ng bh ko bit iu kin bo him tn tht ton b [Institute Total Loss Only TLO]_Ri ro dc bh: tng t All Risks_ Cu nn Salvage: bh ny bi thng phn ca tu v cu h, cu nn b gim do bh di gi tr_ nhim du Pollution Hazard: tng t All Risks1. iu kin min tn tht ring [Free from Particular Average Absolutely FPA]Ng bh tuyt i ko bi thng TTR l tn tht b phn v cc khiu ni v TTC lin quan n thit hi ca v tu, nhng s bi thng: + Phn ng gp ca tu v TTC lin quan n thit hi ca thit b my mc, ni hi, neo, my mc ni hi ph, ti, cn cu, my quay neo, my lnh, h thng n in, ct dy bum + Tn tht b phn trong trng hp cu ho hoc m va vi tu khc khi cu nn1. iu kin min bi thng tn tht b phn [ITC Hulls Free of Damage Absolutely (FOD)]BH ny bi thng tn tht ca i tng bh trc tip gy ra bi: + tai nn trong vic xp d, hoc di chuyn hh hoc nhin liu + n trn tu hoc ni khc + n hay tai nn vi l phn ng ht nhn trn tu hay ni khc + n ni hi, gy trc hoc n t trong my mc hoc v tu + s sut ca thuyn trng, s quan, thu th hoc hoa tiu + s sut ca ng sa cha vi k ng sa cha ko phi l ng dc bo him + m va phi my bay + m va phi phng tin vn chuyn ng b, cu cng hay thit b ca cng + ng t, ni la phun, st nhvi k tn tht ni trn ko do s thiu cn mn ca ng dc bh, ch tu, ng qun l tu hoc bt k ng qun l no ca h trn b + chi ph bo tn v t tng, cu nn (Sue and Labour expenses, salvage charges) + trch nhim m va + ng gp TTC47. Ni dung ca iu kin bo him tn tht ton b TLO ITC 1995. (cu 46b)48. Ni dung ca iu kin bo him min tn tht b phn FODabs ITC 1995. (cu 46d)49. Ni dung ca iu kin bo him min tn tht ring FPAabs ITC 1995. (cu 46c)50. Ni dung ca iu kin bo him mi ri ro AR ITC 1995. (cu 46a)51. Khi tai nn m va xy ra, ngi bo him thn tu phi c trch nhim i vi cc tn tht thit hi no ca tu c bo him. (cu 46a Trch nhim do m va)52. Phn tch v cho v d minh ha v phn trch nhim m ch hng phi chu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li. c bi thng cho tn tht ny, ch hng phi tham gia iu kin bo him no?_ Khi tu c bh m va phi tu khc v c 2 u c li th, tr khi trch nhim ca 2 tu b gii hn bi lut php nu ko vic bi thng theo iu khon ny s c tnh ton trn c s nguyn tc trch nhim cho cross-liability._ V d: cc ch tu coi nh phi bi thng cho nhau ton b thit hi ca bn kia m ko khu tr i s tin chnh lch_ dc bi thng tn tht ny, ch hng phi tham gia k ITC AR (mi ri ro)_ Trong mi trng hp tng trch nhim ca ng bh trong 1 v m va ko vt qu gi tr bh ca tu53. Gii thch Phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phi chu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li. (cu 52)54. Tn tht ca hng ha do tu chuyn ch hng m va vo tu khc m c hai tu u c li s c bi thng nh th no? Cho v d minh ha. (cu 52)55.Theo nguyn tc trch nhim cho, cc ch tu s chu trch nhim bi thng tn tht thit hi cho nhau nh th no? Cho v d minh ha. (cu 52)56. Ph bo him thn tu ph thuc nhng yu t g? Hon ph bo him trong bo him thn tu c thc hin nh th no?_ Ph bh thn tu dc tnh ton trn c s t l ph bh do cng ty bh ra, trn c s thng k tn tht ca tu hng nm._ T l ph bh thn tu ph thuc vo: loi tu, c tu, tui tu, mc ch s dng, vng bin kinh doanh, gi tr bh, iu kin bh, trang thit b, thuyn b, mc min thng, t l lm pht, tnh hnh tn tht ca i tu_ Hon ph bh thn tu khi: + Hu b hp ng (Bo Vit hon 80%) + Tu ngng hot ng t 30 ngy lin tc tr ln (tu vn an ton) (Bo Vit haon2 50% s ph ca thi gian ngng hot ng)57. Phn bit trch nhim ca bo him thn tu v bo him P&I trong tai nn m va ca tu c bo him.Trong tai nn m va ca tu c bh:BH thn tu (ITC All Risks)BH P&I (Protection & Indemnity)

Trch nhimNg bh ng bi thng cho ng dc bh s tin m ng dc bh phi tr cho mt hay nhiu ng khc, m theo quy nh ca lut php th ng c bh phi chu trch nhim v Mt mt hoc h hng ca tu khc hoc ca ti sn trn tu khc Chm tr hoc mt tc dng cho tu khc hoc tu sn trn tu TTC hay cu nn/cu h theo hp ng ca tu khc hay ti sn trn m ng dc bh phi tr do tu dc bh m va phi bt k tu noHi P&I bi thng thit hi cho bt k ng no khc do m gia tu dc bh v tu khc theo qui nh (a), (b), (c) sau (nhng ch nu v trong phm vi trch nhim y ko dc bi thg theo iu khon trch nhim m va ca n bo him thn tu)(a) hoc 1 t l khc dc Hi tho thun bng vn bn, cho trch nhim pht sinh t vic m va, ngoi nhng trch nhim lit k (b) v (c) di y(b) 4/4 trch nhim pht sinh do m va i vi hay lin quan n(i) vic tho d hay x l cc chng ngi, xc tu, hh hay bt k vt no khc hay ti sn trn (ii) bt k ng sn hay ti sn c nhn, hoc bt k vt g ngoi tu khc hay ti sn trn (iii) hh hay ti sn khc trn tu dc bh, hoc ng gp TTC, cc ph tn c bit hay tin cu h m ch hh hay ti sn y tr(iv) tn tht nhn mng, thng tch hay m au(v) nhim hay nhim bn bt k ng sn hay ti sn c nhn hay bt k vt no (tr nhim hoc nhim bn ca cc tu m ti dc bh m va phi hoc ti sn trn cc tu y)(c) phn trch nhim ca hi vin pht sinh t s c m va vt qu s tin dc bi thng theo cc n bh thn tu ca tu dc bh do mc trch nhim y vt qu tr gi ca tu trong cc n bh y.

58. Trnh by trch nhim dn s m ch tu phi gnh chu trong qu trnh kinh doanh khai thc tu. (cha tm c thng tin)59. Trnh by s hnh thnh cc hi bo him P&I v cc nguyn tc hot ng ca hi._ S hnh thnh: Theo qui nh ca lut php vo u TK XIX, ch tu ko nhng phi chu trch nhim i vi hh, ti sn m cn phi chu trch nhim i vi m au, thng tt, cht chc ca thuyn vin v c tnh mng ca hnh khch => bo v quyn li ca mnh, cc ch tu phi cng nhau lp nn cc hi bh ln nhau. Mc ch ca hi: bo v (protection) li ch ca ch tu v bi thng (Indemnity) cho cc ch tu nhng thit hi pht sinh t cc khiu ni ca bn th 3; ch ko nhm mc ch li nhun_ Nguyn tc hot ng: Nguyn tc tng h (cn i thu chi v ko tnh li) Tt c cc khon bi thng, chi tiu u do cc hi vin ng gp Khi 1 hi vin b tn tht th hi ng ra bi thng, sau phn b cho cc hi vin trn c s GRT (Gross Registered Tonnage) tham gia ca tng hi vin, loi tu, khu vc hot ng ca tu hi vin v loi ri ro m ch tu ng k tham gia S tin m hi vin ng gp chnh l chi ph ca hi ko bao gm li Mi thnh vin va l ng bh, va l ng dc bh Hi gip cc hi vin v o to cn b, cung cp thng tin60. Phn tch nhng im khc nhau c bn ca hi bo him P&I v cc cng ty bo him phi nhn th.Cty bh phi nhn thHi P&I

Mc chKinh doanh, kim li nhunBo v li ch ca ch tu; bi thng cho ch tu nhng thit hi pht sinh t khiu ni ca bn th 3, ko nhm li nhun

i tng bhCon ng, ti sn, trch nhim dn sTrch nhim dn s ca ch tu i vi ng th 3

Ng tham gia bhTt c mi ng c li ch BHThnh vin ca hi (l cc ch tu)

Ng bhCty bh, hot ng nhm mc ch li nhunThnh vin ca hi (l cc ch tu)

Ngun hnh hnh quDo ng tham gia bh ng ph BHS tin hi vin ng gp

61. Trnh by nhng ri ro c bn thuc nhm bo him P&I: 24 ri ro (SGK/84)_ Thng tt, m au, cht (thuyn vin)_ Thng tt, m au, cht (nhng ng khc ko phi l thuyn vin hay hnh khch); trch nhim i vi hnh khch_ Chi ph hi hng v thay th thuyn vin_ Lng v bi thng tht nghip khi m tu_ Chi ph thay i tuyn ng (chi ph nhin liu, bo him, lng thc d tr, cng ph) cu ng_ Ngi b trn, t nn v nn nhn c cu trn bin_ Cu sinh mng con ngi: s tin tr cho ng t3 d cu/ n lc cu sng ng trn tu hay t tu dc bh; nhng ch nu v trong chng mc cc chi ph y ko th i dc theo n bh thn tu ca tu dc bh, t ch hng hay t ng bh hh_ Mt mt v h hng t trang ca thuyn vin v nhng ng khc_ m va vi tu khc: P&I bi thng cho c 2 ch tu_ Tn tht hay thit hi ti sn_ nhim: nhng mt mt h hi hoc lm bn do nhim; chi ph phng hn ch tn tht; tin pht do nhim hoc cc chi ph thc hin mnh lnh ca chnh quyn ngn nga hay hn ch tn tht_ Trch nhim theo hp ng lai dt (SGK/89)_ Trch nhim pht sinh t cc hp ng v iu khon bi thng_ Trch nhim i vi xc tu: cc chi ph tn tht pht sinh do trc vt, di chuyn, ph hu, nh du, thp sng xc tu; cc trch nhim pht sinh do trc vt, di chuyn, ph hu, nh du, thp sng k c vic thi thot du hay bt k cht c khc t xc tu y; cc trch nhim m ch tu phi chu do xc tu nm ti hoc v tnh b cuyn ri i ni khc nu ch tu cha tuyn b t b tu_ Chi ph kim dch_ Hng ho: mt mt, thiu ht, h hng; gii quyt hng h hng; vn n i sut hay chuyn ti_ Nhng ng gp TTC ko thu c_ Phn ng gp TTC ca tu_ Ti sn trn tu dc bo him: tr hh, t trang ca bt k ng no trn tu dc bh_ Chi ph ca ng cu h theo cc mu hp ng cu h_ Tin pht: do giao thiu/tha hh hay ko tun th quy tc v k khai hh hay chng t hh ca tu dc bh; bun lu; vi phm lut hay quy nh v nhp c; thi du hay cc cht c hai ca tu dc bh;; Tch thu tu_ iu tra v t tng hnh s_ Trch nhim, chi ph v ph tn do thc hin cc ch th ca Qun tr vin_ Chi ph t tng v phng tn tht62. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him trong bo him thn tu s t ng chm dt trong nhng trng hp no?_ Thay i cng ty ng kim ca tu_ Thay i, nh ch, gin on, thu hi hoc ht hn cp hng tu_ Gim nh nh k ca tu b qu hn; tr trng hp cng ty ng kim ng gia hn_ Thay i v s hu tu hay c tu, chuyn quyn qun l tu, hoc cho thu nh hn trn, b tc quyn s hu hay quyn s dngCHNG 3: BO HIM HNG HA XNK CHUYN CH BNG NG HNG KHNG63. Bo him hng khng l g? Cc loi hnh ca bo him hng khng._ Khi nim: l bh nhng ri ro trn khng, trn blin quan ti 1 hnh trnh chuyn ch bng ng hng khng._ Cc loi hnh bh hk: + Bo him thn my bay: bao gm v, my v trang thit b ca my bay + Bo him trch nhim dn s ca ng c bh i vi hnh khch, hnh l, hh v t trang ca hnh khch: do gy thng vong, thit hi cho hnh khch khi h ang ln xung cu thang my bay/ ang trong qu trnh bay hoc do gy thit hi i vi hnh l, hh, bu kin nhn chuyn ch. Ko p dng vi nhn vin t bay khi h ko phi l hnh khch v thit hi v ng v ti sn lin quan ti ng t3 + Bo him trch nhim dn s ca ng dc bh i vi ng t3: do my bay hay bt c ng no, vt th no t my bay ri xung, gy thit hi cho ng t3 trn mt t. ko p dng i vi hnh khch v nhn vin t bay + Bo him trch nhim i vi sn phm: bo him nhng ri ro l hu qu do li ca ng sx my bay trong qu trnh thit k, sa cha, thay th ph tng, + Bo him tai nn c nhn: p dng vi hnh khch v nhn vin t bay. y l hp ng t nguyn ng k gia hnh khch/nhn vin t bay vi cty bo him + Bo him ri ro chin tranh: hin nay tch thnh 1 hp ng bh ring + Bo him ri ro bt cc, chim ot: bh theo 1 hp ng bh ring; ch c gi tr sau 1 khong thi gian nht nh ( xc inh my bay s ko dc hon tr cho ng dc bh) + Bo him trch nhim dn s ca ch sn bay v ng iu hnh bay (cha p dng VN) + Bo him mt kh nng s dng (cha p dng VN) + Bo him hh vn chuyn bng ng hng khng: y l dng bh ti sn, dnh cho cc ch hng c hng vn chuyn bng my bay t mua bh cho mnh trc tip ti cc cty bh m ko mua ca cc hng hng khng thng qua cc64. Trnh by cc ri ro m ngi bo him thn my bay phi chu trch nhim theo quy tc chung v bo him hng khng nm 1991 ca Vit Nam QTC 1991.Trch nhim ca ng bh thn my bay quy nh trong 2 k bh: A v B_ iu kin A bh mi ri ro + Theo k ny, ng bh nhn trch nhim bi thng: Tn tht ton b hoc b phn xy ra i vi my bay do tai nn bt ng gy ra (k c trng hp my bay mt tch) trong thi gian dc bh Chi ph cn thit v hp l trong trng hp khn cp m ng dc bh phi chu do cc hnh vi nhm bo him an ton cho my bay (c gy hn hoc phi h cnh bt buc nhng ti a ko vt qu 10% gi tr bh ca my bay ) Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bh + Loi tr: Trng hp hao mn t nhin, gim dn cht lng, gy v, hng hc hoc trc trc xy ra bn trong bt k b phn no ca my bay cng nh hu qu do nhng hin tng va nu trong phm vi b phn gy ra Trng hp h hng xy ra i vi bt k b phn no do nhng vt c tc dng ph hu dn dn, lu di gy ra Nu cc trng hp va nu trn gy ra tai nn bt ng i vi my bay th s dc bi thng theo ton b cc iu khon ca k A_ iu kin B Bo him tn tht ton b: ng bh chu trch nhim bi thng tn tht ton b thc t hoc c tnh ton b xy ra i vi my bay do tai nn bt ng gy ra (k c trng hp my bay b mt tch) trong thi gian c bh_ Loi tr bh i vi c 2 k trn: + Trng hp hao mn t nhin, gim dn cht lng, gy v, hng hc v trc trc xy ra bn trong bt k b phn no ca my bay cng nh hu qu do nhng hin tng y gy ra trong phm vi b phn + Trng hp h hng xy ra i vi bt k b phn no do nhng vt c tc dng ph hu dn dn, lu di gy ra + Nu nhng iu trn gy ra tai nn bt ng i vi my bay th s dc bi thng theo c k A v B + Khi my bay c s dng khc vi mc ch s dng ghi trn giy chng nhn bh + Khi my bay vt ra ngoi phm vi a l nu trong giy chng nhn bh, tr trng hp do nhng k ko th trnh khi + khi my bay hot ng di s iu khin ca bt k ng no khc vi quy nh trong giy chng nhn bh; tr trng hp my bay chy trn mt t vi s iu khin ca nhng ng dc php lm vic + Khi my bay h/ct cnh nhng ni ko ph hp vi tnh nng k thut ca my bay, tr trng hp do nhng iu kin ko th trnh khi + Khi my bay dc vn chuyn bng bt k phng tin vn chuyn no, tr trng hp l hu qu ca 1 tai nn c th dn n khiu ni thuc loi bh th 2 ca qui tc ny (bh trch nhim dn s ca ng dc bh i vi hnh khch, hnh l, hh v t trang ca hnh khch) + i vi nhng trch nhim v quyn li m ng dc bh chp nhn hoc t b theo bt k 1 tho thun no khc vi v hnh khch, phiu hnh l hoc vn n pht hnh lin quan n loi bh th 2 + i vi nhng khiu ni m ng dc bh c th dc bi thng qui nh trong cc hp ng khc m vn thuc phm vi bh trong qui tc ny + i vi nhng hin tng tn tht do hin tng phng x hoc nhim phng x gy ra trc tip hoc gin tip hoc c th qui cho nhng hin tng y + i vi nhng khiu ni tn tht do: Chin tranh, ni chin, xm lc v cc hnh ng th ch khc ca nc ngoi, d c tuyn chin hay ko, cng nh mi bin c chnh tr nc ngoi Tin hnh c tnh cht th ch cc v n ca bt k loi v kh chin tranh no c s dng nng lng nguyn t hoc cc cht phn ng phn hu hoc lin kt ht nhn hoc cc nng lng hoc cc cht phn ng v phng x tng t khc nh cng, bi cng, gy ri dn s, ph ri lao ng Mi hnh ng ca 1 ng hay 1 nhm ng nhm mc ch chnh tr hoc khng b v d nhng thit hi bt ngun t c tnh cht tai nn bt ng Mi hnh ng c hay ph hoi B tch thu, trng thu, chim gi, chim ot, khng ch, bt gi chim hu hoc s dng theo lnh ca bt k 1 ng hay 1 nhm ng trn my bay bt cc, cng ot hoc khng ch 1 cch phi php khi my bay ang bay, k c nhng c gng nhm thc hin nhng hnh ng Nhng khiu ni pht sinh khi my bay vt ra ngoi s kim sot ca ng dc bh do nhng nguyn nhn ni trn65. Trnh by cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi ngi th ba theo QTC 1991._ Ri ro dc bh: + gy thng vong + lm h hng, thit hi ti sn ca ng t3 do my bay hoc bt k 1 ng, 1 vt th no t trn my bay ri xung gy ra_ Loi tr: + Tn tht v ng v ti sn: tn tht v ng v ti sn xy ra i vi ng dc bh hoc bn cng tham gia kinh doanh vi ng dc bh khi nhng ng ny ang thi hnh nhim v ca h i vi ng dc bh tn tht v ng v ti sn xy ra i vi nhn vin t bay khi ang lm nhim v trn chuyn bay tn tht v ng v ti sn xy ra i vi hnh khch khi h ang trong my bay hoc ang ln xung my bay tn tht xy ra i vi bt k ti sn no thuc quyn qun l v s hu ca ng dc bh + Nhng khiu ni pht sinh trc tip hay gin tip t nhng hin tng sau (tr trng hp nhng hin tng sau l hu qu ca tai nn bt ng nh my bay ri, chy, n, m, va) ting ng, d tai ng c nghe thy hay ko, s chn ng sng m thanh, n do kch sng t bin khi my bay bay vt tc ting ng v bt k ri ro no khc gn lin vi cc hin tng ni trn nhim v tt c cc loi nhim bn nhiu sng in v sng in t nhng tr ngi trong vic s dng ti sn + Khi my bay c s dng khc vi mc ch ghi trn giy chng nhn bh + Khi my bay vt ra ngoi phm vi a l nu trong giy chng nhn bh, tr trng hp do nhng k ko th trnh khi + khi my bay hot ng di s iu khin ca bt k ng no khc vi quy nh trong giy chng nhn bh; tr trng hp my bay chy trn mt t vi s iu khin ca nhng ng dc php lm vic + Khi my bay h/ct cnh nhng ni ko ph hp vi tnh nng k thut ca my bay, tr trng hp do nhng iu kin ko th trnh khi + Khi my bay dc vn chuyn bng bt k phng tin vn chuyn no, tr trng hp l hu qu ca 1 tai nn c th dn n khiu ni thuc loi bh th 2 ca qui tc ny (bh trch nhim dn s ca ng dc bh i vi hnh khch, hnh l, hh v t trang ca hnh khch) + i vi nhng trch nhim v quyn li m ng dc bh chp nhn hoc t b theo bt k 1 tho thun no khc vi v hnh khch, phiu hnh l hoc vn n pht hnh lin quan n loi bh th 2 + i vi nhng khiu ni m ng dc bh c th dc bi thng qui nh trong cc hp ng khc m vn thuc phm vi bh trong qui tc ny + i vi nhng hin tng tn tht do hin tng phng x hoc nhim phng x gy ra trc tip hoc gin tip hoc c th qui cho nhng hin tng y + i vi nhng khiu ni tn tht do: Chin tranh, ni chin, xm lc v cc hnh ng th ch khc ca nc ngoi, d c tuyn chin hay ko, cng nh mi bin c chnh tr nc ngoi Tin hnh c tnh cht th ch cc v n ca bt k loi v kh chin tranh no c s dng nng lng nguyn t hoc cc cht phn ng phn hu hoc lin kt ht nhn hoc cc nng lng hoc cc cht phn ng v phng x tng t khc nh cng, bi cng, gy ri dn s, ph ri lao ng Mi hnh ng ca 1 ng hay 1 nhm ng nhm mc ch chnh tr hoc khng b v d nhng thit hi bt ngun t c tnh cht tai nn bt ng Mi hnh ng c hay ph hoi B tch thu, trng thu, chim gi, chim ot, khng ch, bt gi chim hu hoc s dng theo lnh ca bt k 1 ng hay 1 nhm ng trn my bay bt cc, cng ot hoc khng ch 1 cch phi php khi my bay ang bay, k c nhng c gng nhm thc hin nhng hnh ng Nhng khiu ni pht sinh khi my bay vt ra ngoi s kim sot ca ng dc bh do nhng nguyn nhn ni trn66. Trnh by cc ri ro loi tr trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng theo ICC 1982._ Tn tht hay chi ph do li ca ng dc bh_ Do chy thng thng, mt my thng thng v trng lng, th tch, khi lng hay hao mn v rch thng thng ca i tng bh_ Mt mt, h hi hay chi ph do bao b ko y hay ko ph hp ca i tng bh_ Tn tht hay chi ph do ni t hay bn cht ca i tng bh_ Tn tht hay chi ph pht sinh t s ko ph hp ca my bay, phng tin vn chuyn, container hay bng truyn i vi vic vn chuyn an ton i vi i tg bh, khi ng dc bh hay ng lm cng ca h bit trc s ko ph hp nh vy vo lc xp hng_ Mt mt, h hi hay chi ph do chm tr gy ra bi 1 ri ro dc bh_ Mt mt, h hi hay chi ph pht sinh do tnh trng thua l ti chnh mt kh nng chi tr ca ch/qun l/ng thu/ng khai thc my bay_ Mt mt, h hi do vic s dng v kh chin tranh, ht nhn nguyn t_ Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng_ B bt, tch thu, cu thc, cu lu_ Bom mn v cc v kh chin tranh_ Tn tht do nhng ng khng b hay bt c ng no hnh ng v mc ch chnh tr67. Trnh by cc ri ro loi tr chung trong bo him hng khng theo QTC 1991. (cu 64)68. Trnh by cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi hnh khch, hnh l, t trang v hng ha theo QTC 1991._ Nhng khon tin m ng dc bh phi bi thng theo ch trch nhim dn s do: + gy thng vong cho hnh khch khi h ang trong my bay hoc ang ln xung my bay + lm mt hoc h hng hnh l, hh trong qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun cn c theo phiu hnh l hoc vn n do ng dc bh pht hnh + mt, h hng t trang v hnh l xch tay do hnh khch t bo qun trong qu trnh vn chuyn trong trng hp my bay b tn tht ton b_ Loi tr bh (SGK/126)69. Trnh by thi hn bo him i vi bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng theo ICC 1982._ Khng gian bh: + bh ny c hiu lc k t khi i tg bh ri kho, ni cha hng hay ni lu gi bt u vn chuyn bnh thng v kt thc khi: Giao vo kho ca ng nhn hng, kho hay ni cha hng cui cng khc hay lu kho ni n c ghi trong trng hp ng bh Giao n bt k 1 kho hay ni cha hng no khc hay ni lu kho cho d trc khi n hay ni n m ng dc bh chn la : lu kho ngoi qu trnh vn chuyn bnh thng; phn phi hay cung cp hh_ Thi hn bh: 30 ngy sau khi d i tg bh ra khi my bay ti ni d hng_ 1 trong 2 iu trn xy ra th iu cn li ko gi tr70. Trnh by cc ri ro loi tr chung trong bo him hng khng theo QTC 1991. (ging 67???)CHNG 4: BO HIM HA HON71. Phn tch s cn thit ca bo him chy n.72. i tng bo him ca bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit l g? V d._ i tng bo him ca bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit: + Bt ng sn: nh ca, cng trnh xy dng, nh my, x nghip, kho tng thuc loi hnh sx kinh doanh hoc cc cng trnh xy dng + Cc ng sn: ti sn c nhn lin quan n ng dc bh ( c, cc phng tin giao thng,); ti sn cn thit cho s hot ng ca 1 doanh nghip (my mc, thit b) + hng ho: nguyn liu, nhin liu, bn thnh phm, thnh phm73. Bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit: Ri ro n trong ri ro c bn c g ging v khc vi ri ro n trong cc ri ro c bit?(Theo SGK/142 v Q 142 ca B Ti chnh)Ri ro n trong ri ro c bnRi ro n trong cc ri ro c bit

Ging

Khc_ l do chy cc nhanh -> to ra p lc ln -> s gin n nhanh, mnh ca cht rn/lng/kh -> n_ Ri ro ny ch dc bh trong trng hp: N ni hi phc v sinh hot Hi t phc v sinh hot, thp sng hoc si m trong nh ko phi l xng th lm cc cng vic c s dng hi t_ tt c cc thit hi do n gy nn nhng loi tr:a. Ti sn c bo him b ph hu hay h hi do ni hi, thng un nc bng hi t, bnh cha, my mc hoc thit b m p sut bn trong hon ton do hi nc to ra b n (ch khng phi do chy bt ngun t n) nu ni hi v nhng my mc thit b thuc quyn s hu hay iu khin ca Ngi c bo him.b. Bnh cha, my mc hay thit b hoc cht liu bn trong cc dng c b h hi hay ph hu do n cc cht liu (im loi tr ny khng p dng trong trng hp bo him chy n xng du).p sut sng do my bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc ngang hay vt ting ng gy ra khng c coi l n.

74. Cc ri ro c bit l nhng ri ro nh th no trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit? Cho v d minh ha. (cu 75: tt c cc ri ro cn li tr ri ro ho hon)75. Phn tch cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit._ Ho hon (do n hay do nguyn nhn khc). Nhng loi tr: + N do nh hng ca ho hon; + ng t hoc la ngm di t; + Ti sn c bo him b ph hu hoc h hng do: T ln men hoc to nhit; Qu trnh x l bng nhit. + St, n: Ni hi phc v sinh hot; Hi t phc v sinh hot, thp sng hoc si m trong mt ngi nh khng phi l xng th lm cc cng vic c s dng hi t; Nhng loi tr trng hp ti sn b ph hu hay h hi do ng t hoc la ngm di t gy ra._ N. Nhng loi tr: +Ti sn c bo him b ph hu hay h hi do ni hi, thng un nc bng hi t, bnh cha, my mc hoc thit b m p sut bn trong hon ton do hi nc to ra b n (ch khng phi do chy bt ngun t n) nu ni hi v nhng my mc thit b thuc quyn s hu hay iu khin ca Ngi c bo him. +Bnh cha, my mc hay thit b hoc cht liu bn trong cc dng c b h hi hay ph hu do n cc cht liu (im loi tr ny khng p dng trong trng hp bo him chy n xng du). + p sut sng do my bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc ngang hay vt ting ng gy ra khng c coi l n._ My bay v cc phng tin hng khng khc hoc cc thit b trn cc phng tin ri vo, nhng loi tr ti sn b ph hu hay h hi bi p sut sng do my bay hay phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc ngang hoc vt ting ng gy ra._ Ni lon, bo ng dn s, nh cng, b xng hoc hnh ng ca nhng ngi tham gia cc cuc gy ri bo ng hay nhng ngi c c khng mang tnh cht chnh tr. + Loi tr ti sn b: Mt mt hay h hi do tch thu, ph hu hoc trng dng theo lnh ca Chnh ph hoc nh cm quyn. Mt mt hay h hi do ngng cng vic._ ng t._ La ngm di t._ Chy m nguyn nhn duy nht l do bn thn ti sn t ln men, to nhit hay bc chy._ Ging t hay bo tp v l lt, nhng loi tr: + Ti sn b ph hu hay h hi do sng mui, st l t. + Hng ro, cng ng v cc ng sn ngoi tri b ph hu hay h hi._ V hay trn nc t cc b cha, thit b cha nc hay ng ng dn, nhng loi tr ti sn b ph hu hay h hi do nc chy, r r t h thng thit b phng chy t ng._ Xe c hay sc vt khng thuc quyn s hu hay quyn kim sot ca Ngi c bo him hay ca ngi lm thu cho h m vo._ Nc chy hay r r ra t thit b vi phun Sprinkler t ng lp c sn trong nh nhng khng phi do: + ng bng khi ngi nh ca Ngi c bo him hoc ngi nh Ngi c bo him thu b b trng hoc khng s dng. + N, ng t hay chy ngm hoc b sc nng do ho hon. Nhng phi tun theo nhng iu kin c bit sau y: Ngi c bo him phi tin hnh mi bin php hp l phng s ng bng v h hi khc i vi h thng thit b phng chy t ng v vi trch nhim ti da ca mnh phi duy tr cc h thng ny (k c cc tn hiu bo ng t ng ph tr) trong iu kin m bo tt. Trong trng hp c s chy hay r r t cc thit b , Ngi c bo him phi thc hin v cho php thc hin mi bin php c th lm c nh di chuyn hay bng mt cch no khc cu v bo v ti sn c bo him. Trong trng hp c d kin thay i, sa cha hay sa i h thng cu ho t ng th phi thng bo bng vn bn cho BAOVIET v phi c s ng bng vn bn ca BAO VIET. Vo bt k thi im thch hp no, BAOVIET cng c quyn n cc ngi nh c bo him kim tra v nu thy cn thit phi thay i hay sa cha, BAOVIET cng c th thng bo bng vn bn cho Ngi c bo him v vic tm ngng bo him cho n khi vic thay i v sa cha hon thnh v c BAOVIET chp nhn. Ri ro ny khng bo him cc thit b phng chy t ng trong trng hp nguyn nhn thit hi khng phi l do nc chay hay r r bt ng t cc thit b .76. Ri ro c bn c bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit l nhng ri ro nh th no? (cu 75: Ri ro Ho hon)77. Ph bo him ha hon ph thuc vo nhng yu t g?_ Khi nim: ph bh l khon tin m ng dc bh phi np cho ng bh dc bi thng trong trng hp c tn tht do ri ro dc bh gy ra. Ph bh ho hon dc quy nh ring cho tng loi ri ro_ Cc yu t nh hng ph bh ho hon: + Vt liu xy dng c th chu ng dc lu bn hay ko, i vi sc nng + nh hng ca cc tng nh, sc chu ng ca tng, sn nh khi c ho hon xy ra + H thng PCCC, v tr gn/xa ngun nc + Cch phn chia n v ri ro hoc tng chng chy + Loi hh, bao b ng gi c d chy hay ko tnh cht cc kho hng v v tr ca kho hng78. Trnh by s tin bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit._ S tin bh l mc bi thng ti a trong trng hp ti sn dc bh b tn tht ton b_ C s xc nh s tin bh l gi tr bh: + Trong bh ho hon v cc ri ro c bit, ng dc bh c th tham gia bh ti sn ca mnh vi 1 s tin ln hn gi tr bh (cu 79) nhng ko qu 10% gi tr bh. Nu s tin bh thp hn gi tr th khi c tn tht s p dng nguyn tc bi thng theo t l + Trong mi trng hp bh bi thng ko vt qu s tin bh, k c bi thng nhiu ln (mi ln bi thng, s tin bi thng gim i 1 phn = vi s tin bi thng tr. Mun khi phc li s tin bh, ng dc bh phi np thm ph b sung tng ng)_ Cch xc nh s tin bh (2 cch): + Trn c s ktra i tng bh v cc giy t, s sch c lin quan; ng bh v ng dc bh s tho thun s tin bh + Trng hp s lng ti sn (vd: hh trong kho) thng xuyn thay i (tng/gim), khi c th bh theo gi tr trung bnh hoc gi tr ti a (cn gi l gi tr iu chnh): Bh theo gi tr trung bnh: ng dc bh c tnh v thng bo gi tr trung bnh ca ti sn trong thi hn bh. Gi tr trung bnh ny dc coi l s tin bh. Ph bh dc tnh trn c s gi tr trung bnh khai bo Bh theo gi tr ti a:(i) ng dc bh c tnh v thng bo gi tr ti a ca hh trong thi gian bh. Ph bh dc tnh trn c s gi tr ti a y nhng ch thu trc 75%. Khi tn tht xy ra, bh s bi thng tn tht thc t nhng ko vt qu gi tr ti a khai bo(ii) u mi thng/qu, tu tho thun, ng dc bh thng bo gi tr s hng ti a thc c trong thng/qu trc . Cui thi hn bh, trn c s cc gi tr dc thng bo, bh s tnh gi tr ti a bnh qun ca thi hn bh v tnh li ph bh trn c s ga tr ti a bnh qun ny. Nu ph tnh li>ph np ban u=>ng dc bh phi np thm s thiu. nu ph tnh ling bh hon li cho ng dc b. Tuy nhin, s ph bh chnh thc phi np ko dc thp hn 2/3 s ph bh np ban u (75%). Nu trong thi hn bh xy ra tn tht, ng bh bi thng v s tin bi thng vt qu gi tr ti a bnh qun th bh dc tnh trn c s s tin bi thng tr (khi ny, s tin bi thng coi nh l s tin bh)79. Trnh by gi tr bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit_ Khi nim: gi tr bh l gi tr ca ti sn cn bh. Gi tr ny c th l gi tr thc t hoc gi tr mi mua ca ti sn. Gi tr ti sn dc bh trong bh ho hon v cc ri ro c bit thng rt ln (vd: nh ca, cng trnh, my mc thit b, hh)_ Cch xc nh gi tr bh trong bh ho hon v cc ri ro c bit: + Gi tr bh ca nh ca: dc xc nh theo gi tr mi hoc gi tr cn li: Gi tr mi: gi tr mi xy ca ngi nh, gm c chi ph kho st thit k Gi tr cn li: gi tr mi hao mn do s dng theo thi gian + Gi tr bh ca my mc thit b v cc loi ti sn c nh khc: dc xc nh trn c s gi thay th (tc l gi tr cn li) + Gi tr bh ca thnh phm v bn thnh phm: dc xc nh trn c s gi thnh sx (gm chi ph mua nguyn vt liu, tin cng lao ng, tin khu hao my mc, nh xng, ph qun l). Nu gi thnh sx>gi bn th ly gi bn lm gi tr + Gi tr bh ca hh mua v trong kho/ca hng: dc xc nh theo gi mua (ho n) + chi ph vn chuyn + cc chi ph khc c lin quan80. Ph bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit_ Khi nim: Ph bh l khon tin m ng dc bh phi np cho ng bh dc bi thng trong trng hp c tn tht do ri ro dc bh gy ra. i vi bh ho hon v cc ri ro c bit, ph bh c quy nh ring cho tng loi ri ro._Thi im np ph bh do ng bh v ng dc bh tho thun. C th np ngay 1 ln sau khi k hp ng; hoc np thnh nhiu ln nu ph bh qu ln nhng ko dc qu 4 k trong thi gian tham gia bh_ i vi vic hu b hp ng bh th tu trng hp c th ng bh s tnh ton hon hay ko hon ph bh cho ng dc bh tu vo khong thi gian hiu lc cn li ca hp ng_ xem thm cu 77