bo cau hoi van dap van tai giao nhan
DESCRIPTION
Vận tải và giao nhậnTRANSCRIPT
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 1
KHOA KINH T V KINH DOANH QUC T
B mn Vn ti v bo him trong NT
I. Chng 1. Vn ti v mua bn quc t ..................................................................... 7
Cu 1: Ti sao vn ti l ngnh sn xut vt cht c bit? .................................................... 7
Cu 2: Trnh by phn loi vn ti ......................................................................................... 7
Cu 3: Tc dng ca vn ti .................................................................................................. 9
Cu 4: nh ngha v c im ca vn ti ............................................................................ 9
Cu 5: Phn tch mi quan h gia vn ti v bun bn quc t ........................................... 10
Cu 6: Quyn vn ti l g? Trnh by c s phn chia quyn vn ti trong ngoi
thng? ............................................................................................................................... 10
Cu 7: Cc iu kin c s giao hng m ngi bn ginh c quyn vn ti theo
Incoterms 2000 .................................................................................................................... 11
Cu 8: Cc iu kin c s giao hng m ngi mua ginh c quyn vn ti theo
Incoterms 2000 .................................................................................................................... 11
Cu 9: Phn tch nhng li ch khi ginh c quyn vn ti............................................... 11
Cu 10: Phn tch nhng trng hp khng nn ginh quyn vn ti ................................... 12
II. Chng 2. Vn chuyn hng ha XNK bng ng bin ......................................12
Cu 11: u nhc im ca vn ti bin? ........................................................................... 12
Cu 12: Vai tr ca vn ti bin i vi bun bn quc t ................................................... 13
Cu 13: Nu khi nim cng bin, chc nng cng bin, cc trang thit b c bn ca
mt cng bin ...................................................................................................................... 14
Cu 14: Khi nim tu bun v cc cch phn loi tu bun ................................................ 15
Cu 15: c trng kinh t k thut tu bun ........................................................................ 17
Cu 16: Mn nc ca tu: khi nim v ngha? .............................................................. 20
Cu 17: C tu l g? ngha ca vic cm c thng v cm c phng tin ................... 21
Cu 18: Khi nim v ngha ca h s xp hng ca hng v h s xp hng ca tu........ 21
Cu 19: Khi nim, c im v phng thc thu tu ch ................................................. 22
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 2
Cu 20: Trnh by khi nim ca phng thc thu tu ch v trnh t cc bc thu
tu. ...................................................................................................................................... 22
Cu 21: Khi nim v cc chc nng vn n ng bin ................................................... 23
Cu 22: Phn bit gia vn n xp hng ln tu v vn n nhn hng xp. ............. 24
Cu 23: Phn bit vn n ch danh, vn n theo lnh, vn n v danh. ........................ 25
Cu 24: K hu chuyn nhng chng t vn ti l g ? C nhng cch k hu chuyn
nhng no ? ....................................................................................................................... 26
Cu 25: Phn bit vn n i thng, vn n ch sut, vn n (chng t) vn ti a
phng thc (vn ti lin hp) ............................................................................................. 27
Cu 26: Trnh by v Surrendered Bill of Lading v Sea Way Bill. ..................................... 29
Cu 27: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha theo
Quy tc Hague. .................................................................................................................... 30
Cu 28: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha theo
Quy tc Hague-Visby. ......................................................................................................... 31
Cu 29: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha theo
Quy tc Hamburg. ............................................................................................................... 33
Cu 30: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng
bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v thi hn trch
nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut . .......................................................... 35
Cu 31: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng
bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v c s trch
nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut . .......................................................... 36
Cu 32: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng
bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v gii hn trch
nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut . .......................................................... 38
Cu 33: Trnh by ni dung v thng bo tn tht v khiu ni ngi chuyn ch ng
bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n theo cc ngun lut quc t hin hnh
(Quy tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby, Quy tc Hamburg) ................................................. 40
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 3
Cu 34: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha vn
chuyn theo vn n theo B lut Hng hi Vit Nam 2005. ............................................... 41
Cu 35: Khi nim v c im ca tu chuyn ................................................................... 41
Cu 36: Khi nim phng thc thu tu chuyn, trnh t cc bc thu tu chuyn v
cc hnh thc thu tu chuyn .............................................................................................. 42
Cu 37: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: cng xp d, thi gian xp d, chuyn ch 1
l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi .............................................................. 43
Cu 38: Quy nh v tu ca hp ng thu tu chuyn ....................................................... 43
Cu 39: Quy nh v thi gian tu n cng xp hng ca hp ng thu tu chuyn .......... 43
Cu 40: Quy nh v hng ha ca hp ng thu tu chuyn ............................................. 44
Cu 41: Quy nh v cng xp d ca hp ng thu tu chuyn......................................... 45
Cu 42: Quy nh v chi ph xp d ca hp ng thu tu chuyn ..................................... 45
Cu 43: Quy nh v cc ph thu tu ca hp ng thu tu chuyn................................. 46
Cu 44: Trnh by iu khon quy nh v thng/pht xp d trong hp ng thu tu
chuyn. ................................................................................................................................ 47
Cu 45: Khi nim, c im, cc hnh thc thu tu nh hn v cc trng hp p
dng thu tu nh hn. ....................................................................................................... 48
Cu 46: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: thi gian xp d, thng pht xp d chuyn
ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi .................................................... 49
Cu 47: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: cc ph, lut l gii quyt tranh chp,
chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi ........................................ 49
Cu 48: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: hng ha, con tu, chuyn ch 1 l hng
10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi .......................................................................... 49
Cu 49: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: chi ph xp d, thi gian tu n cng xp hng,
chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi .................................... 50
Cu 50: Phn bit B/L hon ho v khng hon ho ............................................................ 50
Cu 51: So snh c s trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc
Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg. ............................................................ 52
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 4
Cu 52: So snh thi trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc
Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg. ............................................................ 52
Cu 53: So snh gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc
Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg. ............................................................ 52
Cu 54: So snh phng thc thu tu ch v phng thc thu tu chuyn ....................... 52
III. Chng 4. Chuyn ch hng ha XNK bng ng hng khng ........................53
Cu 55: V tr v c im ca vn ti hng khng. ............................................................. 53
Cu 56: Trnh by c s vt cht k thut ca vn ti hng khng. ...................................... 54
Cu 57: Cc t chc vn ti hng khng quc t v Vit Nam. ............................................ 55
Cu 58: Trnh by c s php l iu chnh vn ti hng khng trn th gii v Vit
Nam. ................................................................................................................................... 56
Cu 59: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng theo cc ngun lut
iu chnh vn ti hng khng quc t. ................................................................................ 57
Cu 60: Trnh by vn khiu ni v kin tng ngi chuyn ch hng khng theo
cc ngun lut iu chnh vn ti hng khng. ..................................................................... 59
Cu 61: Vn n hng khng l g? Nu cc loi vn n hng khng v trng hp s
dng chng. Trnh by cch lp v phn phi vn n hng khng. .................................... 60
Cu 62: Cc chc nng ca AWB........................................................................................ 62
Cu 63: Cc hng khng l g? Trnh by cc loi cc hng khng. ................................ 62
IV. Chng 6. Vn chuyn hng ha XNK bng container ........................................63
Cu 64: Li ch ca vic vn chuyn hng ha bng container (i vi ngi chuyn
ch, gom hng, ngi gi hng) .......................................................................................... 63
Cu 65: Container l g? Container c tiu chun ha nh th no? Phn loi
container.............................................................................................................................. 64
Cu 66: Cc cng c chuyn ch container v cng, ga, bn bi container. ......................... 66
Cu 67: Phng thc gi hng nguyn container FCL/FCL ................................................ 68
Cu 68: Phng thc gi hng l container LCL/LCL ......................................................... 69
Cu 69: Phng thc gi hng kt hp FCL/LCL & LCL/FCL ........................................... 70
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 5
Cu 70: Khi nim cc ph vn chuyn container, cc b phn cu thnh v cc yu t
nh hng ........................................................................................................................... 70
Cu 71: Chng t trong vn chuyn hng ha bng container? Phn loi v chc nng? ..... 71
Cu 72: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch container i vi hng ha ............... 72
Cu 73: Dch v gom hng l g v li ch ca n? Trch nhim v vai tr ca ca
ngi gom hng .................................................................................................................. 73
Cu 74: Dch v gom hng l g? Cc bc trong nghip v gom hng. .............................. 74
Cu 75: Phn bit Master B/L v House B/L ....................................................................... 74
Cu 76: Ti sao khi gi hng bng container nn thay cc iu kin Incoterms CIF,
FOB, CFR bng cc iu kin CIP, FCA, CPT .................................................................... 74
Cu 77: Nhc im ca h thng vn ti container ............................................................ 75
V. Chng 7. Vn chuyn hng ha XNK bng vn ti a phng thc ..................75
Cu 78: nh ngha v c im VTPT ............................................................................ 75
Cu 79: Cc hnh thc t chc VTPT ............................................................................... 75
Cu 80: Vn ti a phng thc l g? Hiu qu ca VTPT .............................................. 76
Cu 81: Nu cc ngun lut iu chnh vn ti a phng thc trn th gii v Vit
Nam. ................................................................................................................................... 77
Cu 82: nh ngha v phn loi MTO ................................................................................ 77
Cu 83: Ch trch nhim thng nht l g? Phn bit ch trch nhim thng nht
v ch trch nhim tng chng........................................................................................ 78
Cu 84: Quy nh thi hn trch nhim ca MTO ............................................................... 78
Cu 85: Quy nh c s trch nhim ca MTO .................................................................... 78
Cu 86: Quy nh gii hn trch nhim ca MTO ............................................................... 79
Cu 87: So snh trch nhim ca MTO theo 3 ngun lut iu chnh VTPT: C 1980
ca Lin Hp Quc, Bn Quy tc UNTACD/ICC v N 87/2009/N-CP. ......................... 80
Cu 88: Quy nh v thng bo tn tht v khiu ni ngi kinh doanh vn ti a
phng thc ........................................................................................................................ 80
Cu 89: nh ngha, cc loi chng t vn ti a phng thc ........................................... 81
Cu 90: u nhc im ca VTPT ................................................................................... 82
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 6
VI. Chng 8. Giao nhn hng ha XNK ....................................................................82
Cu 91: Khi nim giao nhn v ngi giao nhn ................................................................ 82
Cu 92: Phm vi ca dch v giao nhn ............................................................................... 83
Cu 93: Vai tr ca ngi giao nhn ................................................................................... 84
Cu 94: C s php l giao nhn hng ha XNK ................................................................. 84
Cu 95: Nguyn tc giao nhn hng ha XNK..................................................................... 85
Cu 96: Quy trnh giao hng XK ......................................................................................... 85
Cu 97: Quy trnh nhn hng NK ........................................................................................ 88
VII. Cc cu hi ph .....................................................................................................90
Cu 1. Cc sn bay quc t Vit Nam? ............................................................................. 90
Cu 2. Cc cng hng khng quc t ca Vit Nam? ........................................................... 90
Cu 3. Cc cm cng bin Vit Nam? .............................................................................. 90
Cu 4. Vit Nam tham gia cng c bu tri no? ............................................................... 91
Mt s cu hi ph khc: ..................................................................................................... 91
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 7
B CU HI THI VN P
MN: VN TI V GIAO NHN TRONG NGOI THNG
I. Chng 1. Vn ti v mua bn quc t
Cu 1: Ti sao vn ti l ngnh sn xut vt cht c bit?
Tr li:
- Vn ti l ngnh sn xut vt cht v c s kt hp ca 3 yu t to nn sn phm mi:
sc lao ng (con ngi), cng c lao ng v i tng lao ng. Con ngi bng cng
c lao ng (phng tin vn chuyn) tc ng vo i tng lao ng (i tng vn
chuyn hnh khch, hng ha) to ra sn phm mi (s di chuyn v tr trong khng
gian).
- Vn ti l ngnh sn xut vt cht c bit v:
+ Qu trnh vn ti khng lm thay i tnh cht l ha ca i tng vn chuyn, ch lm
thay i v tr i tng vn chuyn;
+ Qu trnh sn xut v tiu th sn phm gn lin vi nhau, khng tch ri nhau;
+ Sn phm vn ti khng c hnh dng, kch thc, trng lng nhng c tnh vt cht v
mang hai thuc tnh gi tr - cc ph vn ti v gi tr s dng.
Cu 2: Trnh by phn loi vn ti
Tr li:
1. Cn c phm vi phc v:
- Vn ti cng cng: phc v nhu cu vn chuyn hnh khch, hng ha ton x hi, l
mt b phn cu thnh nn kinh t quc dn, to ra sn phm x hi v thu nhp quc
dn. V d: xe khch.
- Vn ti ni b: phc v nhu cu vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, sn phm, bn thnh
phm, ni b c quan, x nghip; l mt b phn khng th tch ri ca hot ng sn
xut kinh doanh; c tnh vo gi thnh, l mt b phn cu thnh gi c sn xut. V
d: xe a n CBCNVC.
2. Cn c phm vi hot ng:
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 8
- Vn ti ni a: qu trnh vn chuyn nm trong phm vi bin gii mt quc gia.
- Vn ti quc t: hnh thc vn chuyn hng ha vt ra khi phm vi bin gii mt quc
gia, c ngha l im u v im cui ca qu trnh vn ti nm trn hai lnh th khc
nhau.
+ Vn ti trc tip: gia hai quc gia c chung bin gii hoc s dng vng bin quc t.
+ Vn ti qu cnh: s dng lnh th ca mt hoc nhiu nc th ba.
3. Cn c mi trng hot ng:
- Vn ti ng b: ng st v t
+ Vn ti bng t: c ng, linh hot, hot ng trn mi a hnh; nng lc vn chuyn
hn ch.
+ Vn ti ng st: hot ng quanh nm, t chu nh hng ca thi tit; nng lc vn
chuyn ln; km linh hot, c ng => vn chuyn chng chnh, kt hp vi cc phng
thc khc.
- Vn ti ng thy: ch yu ng bin.
- Vn ti ng khng: ch yu my bay.
- Vn ti ng ng: phng thc vn ti r nht, p dng cho vn ti du, nc, cc sn
phm lin quan n du, kh t,
4. Cn c i tng vn chuyn:
- Hnh khch
- Hng ha
- Hn hp
5. Cn c khong cch vn chuyn:
- Vn chuyn ng gn: trong cng khu vc. VD: Vit Nam v cc nc chu , ngc
li.
- Vn chuyn ng xa: VD: Vit Nam v cc nc EU, M.
6. Cn c cch t chc vn chuyn:
- n phng thc: vn chuyn bng 1 phng thc duy nht (khng phi 1 phng tin
duy nht).
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 9
- a phng thc: hay cn gi l vn ti lin hp vn chuyn bng nhiu phng thc
trn c s 1 hp ng vn chuyn, mt chng t vn chuyn, mt ngi ph trch c
hnh trnh.
- t on: vn chuyn bng nhiu phng thc trn c s nhiu hp ng vn chuyn,
nhiu chng t vn chuyn, nhiu ngi ph trch chng ring ca mnh.
- Vn ti hng nguyn: nhu cu vn chuyn ln, hng xp nguyn toa, nguyn container,
nguyn tu,
- Vn ti hng l: xp chung vi hng ha ca ch hng khc trn phng tin vn ti,
nhu cu vn chuyn khng ln lm.
Cu 3: Tc dng ca vn ti
Tr li:
* Tc dng chung:
- Vn ti lm di chuyn v tr hnh khch, hng ha trong khng gian;
- Vn ti gp phn tiu th hng ha ca cc ngnh khc
- Vn ti gp phn thng sut qu trnh lu thng hng ha, lm lin tc qu trnh sn
xut trong lu thng.
* Tc dng vi mua bn quc t:
- Gp phn m rng, pht trin mua bn quc t
- Gp phn thay i c cu hng ha, c cu th trng
- Lm thay i cn cn thanh ton quc t: s dng ngoi t; XK sn phm vn ti ln th
cn cn c ci thin, NK ln th cn cn thay i tiu cc.
- nh hng ti hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh XNK: chi ph vn ti (60-70% cc ph)
cu thnh nn gi c hng ha => nh hng ti mua bn quc t.
Cu 4: nh ngha v c im ca vn ti
Tr li:
1. nh ngha:
- Theo ngha rng: Vn ti l quy trnh k thut nhm di chuyn v tr ca con ngi v
vt phm trong khng gian p ng mt nhu cu no .
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 10
- Theo ngha hp: Vn ti l s di chuyn v tr ca hnh khch v hng ha trong khng
gian nhm t c mc ch nht nh, ng thi tha mn hai tnh cht:
+ L hot ng sn xut vt cht: to ra sn phm x hi v thu nhp quc dn
+ L hot ng kinh t ring bit: l b phn cu thnh nn kinh t quc dn.
2. c im ca vn ti:
- Vn ti l mt ngnh sn xut vt cht ca x hi
- Vn ti l mt ngnh sn xut vt cht c bit ca x hi
(xem li cu 1).
Cu 5: Phn tch mi quan h gia vn ti v bun bn quc t
Tr li:
Vn ti v mua bn quc t c mi quan h hu c vi nhau:
- Vn ti l b phn khng th tch ri vi mua bn quc t:
+ Mua bn quc t: thay i quyn s hu
+ Vn ti: di chuyn quyn s hu. Nu khng c vn ti, mua bn quc t khng th
hon thnh.
- Vn ti v mua bn quc t tc ng qua li, thc y nhau cng pht trin:
+ Vn ti l tin cho mua bn quc t ra i v pht trin
+ Mua bn quc t pht trin lm tng nhu cu vn chuyn, thc y vn ti ng dng
KHKT, nng cao nng lc vn chuyn
+ Vn ti pht trin li thc y mua bn quc t pht trin.
Cu 6: Quyn vn ti l g? Trnh by c s phn chia quyn vn ti trong ngoi
thng?
Tr li:
- Quyn vn ti l quyn t chc vn chuyn hng ha t ni gi hng (bn bn) ti ni
nhn hng cui cng (bn mua) theo quy nh trong hp ng mua bn. Quyn vn ti th
hin qua vic k kt hp ng vn ti v thanh ton cc ph trc tip.
- C s phn chia quyn vn ti: da vo iu kin c s giao hng theo Incoterms c
quy nh trong hp ng mua bn:
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 11
+ Ngi bn ginh c quyn vn ti: CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, DAF, DEQ, DES, DDU,
DDP.
+ Ngi mua ginh c quyn vn ti: EXW, FCA, FAS, FOB.
Cu 7: Cc iu kin c s giao hng m ngi bn ginh c quyn vn ti theo
Incoterms 2000
Tr li:
Cc iu kin c s giao hng nhm C v D:
- CFR (cost, freight tin hng, cc ph)
- CIF (cost, insurance, freight tin hng, bo him, cc ph)
- CPT (carraige paid to cc ph tr ti)
- CIP (carraige, insurance paid to cc ph, bo him tr ti)
- DAF (Delivery at frontier Giao ti bin gii)
- DES (Delivery ex ship Giao ti tu)
- DEQ (Delivery ex quay Giao ti cu tu)
- DDU (Delivery Duty Unpaid Giao hng thu cha tr)
- DDP (Delivery Duty Paid Giao hng thu tr).
Incoterms 2010: Nhm C & Nhm D (DAT, DAP, DDP).
Cu 8: Cc iu kin c s giao hng m ngi mua ginh c quyn vn ti theo
Incoterms 2000
Tr li:
Cc iu kin nhm E v F:
- EXW (Ex works Giao ti xng)
- FAS (Free alongside ship Giao dc mn tu)
- FCA (Free Carrier Giao cho ngi chuyn ch)
- FOB (Free on board Giao hng ln tu)
Cu 9: Phn tch nhng li ch khi ginh c quyn vn ti
Tr li:
- Nu hp ng khng quy nh c th, ch ng hon ton trong t chc vn chuyn nh
chn phng tin, hnh trnh, ngi vn chuyn c li nht cho mnh. iu ny cng t
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 12
c phng n ti u trong vn chuyn: p ng nhu cu, vn chuyn an ton vi hnh
trnh ngn nht, chi ph r nht.
- Thc y s pht trin ca phng tin vn ti v cc ngnh dch v trong nc c lin
quan, khng cn thu nc ngoi
- Tng thu gim chi ngoi t. VD: xut theo CIF, CIP, DES, DEQ s tng thu ngoi t,
trong khi nhp FOB, FAS, FCA, EXW lm gim chi ngoi t
- Nu hp ng khng quy nh c th chnh xc ngy giao hng, ch ng trong vn
chuyn. Ngi bn gom hng s thu tu, ngi mua thu c tu s iu tu i nhn
hng.
- Ch ng trong m phn, k kt hp ng vn ti
- C ngha trong qu trnh hi nhp quc t: nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ngnh vn ti
trong nc, tham gia phn cng lao ng quc t.
Cu 10: Phn tch nhng trng hp khng nn ginh quyn vn ti
- Khng am hiu v th trng vn ti
- Xt thy vic thu phng tin vn ti l kh khn
- Cc ph vn ti d on s tng mnh so vi thi im k kt hp ng mua bn
- Th trng thuc v i tc trn bn m phn: cn mua gp hoc bn gp
- Quy nh ca php lut v tp qun thng mi
- Chnh lch gia gi c cc v khng cc nh hn chi ph vn ti vi ngi mua v
ln hn chi ph vn ti vi ngi bn.
II. Chng 2. Vn chuyn hng ha XNK bng ng bin
Cu 11: u nhc im ca vn ti bin?
Tr li:
1. u im:
- Cc tuyn ng vn ti bin hu ht l tuyn ng giao thng t nhin: khng phi
u t nhiu vn, nhn lc xy dng, bo qun => mt nguyn nhn lm gi thnh
thp.
- Nng lc vn chuyn ln:
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 13
+ Trng ti ln. VD: t l 50 60MT, ng st l 4000 6000MT, my bay l
250MT. Max ca VT bin l Knock Nevis 647.000MT.
+ Cng tuyn ng, cng mt lc i c hai chiu, nhiu tu.
- Gi thnh thp: bng 1/10 hng khng v 1/5 ng b.
+ Nguyn nhn: trng ti ln, c ly di, nng lc vn chuyn ngy mt tng, nng sut lao
ng cao.
- Thch hp chuyn ch hu ht cc loi hng ha trong mua bn quc t:
+ Hng cng knh, khi lng ln
+ Gi tr khng cao
+ Khng i hi giao nhanh
2. Nhc im:
- Chu nh hng ca cc iu kin t nhin: bo bin, iu kin thy vn.
- Tc vn chuyn chm: 16-20 hi l/h = 30-40km/h, max l 35 hi l/h
- Khng thch hp vi nhng hng:
+ Gi tr ln
+ Cn giao nhanh
+ Mau h hng
Cu 12: Vai tr ca vn ti bin i vi bun bn quc t
Tr li:
Vai tr ca vn ti bin vi bun bn quc t:
1. Vn ti bin l yu t khng th tch ri vi bun bn quc t
- Qu trnh XNK hon thnh nh vn ti, 80% lng hng bun bn quc t c chuyn
ch bng ng bin.
2. Vn ti bin thc y bun bn quc t pht trin
Q = (P1 x P2)/L
P1: Tim nng kinh t nc th 1
P2: Tim nng kinh t nc th 2
L: Khong cch gia hai nc (khng gian, thi gian, kinh t)
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 14
Xt v khong cch kinh t, vn ti cng pht trin, cc ph cng r, L cng nh =>
lng hng xut nhp khu cng tng.
3. Vn ti bin pht trin gp phn thay i c cu hng ha, c cu th trng
- Trc y, thng XNK thnh phm, bn thnh phm. By gi, XNK c nguyn liu,
du th, cc cht lng, hng ri nhiu hn.
- Th trng xa xi hn cng tng ln.
4. Vn ti bin nh hng ti cn cn thanh ton quc t
- Ty thuc xut khu hay nhp khu sn phm vn ti nhiu m nh hng tch cc hoc
tiu cc ti cn cn thanh ton quc t.
Cu 13: Nu khi nim cng bin, chc nng cng bin, cc trang thit b c bn ca
mt cng bin
Tr li:
1. Cng bin l ni tu bin ra vo, neo u; phc v tu v phc v hng ha; u mi
giao thng quan trng ca cc quc gia c cng.
2. Chc nng cng bin:
- Phc v tu: chc nng u tin, phc v tu ra vo, neo u, v sinh, sa cha tu,
=> hot ng vt phm vi cng m trn phm vi thnh ph cng. VD: Hi Phng.
- Phc v hng ha: phc v xp d hng ha (quan trng nht), sa cha, k k m hiu,
bo qun,
3. Nhim v cng bin Vit Nam (bonus):
- Xy dng k hoch quy hoch trong phm vi trch nhim
- Phi hp hot ng vi cc c quan khc qun l cng
- Yu cu c quan hu quan cung cp thng tin qun l cng
- Phi hp tm kim cu nn v khc phc s c mi trng
- Gim st vic tun th quy nh php lut cng
- Cp giy php ra vo cng, thc hin yu cu bt gi, tm gi tu.
4. Cc trang thit b ca cng bin:
- Nhm trang thit b phc v tu ra vo, ch i xp hng: cu cng, tn hiu, phao
tiu,
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 15
- Nhm trang thit b phc v xp d: yu t k thut quan trng nht cho bit nng sut
xp d, kh nng thng qua tu v hng ha ca cng.
- Nhm trang thit b kho bi v bo qun: h thng thit b, din tch kho bi, cho thy
kh nng phc v hot ng kinh doanh cng
- H thng giao thng ca cng v cu ni vi hu phng
- Cc thit b ni trn mt nc: cu ni, phao ni, cn cu ni,
- Nhm thit b khc: thng tin lin lc, nh sng, cung cp nc, phng lm vic,
5. Cc ch tiu hot ng ca cng:
- S lng tu / tng trng ti ton phn / tng dung tch ng k ra vo cng trong
mt nm: cho bit ln ca cng.
- S lng tu c th b d cng mt lc: cng c bao nhiu cu tu, mi cu tu di
bao nhiu.
- Khi lng hng ha bc d trong mt nm
- Mc xp d ca cng: nng sut, quy trnh xp d, t l c gii ha trong xp d.
- Kh nng cha hng ca kho bi
- Lut l, tp quans, ph v gi c dch v cng.
Cu 14: Khi nim tu bun v cc cch phn loi tu bun
Tr li:
1. Theo Vin kinh t Hng hi v Logistic: Tu bun l tu bin dng ch ngi v
ch khch v mc ch thng mi.
2. Phn loi tu bun:
2.1. Cn c cng dng ca tu:
- Tu ch hng kh: hng rn c hoc khng c bao b, hng lng c bao b.
+ Tu ch hng bch ha
+ Tu container
+ Tu ch hng kh khi lng ln
+ Tu ch x lan
+ Tu ch hng hn hp
- Tu ch hng lng (Tankers): hng lng khng bao b
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 16
+ Tu ch du
+ Tu ch cht lng khc
+ Tu ch kh t thin nhin
+ Tu ch du kh ha lng
- Tu ch hng c bit: hng cn bc d, bo qun c bit
+ Tu ch hng ng lanh
+ Tu ch hoa qu ti
+ Tu ch sc vt sng
2.2. Cn c c tu:
- Tu nh: trng ti v dung tch nh nhng phi trn 100GRT hoc 300DWT.
- Tu trung bnh: trng ti di 200.000DWT, dng ch hng ri, hng bch ha.
- Tu rt ln (VLCC Very large crude carrier): tu c trng ti t 200.000 n
350.000DWT, dng ch du.
- Tu cc ln (ULCC): c trng ti t 350.000DWT tr ln, dng ch du th.
2.3. Cn c c tu:
- Tu treo c thng
- Tu treo c phng tin
2.4. Cn c tui tu:
- Tu tr: 1-5t
- Tu TB: 5-10t
- Tu gi: 10-15t
- Tu rt gi: 15-20t
2.5. Cn c phm vi kinh doanh:
- Tu chy vng bin gn
- Tu chy vng bin xa
2.6. Cn c phng thc kinh doanh
- Tu nh tuyn tu ch
- Tu chy rng
2.7. Cn c ng c tu:
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 17
- Tu chy ng c diezen
- Tu chy ng c hi nc
Cu 15: c trng kinh t k thut tu bun
Tr li:
12 c trng kinh t k thut ca tu bun: tn tu, cng ng k, c tu, ch tu, kch
thc, mn nc, trng lng, trng ti, dung tch ng k, dung tch cha hng, cp
hng ca tu, h s xp hng.
1. Tn tu Ships name:
- Danh t hoc k hiu gi tn tu do ch tu t ra, c c quan ng kim chp
nhn.
- Thng xut hin trong cc vn n, hp ng vn chuyn, chng t bo him, t khi
xut hin trong hp ng mua bn.
- ngha: dng qun l, giao hng, nhn hng, cn c xc nh ngi chuyn ch c
hon thnh ngha v hay khng.
2. Cng ng k ca tu (Port of registry):
- C th l hoc khng l cng thuc nc s hu con tu
- ng k nc no th mang quc tch nc .
3. C tu (Flag): c quc tch ca tu
- C phng tin
- C thng
4. Ch tu (Shipowner):
- C th l hoc khng l ngi chuyn ch.
5. Kch thc ca tu (Dimensions of ship):
- Chiu di ca tu (Length over all): khong cch thng gc gia hai im di nht ca
tu.
- Chiu rng ca tu (Breadth Extreme): Khong cch thng gc gia hai im rng nht
ca tu.
- ngha: cho bit tu c kh nng cp cng, qua knh o, vt tu trc, hay khng.
6. Mn nc ca tu (Draught, Draft):
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 18
- L chiu cao thng gc t y tu ln mt nc, tnh bng feet hoc m, thay i ty
lng hng ha xp trn tu, vng bin kinh doanh v ma kinh doanh.
- Gm mn nc cu to v mn nc ti a.
- ngha: cho bit kh nng cp cng, qua knh o, cn hng trn tu (da vo mn
nc bit c s hng trn tu).
7. Trng lng ca tu (Displacement Tonnage):
- L trng lng ca nc m phn chm ca tu chim ch, tnh bng tn di (long ton).
D = M/35
D: Trng lng ca tu
M: Th tch ca nc b tu chim ch, tnh bng feet.
- Gm 2 loi:
+ Trng lng tu khng hng Light Displacement: l trng lng nh nht ca tu,
gm trng lng v tu, my mc thit b trn tu, nc trong ni hi, thuyn vin v
hnh l ca h.
+ Trng lng tu y hng Heavy Displacement: gm trng lng tu khng hng v
trng lng hng ha thng mi, vt phm cn thit cho chuyn i m tu c th ch
c mn nc ti a.
HD = LD + Hng ha + Vt phm.
8. Trng ti ca tu (Dead weight tonnage DWT = Carrying Capacity):
- Sc ch ca tu mn nc ti a, tnh bng tn di (Long ton).
- Gm hai loi:
+ Trng ti ton phn (Deadweight capacity DWC): bng trng lng tu y hng tr
trng lng tu khng hng, hay chnh l trng lng ca hng ha thng mi v vt
phm cn cho chuyn i m tu c th ch c mn nc ti a.
+ Trng ti tnh (Deadweight Cargo Capacity DWCC): bng trng ti ton phn tr i
trng lng vt phm, hay chnh l trng lng ca hng ha thng mi, thay i ph
thuc trng lng vt phm cn thit cho chuyn i.
=> DWC = 20 25% HD l c inh
DWCC = 15 20% HD c th thay i, bng cch thay i trng lng vt phm.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 19
=> Ti u ha DWCC bng cch gim trng lng vt phm, qua cch cung ng vt
phm theo tng chng.
9. Dung tch ng k ca tu (Register Tonnage):
- L tng th tch cc khoang trng khp kn trn tu, tnh bng tn ng k, mt khi
hoc cubic feet. (1RT=2.83m3=100c.ft).
- C hai loi:
+ Dung tch ng k ton phn (GRT): tng dung tch ca cc khoang trng khp kn tnh
t boong trn cng tr xung. Dng qun l, ng k xc nh bin ch tu v lng
s quan, thy th.
+ Dung tch ng k tnh (NRT): tng dung tch khoang trng khp kn cha hng. Dng
tnh ph cng, thu, ph hoa tiu,
10. Dung tch cha hng ca tu (Cargo Space):
- Kh nng xp cc loi hng ha khc nhau vo hm tu ca con tu , tnh bng c.ft
hoc m3.
- C hai loi:
+ Dung tch cha hng ri (Grain Space) = d . r . c
+ Dung tch cha hng bao kin (Bale Space)
- Dung tch cha hng ri bao gi cng ln hn dung tch cha hng bao kin v hng ri
tn dng c ht th tch hm tu.
11. Cp hng ca tu (Class of ship):
- Vi nhng tu t 100GRT tr ln, c quan ng kim s gim st qu trnh ng tu v
cp chng ch ni r kh nng i bin ca tu. Chng ch cht lng tu l cp hng
ca tu.
- Cp hng cao nht: A1.
12. H s xp hng:
- H s xp hng ca tu (Coefficience of Loading): cho bit mt tn trng ti tnh ca tu
tng ng vi bao nhiu n v dung tch cha hng ca tu:
CL = CS/DWCC
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 20
- H s xp hng ca hng (Stowage Factor): cho bit mt tn hng khi xp chim bao
nhiu n v th tch hm tu:
SF = V/D (V: th tch, D: trng lng hng)
- ngha: tm ra phng n xp hng ti u, tn dng c ht trng ti v th tch tu:
X1 + X2 + + Xn = DWCC
X1 . SF1 + X2 . SF2 + + Xn. SFn = CS
Cu 16: Mn nc ca tu: khi nim v ngha?
Tr li:
1. Mn nc ca tu l chiu cao thng gc t y tu ln mt nc, c tnh bng feet
hoc m, khc nhau ty thuc lng hng ha trn tu, vng bin kinh doanh v ma kinh
doanh.
- Mn nc ca tu c chia ra:
+ Mn nc ti thiu/cu to (Light draught): chiu cao thng gc t y tu ln mt
nc khi tu khng ch hng.
+ Mn nc ti a (Loaded Draught): chiu cao thng gc t y tu ln mt nc khi tu
ch y hng v an ton.
2. ngha: cho bit kh nng cp cng, qua knh o v cn hng trn tu.
3. Vch xp hng Plimsoll: c xy dng da trn mn nc ca tu, vng kinh doanh,
ma kinh doanh. Do tu phi di chuyn vo cc vng khc nhau nn da vo vch xp
hng ny xp hng sao cho mn nc ti a ca tu khng ln hn mn nc ca cc
vng bin i qua.
4. Mn nc ca cc cng Vit Nam:
- Cng nc ngt nn mn nc thp: Ci Ln l 15m, Hi Phng l 6-9m
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 21
- Thng phi lng hng.
Cu 17: C tu l g? ngha ca vic cm c thng v cm c phng tin
Tr li :
* C tu l c quc tch ca tu. Tu ng k nc no th mang quc tch v treo c
nc . C tu gm 2 loi :
+ C thng (Conventional flag): c quc tch ca nc s hu tu.
+ C phng tin (Flag of convenience): tu ng k v treo c ca nc khc nc s
hu con tu.
* ngha ca vic cm c:
- C thng: qun l s lng tu thc ca nc s hu.
- C phng tin: trnh th ch (treo c nc trung lp) v c hng u i v thu,
ph vn ti (treo c nc ang v km pht trin). Cc nc cho thu c phng tin th
thu c ph v s dng c ngun nhn lc tha ca nc mnh.
Cu 18: Khi nim v ngha ca h s xp hng ca hng v h s xp hng ca
tu
Tr li :
- H s xp hng ca hng l t l gia th tch ca hng ha v trng lng ca hng ha
khi c xp ln tu, cho bit mt tn hng chim bao nhiu n v th tch trong hm
tu.
Stowage factor = V/D (V : th tch hng, D: trng lng hng)
- H s xp hng ca tu l t l gia dung tch cha hng ca tu vi trng ti tnh ca
tu, cho bit mt tn trng ti tnh ca tu tng ng bao nhiu n v dung tch cha
hng.
Coefficience of loading = CS/DWCC
- H s xp hng ca hng cng nh th hng cng nng (
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 22
X1.SF1 + X2.SF2 + + Xn.SFn = CS
X: trng lng cc mt hng
SF: h s xp hng ca mt hng tng ng
Cu 19: Khi nim, c im v phng thc thu tu ch
Tr li:
1. Khi nim tu ch: l tu chy thng xuyn trn tuyn ng nht nh, gh qua
nhng cng nht nh, theo mt lch trnh nh sn.
2. c im tu ch:
- Lch trnh c cng b trn phng tin thng tin i chng phc v khch hng.
- Chng t iu chnh cc quan h ca tu ch l vn n
- Cc iu kin vn chuyn c in sn trn vn n; ngi thu tu khng th sa cha,
b sung nhng iu kin ny
- Mc cc ph nh sn ch tu a ra cng b trn biu cc
- Tu chy tc nhanh, thng ch hng bch ha khi lng nh
- Khng quy nh mc xp d, thng pht xp d v l trch nhim ngi chuyn ch
v tu ch li cng mt s ngy quy nh ri li quay ra.
3. Khi nim phng thc thu tu ch: thu tu ch hay lu cc tu ch l vic ch
hng lin lc vi ch tu hoc i l ch tu yu cu c thu mt phn tu chuyn
ch hng ha t ni ny n ni khc.
Cu 20: Trnh by khi nim ca phng thc thu tu ch v trnh t cc bc
thu tu.
Tr li :
1. Khi nim phng thc thu tu ch: thu tu ch hay lu cc tu ch l vic ch
hng lin lc vi ch tu hoc i l ch tu yu cu c thu mt phn tu chuyn
ch hng ha t ni ny n ni khc.
2. Trnh t cc bc thu tu ch :
B1: Ch hng nh ngi mi gii tm hi tu vn chuyn hng ha
B2: Ngi mi gii cho tu, hi tu bng cch gi giy lu cc tu ch cho ch tu.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 23
B3: Ngi mi gii v ch tu m phn mt s iu khon ch yu trong xp d, vn
chuyn: tn hng, s lng, cng xp, cng d, chng t cung cp.
B4: Ngi mi gii thng bo kt qu lu cc cho ch hng.
B5: Ch hng n lch tu, sp xp vn chuyn hng ha ra cng giao cho tu.
B6: Sau khi hng ha c xp ln tu, ngi chuyn ch cp vn n/chng t vn ti
theo yu cu ca ch hng.
Cu 21: Khi nim v cc chc nng vn n ng bin
Tr li:
1. Vn n ng bin l chng t chuyn ch do ngi chuyn ch hoc i din ngi
chuyn ch cp cho ngi gi hng sau khi xp hng ln tu hoc nhn hng
xp.
2. Cc chc nng ca vn n ng bin:
Vn n ng bin c ba chc nng sau:
- L bng chng xc nhn mt hp ng chuyn ch hng ha bng ng bin c
k kt.
+ L bng chng v trong phng thc thu tu ch khng c hp ng, ch c vn n
iu chnh quan h chuyn ch, trong thu tu chuyn, sau khi k hp ng, giao hng
cng c cp B/L. Khi , vn n cng l bng chng hp ng c k kt.
+ Khng l hp ng v n c lp vi hp ng. B/L in sn cc iu kin chuyn ch,
khng c s m phn tha thun nn trong phng thc thu tu ch, n khng c coi
l hp ng. Trong thu tu chuyn, hp ng s iu chnh quan h gia ngi thu tu
v ngi cho thu tu, trong khi B/L iu chnh quan h gia ngi cp v ngi cm vn
n. c bit bn CIF, CFR, hai quan h ny chc chn khc bit nn B/L khng l hp
ng.
- L bin lai nhn hng ch v bin lai giao hng:
+ Sau khi nhn hng ch hoc xp hng ln tu, B/L mi c cp.
+ Ngi chuyn ch s giao hng cho ngi u tin cm vn n hp php cng n,
sau thu li vn n gc. Khi , ngi chuyn ch hon thnh ngha v ca mnh.
V vy, B/L cng l bin lai giao hng.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 24
- Giy chng nhn quyn s hu hng ha ghi trn vn n.
+ Hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin lu, gi c bin ng => c th bn hng bng
cch chuyn nhng vn n.
+ Bt c ai cm gi vn n hp php cng l ch s hu ca hng ha ghi trn vn n.
=> B/L c ngi bn s dng chng minh hon thnh ngha v giao hng, ngi
chuyn ch chng minh hon thnh ngha v chuyn ch, ngi mua nhn c hng.
Trong mua bn, B/L c mua bn nh mua bn hng ha. Trn lnh vc khc, l chng
t quan trng trong b h s khiu ni, kin tng.
Cu 22: Phn bit gia vn n xp hng ln tu v vn n nhn hng xp.
Tr li :
Shipped on board B/L Recieved for shipment B/L
c pht hnh sau khi hng ha c
xp ln tu
c pht hnh sau khi hng ha c giao
cho ngi chuyn ch, ngi chuyn ch cam
kt s xp hng v chuyn ch hng ha bng
ng con tu khi trn vn n. p dng khi :
+ giao hng cho ngi chuyn ch nhng
tu cha n hoc tu cha sn sng xp hng
+ S dng nhiu ngi trung gian: ngi gom
hng, ngi gia nhn
+ Giao hng t kho n kho
C ng du ch: On board, Shipped,
Shipped on board
C gi tr chng c ln chng t ngi
bn hon thnh ngha v giao hng
theo hp ng mua bn, c bit FOB,
CIF, CFR
Ngi bn c th b coi cha hon thnh ngha
v giao hng theo hp ng mua bn, c bit
trong FOB, CIF, CFR
Nu khng c quy inh thm, s c
chp nhn thanh ton
Nu khng c quy nh thm, s b t chi
thanh ton
=> Bonus: Gii quyt vi vn n nhn hng xp:
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 25
- Ch xp hng ri ly xc nhn ca thuyn trng
- Nu khng th giao c hng ln tu th thay i iu kin c s giao hng trong hp
ng mua bn: FOB -> FAS, CIF -> CIP, CFR -> CPT.
Cu 23: Phn bit vn n ch danh, vn n theo lnh, vn n v danh.
Tr li :
Vn n ch danh
(Straight B/L)
Vn n theo lnh
(B/L to order of)
Vn n v danh
(B/L to the bearer)
nh ngha
L vn n trn
ghi r tn v a ch
ngi nhn hng
- L vn n trn
khng ghi tn ngi
nhn m ghi theo
lnh, hoc ghi tn
ngi nhn nhng
vn ghi hoc theo
lnh
L vn n khng
ghi tn ngi nhn
(ko ghi g), hoc ghi
r l v danh (In
blank, to the bearer),
theo lnh trng
(to the order of)
hoc k hu chuyn
nhng nhng
khng ghi ngi
hng li tip theo
u im Khng b mt hng
nu mt B/L
- c s dng ph
bin
- C th chuyn
nhng bng cch
k hu thng thng
D dng mua bn
(chuyn nhng vn
n bng cch trao
tay)
Nhc im
Khng thc y
bun bn pht trin
v khng chuyn
nhng c B/L
theo cch thng
Ri ro cao
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 26
thng
Lu
- Vn ti hng ha
phi thng mi
- Hng ha thng
mi gia c nhn
c nhn hoc cng
ty m vi cng ty
con
- i vi vn n
theo lnh trng,
tp qun thng mi
coi l theo lnh
ngi gi nhng
theo ESCAP th
l vn n v danh
=> khi lp yu cu
ngi chuyn ch
ghi r theo lnh ai
Nhiu nc, trong
c VN khng
cng nhn tnh php
l ca vn n ny
Cch nhn hng
Mang B/L cng giy
t ty thn hoc giy
gii thiu nhn
hng
- Ai nhn hng l
ty thuc ngi ra
lnh
- Ngi ra lnh ph
bin nht l ngn
hng (thanh ton
L/C ph bin, lnh
ngn hng m bo
li ch 3 bn)
Bt c ai cm trong
tay vn n u c
th nhn c hng
Cu 24: K hu chuyn nhng chng t vn ti l g ? C nhng cch k hu
chuyn nhng no ?
Tr li :
1. K hu chuyn nhng chng t vn ti l mt th tc chuyn nhng quyn s hu
hng ha ghi trn chng t t ngi ny sang ngi khc.
2. Cc cch k hu chuyn nhng:
- K hu ch danh: ngi k hu ghi r tn ngi c hng li (Deliver to). Khi
vn n theo lnh tr thnh vn n ch danh.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 27
- K hu theo lnh: ngi k hu ghi theo lnh ca ngi hng li tip theo. Qu trnh
tip din cho n ngi hng li cui cng (to the order of (only)).
- K hu v danh/ trng: k hu nhng khng ghi r ngi hng li tip theo l ai (to
the order of bearer hoc to the order of). Khi vn n tr thnh vn n v danh.
Vn n k hu trng c th dng trong mua bn hng ha trao tay vi s tr gip ca
ngn hng.
- K hu min truy i: cng ty A bn hng cho cng ty B v k hu chuyn nhng vn
n cho cng ty B. Cng ty B k hu min truy i (to the order of without
endorsement). cho cng ty C. Nu xy ra tranh chp, cng ty C khng c truy i cng
ty B m phi khiu ni cng ty A.
3. Bonus:
- V mt php l:
+ K hu xc nhn vic t b quyn s hu hng ha ghi trn vn n cho ngi c
hng li.
+ Mang tnh tru tng, v iu kin: khng cn trnh by l do, khng cn thng bo
ngi bn trc v ngi chuyn ch.
+ Xc nhn trch nhim giao ng hng ghi trn vn n cho ngi hng li.
- Quy nh k hu :
+ K bng ngn ng ca ngi hng li
+ K vo vn n gc
+ Th hin r ch chuyn nhng, k tn, ng du, giao cho ngi hng li, ng
thi cam kt t b quyn s hu hng ha.
Cu 25: Phn bit vn n i thng, vn n ch sut, vn n (chng t) vn ti
a phng thc (vn ti lin hp)
Tr li:
Vn n i thng
(Direct B/L)
Vn n ch sut
(Through B/L)
Vn n VTPT
(Multimodal transport
B/L)
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 28
nh ngha c cp khi hng ha
c chuyn ch thng t
cng bc hng n cng
xp hng, khng c
chuyn ti
c cp khi hng
ha c chuyn ch
qua nhiu chng
(nhiu tu ca nhiu
ngi chuyn ch)
nhng ch c mt
ngi chu trch
nhim trong c qu
trnh chuyn ch.
c cp khi hng ha
c chuyn ch bng
hai phng thc vn ti
khc nhau tr ln
Chuyn ti Transhipment trng c php c php
Thanh ton - Khng c chp nhn
nu chuyn ti v L/C ghi
r chuyn ti ko c
chp nhn
- Nu bt buc phi
chuyn ti, ngi chuyn
ch phi chu trch nhim
v tn tht hng ha, sau
mi xem xt xem trch
nhim thuc v ai.
iu chnh
quan h
Ch c 1 vn n iu
chnh quan h ngi thu
tu v ngi cho thu tu
- Vn n chng iu
chnh quan h gia
nhng ngi chuyn
ch vi nhau
- Vn n ch sut
iu chnh quan h
gia ngi chuyn
ch cp vn n ch
- C hai loi vn n :
vn n chng v vn
n vn ti a phng
thc
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 29
sut v ch hng
Cu 26: Trnh by v Surrendered Bill of Lading v Sea Way Bill.
Tr li:
1. Seaway bill:
- Nguyn nhn ra i:
+ Nhng chuyn hnh trnh ngn, B/L c vn chuyn lu lm hng phi lu kho bi
+ Chi ph in B/L t
+ Yu cu ng dng khoa hc k thut vo ngnh vn ti
- Chc nng: kh ging vi vn n ng bin, ch khc l khng c chc nng chuyn
nhng (Non-negotiable).
- Ni dung :
+ Mt trc: ging vn n ng bin.
+ Mt sau: khng in g hoc in mt s lu .
- im khc bit so vi B/L:
+ B/L c 3 chc nng, Seaway bill c 2 chc nng
+ B/L ko gi cng hng ha, Seaway bill gi cng hng ha
+ B/L in iu kin, Seaway bill ko in hoc in mt s lu .
+ B/L c th c theo lnh hoc v danh, S.B ch c ch danh
- Nguyn nhn cha thng dng :
+ Ngi ta cho rng B/L an ton hn
+ Tp qun
+ Khng chuyn nhng c.
2. Surrendered B/L Vn n xut trnh ti cng gi:
khc phc tnh trng vn n n chm v tit kim chi ph gi vn n gc, ngi
ta dng mt loi vn n gi l Vn n xut trnh ti cng gi (Surrendered Bill of
Lading). y l loi vn n thng thng, ch khc l khi k pht vn n, ngi vn
chuyn hoc i l tu ng thm du np vn n (surrendered) ln vn n v thu
hi vn n ng thi thng bo cho i l tu ti cng ch bit i l tr hng cho
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 30
ngi nhn m khng cn thu hi vn n gc. Vic thng bo ny thng th hin qua
hnh thc mt vn bn (in bo, email, fax) gi l tr hng ngay (Express Release).
Sau khi thu hi vn n, nu ngi giao hng c yu cu, i l tu s cp cho h mt
bn chp vn n c ghi dng ch surrendered. Ngi giao hng ch cn gi bn sao
vn n ny n ngi nhn hng l h c th nhn c hng.
Cu 27: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha
theo Quy tc Hague.
Tr li :
1. C s trch nhim: l trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch i vi h hng, mt mt
hng ha chuyn ch. Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v thit hi do mt mt,
h hng gy ra khi hng ha vn thuc trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch.
- Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch: 3 trch nhim chnh:
+ Cung cp tu kh nng i bin:
i) Tu bn chc, chu c sng gi trong iu kin thng thng, kn nc.
ii) Tu nguyn nhin vt liu, bin ch thy th y
iii) Tu phi ph hp chuyn ch hng ha.
+ Trch nhim thng mi: ngi chuyn ch phi tin hnh cn thn v thch hp xp,
dch chuyn, sp xp, chuyn ch, bo qun, coi gi, d hng chuyn ch.
+ Trch nhim cp vn n: sau khi nhn hng t ngi gi hng, ngi chuyn ch phi
cp vn n cho ngi gi hng.
- Min trch ca ngi chuyn ch:
+ Hnh vi s sut do li thuyn trng, thy th, hoa tiu, ngi lm cng cho ngi
chuyn ch trong thut i bin hoc qun tr tu (Li hng vn).
+ Chy, tr khi do li c ca ngi chuyn ch ;
+ Hnh ng chin tranh ;
+ Hnh ng th ch ;
+ Tai ha, nguy him, tai nn trn bin ;
+ Thin tai ;
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 31
+ Hng ha v tu b tm gi, kim ch bi vua cha, chnh quyn nhn dn hoc b tch
thu do lnh ca ta n ;
+ Hn ch v kim dch ;
+ nh cng, cm xng v ngng tr lao ng do bt k nguyn nhn no xy ra ton b
hay cc b ;
+ Li ca ch hng, i din hoc i l ca ch hng ;
+ Bo ng hoc bo lon ;
+ Cu hoc c cu sinh mng, ti sn trn bin ;
+ Hao ht v trng lng, khi lng v hng hc do ni t, n t v bn cht c bit
ca hng ha ;
+ Bao b khng y ;
+ K k m hiu khng y hoc sai st ;
+ S c do n t ca tu m s cn mn mt cch hp l khng th pht hin c ;
+ Li hoc s sut khng thuc trch nhim ngi chuyn ch, i l, ngi lm cng
cho ngi chuyn ch.
2. Thi hn trch nhim : khong thi gian v khng gian m ngi chuyn ch phi chu
trch nhim v mt mt, h hng hng ha.
- Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v mt mt, h hng hng ha t khi hng xp
ln tu cng i ti khi hng d khi tu ti cng n.
- Thi hn trch nhim : t mc cu ti mc cu.
3. Gii hn trch nhim : khon tin bi thng ti a m ngi chuyn ch phi bi
thng cho ch hng khi c tn tht, mt mt v hng ha trong trng hp gi tr hng
ha khng c k khai trn chng t vn ti hoc vn n.
- 100GBP/kin hoc n v hng ha nhng khng vt qu gi tr l hng.
Cu 28: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha
theo Quy tc Hague-Visby.
Tr li :
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 32
1. C s trch nhim: l trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch i vi h hng, mt mt
hng ha chuyn ch. Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v thit hi do mt mt,
h hng gy ra khi hng ha vn thuc trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch.
- Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch: 3 trch nhim chnh:
+ Cung cp tu kh nng i bin:
i) Tu bn chc, chu c sng gi trong iu kin thng thng, kn nc.
ii) Tu nguyn nhin vt liu, bin ch thy th y
iii) Tu phi ph hp chuyn ch hng ha.
+ Trch nhim thng mi: ngi chuyn ch phi tin hnh cn thn v thch hp xp,
dch chuyn, sp xp, chuyn ch, bo qun, coi gi, d hng chuyn ch.
+ Trch nhim cp vn n: sau khi nhn hng t ngi gi hng, ngi chuyn ch phi
cp vn n cho ngi gi hng.
- Min trch ca ngi chuyn ch:
+ Hnh vi s sut do li thuyn trng, thy th, hoa tiu, ngi lm cng cho ngi
chuyn ch trong thut i bin hoc qun tr tu (Li hng vn).
+ Chy, tr khi do li c ca ngi chuyn ch ;
+ Hnh ng chin tranh ;
+ Hnh ng th ch ;
+ Tai ha, nguy him, tai nn trn bin ;
+ Thin tai ;
+ Hng ha v tu b tm gi, kim ch bi vua cha, chnh quyn nhn dn hoc b tch
thu do lnh ca ta n ;
+ Hn ch v kim dch ;
+ nh cng, cm xng v ngng tr lao ng do bt k nguyn nhn no xy ra ton b
hay cc b ;
+ Li ca ch hng, i din hoc i l ca ch hng ;
+ Bo ng hoc bo lon ;
+ Cu hoc c cu sinh mng, ti sn trn bin ;
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 33
+ Hao ht v trng lng, khi lng v hng hc do ni t, n t v bn cht c bit
ca hng ha ;
+ Bao b khng y ;
+ K k m hiu khng y hoc sai st ;
+ S c do n t ca tu m s cn mn mt cch hp l khng th pht hin c ;
+ Li hoc s sut khng thuc trch nhim ngi chuyn ch, i l, ngi lm cng
cho ngi chuyn ch.
2. Thi hn trch nhim: khong thi gian v khng gian m ngi chuyn ch phi chu
trch nhim v mt mt, h hng hng ha.
- Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v mt mt, h hng hng ha t khi hng xp
ln tu cng i ti khi hng d khi tu ti cng n.
- Thi hn trch nhim: t mc cu ti mc cu.
3. Gii hn trch nhim: khon tin bi thng ti a m ngi chuyn ch phi bi
thng cho ch hng khi c tn tht, mt mt v hng ha trong trng hp gi tr hng
ha khng c k khai trn chng t vn ti hoc vn n.
- 10.000 Franc vng/kin, n v hng ha hoc 30 Franc vng/kg hng ha c b b mt
mt, h hng, ty cch tnh c li do ch hng la chn.
- Hng ha trong container:
+ n v hng ha l n v tnh cc ;
+ Nu k khai s gi, bao, kin,.. trong vn n th gi, bao, kin c coi l n v
tnh cc v bi thng theo s k khai ;
+ Nu khng k khai th c container coi nh 1 n v bi thng.
Cu 29: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha
theo Quy tc Hamburg.
Tr li:
1. C s trch nhim:
- Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v thit hi do mt mt, h hng v chm giao
hng khi hng ha cn thuc trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 34
+ Hng ha c coi l chm giao nu khng c giao ti cng n quy nh trong hp
ng vn chuyn trong thi gian tha thun r rng hoc nu khng tha thun thi
gian nh vy th l trong mt thi gian hp l m ngi chuyn ch cn mn phi giao
hng, c tnh n hon cnh s vic.
+ Hng ha b coi l mt nu khng c giao nh trn trong vng 60 ngy lin tc k t
ngy hng ha ng l phi giao.
- Trch nhim chnh ca ngi chuyn ch: trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch c quy
nh theo nguyn tc li v s sut suy on.
- Min trch ca ngi chuyn ch:
+ Khng lit k cc trng hp min trch
+ S dng nguyn tc suy on li: ngi chuyn ch phi chng minh tn tht khng do
li hoc s sut ca mnh gy ra hoc lm bin php cn thit hn ch tn tht.
2. Thi hn trch nhim
- Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v hng ha k t khi nhn hng ch ti
cng i ti khi hon thnh ngha v giao hng cho ngi nhn ti cng n.
- Thi hn trch nhim: t khi nhn n khi giao.
- Ngi chuyn ch c coi l nhn hng ch khi nhn hng t nhng ngi sau:
+ Ngi gi hoc i din ngi gi.
+ C quan hoc bn th ba m theo lut l hoc tp qun ca cng l phi giao hng cho
ngi ny.
- Ngi chuyn ch c coi l giao hng khi giao hng cho nhng ngi sau:
+ Ngi nhn hoc i din ngi nhn;
+ C quan hoc bn th ba m theo lut l hoc tp qun ca cng th phi nhn hng t
ngi ;
+ t hng ha di quyn nh ot ca ngi mua theo quy nh trong hp ng, lut
l hoc tp qun mua bn ca cng.
3. Gii hn trch nhim:
+ 835 SDR/kin, n v hoc 2,5SDR/kg hng ha c b b mt mt, h hng;
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 35
+ Vi nhng nc khng l thnh vin IMF hoc khng chp nhn SDR th gii hn l
12.500mu/kin, n v hoc 37,5mu/kg hng ha ;
+ Hng ha trong container: quy nh ging Visby. B sung thm, nu container khng
do ngi chuyn ch cung cp th coi nh mt n v hng ha bi thng;
+ Hng ha chm giao: 2,5 ln tin cc phn hng giao chm nhng khng vt tng
tin cc hp ng vn ti.
Cu 30: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch
ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v thi
hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut .
Tr li:
1. Ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha
vn chuyn theo vn n:
- Quy tc Hague
- Quy tc Hague Visby
- Quy tc Hamburg
- Ngh nh th SDR
- B lut Hng hi Vit Nam
2. So snh
Hague & Hague - Visby Hamburg BLHH VN
- Ngi chuyn ch phi
chu trch nhim v mt
mt, h hng hng ha t
khi hng xp ln tu cng
i ti khi hng d khi tu
ti cng n.
- Thi hn trch nhim: t
mc cu ti mc cu.
- Ngi chuyn ch phi
chu trch nhim v hng
ha k t khi nhn hng
ch ti cng i ti khi hon
thnh ngha v giao hng
cho ngi nhn ti cng
n.
- Thi hn trch nhim: t
khi nhn n khi giao.
- Trch nhim ca ngi
chuyn ch pht sinh k t
khi nhn hng ti cng i,
ko di trong sut hnh
trnh chuyn ch v chm
dt khi hon thnh ngha v
giao hng cho ngi nhn
ti cng n.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 36
Cu 31: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch
ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v c s
trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut .
Tr li:
Hague & Hague - Visby Hamburg BLHH VN
Ngi chuyn ch phi chu
trch nhim v thit hi do
mt mt, h hng gy ra khi
hng ha vn thuc trch
nhim ca ngi chuyn
ch.
- Trch nhim ca ngi
chuyn ch: 3 trch nhim
chnh:
+ Cung cp tu kh nng
i bin:
i) Tu bn chc, chu c
sng gi trong iu kin
thng thng, kn nc.
ii) Tu nguyn nhin vt
liu, bin ch thy th y
iii) Tu phi ph hp
chuyn ch hng ha.
+ Trch nhim thng mi:
ngi chuyn ch phi tin
hnh cn thn v thch hp
xp, dch chuyn, sp xp,
- Ngi chuyn ch phi
chu trch nhim v thit hi
do mt mt, h hng v
chm giao hng khi hng
ha cn thuc trch nhim
ca ngi chuyn ch.
+ Hng ha c coi l
chm giao nu khng c
giao ti cng n quy nh
trong hp ng vn chuyn
trong thi gian tha
thun r rng hoc nu
khng tha thun thi gian
nh vy th l trong mt
thi gian hp l m ngi
chuyn ch cn mn phi
giao hng, c tnh n hon
cnh s vic.
+ Hng ha b coi l mt
nu khng c giao nh
trn trong vng 60 ngy lin
tc k t ngy hng ha
ng l phi giao.
Ngi chuyn ch phi chu
trch nhim v thit hi do
mt mt, h hng gy ra khi
hng ha vn thuc trch
nhim ca ngi chuyn
ch.
- Trch nhim ca ngi
chuyn ch: 3 trch nhim
chnh:
+ Cung cp tu kh nng
i bin:
i) Tu bn chc, chu c
sng gi trong iu kin
thng thng, kn nc.
ii) Tu nguyn nhin vt
liu, bin ch thy th y
iii) Tu phi ph hp
chuyn ch hng ha.
+ Trch nhim thng mi:
ngi chuyn ch phi tin
hnh cn thn v thch hp
xp, dch chuyn, sp xp,
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 37
chuyn ch, bo qun, coi
gi, d hng chuyn ch.
+ Trch nhim cp vn n:
sau khi nhn hng t ngi
gi hng, ngi chuyn ch
phi cp vn n cho ngi
gi hng.
- Min trch ca ngi
chuyn ch:
+ Hnh vi s sut do li
thuyn trng, thy th, hoa
tiu, ngi lm cng cho
ngi chuyn ch trong
thut i bin hoc qun tr
tu (Li hng vn).
+ Chy, tr khi do li c
ca ngi chuyn ch ;
+ Hnh ng chin tranh ;
+ Hnh ng th ch ;
+ Tai ha, nguy him, tai
nn trn bin ;
+ Thin tai ;
+ Hng ha v tu b tm
gi, kim ch bi vua cha,
chnh quyn nhn dn hoc
b tch thu do lnh ca ta
n ;
+ Hn ch v kim dch ;
- Trch nhim chnh ca
ngi chuyn ch: trch
nhim ca ngi chuyn
ch c quy nh theo
nguyn tc li v s sut
suy on.
- Min trch ca ngi
chuyn ch:
+ Khng lit k cc trng
hp min trch
+ S dng nguyn tc suy
on li: ngi chuyn ch
phi chng minh tn tht
khng do li hoc s sut
ca mnh gy ra hoc lm
bin php cn thit
hn ch tn tht.
chuyn ch, bo qun, coi
gi, d hng chuyn ch.
+ Trch nhim cp vn n:
sau khi nhn hng t ngi
gi hng, ngi chuyn ch
phi cp vn n cho ngi
gi hng.
- Min trch ca ngi
chuyn ch:
+ Hnh vi s sut do li
thuyn trng, thy th, hoa
tiu, ngi lm cng cho
ngi chuyn ch trong
thut i bin hoc qun tr
tu (Li hng vn).
+ Chy, tr khi do li c
ca ngi chuyn ch ;
+ Hnh ng chin tranh ;
+ Hnh ng th ch ;
+ Tai ha, nguy him, tai
nn trn bin ;
+ Thin tai ;
+ Hng ha v tu b tm
gi, kim ch bi vua cha,
chnh quyn nhn dn hoc
b tch thu do lnh ca ta
n ;
+ Hn ch v kim dch ;
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 38
+ nh cng, cm xng v
ngng tr lao ng do bt
k nguyn nhn no xy ra
ton b hay cc b ;
+ Li ca ch hng, i din
hoc i l ca ch hng ;
+ Bo ng hoc bo lon ;
+ Cu hoc c cu sinh
mng, ti sn trn bin ;
+ Hao ht v trng lng,
khi lng v hng hc do
ni t, n t v bn cht c
bit ca hng ha ;
+ Bao b khng y ;
+ K k m hiu khng y
hoc sai st ;
+ S c do n t ca tu m
s cn mn mt cch hp l
khng th pht hin c ;
+ Li hoc s sut khng
thuc trch nhim ngi
chuyn ch, i l, ngi
lm cng cho ngi chuyn
ch.
+ nh cng, cm xng v
ngng tr lao ng do bt
k nguyn nhn no xy ra
ton b hay cc b ;
+ Li ca ch hng, i din
hoc i l ca ch hng ;
+ Bo ng hoc bo lon ;
+ Cu hoc c cu sinh
mng, ti sn trn bin ;
+ Hao ht v trng lng,
khi lng v hng hc do
ni t, n t v bn cht c
bit ca hng ha ;
+ Bao b khng y ;
+ K k m hiu khng y
hoc sai st ;
+ S c do n t ca tu m
s cn mn mt cch hp l
khng th pht hin c ;
+ Li hoc s sut khng
thuc trch nhim ngi
chuyn ch, i l, ngi
lm cng cho ngi chuyn
ch.
Cu 32: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch
ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v gii
hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut .
Tr li:
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 39
Hague Hague - Visby SDR Hamburg BLHHVN
100GBP/ki
n, n v
hng ha v
khng vt
gi tr l
hng
- 10.000 Franc
vng/kin, n v
hng ha hoc 30
Franc vng/kg
hng ha c b b
mt mt h hng.
- Franc vng l
ng tin cha
65,5mg vng
nguyn cht
900/1000.
- Hng ha trong
container:
+ n v hng
ha l n v tnh
cc ;
+ Nu k khai
s gi, bao,
kin,.. trong vn
n th gi, bao,
kin c coi l
n v tnh cc
v bi thng
theo s k khai ;
+ Nu khng k
khai th c
container coi nh
666.67SDR/kin
, n v hng
ha hoc 2
SDR/kg hng
ha c b
- 835 SDR/kin,
n v hoc
2,5SDR/kg hng
ha c b b mt
mt, h hng;
- Vi nhng
nc khng l
thnh vin IMF
hoc khng chp
nhn SDR th
gii hn l
12.500mu/kin,
n v hoc
37,5mu/kg hng
ha ;
- Hng ha trong
container: quy
nh ging
Visby. B sung
thm, nu
container khng
do ngi chuyn
ch cung cp th
coi nh mt n
v hng ha
bi thng;
- Hng ha chm
- K khai th bi
thng theo s
k khai.
- Gii hn trn
1 n v: Ging
SDR
- Hng trong
container:
Ging Visby.
- Chm giao
ging Hamburg.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 40
1 n v bi
thng.
giao: 2,5 ln tin
cc phn hng
giao chm nhng
khng vt tng
tin cc hp
ng vn ti.
Cu 33: Trnh by ni dung v thng bo tn tht v khiu ni ngi chuyn ch
ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n theo cc ngun lut quc t
hin hnh (Quy tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby, Quy tc Hamburg)
Tr li:
1. Thng bo tn tht:
- Thng bo bng vn bn, do ngi nhn hng lp, gi cho ngi chuyn ch, thng bo
r tnh trng tn tht ca hng ha, trong thi hn quy nh, bo lu quyn khiu ni
ngi chuyn ch.
- Nu tn tht r rt tc l nhn thy bng mt thng:
+ Thng bo bng bin bn hng tn tht: COR.
+ Hague v Visby: COR phi c lp trc v vo lc giao hng.
+ Hamburg: COR phi c lp khng mun hn ngy sau ngy giao hng cho ngi
nhn.
- Nu tn tht khng r rt, tc l khng nhn thy bng mt thng hoc nghi ng tn
tht:
+ Thng bo bng th d khng : LOR.
+ Hague v Visby : thng bo trong vng 3 ngy t khi nhn hng.
+ Hamburg : thng bo trong vng 15 ngy t khi nhn hng.
- i vi hng chm giao: thng bo trong vng 60 ngy k t khi nhn hng.
2. Khiu ni ngi chuyn ch:
- Ngi khiu ni : ngi gi hoc i din ; ngi nhn hoc i din.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 41
- H s khiu ni :
+ Vn n, phiu ng gi, ha n thng mi : chng minh li ch pht sinh i vi
hng ha ca ch hng.
+ Th d khng, bin bn hng v h hng : thng bo tnh trng tn tht ca hng
ha ;
+ Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu, bin bn hng thiu, bin bn gim nh v giy t
khc : chng minh li ca ngi chuyn ch.
- Thi hn khiu ni:
+ Hague: 1 nm t khi nhn hng ng l phi giao hng.
+ Visby: 1 nm v c th ko di khng qu 3 thng.
+ Hamburg: 2 nm v c th ko di.
Cu 34: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha
vn chuyn theo vn n theo B lut Hng hi Vit Nam 2005.
Tr li:
Xem li cc cu 30, 31, 32.
Cu 35: Khi nim v c im ca tu chuyn
Tr li:
1. Tu chuyn l tu khng chy thng xuyn trn nhng tuyn ng nht nh, gh
qua nhng cng nht nh, theo mt lch trnh nh sn. Tu chuyn l tu chuyn ch
hng ha gia hai hay nhiu cng theo yu cu ca ch hng trn c s mt hp ng
thu tu.
2. c im:
- i tng vn chuyn l hng ha khi lng ln, thng c tnh cht tng i thun
nht, c kh nng xp y tu
- Tu c mt boong, hm rng thun tin xp d
- Tc chm hn tu ch
- iu kin vn chuyn, cc ph tha thun trong hp ng vn chuyn.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 42
Cu 36: Khi nim phng thc thu tu chuyn, trnh t cc bc thu tu chuyn
v cc hnh thc thu tu chuyn
Tr li:
1. Thu tu chuyn l vic ch tu cho ngi thu tu thu mt phn hoc ton b con tu
chuyn ch hng ha t cng ny n cng khc.
2. Trnh t cc bc thu tu chuyn: 6 bc
B1: Ngi ch hng thng qua ngi mi gii tm hi tu vn chuyn hng ha.
B2: Da trn thng tin ch hng cung cp, ngi mi gii cho hi tu.
B3: Ngi mi gii m phn vi ch tu v tt c cc iu khon trong hp ng thu
tu.
B4: Ngi mi gii thng bo kt qu m phn cho ch hng.
B5: Ch hng v ch tu k kt hp ng. Trc khi k kt, hai bn r sot cc iu
khon, c th b sung, sa cha v iu khon trong hp ng mu ch c nhng nt
chung.
B6: Thc hin hp ng. Ch hng mang hng ha n cng, giao cho ngi chuyn ch
v nhn vn n (B/L to charterer party).
3. Cc hnh thc thu tu chuyn:
- Thu tu chuyn mt: giao hng ti cng n xong, hp ng ht hiu lc.
- Thu tu chuyn kh hi: giao hng ti cng n xong li chuyn ch hng v cng ban
u hoc cng ln cn.
- Thu tu chuyn mt lin tc: chuyn ch hng thng xuyn, khi lng ln.
- Thu tu kh hi lin tc
- Thu khon: thu tu chuyn ch mt lng hng nht nh trong thi gian nht nh.
- Thu bao: thu ton b tu trong thi gian nht nh.
- Thu tu nh hn: thu tu t mnh khai thc
+ Thu tu nh hn trn: khng thu thy th, thuyn vin.
+ Thu tu nh hn khng trn: thu c thy th, thuyn vin.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 43
Cu 37: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: cng xp d, thi gian xp d, chuyn ch
1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi
Tr li:
1. Cng xp/d:
- Cng xp: Cng Hi Phng, cu cng s 1.
- Cng d: Cng Liverpool, cu cng s 4.
2. Thi gian xp d:
Thi gian xp d l 15 ngy lm vic thi tit tt 24 gi lin tc, khng k Ch nht v
ngy l, c lm cng khng tnh (15WWD, S.H.EX.E.U).
Cu 38: Quy nh v tu ca hp ng thu tu chuyn
Tr li:
1. Quy nh cc iu kin c bn v con tu:
Tn tu, quc tch, mn nc, trng ti, dung tch, cp hng, cht lng, ng c, v tr
ca tu.
2. Nu mun ginh quyn thay th tu th phi ghi thm cnh tn tu: v/hoc mt con tu
thay th khc (and/or subtitute sister ship).
Cu 39: Quy nh v thi gian tu n cng xp hng ca hp ng thu tu chuyn
Tr li:
1. Thi gian tu n cng xp hng l thi gian tu n cng xp hng nhn hng ch
theo quy nh trong hp ng.
2. iu khon ny quy nh ngha v tu phi n cng xp hng quy nh trong thi gian
quy nh v trong t th sn sng xp hng.
3. Hai cch quy nh:
- Quy nh ngy c th: Tu phi n cng Hi Phng xp hng vo ngy 1/12/2012.
- Quy nh khong thi gian: Tu phi n cng Hi Phng xp hng trong khong t
ngy 1-5/12/2012.
4. Ch PPP: Nu ti thi im k hp ng, tu ang gn th c th quy inh:
- Prompt: Tu n cng vi ba ngy sau khi k hp ng.
- Promtisimo: Tu n cng trong ngy k hp ng.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 44
- Spot prompt: Tu n cng vi gi sau khi k hp ng.
5. Ngi chuyn ch phi thng bo thi gian d kin tu n cng xp hng cho ngi
thu tu. Nu tu n sm, khng bt buc phi giao hng ngy nhng nu xp hng lun
th c tnh vo thi gian lm hng. Tu n nhng hng giao mun th nhng ngy tu
ch cng c tnh vo thi gian lm hng.
6. Tu n mun th ngi thu tu c quyn hy hp ng. Tuy nhin, hy hay khng
cn ph thuc tng trng hp:
- Thu tu mi c nhanh khng
- Hn trn L/C ht cha?
- Cc ph c tng khng?
- Hng c cn giao gp khng?
7. Tu c coi l sn sng xp hng nu:
- Tu n vng thng mi ca cng hoc cp cng quy nh
- Tu sn sng v mi mt xp hng:
+ Lm y th tc vo cng (hi quan, v sinh dch t)
+ Phng tin k thut y , hm tu v sinh sch s, nhit thch hp.
- Ngi chuyn ch trao NOR cho ngi gi hng hoc ngi thu tu theo cch thch
hp (th, telex, fax).
Cu 40: Quy nh v hng ha ca hp ng thu tu chuyn
Tr li:
1. Tn hng:
- Ghi r tn hng chuyn ch
- Nu mun chuyn ch hai mt hng trn mt chuyn tu th phi ghi v/hoc
- Nu thi im k kt cha quyt nh tn hng th ghi v/hoc bt k hng ha hp
php no.
2. Bao b: quy inh c th iu kin bao b, k k m hiu.
3. S lng: ty mt hng m quy nh theo khi lng hay th tch. Nn quy nh km
theo mc dung sai.
- Khong
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 45
- Ti thiu/Ti a
- S lng c th + Dung sai. Thuyn trng thng bo s lng hng c th xp. Nu
khng giao , vn phi chu cc khng. Nu giao nhng khng ch ht, tu phi bi
thng cho thit hi do b li hng ha.
Cu 41: Quy nh v cng xp d ca hp ng thu tu chuyn
Tr li:
1. Quy nh mt hoc nhiu cng xp, mt hoc nhiu cng d.
2. Cch quy nh:
- Quy nh chung: Mt cu cng an ton thuc cng HP (One safe berth, Hai Phong port).
- Quy nh c th: khu vc no, cng s my.
3. Cng phi an ton:
- V mt chnh tr: khng c bo ng v trang, khng c chin tranh, nh cng.
- V mt hng hi: su, mn nc thch hp tu lun ni hoc chm t an ton.
4. Lu : khi k hp ng, ngi thu tu nn gch b dng sau:
Or so near thereto as ship may safely get and she always afloat.
- Nn m rng always afloat bng and/or safely aground.
5. C th quy nh cm cng nhng khng c qu rng, phi lit k v nh s th t
theo v tr a l ca cng.
Cu 42: Quy nh v chi ph xp d ca hp ng thu tu chuyn
Tr li:
1. Chi ph xp d chim t trng ng k trong cc ph nn phi quy nh r rng.
2. Cc cch quy nh: Khi quy nh min th nhng chi ph ny s khng tnh vo cc
ph na.
- Min chi ph xp d cho ngi chuyn ch: FIO, FIOS, FIOT, FIOST (S: stowage sp
t hng bao b, T: trimming san co hng ri).
- Min chi ph xp cho ngi chuyn ch: FI, FIT, FIS, FIST
- Min chi ph d cho ngi chuyn ch: FO, FOS, FOT, FOST.
- iu kin tu ch (Liner terms/Berth terms/Gross terms): ngi chuyn ch phi chu c
chi ph xp, d, san co, sp t hng ha. Khi ko quy nh thng pht xp/d m
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 46
thc hin theo nguyn tc xp d nhanh theo mc tu c th giao v nhn hoc nhanh
theo tp qun ca cng.
3. Phn nh r rng ph hp vi hp ng mua bn, thun tin hn trong xp d,
trnh tnh chi ph xp d hai ln.
FOB CIF
Ngi thu tu Ngi mua Ngi bn
Ngi bn thch FI FO
Ngi mua thch FI FO
Cu 43: Quy nh v cc ph thu tu ca hp ng thu tu chuyn
Tr li:
1. Cc ph l s tin ngi thu tu phi tr cho ngi chuyn ch v vic vn chuyn
hng ha v cc hot ng lin quan n vn chuyn hng ha.
2. Mc cc: l s tin phi tr trn mt n v tnh cc.
3. n v tnh cc:
- Hng cng knh: n v tnh l n v th tch (m3 hoc c.ft).
- Hng nng: n v tnh trng lng (ton).
- Hng khc: gallon (du), standard (g), bushels (la).
- Vi tu thu bao, tnh cc trn n v dung tch hoc trng ti ca tu.
4. S lng hng ha tnh cc:
- Tnh theo hng ha thc xp ti cng i hay hng ha ghi trn vn n.
- Tnh theo hng ha thc giao cng n: vi nhng hng ha gi tr thp th khng cn
li m quy nh tnh theo s lng ghi trn vn n, khu tr 1-2%.
5. Thi gian thanh ton:
- Thanh ton cc trc (Prepaid freight) hoc thanh ton ti cng i (freight payable at
port of lading): thanh ton ngay khi k vn n hoc sau khi k vn n mt vi ngy.
- Thanh ton sau (Freight to collect) hoc thanh ton ti cng n. C th:
+ Thanh ton lc bt u
+ Thanh ton trong lc d hng
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 47
+ Thanh ton sau khi hng c giao thc s v ng n
- Hn hp: mt phn thanh ton trc, mt phn thanh ton sau. Ngi chuyn ch c th
dng lm th tc ra vo cng v b tr thng pht xp d.
Nn quy nh thm: Cc ph coi nh thu nhp ca ngi chuyn ch v vn chuyn
hng ha t khi hng ha c xp ln tu n khi tr hng, khng ph thuc hng v tu
c b mt hay khng b mt.
Cu 44: Trnh by iu khon quy nh v thng/pht xp d trong hp ng thu
tu chuyn.
Tr li:
1. Tin thng xp d l khon tin m ngi chuyn ch phi tr cho ngi thu tu v
hon thnh vic xp d hng ha sm hn thi hn quy nh trong hp ng.
+ Mc thng = mc pht
i) Thng cho ton tu trong mt ngy
ii) Thng cho mi n v trng ti/dung tch
+ Thi gian thng xp d:
i) Thng cho ton b thi gian tit kim c
ii) Ch thng cho thi gian lm vic tit kim c.
+ Tng tin thng = Mc thng * Thi gian thng
2. Tin pht xp d l khon tin ngi thu tu phi tr cho ngi chuyn ch do khng
hon thnh vic xp d hng ha ng thi gian quy nh trong hp ng.
+ Mc pht = 2 mc thng
i) Pht cho ton tu trong mt ngy
ii) Pht cho mt n v dung tch/trng ti
+ Thi gian pht: pht th lun b pht.
+ Tng tin pht = mc pht * thi gian pht.
3. Cc tnh thng pht
- B tr = thi gian thng thi gian pht
- Tnh ring tin thng, tin pht
4. Vic xem xt vn thng pht phi tin hnh nh sau:
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 48
- Nghin cu k C/P xem thi gian xp d l bao nhiu ngy, khong thi gian khng tnh
vo thi gian xp d, mc tnh thi gian lm hng.
- Da vo bin bn s kin tu tnh xem thc t xp d ht bao nhiu ngy
- Da vo lp bng tnh thi gian xp d xem thng bao nhiu ngy, pht bao
nhiu ngy.
Cu 45: Khi nim, c im, cc hnh thc thu tu nh hn v cc trng hp p
dng thu tu nh hn.
Tr li:
1. Khi nim:
Thu tu nh hn l vic ch tu cho ngi thu thu tu s dng vo mc ch
chuyn ch hoc khai thc thu cc trong mt thi gian nht nh. Mi quan h thu
tu c iu chnh bng hp ng thu tu nh hn.
2. c im:
Thu tu nh hn l hnh thc cho thu ti sn:
- Ch tu vn nm quyn s hu, ch chuyn quyn s dng v m bo tu c kh nng
i bin trong thi gian cho thu.
- Ngi thu chu trch nhim trong khai thc, s dng tu. Ht hn phi hon tr tu m
bo v mt k thut ti cng quy nh, trong thi gian quy nh.
3. Cc hnh thc thu tu nh hn:
- Thu trn: ko thu s quan, thy th.
- Thu khng trn: thu c s quan, thy th ca tu.
4. Cc trng hp thu tu nh hn:
- Ch tu:
+ L ch tu thun ty
+ Gi cc thu tu gim trong mt thi gian lu di.
+ Kh khn trong tm kim ngun hng chuyn ch.
- Ch hng:
+ Mun kinh doanh kim li
+ C khi lng hng ln, khng mun ph thuc th trng thu tu
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 49
+ Ch ng trong vn chuyn hng ha.
Cu 46: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: thi gian xp d, thng pht xp d
chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi
Tr li:
1. Thi gian xp d l 15 ngy lm vic thi tit tt lin tc 24h, khng k Ch nht v
ngy l, c lm cng khng tnh. (15WWD, S.H.EX.E.U).
2. Thng pht xp d:
- p dng phng php tnh b tr
- Mc thng: 200USD/ngy
- Mc pht: 400USD/ngy.
Hoc: Tin pht xp d l 400USD/ngy, tin thng xp d l 200USD/ngy hoc theo
t l trn mt phn ca ngy. Vic thanh ton thng pht xp d s c thc hin gia
ngi thu tu v ngi chuyn ch trong vng 1 thng, k t ngy thuyn trng k vo
bin bn s kin ca tu. Tin thng pht xp d c tnh ton theo phng php b
tr.
Cu 47: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: cc ph, lut l gii quyt tranh chp,
chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi
Tr li:
1. Cc ph: 30USD/MT FIO.s tnh theo s lng hng giao ti cng d.
50% cc c tr 1 ngy sau ngy k vn n, 50% cc c tr sau khi d hng ti
cng n.
Thanh ton bng tin ng Vit Nam, ch hng chuyn khon vo ti khon ch tu. T
gi hi oi l t gi hi oi lin ngn hng thi im thanh ton.
2. Lut l gii quyt tranh chp: Lut Hng hi ca Anh.
Hi ng xt x l trng ti London.
Cu 48: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: hng ha, con tu, chuyn ch 1 l hng
10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi
Tr li:
1. Hng ha:
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 50
- Tn hng: Go ri
- Bao b: go c ng trong bao ti, 20kg/bao, c 10 bao ng trong mt bao PE. Trn
bao PE ghi r tn, a ch ngi gi, ngi nhn, s th t bao v dng ch Bo qun
ni kh ro.
- Khi lng: 10000MT +/- 5% theo la chn ca thuyn trng.
2. Tu chuyn ch l tu K Vn hoc mt con tu thay th khc.
- Quc tch:
+ Nm ng: 1998
+ Ni ng: Anh
- Mn nc ti cng Hi Phng:
+ Mn nc ti thiu: 2m
+ Mn nc ti a: 4m
- DWT: 23000MT
- GRT: 18400MT, NRT: 3710MT
- Cp hng: A1
- ng c: cng sut my chnh l 3745kW.
- V tr ca tu: Hin tu ang neo u ti cng Hi Phng.
- Cht lng tu: Tu di 110m, rng 17,5m; gm 3 hm, 1 boong.
Cu 49: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: chi ph xp d, thi gian tu n cng xp
hng, chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi
Tr li:
1. Chi ph xp d: min chi ph xp, d v sp t hng.
2. Thi gian tu n cng xp hng:
Tu phi n cng Hi Phng xp hng trong khong thi gian t ngy 20-25/12/2012.
Cu 50: Phn bit B/L hon ho v khng hon ho
Tr li:
Clean B/L Unclean B/L
nh ngha L vn n trn khng L vn n trn c ph
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 51
c ph ch xu hoc ph
ch bo lu ca thuyn
trng v tnh trng hng
ha hoc hng ha
ch xu, ph ch bo lu,
ph ch phn i ca thuyn
trng v tnh trng hng
ha hoc hng ha
Gi tr
Gi tr chng c rt ln,
chng t ngi bn hon
thnh ngha v giao hng
Ngi bn cha hon thnh
ngha v giao hng
Thanh ton c chp nhn thanh ton Khng c chp nhn
thanh ton
Bin php khc phc
Ch bin lai thuyn ph,
khi thy nhng ph ch xu:
- B sung, sa cha hng
ha
- Vit th bo m
- Lp bin bn hng tn tht
(Lu : ko nn lp th bo
m).
Th hin
- Khng ph ch g
- ng du ch Clean
- Ph ch khng lm mt i
tnh hon ho ca vn n
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 52
Cu 51: So snh c s trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc
Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg.
Cu 52: So snh thi trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc
Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg.
Cu 53: So snh gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy
tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg.
Cu 54: So snh phng thc thu tu ch v phng thc thu tu chuyn
Tr li:
Phng thc thu tu ch Phng thc thu tu chuyn
nh ngha
Thu tu ch hay lu cc
tu ch l vic ngi thu
tu lin h vi ch tu yu
cu dnh cho mnh thu
mt phn con tu
chuyn ch hng ha t ni
ny n ni khc.
Thu tu chuyn l vic ch tu cho
ngi thu tu thu mt phn hoc
ton b con tu chuyn ch hng
ha t cng ny n cng khc.
Phng tin chuyn
ch
- Tu ch l tu chy
thng xuyn trn mt
tuyn ng nht nh, gh
qua nhng cng nht nh,
theo mt lch trnh nh
sn.
- Tu chuyn l tu khng chy
thng xuyn trn mt tuyn ng
nht inh, khng gh qua nhng
cng nht nh, khng theo mt lch
trnh nh sn.
c im ca phng
tin vn chuyn
Lch trnh cng b trn
phng tin thng tin i
chng phc v khch
hng.
Khng c lch trnh nh sn
Vn n iu chnh quan
h thu tu
Hp ng iu chnh quan h thu
tu, vn n iu chnh quan h
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 53
gia ngi chuyn ch v ngi
nhn hng
iu kin chuyn ch in
sn trn vn n, khng th
b sung, sa i iu kin chuyn ch v cc ph
c th tha thun Cc ph nh sn cng b
trn biu cc
i tng vn chuyn l
hng bch ha khi lng
nh
Hng khi lng ln, tnh cht
tng i thun nht, xp c y
tu
Tu c 1 hm, nhiu
boong; chy nhanh
Tu c 1 hm, boong rng; chy
chm
Trnh t thu tu Dng B/L K hp ng
III. Chng 4. Chuyn ch hng ha XNK bng ng hng khng
Cu 55: V tr v c im ca vn ti hng khng.
Tr li:
1. V tr:
- Vn ti hng khng chim v tr s 1 trong vn ti cc hng ha sau:
+ Hng gi tr cao
+ Hng cn giao ngay p ng nhu cu v thi v th trng
+ Hng mau hng
+ Hng cu tr, khn cp
- Mt xch quan trng trong vn ti a phng thc
- V tr quan trng trong giao lu kinh t - vn ha gia cc quc gia, dn tc.
2. c im:
* u im:
- Tuyn ng t nhin trn khng trung, ng thng nn ngn nht.
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 54
- t chu nh hng bi iu kin a l, a hnh.
- Tc nhanh: 27 ln ng bin, 10 ln ng oto, 8 ln ng st.
- Lun s dng cng ngh cao.
- Cung cp cht lng dch v cao hn hn phng thc khc.
- An ton nht.
- n gin v th tc, chng t.
* Nhc im:
- Gi cao nht: 8 ln ng bin, 2-4 ln ng st, oto.
- Ph thuc iu kin thi tit khi ct cnh v h cnh.
- Khng ph hp chuyn ch hng cng knh, khi lng ln, gi tr thp.
- i hi u t ln v c s vt cht v o to nhn lc.
Cu 56: Trnh by c s vt cht k thut ca vn ti hng khng.
Tr li:
1. Cng hng khng:
- Theo Lut HKDD 2006, cng hng khng l t hp sn bay, nh ga, trang thit b, cng
trnh mt t phc v my bay i, n v phc v cc dch v vn chuyn hng khng.
- Sn bay l phn mt t, mt nc m my bay ct cnh, h cnh v di chuyn. Sn bay
gm ton b din tch mt t, nh ga, trang thit b phc v vn chuyn hnh khch v
hng ha.
2. My bay:
- My bay l mt thit b bay hot ng do c nng trong kh quyn nh tng tc
vi khng kh.
- Phn loi:
+ Cn c i tng vn chuyn: my bay ch khch, ch hng, hn hp.
+ Cn c s gh: nh, TB, ln.
+ Cn c nc sn xut ch yu
+ Cn c ng c: Piston, turbin cnh qut, turbin phn lc.
3. Thit b xp d, vn chuyn ti sn bay:
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 55
- Thit b xp d, vn chuyn: gi , bng chuyn hng ri, xe nng hng, thit b nng
container/pallet, xe vn chuyn container/pallet.
- Thit b xp d theo n v (ULD):
+ thun tin cho vic xp d hng ha, hng ha cn c tp hp li trong mt thit
b cho ph hp kch thc ca khoang my bay, ngi ta gi l ULD. ULD c kch thc
tiu chun, ph hp kch thc khoang my bay v l mt b phn ca my bay.
+ ULD c to thnh t: pallet c li, pallet c li ph trn mt hp st khng y
(Igloo khng n nh), container boong chnh, boong di.
+ ULD c hai loi: c chng ch v khng c chng ch.
Cu 57: Cc t chc vn ti hng khng quc t v Vit Nam.
Tr li:
ICAO T chc
HKDD quc t
IATA Hip
hi vn ti
hng khng
quc t
FIATA
Lin on
cc Hip
hi giao
nhn QT
AAPA Hip
hi cc hng
hng khng
CA - TBD
Vit Nam
Thnh
lp
1947 trn c s
cng c v
HKDD quc t
1944 (Chicago)
1945 1926 1965
- Hng hng
khng quc
gia
- Hng HK c
phn Pacific
Airlines (V.A
chim 40%
vn php
nh)
- Cng ty bay
dich v Vit
Nam
L g?
C quan ca LHQ
qun l hot ng
hng khng cc
nc thnh vin
T chc phi
chnh tr, t
nguyn ca cc
hng HK
Thnh
vin
187 thnh vin,
Vit Nam gia
nhp 2/4/1980
260 tnh n
2006, Vietnam
Airlines gia
nhp 2006
19, Vietnam
Airlines l th
11 nm 1997
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 56
Mc
ch
- Thng nht lut
l
- Thng nht tiu
chun k thut
- Thc y
HKDD pht trin
- Thc y
VTHK pht
trin thng
xuyn, an ton,
hiu qu
- Hp tc ICAo
v t chc quc
t khc
- Thng nht
lut l
- Khuyn khch
TMHK v
nghin cu vn
ny
Vin VTHK
c phi hp
vi IATA
- Thc y
hp tc
- Gip nhau
v k thut
- Khc phc
cnh tranh
khng lnh
mnh
VASCO
- Tng cng
ty bay dch v
thuc b quc
phng SFC
VN c khong
30 hng HK
quc gia, khu
vc ang hot
ng.
Tr s
Monstreal, vn
phng Mehico,
Paris, Bangkok,
Lima, Cairo
Ngoi ra cn c i l hng ha hng khng (trung gian gia ch hng v hng hng
khng): i l hng ha IATA, ngi giao nhn hng ha hng khng.
Cu 58: Trnh by c s php l iu chnh vn ti hng khng trn th gii v Vit
Nam.
Tr li:
1. Vn ti hng khng quc t:
- Cng c Vacsava 1929
- Cc NT sa i:
+ NT Hague 1955
+ Cng c Guadalajara 1961
+ Hip nh Montreal 1966
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 57
+ NT Guatemala 1971
+ NT Montreal 1975 s 1, 2, 3, 4
2. Vn ti hng khng Vit Nam:
- Lut HKDD 1991, sa i 1995
- Lut HKDD 2006
- iu l vn chuyn hng khng ca Hng hng khng quc gia 1993
Cu 59: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng theo cc ngun
lut iu chnh vn ti hng khng quc t.
Tr li:
1. Cng c Vacsava:
* Thi hn trch nhim: ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim i vi hng ha trong sut
qu trnh vn chuyn bng my bay (trong cng hng khng, trong my bay, hoc bt c
ni no nu my bay phi h cnh ngoi cng hng khng)=> t sn bay n sn bay.
* C s trch nhim:
- Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim v nhng thit hi do mt mt, h hng v chm
giao hng xy ra trong qu trnh VTHK.
- Min trch: nu ngi chuyn ch chng minh c:
+ Anh ta, ngi lm cng hoc i l ca anh ta p dng cc bin php cn thit hp l
trnh thit hi hoc khng th p dng nhng bin php phng trnh nh vy
+ Thit hi do li trong vic hoa tiu, ch huy hoc vn hnh my bay.
* Gii hn trch nhim:
- Hng c k khai gi tr: bi thng theo gi tr k khai
- Hng khng k khai gi tr:
+ Hng ha: 250Fr vng/kg hoc tng ng 1kg k c ph ph
+ Hnh l k gi: bi thng nh hng ha
+ Hng l xch tay v t trang: 5000Fr vng/hnh khch
+ Hnh khch: 125 000Fr vng/hnh khch.
2. NT Hague:
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 58
- Xa b min trch ca ngi chuyn ch i vi nhng tn tht do li ca hoa tiu, ch
huy hoc vn hnh my bay.
- Ngi chuyn ch c min trch i vi n t, ni t hoc bn cht t nhin ca hng
ha.
- Gii hn trch nhim i vi hnh khch: 250 000Fr vng/ hnh khch.
3. Cng c Guadalajara 1961:
- Ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng (Contracting carrier): Ngi k hp ng chuyn ch
vi ch hng.
- Ngi chuyn ch thc t (actual carrier): chu trch nhim chuyn ch mt phn hay
ton b qu trnh chuyn ch di s y thc ca ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng.
- Trch nhim ca hai ngi ny nh nhau. Ch khc l ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch
nhim ton b qu trnh, ngi chuyn ch thc t ch phi chu trch nhim trn chng
mnh chuyn ch.
4. NT Guatemala 1971:
- Nu hng ha b h hi mt phn th trng lng xt bi thng l trng lng ca
mt hay nhiu kin.
- Nu s hng ny li nh hng n s hng khc th trng lng xt bi thng bao
gm c trng lng ca s hng khc nu cc loi hng ny c ghi trn cng mt
vn n.
5. NT Montreal 1975 bn s 1, 2, 3, 4:
- Bn s 1, 2:
+ Hng ha: 17 SDR hoc 250 Fr vng/kg
+ Hnh l: 332 SDR hoc 5000 Fr vng/ hnh khch
- Bn s 3:
+ Hng ha: 17 SDR hoc 250 Fr vng/kg
+ Hnh l: 1000 SDR hoc 15 000 Fr vng/ hnh khch
- Tng thm min trch cho ngi chuyn ch:
+ Thit hi do cht lng hoc khuyt tt vn c ca hng ha
-
Nguyn Thu Thy Anh 11 Kinh t K49 59
+ Khuyt im v bao b do mt ngi khng phi l ngi chuyn ch hoc i l ca
h gy ra cng nh do thiu st ca ngi gi, ngi nhn hoc i l ca h
+ Chin tranh hoc xung t v trang
+ Hnh ng do chnh quyn nhn dn thc hin c lin quan ti XNK hoc qu cnh.
Cu 60: Trnh by vn khiu ni v kin tng ngi chuyn ch hng khng theo
cc ngun lut iu chnh vn ti hng khng.
Tr li:
1. Ngun lut quc t:
1.1. Khiu ni:
- Thi hn khiu ni:
+ Theo cng c Vacsava 1929
i) i vi h hng mt mt ca hng ho: trong vng 7 ngy k t ngy nhn hng.
ii) i vi chm giao: trong vng 14 ngy k t ngy hng ng l phi c t di s
nh ot ca ngi nhn hng.
+ Theo NT Hague 1955
i) i vi h hng mt mt ca hng ho: trong vng 14 ngy k t ngy nhn hng
ii) i vi chm giao: trong vng 21 ngy k t ngy hng ng l phi c t di s
nh ot ca ngi nhn hng