case studies undp: mbankana centre for integrated development (cadim), democratic republic of the...

7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: MBANKANA CENTRE FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT (CADIM), Democratic Republic of the C

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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities

Democratic Republic of Congo

MBANKANA CENTREFOR INTEGRATEDDEVELOPMENT (CADIM)

Empowered live

Resilient nation


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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo

or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth

their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition

themselves guiding the narrative.

To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser

that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ

to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models

replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to The Power o Local Action: Lessons rom 10 Years

the Equator Prize, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.

Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.

EditorsEditor-in-Chie: Joseph Corcoran

Managing Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding

Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughe

Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,

Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu

DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Pa

Brandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.

AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Mbankana Centre or Integrated Development (CADIM), and in particular

guidance and inputs o Taba Kalulu and Fladin Ngande. All photo credits courtesy o CADIM. Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbook a

Wikipedia.

Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2012. Mbankana Centre or Integrated Development (CADIM), Democratic Republic o Con

Equator Initiative Case Study Series. New York, NY.
http://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858http://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdf


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PROJECT SUMMARYTo combat high rural unemployment and the outowo armers to urban centres, the Mbankana Centre orIntegrated Development (Centre dAppui au DeveloppementIntegral, Mbankana - CADIM) trains armers in agroorestryand aforestation techniques that restore soil ertility andboost agricultural production. The groups aforestationeforts have reduced exploitative pressure on the naturalorests and provided or the reappearance o previouslyendemic animal species - notably bush pigs and antelopes.

As a result o CADIMs training programmes, armers

have increased traditional agricultural outputs - cassavaproduction has risen ve-old in some areas - and diversiedinto new areas o income generation, such as honey andcharcoal production. CADIM has orged a strong partnershipwith the Ministry o Environment and successully lobbiedor a decree by the Minister o Land Afairs to create asubdivision o orest that ofers land security or armers.

KEY FACTS

EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2008

FOUNDED: 1995

LOCATION: Bateke Plateau region

BENEFICIARIES: farmers around the village of Mbankana

BIODIVERSITY: agroforestry and reforestation

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background and Context 4

Key Activities and Innovations 5

Biodiversity Impacts 7

Socioeconomic Impacts 7

Policy Impacts 8

Sustainability 9

Replication 9

Partners 10

MBANKANA CENTRE FOR INTEGRATEDDEVELOPMENT (CADIM)Democratic Republic of Congo


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he Mbankana Centre or Integrated Development (Centre dAppui au

Developpement Integral, Mbankana - CADIM) is a non-governmental

rganization in the Democratic Republic o Congo (DRC). It was

ounded during the 1990s, a period o political unrest and civil war, to

mprove ood security and reduce poverty by promoting sustainable

griculture. The organization works in the Bateke Plateau region,

pecically within an 80 km radius o the village o Mbankana, which

es 145 km rom the capital city, Kinshasa.

he region is well situated to supply the urban population o

Kinshasa with ood crops, including cassava, maize and cowpeas,

s well as charcoal or domestic energy. However, prior to the

oundation o CADIM, the areas savannah land sufered romow agricultural productivity and poor soil quality, and there was

xtensive deorestation along orested river banks. As a result,

ousehold incomes were low, ultimately leading to a rural exodus to

he city and an increase in unemployment in urban areas.

rom its oundation, CADIM aimed to help armers in the Bateke

lateau meet Kinshasas increasing demand or ood while addressing

rowing youth unemployment and environmental degradation o

oth savannah land and orest glades. With support rom a range

partners, CADIM began by recruiting, relocating and training

groorestry armers.

n the years since its establishment, the organizations objectivesave expanded to include contributing to ood security and

ghting poverty; advocating or sustainable agricultural systems

which are economically protable and protective o ecosystems;

romoting increased agricultural production and diversication

rural household incomes; ensuring the continued settlement o

opulations; reducing the strain on natural orests; and contributing

o the maintenance o biodiversity.

CADIM is governed by a general assembly o members and led by

steering committee composed o a six-person board (president,

vice president, secretary and three other advisors). Leaders on

steering committee include experts in agricultural economics

livelihood development.

Background and Context

CADIM has worked extensively to boost agricultural production in the Bat

Plateau. Photo: CADIM.


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Key Activities and Innovations

CADIM teaches armers agroorestry and aforestation techniques

hat restore soil ertility and stimulate agricultural production. Initially,

he organization selected the earlea acacia (acacia auriculiormis)

pecies or its reorestation eforts, in part due to its rapid growth

n Kinzonos arboretum at the Ministry o Environment. Ater on-

arm trials, CADIM launched a 9,000 hectare agroorestry project.

he organization recruited and relocated armers, providing them

with houses and water tanks on 25 ha plots. Once settled, armers

eceived training on how to introduce acacia into the crop rotation

o maize and cassava in order to enrich the soil. Using an eight-year

ycle, armers deorest approximately three hectares o acacia each

ear. The cleared wood can produce 400 bags o charcoal or sale in

major town centers, and the cleared land is used or the cultivationo maize and cassava. Yields increased substantially under this plan.

he creation and sustainable use o manmade orests and ongoing

monitoring by CADIM enables the conservation o natural orests.

Widening the initiatives scope

ince this initial ocus on agroorestry, CADIM has expanded its rural

evelopment activities to include agriculture, livestock, beekeeping,

sh-arming, community welare training and ecotourism.

hroughout all o its activities, CADIM places an emphasis on the

ranser o knowledge and skills to armers and community members.

he organization has conducted workshops and local seminars

on many issues, including techniques to introduce ast-growingpecies in post-crop allow areas; the introduction o herbaceous

egumes in cassava-maize rotations; reduced tillage; using waste

or composting or mulching in market gardens; access to improved

plant materials; preservation o local species and breeds, and

productive varieties o crops which are disease-ree; reseeding and

mprovement o pastures; development o articial orests created

or the introduction o beekeeping; promotion o animal traction

or transport, manure and soil preparation; and the introduction o

mall livestock such as rabbits in poor households. In 2010 alone,

CADIM held 35 workshops to support diversication o agricultural

production.

For more intensive instruction, CADIM has established 61 Fa

Field Schools, which provide weekly sessions teaching agricu

techniques through study o the complete growth cycle o a parti

crop (one year or cassava, three months or maize, cowpeas

groundnuts). Eighty per cent o those attending Farmer Field Sch

are women, and many reap signicant social and economic ben

rom the experience, orming associations to manage income

mitigate risks. Entrepreneurship training, conducted by CAD

Mampu and Mbankana, provides community members with b

understanding o the commercial potential o their agricul

production.

Cassava production is particularly important, as the tuber an

leaves are the basis o 70 per cent o the Congolese diet. In the

part o last decade, various cassava diseases and pests destro

crops and caused a 25 per cent reduction in production nationw

Cassava prices have also dropped with increasing competition

Assisting armers with market access is a crucial component o the organi

tions work. Photo: CADIM.


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mport o oreign substitute ood products. CADIM has intervened to

ddress both o these challenges or producers. In partnership with

he United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN FAO),

World Vision and the Central Coordination Bureau, CADIM assisted

armers in improving their yields by providing over 1,657,500 linear

meters o disease-resistant cassava cuttings and training on crop

rotection between 2001 and 2003. Farmers planted 110.5 ha o

assava and were able to produce additional healthy cuttings or

ale at afordable prices.

Diversifcation and adding value

he organization has introduced processing as a way o adding

alue to improve marketing prospects or cassava armers. CADIM

pened a ood acility in Mbankana in January o 2010 with support

rom Cooperazione Internazionale, employing nine people. To

urther address marketing challenges, CADIM conducts a monthly

rice survey or major products across the Bateke plateau and assists

armers in transporting products to Kinshasa markets with two

ehicles that hold ten tons o cargo each.

he organization supports armers to introduce animals, both or

raction to increase production and or transport to improve market

ccess. CADIM provides armers with a system through which

hey can purchase cattle on credit. Once or twice each year, the

rganization holds training sessions to teach about animal health

nd nutrition, including the creation o improved pasture. CADIM

rovides veterinary services and organizes a breeding program with

otation o breeding bulls.

eyond this, CADIM has helped armers create additional income

nd improve yields by integrating beekeeping into their program o

ctivities. The organization builds and sells hives, provides training,

nd supervises apprentice beekeepers. As bees pollinate oweringcacias, they create a rich honey. The Beekeepers Cooperative o

Mbankana assists armers in packaging and marketing honey and

wax. In 2011, CADIM received support rom the French Embassys

ocial Fund or Development to acquire honey extraction equipment

nd establish an additional 500 beehives.

More recently, CADIM has undertaken arming o catsh (clarias

ariepinus) and tilapia (oreochromis niotica) at the request o

armers. Two sites with a combined 125 ponds were established in

he villages o Yosso and Kiampu with technical assistance rom the

Aquaculture Department o the Ministry o Agriculture and unding

rom the UN FAO and the Embassy o Netherlands. Nine additional

onds and three hatcheries have been constructed at the CADIMenter with unding rom the Swiss Embassy. CADIM is conducting

tudies to nd local, afordable solutions to the major limitation

olding back this sector: the poor availability and high cost o sh

ood. Possible innovations include the use o vegetable waste rom

he manuacture o beer and malt.

A holistic approach

CADIM is involved in a number o other community welare activities,

s it understands itsel to be a center supporting integrated

development. In 2001, the organization ormed a Coordina

Committee to Control Sexually Transmitted Inections, HIV

AIDS (COLUVIS). COLUVIS volunteers received training rom

Arican Institute or Economic and Social Development (INA

and have since been active in disseminating inormation a

AIDS prevention. Volunteers organize discussion groups and s

activities to spread prevention inormation and CADIM prov

them with ongoing logistical support. The organization has

supported training in hygiene and childrens rights.

In 2002, the organization established 24 literacy centers. Litesessions specically targeted women who made up 90 per ce

the centers 205 students. Lessons integrate literacy training

teaching about agroorestry, agriculture and entrepreneurship

encourage women to network with one another and partici

in other aspects o CADIM activities. CADIM has also built t

secondary schools, two o which have agricultural departments

an agroorestry option. There is only one other secondary scho

the country that provides training in agroorestry.

To inorm the public o its activities and encourage w

participation, CADIM contributes to weekly radio programm

Kikongo, Lingala, and French on Rural Radio Munk, and distrib

a newsletter called Sango Balon to traditional authorities, pealeaders, civil society groups, schools and government institutio

its area o operation. In 2010, CADIM published seven issues o

newsletter, circulating approximately 300 copies each time.

To provide income to supplement its external unding, CADIM o

and operates a guesthouse, restaurant and conerence acility on

Bateke Plateau. With accommodation or 50, restaurant seatin

40 and a conerence room that can accommodate 60 particip

the organization is pursuing a sustainable way to und its activ

by hosting tourists and other visitors.

The Beekeepers Cooperative o Mbankana. Photo: CADIM.


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7

Impacts

BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS

CADIM projects have had a signicant impact on local biodiversity.

Perhaps the most critical impact in this regard has been the

organizations ability to reduce the strain on and overexploitation o

natural orests, contributing to the reappearance o plant and animal

pecies that had begun to diminish. CADIM notes the reappearance

o 45 plant species and 16 animal species. Reorestation activities

have also protected the regions glade ecosystems. CADIM measures

ts biodiversity impacts by using population surveys, ora and auna

nventories and studies carried out by researchers and students

rom institutions including the International Institute or Agricultural

tudy and Research (LInstitut International pour lEtude et la RechercheAgronomique - INERA), the International Institute or Tropical

Agriculture (lInstitute International pour lAgriculture Tropicale - IITA),

he University o Kinshasa and the University o Gembloux.

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

Reorestation eforts and the training and support o armers have

ncreased incomes, improved agricultural productivity and slowed

he rate o migration rom rural to urban areas. Farmers participating

n CADIM activities have diversied their sources o income and

heir households experience improved ood security as a result.

Much o the improvement has come in the increased yields o crops

ompared to traditional techniques, as illustrated in Table 1.

Honey production in the region increased rom 3,400 kg in

to 7,000 kg in 2007. Agroorestry has been protable or s

producers, producing an internal rate o return between 16 per

and 29 per cent.

Table 1: The improvement in cassava, maize and honey yields and revenues with the introduction of new techniques

Production Indicators Traditional Techniques Gross Revenue Agroorestry Techniques Gross Revenue

Cassava 5.5 T/ha USD 1,650 20 T/ha USD 5,000

Maize 0.6 T/ha USD 300 1.5 T/ha USD 750

Honey (per hive) 3.5 kg USD 8.40 15 kg USD 36

ource: CADIM.

Cassava and maize production have increased by 3.6 and 2.5 times respe

tively using agroorestry techniques. Photo: CADIM.


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Reinvesting in development

The main investments made with agroorestry revenues have been

ocused on the acquisition o cattle or transport and livestock

breeding. To date, more than 1,200 heads o livestock have been

acquired by small-scale armers. Animal traction can increase

production ve-old, and horse-drawn carts can transport about

300 kg o agricultural products to market at once. In 2010, CADIM

manuactured 100 wagons and sold 100 plows in the Mbankanaarea so that armers could improve productivity and market access

n these ways.

ncreases in armers incomes have led to an improvement in the

access o local children to healthcare and schooling. The organization

eports that its outreach eforts have supported this result, making

mothers increasingly aware o the importance o vaccinations,

chool attendance and home hygiene.

Literacy centers and Farmer Field Schools go urther to include

women in project activities, build their skills, and encourage

community participation. CADIM leaders note that as the project

has progressed, women have tended to speak up more o

in meetings and have emerged as leaders in more commu

activities and groups. As or indigenous people, they have al

been very involved in CADIM activities. The traditional autho

actively participate in and acilitate public support or the initia

The organizations various activities have created more than 3

jobs or micro-entreprenuers and laborers employed on a

arms.

POLICY IMPACTS

CADIM has received recognition rom and signed an agreement

the Ministry o the Environment, Nature Conservation and Tou

Due in part to the work o CADIM, the Minister o Land Afairs

agreed to use a ministerial decree to create a subdivision o

orest to provide land security or armers. CADIM has lobbie

political change by sending invitations to policymakers to visit

agroorestry sites and by participating in the drating o agricu

codes and policies.

8

It is important to exchange knowledge with others in order to establish artificial forests (nurse

techniques, planting, monitoring, protection against fire), for the operation and management of th

forests (assisted natural regeneration), in order to change attitudes, for environmental educatio

and in order to get local, provincial and national policy makers interested in biodiversity an

climate change issues.

Professor Taba Kalulu, CADIM

ncreased agricultural yields have led to corresponding increases in revenue or

mall-scale armers. Photo: CADIM.

Farming catfsh and tilapia supplements armers income. Photo: CADIM.


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9

Sustainability and Replication

SUSTAINABILITYhe two main actors contributing to the sustainability o CADIMs

ctivities are the adoption o technology by grassroots stakeholders

nd their organizations, and the involvement o local authorities

political-administrative, as well as traditional entities) in the

nitiatives endeavors. The organizations ecotourism initiative is

nother strategy that CADIM is using to raise some unds on the

ocal level to sustain its activities.

he development o partnerships has also been an important

lement o CADIMs sustainability Notable partners include the

Hanns Seidel Foundation, which provided nancial support; INERAwhich provides a constant supply o cassava varieties and improved

eeds, specically adapted to the region; and the International

rancophone Organization or the installation o community radio,

which has improved public awareness and served to ampliy

utreach initiatives.

he project could be made more sustainable, and its impacts

roadened, with a legal ramework or orest management and

nancial support to extend CADIMs work with indigenous peoples.

REPLICATIONDuring activities to mark the tieth anniversary o D

independence, CADIM was chosen as a model o sustain

development. The organizations agroorestry practices have

replicated by neighboring communities. Several representa

rom other DRC provinces with similar soil, vegetation and cli

conditions have visited CADIM project sites with a view to replica

certain activities in their own communities. The site o Mampu,

as an observatory o agroorestry techniques in the area, is ano

example o replication. CADIM has been able to spread agroor

to the villages surrounding Mampu Mbankana.

CADIM has shared its knowledge with the armers o the L

Congo region by arranging visits with those engaged in

development projects in Gungu in the province o Bandund

discuss ood security. CADIM has also shared knowledge a

provincial agricultural policy with relevant regional actor

Bandundu. These knowledge exchanges took place by way o

radio, video orums, meetings and armer evaluations, and thro

visits and consultation with armers organizations and state ac

A number o communities have applied the CADIM model, inclu

23 villages in the Bateke Plateau and a ood security project in

Gungu, Bandundu.

Involve state actors and those in the field of research, as well as traditional authorities an

opinion leaders. Do not forget to strengthen the training of facilitating technicians and farmer

The existence of a legal framework is also important. The local community radio can also b

useful for such communities as a tool for general awareness campaigns.

Professor Taba Kalulu, CADIM


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1010

PARTNERS

ADIM works with many international, national and academic

artners in the course o its activities. The Hans Seidel Foundation

as provided nancial support or training sessions or armers

nd rural organizations. The European Union provided unding to

stablish acacia plantations. World Vision supported socioeconomic

apacity building at the household level and some o CADIMs health

nd education activities. The French Embassy provides support orADIMs radio outreach eforts, and the International Francophone

Organization has supported local development plans and good-

overnance programs. The UN FAO provides and distributes seeds.

he embassies o Switzerland and the Netherlands provided

unding or establishment o sh arming. The Italian humanitarian

rganization La Cooperazione Internazionale and the European

ommission enabled CADIM to open its ood acility project in 2010.

Several academic institutions have been involved in many aspec

CADIMs initiatives. The International Institute or Agricultural S

and Research, the International Institute or Tropical Agriculture

University o Kinshasa, and the National Institute or Agricult

Studies and Research have all been active in creating and evalua

high-yielding crop varieties. CADIM granted our acres and alloc

an agricultural technician to a medicinal plants study organize

the Max Plank Institute Central Basin Project. The Tropical Agronand Veterinary Centre o Kinshasa has assisted CADIM in lives

health activities.

Finally, CADIM works hand in hand with the ollowing governm

ministries: The Ministry o Agriculture, The Ministry o R

Development, and The Ministry o the Environment, Na

Conservation and Tourism.

CADIMs work has broadened horizons or the arming amilies o the Bateke Plateau. Through providing training in improved agricultural practices and alter

ive livelihoods, the centre has brought about tangible social and economic benefts or the areas marginalised communities. Photos: CADIM.


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Equator Initiative

Environment and Energy GroupUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

304 East 45th Street, 6th Floor

New York, NY 10017

Tel: +1 646 781-4023

www.equatorinitiative.org

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the UNs global development network, advocating or change

onnecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better lie.

The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati

o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.

2012 by Equator Initiative

All rights reserved

FURTHER REFERENCE

Mbankana Centre or Integrated Development (CADIM) website: cadim.cd

Mbankana Centre or Integrated Development Annual Report 2010.

Hanns Seidel Foundation. Video on Mampu - A sustainable agroorestry arming project (Vimeo) vimeo.com/8309679

Click the thumbnails below to read more case studies like this:
http://www.cadim.cd/https://vimeo.com/8309679https://vimeo.com/8309679http://www.cadim.cd/http://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348162144.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348261464.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348164297.pdf

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