CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE(CCS)

• Why Carbon Sequestration ?• Inter Governmental Panel for Climate Change

(IPCC) report 2005• Role of Petroleum industry in the Process• Is CCS promising

OVERALL CCS PROCESS

• Source location• Capture process• Separation process• Compression • Transportation• Injection• Storage

CAPTURE PROCESS

• Pre combustion capture• Post combustion capture• Flue gas separation• Oxy fuel combustion

POWER & HEAT

POWER & HEAT

AIR SEPRATION

UNIT

POWER & HEAT

SERATION BODY

REFORMER + CO2 SEP

CO2 COMPRESSION DEHYDRATION

TRANSPORTATION

Post combustion

Pre combustion

Oxy fuel

air

air

Flue gases

co2

co2

co2

POST COMBUSTION CAPTURE

• Designed to separate co2 from flue gas produced by fossil fuel combustion

• Present technology– Amino acid absorption– Monoethanolamine absorption

PRE COMBUSTION CAPTURE

• Fuel is combusted in presence of oxygen• Used in coal gasification combined cycle

power plants• Highly conc CO2 obtained• CO2 containing steam is at elevated pressure

STORAGE OPTIONS

• Geological storage– Depleted oil and gas reservoir– Enhanced oil recovery– Unmineable coal seams– Deep saline formations

• Ocean storageAs dissolved co2As co2 lake

•Enhanced oil recoverymature technologyco2 temporary stored

•Depleted oil & gas reservoir•Most widely used currently•Disposing acid gas & other byproduct of oil &gas exploration•Reservoir should be isolated and have sufficient porosity

• Unmineable coal seams– CO2 can enhance coal bed methane recovery–Methane removal offset the cost of CO2

storage operation

• Deep saline formations– These reservoirs are widely spread– CO2 density depends on depth of injection– Either trapped in cap rock above aquifer– Or CO2 may be dissolved by reacting

• Ocean storage– Largest potential sink for CO2–40,000 gtc in ocean & 750 gtc in atm– If CO2 released below 3000m it will sink and

form CO2 lake– If injected at 1500-3000 m it will dissolve in

ocean water–Can be injected in form of bicarbonate ion at

>200m

CCS IN INDIAN COAL SEAMS(A case study)

• India has huge coal reserve• Unmineable coal seam as large potential for

CBM• CO2 replaces CBM• 99% of Indian coal reserve belong to

Gondwana basin• 4 category of coal basin

• Coal has dual porosity (macro pore & micro pore )

• Coal has extra affinity for CO2 than methane• Study was conducted on 3000ft * 2400ft * 30ft

block• CO2 injected in block• Cumulative gas injection for 20 yr depicted

•Rate of gas injection is high during initial years•Peak is obtained within months of injection

Cumulative CO2 injection with time

Cumulative CBM production with time Rate of water production with time

•Injection of co2 provides extra drive mechanism for methane release

• Water production rate shows decline• After few months reservoir is dry• Now CBM can be released by gas injection

only• CO2 is best option

Review of some techniques economically not suited to CCS

• Adsorption• Self assembled nanoporous materials• Membrane process• Cryogenic or refrigeration oriented

PROPOSED TECHNIQUES

1.Fast shaking truck– Use of transition metals for adsorption– Sonic chemistry for desorption

2. PH swing• PH maintained alkaline

3. Melting point swing• Salt hydrate used

CONCLUSION

• Economic• Technical• Environmental • Social

REFRENCES• David Thomas & Sally Benson CO2 capture and storage project, 2005, • CCS from fossil fuel use, Massachuesetts institute of technology, Howard Herzog & Dan Golomb• American petroleum institute, compendium for green house gas emission Methodologies for oil

& gas industry• V.Vishal, T.N Singh, IIT, Carbon capture and storage Indian coal seams, CMTC 151614, feb 2012• K.Ritter, S. Crookshank, API, Carbon capture and storage, CMTC151437, feb 2012• J.Gholinezad, Heriot-watt universuity, pre combustion captur of co2 from capture from synthesis

gas mixture , SPE143580, may 2011• A.A.Espie, BP Exploration, co2 capture and storage: contributing to sustainable world growth,

IPTC 10936, nov2005• J.P.Cifemo, national energy technology laboratory, US DOE , post combustion carbon capture

R&D programme, CMTC 151635, feb 2012• S.Wong, W.D.Gunter, Alberta research council, Economics of co2 sequestration in CBM reservoirs,

SPE 59785, april 2000• H.Ida, M.Ono, N.Takasu, National Institute of advanced industrial science/technology, CO2

capture technology using semi-clathrate hydrates. CMTC 151123, feb 2012

ByManish KumarRamanandDept of Petroleum engg.