cadence tutorial
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Cadence tutorialTRANSCRIPT
Introduction to VLSI Design ECSE 4220
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Cadence Tutorial Usage and Design process
Asif Jahangir Chowdhury 11-10-2014
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Contents
Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. 2
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Logging into remote server ........................................................................................................................... 5
Changing License Information ...................................................................................................................... 7
Starting Cadence Environment ..................................................................................................................... 8
Creating New Library .................................................................................................................................... 8
Creating the Schematic of the Inverter ....................................................................................................... 10
Creating the Symbol .................................................................................................................................... 18
Testing the inverter ..................................................................................................................................... 19
Drawing the layout ...................................................................................................................................... 23
Creating Layout XL file .................................................................................................................... 23
Placing the Elements ....................................................................................................................... 24
Routing ............................................................................................................................................ 27
DRC .................................................................................................................................................. 30
LVS (Layout Validated to Schematic) .............................................................................................. 32
Network Extraction to Obtain wire Parasitics ............................................................................................. 37
Extracted Simulation with wire Parasitics for Speed comparison .............................................................. 39
2 input NAND .............................................................................................................................................. 43
Schematic of Circuit ........................................................................................................................ 43
Simulation Waveform (No parasitics) ............................................................................................. 44
Layout .............................................................................................................................................. 45
Design Rule Check ........................................................................................................................... 45
Network extraction to obtain Parasitics ......................................................................................... 46
Extracted simulation with wire parasitics ....................................................................................... 47
Ring Oscillator (Inverter) ............................................................................................................................. 48
Ring Oscillator (NAND) ................................................................................................................................ 53
Ring Oscillator (10X Inverters) .................................................................................................................... 55
Ring Oscillator (10X Inverters with multiple fingers) .................................................................................. 58
2
Table of Figures Fig. 1 Remote Desktop Connection Dialog Box --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Fig. 2 Remote Desktop Connection Dialog box after inserting the Server Address ------------------------------ 6
Fig. 3 Server Login Window ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Fig. 4 Changing the License Information ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
Fig. 5 CIW Window --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Fig. 6 New Library Box ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Fig. 7 Attach Design Library ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Fig. 8 sige5am technology library selected --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Fig. 9 Add AMS Library Properties -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Fig. 10 Metal M5 Selection ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Fig. 11 Library Manager -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
Fig. 12 Create New File --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
Fig. 13 Schematic Editor Window ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
Fig. 14 Add Instance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11
Fig. 15 Add Instance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
Fig. 16 Add instance with NFET info ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
Fig. 17Library browser - Add instance for PFET -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
Fig. 18 Add Instance for PFET [Important note- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
Fig. 19 Add Instance for the SUBC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
Fig. 20 All the elements placed ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
Fig. 21 Add Pin Dialog Box ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Fig. 22 All the Pins and FETs are placed in the editor ------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Fig. 23 Wires connected ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
Fig. 24 Add Wire name --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
Fig. 25 Completed Schematic of the inverter ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
Fig. 26 No Errors in the Schematic ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17
Fig. 27 Add Pins ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18
Fig. 28 Add Symbol -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
Fig. 29 Add Selection Box ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18
Fig. 30 Inverter Symbol -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
Fig. 31 Schematic of the inverter test circuit ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
Fig. 32 Analog Design Environment window------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
Fig. 33 Choosing Analyses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Fig. 34 Netlist and Run Successful ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Fig. 35 Plotting the output and inputs-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Fig. 36 Output waveform ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22
Fig. 37 Output waveform with separate axes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
Fig. 38 Menu of Layout Creation--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
Fig. 39 Create New Layout ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
Fig. 40 Startup Option ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
Fig. 41 Create Instance --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
Fig. 42 Adding PFET instance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
Fig. 43 Specifying the PFET parameters similar to the schematic --------------------------------------------------- 25
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Fig. 44 PFET, NFET and SUB elements placed in the layout editor -------------------------------------------------- 26
Fig. 45 Modifying Display options ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
Fig. 46 PFET, NFET and SUB elements in the layout editor after the display options configured properly 27
Fig. 47 Create symbolic pin --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Fig. 48 Create Shape Pin ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Fig. 49 Connecting Input pin with the gates ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
Fig. 50 Complete Layout before DRC --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
Fig. 51 DRC option --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
Fig. 52 Prompt for Line Mode & Orthogonal checking ----------------------------------------------------------------- 30
Fig. 53 DRC options ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
Fig. 54 Successful DRC Check ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
Fig. 55 Extractor Option form ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32
Fig. 56 Message after Extraction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
Fig. 57 Library manager to check the extracted view------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
Fig. 58 Opening extracted view ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
Fig. 59 Extracted View ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
Fig. 60 LVS Artist ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
Fig. 61 Prompt for LVS Artist -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
Fig. 62 Opening Analog Extracted ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
Fig. 63 LVS succeeded message ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
Fig. 64 netlist matches with the schematic ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
Fig. 65 Setting the switches before extraction --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
Fig. 66 Extractor with switches ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
Fig. 67 Build Analog ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
Fig. 68 Analog Extracted ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
Fig. 69 Analog Environment for Extracted Simulation ------------------------------------------------------------------ 39
Fig. 70 Option to change the environment ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
Fig. 71 Switch View list edited ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40
Fig. 72 Setting up the analyses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
Fig. 73 Waveform with and without Parasitics --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
Fig. 74 Waveform with Parasitics -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
Fig. 75 Schematic of the NAND with W/L ratio (W/L)p = 27/1 and (W/L)n=20/1 -------------------------------- 43
Fig. 76 Symbol of NAND-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
Fig. 77 Test Circuit NAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 44
Fig. 78 Waveform with no parasitics --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
Fig. 79 NAND Gate Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
Fig. 80 DRC Check Confirmation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
Fig. 81 Network Extraction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
Fig. 82 Build Analog NAND ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
Fig. 83 Simulation with Extracted Parameters --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
Fig. 84 Slight change in the delay due to parasitics --------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
Fig. 85 Schematic of the Ring inverter ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
Fig. 86 Waveform of the ring oscillator ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
Fig. 87 layout of the ring oscillator ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 49
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Fig. 88 DRC of ring oscillator -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
Fig. 89 Extraction of the ring oscillator ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
Fig. 90 Extracted circuit in the library manager -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
Fig. 91 LVS successful ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
Fig. 92 Netlist match after LVS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
Fig. 93 with wire parasitics waveform -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
Fig. 94 Ring oscillator with NAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
Fig. 95 Layout of ring oscillator with NAND gate ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 53
Fig. 96 Waveform without parasitics --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
Fig. 97 with parasitics Ring oscillator with nand ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
Fig. 98 Schematic of 10X inverters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 55
Fig. 99 symbol -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
Fig. 100 Schematic of the ring oscillator ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
Fig. 101 Waveform of the ring oscillator with 10x size ----------------------------------------------------------------- 56
Fig. 102 comparison with Normal ring oscillator top normal ring oscillator, bottom 10x ring oscillator -- 57
Fig. 103 Schematic of the inverter ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 58
Fig. 104 symbol ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 58
Fig. 105 schematic of the ring oscillator ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
Fig. 106 waveform without parasitics -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
Fig. 107 layout of the ring oscillator with fingers ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 59
Fig. 108 waveform with parasitics (First one with no parasitics, second one with parasitics) --------------- 59
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Introduction
This document is a tutorial write up for the course Introduction to VLSI Design. In the tutorial we were
taught how to use Cadence for designing VLSI circuits and create layout of the circuits for fabrication.
Logging into remote server
The process of logging into the remote server is as follows –
1. Pressed Start Button.
2. Wrote Remote Desktop Connection in the Search Programs and Files Text box.
3. The Remote Desktop Connection box appeared [Fig. 1]
4. At the Computer Text box the address of the server was entered. For this tutorial the name of
the server used was “ts1.ecse.rpi.edu”. The condition of the Dialog box after entering the
address is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 Remote Desktop Connection Dialog Box
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5. Next, the connect Button was pressed. The login window appeared. [Fig. 3]
6. After inserting the username and password provided previously and pressing OK the Desktop of
the Server PC will appear.
Fig. 2 Remote Desktop Connection Dialog box after inserting the Server Address
Fig. 3 Server Login Window
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Changing License Information For the first time use only, we needed to change the license information in the server’s .bashrc file. For
this we needed to follow these steps.
1. Opening the Terminal window from Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal.
2. In the terminal window we typed the following command gedit .bashrc.
3. After that the .bashrc file opened.
4. In that File we had to change the line export [email protected] to
export [email protected]
5. Then we had to save the .bashrc file by clicking the save button.
6. After that we had to close the .bashrc file and the Terminal window as well. [Fig. 4]
Fig. 4 Changing the License Information
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Starting Cadence Environment
For starting the Cadence interface we had to type icfb& in the terminal window. The ‘&’ sign after the
command ensures that the Cadence process will run in parallel and will not block the terminal. This
enables the user to use the same terminal window to use if needed. The image of the CIW window is
given in Fig.5.
Creating New Library
1. Clicked IBM_PDK – Library – Create. The Following New Library Dialog Box appeared. [Fig 6] In
the Dialog Box the appropriate Library Name is provided. Also the Option Attach to an existing
techfile option is checked. After that OK button is pressed.
Fig. 5 CIW Window
Fig. 6 New Library Box
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2. When OK is pressed the Attach Design Library to Technology File box appears. [Fig. 7]
3. For the Technology Library, Sige5AM is selected. [Fig. 8] After that OK button is pressed.
4. The Add AMS Library Property box appears. [Fig. 9]
5. In the Number of levels of metal M5 is selected. [Fig. 10] Then OK Button is pressed.
Fig. 7 Attach Design Library
Fig. 8 sige5am technology library selected
Fig. 9 Add AMS Library Properties
Fig. 10 Metal M5 Selection
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After that the Library is created. It can be viewed from Tools- Library Manager. [Fig. 11]
Creating the Schematic of the Inverter
1. Create a new Schematic file by clicking File -> New -> cellview. The Create New file box appears.
[Fig 12]
Fig. 11 Library Manager
Fig. 12 Create New File
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2. After inserting the Cell name, view name and selecting Composer-Schematic Tool dropdown list,
the new Schematic window appears. [Fig. 13]
3. Now we need to add all the circuit elements in the editor. At first we need to go to Edit -> Add
Instance (or i) to insert the elements. The Add instance box appears. [Fig. 14]
4. When the Browse button is pressed, the Library Browser – Add Instance Box appears. [Fig. 15]
Like the Fig. 15 we can select sige5am as the Library, FET as the Category, nfet as the cell and
symbol as the view. After that the Add Instance box changes like the [Fig. 16]. Here we need to
change the width of the NFET to 10 uM. [Fig. 16]
Fig. 13 Schematic Editor Window
Fig. 14 Add Instance
12
Fig. 15 Add Instance
Fig. 16 Add instance with NFET info
13
Fig. 17Library browser - Add instance for PFET
Fig. 18 Add Instance for PFET [Important note- 1. The Add nw contact & dt to pcell should
be checked 2. The width should be 27 uM]
5. After that we can place the NFET in the Schematic editor. The same process is applied for the
PFET and SUBC elements. [Fig. 17, 18, 19, 20]
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Fig. 20 All the elements placed
6. Now we need to add the input and output pins and wire the elements. For adding Pin we need
to click on Add -> Pin and to add wire we need to click on Add -> wire (narrow). [Fig. 21,22,23]
Fig. 19 Add Instance for the SUBC
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Fig. 22 All the Pins and FETs are placed in the editor
Fig. 21 Add Pin Dialog Box
16
Fig. 23 Wires connected
Fig. 24 Add Wire name
7. After connecting all the wires we need to name the wires by pressing Add -> Wire name. [Fig.
24, 25]
17
Fig. 25 Completed Schematic of the inverter
Fig. 26 No Errors in the Schematic
8. When this is done, we need to press Design -> Check and save to save the schematic. [Fig. 26]
18
Fig. 27 Add Pins
Fig. 28 Add Symbol
Fig. 29 Add Selection Box
Creating the Symbol
1. The symbol file could be created from CIW’s File -> New -> Cell View.
2. Clicking the Add –> shape –> line option we need to draw the triangle of the inverter.
3. Then from Add –> shape –> circle option we need to draw the circle in front of the inverter.
4. Next we need to add the input and output pins and connect those using lines. [Fig. 27]
5. After that we can add the label of the instance from Add –> label option. [Fig. 28]
6. We can then add selection box from Add – Selection Box. [Fig. 29]
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Fig. 30 Inverter Symbol
7. When the symbol is finished, it should look like the following figure. [Fig. 30]
Testing the inverter
1. The circuit which was built for the inverter testing is given in the [Fig. 31]
2. To go the simulation environment we need to go to Tools –> Analog Environment. Window in
Fig. 32 appears.
3. After choosing the appropriate set up in the analog environment we press netlist and run icon.
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Fig. 31 Schematic of the inverter test circuit
Fig. 32 Analog Design Environment window
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Fig. 33 Choosing Analyses
Fig. 34 Netlist and Run Successful
22
Fig. 35 Plotting the output and inputs
Fig. 36 Output waveform
4. After the net list and run step is successful, we select Output -> Direct Plot -> Transient Signal
from the menu and then select the desired nodes from the schematic and press ESC. Following
that step we can get the waveform of the Inverter circuit.
23
Fig. 37 Output waveform with separate axes
Fig. 38 Menu of Layout Creation
Drawing the layout
Creating Layout XL file
1. In the Schematic Editor of the Inverter If we click Tools -> Design Synthesis -> Layout XL, the
following form appears. [Fig. 39]
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Fig. 39 Create New Layout
Fig. 40 Startup Option
Fig. 41 Create Instance
2. When the OK button is clicked in the Create New File box, the Startup option form appears. For
creating a new Layout the Create new check box should be selected. After that OK is pressed. [Fig.
40]
Placing the Elements
1. In the layout editor we need to input instances of PFET, NFET and SUB similar to the Schematic of
the Inverter. The Add instance window is similar to that in the Schematic. [Fig. 41]
25
Fig. 42 Adding PFET instance
Fig. 43 Specifying the PFET parameters similar to the schematic
26
Fig. 44 PFET, NFET and SUB elements placed in the layout editor
Fig. 45 Modifying Display options
2. To make all the layers visible we need to click options -> Display and press default in the Display
options window and press ok. [Fig. 45]
27
Fig. 46 PFET, NFET and SUB elements in the layout editor after the display options configured properly
3. Doing the previous step should make the layout like the following figure [Fig. 46].
Routing
After placing all the elements, we need to set up the pins and wires of the circuit. At first we need to
set up the pins. In the schematic there are four pins. Among them only the input pin is in the
polysilicon (pc) layer and the vdd, gnd and output are in the m1 (metal 1) layer. At first we need to
create the input pin. For that we have to select pc- pin in the LSW window. After that we have to click
Create -> Pin menu. A box will appear [Fig. 47]. In that box we need to select shape pin. After doing
that, another box will appear called the create shape pin [Fig. 48]. In that box we need to specifiy the
terminal names, check display pin name options, I/O type and draw the pin in the layout editor. We
need to follow the process for output, gnd and vdd as well. After all the pins are placed, we need to
connect them with wires. For connecting the input pin with the gates of both the FETs, we again need
to select pc – drw from the LSW window, then select Create -> Path from the menu. Then if we click
on one end of the gate and draw the pointer to the other FET’s gate we will get a path. We need to
use Create -> Rectangle to create the metal wires.
28
Fig. 47 Create symbolic pin
Fig. 48 Create Shape Pin
29
Fig. 49 Connecting Input pin with the gates
Fig. 50 Complete Layout before DRC
30
Fig. 51 DRC option
Fig. 52 Prompt for Line Mode & Orthogonal checking
DRC
1. For checking the DRC (Design Rule Checking) we need to press IBM_PDK -> Checking -> DRC
[Fig. 51]. Sometimes the IBM_PDK options is not present. To recover this options we need to
close the layout editor and reopen it.
2. There is a Do you wish to run line Mode & Orthogonal Checking box, we need to press yes [Fig.
52], then there is DRC window, we also need OK press ok there. [Fig. 53]
31
Fig. 53 DRC options
Fig. 54 Successful DRC Check
3. If there is no error in the schematic, we will get the following message in the CIW window. [Fig.
54]
32
Fig. 55 Extractor Option form
Fig. 56 Message after Extraction
LVS (Layout Validated to Schematic)
1. Before we can do LVS, we need to extract the schematic from the layout that we have just
designed. For that we need to press IBM_PDK -> Checking -> Extract. We will get the following
window after that. [Fig. 55]
33
Fig. 57 Library manager to check the extracted view
Fig. 58 Opening extracted view
34
Fig. 59 Extracted View
Fig. 60 LVS Artist
2. After that we can do LVS. For that, we need to press Verify -> LVS. The LVS Artist window
appears. [Fig. 60]
35
Fig. 61 Prompt for LVS Artist
Fig. 62 Opening Analog Extracted
36
Fig. 63 LVS succeeded message
Fig. 64 netlist matches with the schematic
37
Fig. 66 Extractor with switches
Network Extraction to Obtain wire Parasitics
The network Extraction is similar to the previously discussed LVS checking. We just need to select the
Parasitics (Raphael Cap and Rparasitics) from Extractor windows set switches button. [Fig. 64, 65]. Later
in the ARTIST LVS we need to run for successful LVS and then press Build Analog to make the
analog_extracted circuit for wire Parasitics data.
Fig. 65 Setting the switches before extraction
38
Fig. 67 Build Analog
39
Fig. 68 Analog Extracted
Fig. 69 Analog Environment for Extracted Simulation
Extracted Simulation with wire Parasitics for Speed comparison
This process is similar to the simulation of the Inverter Test circuit. But here we have to press setup ->
Environment [Fig. 69] in the Analog Environment form and need to change switch view list according to
[Fig. 71]
40
Fig. 70 Option to change the environment
Fig. 71 Switch View list edited
41
Fig. 72 Setting up the analyses
Fig. 73 Waveform with and without Parasitics
42
Fig. 74 Waveform with Parasitics
43
Fig. 75 Schematic of the NAND with W/L ratio (W/L)p = 27/1 and (W/L)n=20/1
Fig. 76 Symbol of NAND
2 input NAND
Schematic of Circuit
44
Fig. 77 Test Circuit NAND
Fig. 78 Waveform with no parasitics
Simulation Waveform (No parasitics)
45
Fig. 79 NAND Gate Layout
Fig. 80 DRC Check Confirmation
Layout
Design Rule Check
46
Fig. 81 Network Extraction
Fig. 82 Build Analog NAND
Network extraction to obtain Parasitics
47
Fig. 83 Simulation with Extracted Parameters
Fig. 84 Slight change in the delay due to parasitics
Extracted simulation with wire parasitics
48
Fig. 85 Schematic of the Ring inverter
Fig. 86 Waveform of the ring oscillator
Ring Oscillator (Inverter)
Schematic
Waveform
49
Fig. 87 layout of the ring oscillator
Fig. 88 DRC of ring oscillator
Layout
DRC
50
Fig. 89 Extraction of the ring oscillator
Fig. 90 Extracted circuit in the library manager
Parasitics Extraction and LVS
51
Fig. 91 LVS successful
Fig. 92 Netlist match after LVS
52
Fig. 93 with wire parasitics waveform
Extracted Simulation with wire parasitics
53
Fig. 94 Ring oscillator with NAND
Fig. 95 Layout of ring oscillator with NAND gate
Ring Oscillator (NAND)
Schematic
Layout
54
Fig. 96 Waveform without parasitics
Fig. 97 with parasitics Ring oscillator with nand
Waveform without Parasitics
Waveform with parasitics
55
Fig. 98 Schematic of 10X inverters
Fig. 99 symbol
Ring Oscillator (10X Inverters)
Schematic of 10X large inverters
Symbol of the inverter
56
Fig. 100 Schematic of the ring oscillator
Fig. 101 Waveform of the ring oscillator with 10x size
Schematic of the ring oscillator
Waveform
57
Fig. 102 comparison with Normal ring oscillator top normal ring oscillator, bottom 10x ring oscillator
58
Fig. 103 Schematic of the inverter
Fig. 104 symbol
Ring Oscillator (10X Inverters with multiple fingers)
Schematic of 10X large inverters with multiple fingers
Symbol of the inverter
59
Fig. 105 schematic of the ring oscillator
Schematic of the ring oscillator
Waveform
Fig. 106 waveform without parasitics
60
Fig. 107 layout of the ring oscillator with fingers
Fig. 108 waveform with parasitics (First one with no parasitics, second one with parasitics)
Layout
Waveform with parasitics