30-Nov-18

1

BWC relevant S&T developments in Asia

Bacterial and Viral Agents of Special Interest in Bangladesh: Biosafety, Biosecurity, 

Bi t i d Bi d f P d

Regional Workshop on Science and Technology:Developments Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) for Asia Seda Vertis Hotel, Philippines , 21‐22 November 2018

Bioterrorism and Biodefense Preparedness

Dr. AsadulghaniHead, Biosafety and BSL3 Laboratory, icddr,b

President, Bangladesh Biosafety and Biosecurity Society

Objectives

• Introducing Bangladesh• Bacterial and Viral Agents of Special Interest in

Bangladesh– Bacterial Agents of Special Interest– Viral Agents of Special InterestViral Agents of Special Interest

• Biosafety, Biosecurity, Bioterrorism and Biodefense Preparedness– Resource Persons Development Program– Sensitization and Training Program in Bangladesh– Bioterrorism and Biodefense Awareness in Bangladesh

• Biosafety and Biosecurity in the Arena of Science and Technology

• Conclusion

Promoting Biosafety and Biosecurity

Introducing Bangladesh Introducing Bangladesh 

Bangladesh

https://www.healthmap.org/en/

Bangladesh

https://www.healthmap.org/en/

Bangladesh : Life Expectancy

Year Male Female All Rank

1960 41 39.9 40.5 144

1970 44.8 44.3 44.5 144

1980 48.9 48.7 48.8 147

1990 54.5 55.1 54.8 146

2000 64.9 65.6 65.3 118

2010 68.9 71.1 69.9 106

2016 71.1 74.4 72.7 97

2018 71.1 74.4 72.7 97

30-Nov-18

2

Geographic distribution of Henipahvirus outbreaks and fruit bats Dengue countries or areas at risk

Japanese encephalitis: countries or areas at risk Global TB incidence distribution map

Global surveillance on anthrax incidence

Global distribution of emerging infectious disease events

30-Nov-18

3

Life Expectancy

120

140

160 BangladeshBangladesh World RankJapanJapan World Rank

0

20

40

60

80

100

in 1960 in 1970 in 1980 in 1990 in 2000 in 2010 in 2016 in 2018

Leading causes of death in Bangladesh

1Stroke 14Breast Cancer 27Malnutrition 40Hepatitis B2Coronary Heart Disease

15Cervical Cancer 28Other Injuries 41Syphilis

3Lung Disease 16Oesophagus Cancer 29Ovary Cancer 42Prostate Cancer

4Tuberculosis 17Lung Cancers 30Epilepsy 43Leukemia

5Diabetes Mellitus 18Asthma 31Violence 44Other Neoplasmsp

6Influenza and Pneumonia

19Birth Trauma 32Endocrine Disorders 45Encephalitis

7Liver Diseases 20Alzheimers/ Dementia

33Skin Disease 46Fires

8Diarrhoeal diseases

21Hypertension 34Colon‐Rectum Cancers

47Meningitis

9Road Traffic Accidents

22Congenital Anomalies

35Maternal Conditions 48Bladder Cancer

10Kidney Disease 23Suicide 36Liver Cancer 49Appendicitis11Low Birth Weight 24Peptic Ulcer Disease 37Lymphomas 50Pancreas Cancer

12Oral Cancer 25Stomach Cancer 38Drug Use13Drowning 26Falls 39Rheumatic Heart 

Disease

Promoting Biosafety and Biosecurity

Bacterial and Viral Agents of Special Interest in Bacterial and Viral Agents of Special Interest in Bangladesh

Bacterial Agents of Special Interest Viral Agents of Special Interest

NIAID category A Priority Pathogens

• Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)

• Clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism)

• Yersinia pestis (plague)

• Variola major (smallpox) and h l d

• Viral hemorrhagic fevers – Arenaviruses 

• Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, Chapare (new in fiscal year (FY14), Lassa, Lujo (new in FY14)

other related pox viruses

• Francisella tularensis (tularemia)

)– Bunyaviruses 

• Hantaviruses causing Hanta Pulmonary syndrome, Rift Valley Fever, Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

– Flaviviruses • Dengue

– Filoviruses • Ebola• Marburg

NIAID category B Priority Pathogens

•Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis)

•Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

•Brucella species (brucellosis)

•Burkholderia mallei (glanders)

•Food‐ and waterborne pathogens 

–Bacteria 

•Diarrheagenic E.coli

•Pathogenic Vibrios

•Shigella species•Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis)

•Ricin toxin (Ricinus communis)

•Epsilon toxin (Clostridium perfringens)

•Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB)

•Typhus fever (Rickettsia prowazekii)

•Salmonella

•Listeria monocytogenes

•Campylobacter jejuni

•Yersinia enterocolitica

–Viruses 

•Caliciviruses

•Hepatitis A

NIAID category B Priority Pathogens

–Protozoa 

•Cryptosporidium parvum

•Cyclospora cayatanensis

•Giardia lamblia

•Entamoeba histolytica

•Mosquito‐borne viruses 

–West Nile virus (WNV)

–LaCrosse encephalitis (LACV)

–California encephalitis

–Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)

•Toxoplasma gondii

•Naegleria fowleri (new in FY14)

•Balamuthia mandrillaris (new in FY14)

–Fungi 

•Microsporidia

–Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)

–Western equine encephalitis (WEE)

–Japanese encephalitis virus (JE)

–St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV)

–Yellow fever virus (YFV)

–Chikungunya virus

–Zika virus

30-Nov-18

4

NIAID category C Priority Pathogens

• Nipah and Hendra viruses

• Additional hantaviruses

• Tickborne hemorrhagic fever viruses 

– Bunyaviruses 

• Tickborne encephalitis complex flaviviruses 

– Tickborne encephalitis viruses

– European subtype

– Far Eastern subtype

• Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus

– Flaviviruses 

• Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus, Alkhurma virus, Kyasanur Forest virus

– Siberian subtype

– Powassan/Deer Tick virus

• Tuberculosis, including drug‐resistant TB

• Influenza virus

• Other Rickettsias

• Rabies virus

• Prions

Category C Priority Pathogens

Category C Priority Pathogens, cont..

• Coccidioides spp.

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus

Research and Development

• Antimicrobial resistance, excluding research on sexually transmitted organisms, unless the resistance is newly emerging* Research on mechanisms of(SARS‐CoV), MERS‐CoV, and other 

highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (new in FY14)

• Antimicrobial resistance, excluding research on sexually transmitted organisms, unless the resistance is newly emerging*

Research on mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance

• Studies of the emergence and/or spread of antimicrobial resistance genes within pathogen populations

• Studies of the emergence and/or spread of antimicrobial‐resistant pathogens in human populations

Research and Development

Research and Development , cont.

• Research on therapeutic approaches that target resistance mechanisms

• Modification of existing antimicrobials 

• Antimicrobial research, as related to engineered threats and naturally occurring drug‐resistant pathogens, focused on development of broad‐spectrum antimicrobials

to overcome emergent resistance*Excluded Research (Sexually Transmitted Organisms) ‐ Bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis, cytomegalovirus, Granulomainguinale,Hemophilus ducreyi, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus,Treponemapallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis

• Immunology studies that advance our understanding of host defenses applicable to the biodefense effort, for example

– Adjuvants

– Innate Immunity

– Adaptive Immunity

– Mucosal Immunity

Additional Emerging Infectious Diseases/ Pathogens

• Acanthamebiasis

• Anaplasmosis (new in FY14)

• Australian bat lyssavirus

• Babesia, atypical

• Bartonella henselae

• Ehrlichiosis

• Enterovirus 68 (new in FY15)

• Enterovirus 71

• Hepatitis C (new in FY14)

• Hepatitis E (new in FY14)

• BK virus (new in FY14)

• Bordetella pertussis (new in FY15)

• Borrelia mayonii (new in FY18)

• Borrelia miyamotoi (new in FY14)

• Human herpesvirus 6

• Human herpesvirus 8

• JC virus (new in FY14)

• Leptospirosis (new in FY14)

• Mucormycosis (new in FY14)

• Poliovirus (new in FY15)

• Rubeola (measles) (new in FY14)

• Streptococcus, Group A

Additional Emerging Infectious Diseases/ Pathogens

• Acanthamebiasis

• Anaplasmosis (new in FY14)

• Australian bat lyssavirus

• Babesia, atypical

• Bartonella henselae

• Ehrlichiosis

• Enterovirus 68 (new in FY15)

• Enterovirus 71

• Hepatitis C (new in FY14)

• Hepatitis E (new in FY14)

• BK virus (new in FY14)

• Bordetella pertussis (new in FY15)

• Borrelia mayonii (new in FY18)

• Borrelia miyamotoi (new in FY14)

• Human herpesvirus 6

• Human herpesvirus 8

• JC virus (new in FY14)

• Leptospirosis (new in FY14)

• Mucormycosis (new in FY14)

• Poliovirus (new in FY15)

• Rubeola (measles) (new in FY14)

• Streptococcus, Group A

Bacterial Agents of Special Interest in Bangladesh

Category A

– Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)

– Clostridium botulinumtoxin (botulism)

Category B

– Burkholderia pseudomallei(melioidosis)

– Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

– Brucella species (brucellosis)toxin (botulism)

– Yersinia pestis (plague)

– Francisella tularensis(tularemia)

– Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB)

– Typhus fever (Rickettsiaprowazekii)

– Diarrheagenic E.coli

– Pathogenic Vibrios

– Shigella species

– Salmonella

30-Nov-18

5

Bacterial Agents of Special Interest in Bangladesh

Category B

– Campylobacter jejuni

– Yersinia enterocolitica

– Giardia lamblia

Category C

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including drug‐resistant TB

– Entamoeba histolytica

– Toxoplasma gondii

Viral Agents of Special Interest in Bangladesh

Category A

– Variola major (smallpox) 

– Dengue

Category B

Category C

• Nipah viruses

• Influenza virus

• Rabies virus– Hepatitis A virus

– Chikungunya virus

• Rabies virus

• SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, 

• Poliovirus

Promoting Biosafety and Biosecurity

Biosafety Biosecurity Bioterrorism and Biodefense Biosafety, Biosecurity, Bioterrorism and Biodefense Preparedness

Resource Persons Development Program Sensitization and Training Program in Bangladesh Bioterrorism and Biodefense Awareness in Bangladesh

Resource persons Development program

54

50

6054

4237

0

10

20

30

40

AVA MD OD

AVA: Agricultural, Veterinary and Animal Sciences; MD: Medical Doctor; OD: other disciplines of Biological Sciences

Resource persons Resource persons

30-Nov-18

6

Sensitization and Training Programs in Bangladesh

SL No

Activities Participants Year

1 Divisional Sensitization on Biosafety and Biosecurity  1406 2015‐18

2 Nationwide Training on Biosafety and Biosecurity 1207 2015‐18

3 Workshop on Strengthening Waste Management 226 2017‐18

4 Other Workshop on Biosafety and Biosecurity 453 2017‐18

Bioterrorism and Biodefense Awareness in Bangladesh

• Identify all the laboratories with a potential to proliferate bioterrorism agents.

• Popularize culture free disease diagnosis

• Baseline assessment of all the field disease investigation and rectification plan

Bioterrorism and Biodefense Awareness in Bangladesh

Biorisk management training program for CID, Dhaka ‐Organized on 23 July 2017, at Sasakawa Auditorium

Bioterrorism and Biodefense Awareness in Bangladesh

Seminar and Workshop on Biosafety, Biosecurity, Bioterrorism and Biodefense ‐ Organized at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology On 22‐23 August 2016 

Promoting Biosafety and Biosecurity

Biosafety and Biosecurity in the Arena of Science and Technology

icddr,b biosafety program

icddr,b biosafety program• Biosafety and Biosecurity Program

Manual• Annual Training Program

R f h i i P• Refresher training Program• Orientation on Biosafety and Biosecurity• Safety Audit• Biological Waste Management Program• Central Biorepository Management

– Maintain liaison with NTFC and update data of polio free status

30-Nov-18

7

Integration of biosafety and biosecurity in Medical Biotechnology

Center for Medical Biotechnology, MIS, DGHS

Workshop on Medical Biotechnology for Medical Teachers

Principles of Practices of Biosafety & Biosecurity  and laboratory waste disposal

Integration of biosafety and biosecurity in other areas

• National institute of Biotechnology

• Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

• Other Universities

Course Content• History and development of 

Biosafety and Biosecurity practices• Biosafety Principles and Practices

– Hazard Identification– Hazard Assessment

H d C l• Other Universities – Hazard Control– Administrative Control– Special Consideration for 

Biosafety

• Biosecurity Principles and Practices• Biosecurity Measures• Bioterrorism• Biodefense

• Biorisk Assessment and Management

• Responsible Conduct of Research• Biological Waste Management

Conclusion

Academic curriculumInstitutional training

Lab identificationInitiation of IBC and training

SOP and Manual

Sustainable Biosafety and Biosecurity Program

Reassessment/AuditRefresher training

Up‐gradation of BSBS statusBiological Waste  management

Provide training kitTraining workshop/seminarBaseline assessmentSensitization seminarResource persons development

Strengthening Biosafety and Biosecurity Status in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Biosafety and Biosecurity Guideline

Bangladesh biosafety and Biosecurity Society Acknowledgement

• Disease control Division of the Directorate General of Health Services

• Biosecurity Engagement Program of the United States Department of State

• National Institute of Biotechnologygy

• Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences

• Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh

• Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute 

• Agriculture University Bangladesh

• Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

• Dhaka University

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA

• International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh