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BWC relevant S&T developments in Asia
Bacterial and Viral Agents of Special Interest in Bangladesh: Biosafety, Biosecurity,
Bi t i d Bi d f P d
Regional Workshop on Science and Technology:Developments Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) for Asia Seda Vertis Hotel, Philippines , 21‐22 November 2018
Bioterrorism and Biodefense Preparedness
Dr. AsadulghaniHead, Biosafety and BSL3 Laboratory, icddr,b
President, Bangladesh Biosafety and Biosecurity Society
Objectives
• Introducing Bangladesh• Bacterial and Viral Agents of Special Interest in
Bangladesh– Bacterial Agents of Special Interest– Viral Agents of Special InterestViral Agents of Special Interest
• Biosafety, Biosecurity, Bioterrorism and Biodefense Preparedness– Resource Persons Development Program– Sensitization and Training Program in Bangladesh– Bioterrorism and Biodefense Awareness in Bangladesh
• Biosafety and Biosecurity in the Arena of Science and Technology
• Conclusion
Promoting Biosafety and Biosecurity
Introducing Bangladesh Introducing Bangladesh
Bangladesh
https://www.healthmap.org/en/
Bangladesh
https://www.healthmap.org/en/
Bangladesh : Life Expectancy
Year Male Female All Rank
1960 41 39.9 40.5 144
1970 44.8 44.3 44.5 144
1980 48.9 48.7 48.8 147
1990 54.5 55.1 54.8 146
2000 64.9 65.6 65.3 118
2010 68.9 71.1 69.9 106
2016 71.1 74.4 72.7 97
2018 71.1 74.4 72.7 97
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Geographic distribution of Henipahvirus outbreaks and fruit bats Dengue countries or areas at risk
Japanese encephalitis: countries or areas at risk Global TB incidence distribution map
Global surveillance on anthrax incidence
Global distribution of emerging infectious disease events
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Life Expectancy
120
140
160 BangladeshBangladesh World RankJapanJapan World Rank
0
20
40
60
80
100
in 1960 in 1970 in 1980 in 1990 in 2000 in 2010 in 2016 in 2018
Leading causes of death in Bangladesh
1Stroke 14Breast Cancer 27Malnutrition 40Hepatitis B2Coronary Heart Disease
15Cervical Cancer 28Other Injuries 41Syphilis
3Lung Disease 16Oesophagus Cancer 29Ovary Cancer 42Prostate Cancer
4Tuberculosis 17Lung Cancers 30Epilepsy 43Leukemia
5Diabetes Mellitus 18Asthma 31Violence 44Other Neoplasmsp
6Influenza and Pneumonia
19Birth Trauma 32Endocrine Disorders 45Encephalitis
7Liver Diseases 20Alzheimers/ Dementia
33Skin Disease 46Fires
8Diarrhoeal diseases
21Hypertension 34Colon‐Rectum Cancers
47Meningitis
9Road Traffic Accidents
22Congenital Anomalies
35Maternal Conditions 48Bladder Cancer
10Kidney Disease 23Suicide 36Liver Cancer 49Appendicitis11Low Birth Weight 24Peptic Ulcer Disease 37Lymphomas 50Pancreas Cancer
12Oral Cancer 25Stomach Cancer 38Drug Use13Drowning 26Falls 39Rheumatic Heart
Disease
Promoting Biosafety and Biosecurity
Bacterial and Viral Agents of Special Interest in Bacterial and Viral Agents of Special Interest in Bangladesh
Bacterial Agents of Special Interest Viral Agents of Special Interest
NIAID category A Priority Pathogens
• Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
• Clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism)
• Yersinia pestis (plague)
• Variola major (smallpox) and h l d
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers – Arenaviruses
• Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, Chapare (new in fiscal year (FY14), Lassa, Lujo (new in FY14)
other related pox viruses
• Francisella tularensis (tularemia)
)– Bunyaviruses
• Hantaviruses causing Hanta Pulmonary syndrome, Rift Valley Fever, Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
– Flaviviruses • Dengue
– Filoviruses • Ebola• Marburg
NIAID category B Priority Pathogens
•Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis)
•Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
•Brucella species (brucellosis)
•Burkholderia mallei (glanders)
•Food‐ and waterborne pathogens
–Bacteria
•Diarrheagenic E.coli
•Pathogenic Vibrios
•Shigella species•Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis)
•Ricin toxin (Ricinus communis)
•Epsilon toxin (Clostridium perfringens)
•Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB)
•Typhus fever (Rickettsia prowazekii)
•Salmonella
•Listeria monocytogenes
•Campylobacter jejuni
•Yersinia enterocolitica
–Viruses
•Caliciviruses
•Hepatitis A
NIAID category B Priority Pathogens
–Protozoa
•Cryptosporidium parvum
•Cyclospora cayatanensis
•Giardia lamblia
•Entamoeba histolytica
•Mosquito‐borne viruses
–West Nile virus (WNV)
–LaCrosse encephalitis (LACV)
–California encephalitis
–Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)
•Toxoplasma gondii
•Naegleria fowleri (new in FY14)
•Balamuthia mandrillaris (new in FY14)
–Fungi
•Microsporidia
–Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
–Western equine encephalitis (WEE)
–Japanese encephalitis virus (JE)
–St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV)
–Yellow fever virus (YFV)
–Chikungunya virus
–Zika virus
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NIAID category C Priority Pathogens
• Nipah and Hendra viruses
• Additional hantaviruses
• Tickborne hemorrhagic fever viruses
– Bunyaviruses
• Tickborne encephalitis complex flaviviruses
– Tickborne encephalitis viruses
– European subtype
– Far Eastern subtype
• Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus
– Flaviviruses
• Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus, Alkhurma virus, Kyasanur Forest virus
– Siberian subtype
– Powassan/Deer Tick virus
• Tuberculosis, including drug‐resistant TB
• Influenza virus
• Other Rickettsias
• Rabies virus
• Prions
Category C Priority Pathogens
Category C Priority Pathogens, cont..
• Coccidioides spp.
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus
Research and Development
• Antimicrobial resistance, excluding research on sexually transmitted organisms, unless the resistance is newly emerging* Research on mechanisms of(SARS‐CoV), MERS‐CoV, and other
highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (new in FY14)
• Antimicrobial resistance, excluding research on sexually transmitted organisms, unless the resistance is newly emerging*
Research on mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance
• Studies of the emergence and/or spread of antimicrobial resistance genes within pathogen populations
• Studies of the emergence and/or spread of antimicrobial‐resistant pathogens in human populations
Research and Development
Research and Development , cont.
• Research on therapeutic approaches that target resistance mechanisms
• Modification of existing antimicrobials
• Antimicrobial research, as related to engineered threats and naturally occurring drug‐resistant pathogens, focused on development of broad‐spectrum antimicrobials
to overcome emergent resistance*Excluded Research (Sexually Transmitted Organisms) ‐ Bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis, cytomegalovirus, Granulomainguinale,Hemophilus ducreyi, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus,Treponemapallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis
• Immunology studies that advance our understanding of host defenses applicable to the biodefense effort, for example
– Adjuvants
– Innate Immunity
– Adaptive Immunity
– Mucosal Immunity
Additional Emerging Infectious Diseases/ Pathogens
• Acanthamebiasis
• Anaplasmosis (new in FY14)
• Australian bat lyssavirus
• Babesia, atypical
• Bartonella henselae
• Ehrlichiosis
• Enterovirus 68 (new in FY15)
• Enterovirus 71
• Hepatitis C (new in FY14)
• Hepatitis E (new in FY14)
• BK virus (new in FY14)
• Bordetella pertussis (new in FY15)
• Borrelia mayonii (new in FY18)
• Borrelia miyamotoi (new in FY14)
• Human herpesvirus 6
• Human herpesvirus 8
• JC virus (new in FY14)
• Leptospirosis (new in FY14)
• Mucormycosis (new in FY14)
• Poliovirus (new in FY15)
• Rubeola (measles) (new in FY14)
• Streptococcus, Group A
Additional Emerging Infectious Diseases/ Pathogens
• Acanthamebiasis
• Anaplasmosis (new in FY14)
• Australian bat lyssavirus
• Babesia, atypical
• Bartonella henselae
• Ehrlichiosis
• Enterovirus 68 (new in FY15)
• Enterovirus 71
• Hepatitis C (new in FY14)
• Hepatitis E (new in FY14)
• BK virus (new in FY14)
• Bordetella pertussis (new in FY15)
• Borrelia mayonii (new in FY18)
• Borrelia miyamotoi (new in FY14)
• Human herpesvirus 6
• Human herpesvirus 8
• JC virus (new in FY14)
• Leptospirosis (new in FY14)
• Mucormycosis (new in FY14)
• Poliovirus (new in FY15)
• Rubeola (measles) (new in FY14)
• Streptococcus, Group A
Bacterial Agents of Special Interest in Bangladesh
Category A
– Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
– Clostridium botulinumtoxin (botulism)
Category B
– Burkholderia pseudomallei(melioidosis)
– Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
– Brucella species (brucellosis)toxin (botulism)
– Yersinia pestis (plague)
– Francisella tularensis(tularemia)
– Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB)
– Typhus fever (Rickettsiaprowazekii)
– Diarrheagenic E.coli
– Pathogenic Vibrios
– Shigella species
– Salmonella
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Bacterial Agents of Special Interest in Bangladesh
Category B
– Campylobacter jejuni
– Yersinia enterocolitica
– Giardia lamblia
Category C
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including drug‐resistant TB
– Entamoeba histolytica
– Toxoplasma gondii
Viral Agents of Special Interest in Bangladesh
Category A
– Variola major (smallpox)
– Dengue
Category B
Category C
• Nipah viruses
• Influenza virus
• Rabies virus– Hepatitis A virus
– Chikungunya virus
• Rabies virus
• SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV,
• Poliovirus
Promoting Biosafety and Biosecurity
Biosafety Biosecurity Bioterrorism and Biodefense Biosafety, Biosecurity, Bioterrorism and Biodefense Preparedness
Resource Persons Development Program Sensitization and Training Program in Bangladesh Bioterrorism and Biodefense Awareness in Bangladesh
Resource persons Development program
54
50
6054
4237
0
10
20
30
40
AVA MD OD
AVA: Agricultural, Veterinary and Animal Sciences; MD: Medical Doctor; OD: other disciplines of Biological Sciences
Resource persons Resource persons
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Sensitization and Training Programs in Bangladesh
SL No
Activities Participants Year
1 Divisional Sensitization on Biosafety and Biosecurity 1406 2015‐18
2 Nationwide Training on Biosafety and Biosecurity 1207 2015‐18
3 Workshop on Strengthening Waste Management 226 2017‐18
4 Other Workshop on Biosafety and Biosecurity 453 2017‐18
Bioterrorism and Biodefense Awareness in Bangladesh
• Identify all the laboratories with a potential to proliferate bioterrorism agents.
• Popularize culture free disease diagnosis
• Baseline assessment of all the field disease investigation and rectification plan
Bioterrorism and Biodefense Awareness in Bangladesh
Biorisk management training program for CID, Dhaka ‐Organized on 23 July 2017, at Sasakawa Auditorium
Bioterrorism and Biodefense Awareness in Bangladesh
Seminar and Workshop on Biosafety, Biosecurity, Bioterrorism and Biodefense ‐ Organized at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology On 22‐23 August 2016
Promoting Biosafety and Biosecurity
Biosafety and Biosecurity in the Arena of Science and Technology
icddr,b biosafety program
icddr,b biosafety program• Biosafety and Biosecurity Program
Manual• Annual Training Program
R f h i i P• Refresher training Program• Orientation on Biosafety and Biosecurity• Safety Audit• Biological Waste Management Program• Central Biorepository Management
– Maintain liaison with NTFC and update data of polio free status
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Integration of biosafety and biosecurity in Medical Biotechnology
Center for Medical Biotechnology, MIS, DGHS
Workshop on Medical Biotechnology for Medical Teachers
Principles of Practices of Biosafety & Biosecurity and laboratory waste disposal
Integration of biosafety and biosecurity in other areas
• National institute of Biotechnology
• Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
• Other Universities
Course Content• History and development of
Biosafety and Biosecurity practices• Biosafety Principles and Practices
– Hazard Identification– Hazard Assessment
H d C l• Other Universities – Hazard Control– Administrative Control– Special Consideration for
Biosafety
• Biosecurity Principles and Practices• Biosecurity Measures• Bioterrorism• Biodefense
• Biorisk Assessment and Management
• Responsible Conduct of Research• Biological Waste Management
Conclusion
Academic curriculumInstitutional training
Lab identificationInitiation of IBC and training
SOP and Manual
Sustainable Biosafety and Biosecurity Program
Reassessment/AuditRefresher training
Up‐gradation of BSBS statusBiological Waste management
Provide training kitTraining workshop/seminarBaseline assessmentSensitization seminarResource persons development
Strengthening Biosafety and Biosecurity Status in Bangladesh
Bangladesh Biosafety and Biosecurity Guideline
Bangladesh biosafety and Biosecurity Society Acknowledgement
• Disease control Division of the Directorate General of Health Services
• Biosecurity Engagement Program of the United States Department of State
• National Institute of Biotechnologygy
• Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences
• Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
• Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
• Agriculture University Bangladesh
• Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
• Dhaka University
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
• International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh