MODERN WORLD HISTORYPMSD EHS

MODERN WORLD HISTORYPMSD EHS

Religions of South Asia

Religions of South Asia

Buddhism in the Subcontinent

Buddhism in the Subcontinent

The essence of Buddhism

The essence of Buddhism

The “middle way of The “middle way of wisdom and wisdom and compassion.”compassion.”

2,500 year old tradition.2,500 year old tradition. The 3 jewels of The 3 jewels of

Buddhism:Buddhism: BuddhaBuddha, the teacher., the teacher. DharmaDharma, the , the

teachings.teachings. SanghaSangha, the , the

community.community.

Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE)Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE)

Born in NE India Born in NE India (Nepal).(Nepal).

Raised in great luxuryRaised in great luxuryto be a king.to be a king.

At 29 he rejectedAt 29 he rejectedhis luxurious life tohis luxurious life toseek enlightenmentseek enlightenmentand the source ofand the source ofsuffering.suffering.

Lived a strict,Lived a strict,ascetic life for 6 yrs.ascetic life for 6 yrs.

Rejecting this extreme, sat in Rejecting this extreme, sat in meditation, and found meditation, and found nirvananirvana..

Became “The Enlightened One,” at Became “The Enlightened One,” at 35.35.

What is the fundamental cause

of all suffering?

What is the fundamental cause

of all suffering?

Desire!Desire! Therefore, extinguish the Therefore, extinguish the

self, don’t obsess about self, don’t obsess about oneself.oneself.

Four Noble Truths

Four Noble Truths1.1. There is suffering in There is suffering in

the world. To live is to the world. To live is to suffer.suffer. ( (DukkhaDukkha) ) The Buddha found The Buddha found

this out when he was this out when he was young and young and experienced experienced suffering and death suffering and death in others.in others.

Four Noble Truths

Four Noble Truths

2.2. The cause of The cause of suffering is self-suffering is self-centered desire centered desire and attachments.and attachments. ((TanhaTanha))

Four Noble Truths

Four Noble Truths

3.3. The solution is to The solution is to eliminate desire eliminate desire and attachments. and attachments. ((Nirvana = Nirvana = “extinction”“extinction”))

Four Noble Truths

Four Noble Truths4.4. To reach To reach nirvananirvana, one , one

must follow the must follow the Eightfold Path. Eightfold Path.

Eightfold PathEightfold Path

NirvanaNirvana The union with the The union with the ultimate ultimate spiritual reality. spiritual reality.

Escape from the cycle of Escape from the cycle of rebirth. rebirth.

Buddha – 19c Thailand

Buddha – 19c Thailand

Buddha’s head :

2c Pakista

n

Buddha’s head :

2c Pakista

n

Mandala:

Wheel of Life Motif

Mandala:

Wheel of Life Motif

Mandala: Wheel of Life Motif

Mandala: Wheel of Life Motif The mandala is a

complex picture representing the Buddhist view of the universe. They see existence as a cycle of life, death, rebirth and suffering that they seek to escape altogether.

The Wheel is divided into five or six realms, or states, into which a soul can be reborn. It is held by a demon. Around the rim are depicted the twelve stages of dependent origination.

Buddhist AltarBuddhist Altar

Types of BuddhismTypes of

Buddhism Therevada Therevada BuddhismBuddhism

Mahayana Mahayana BuddhismBuddhism

Tibetan BuddhismTibetan Buddhism

Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism

Therevada Therevada BuddhismBuddhism

Mahayana Mahayana BuddhismBuddhism

Tibetan BuddhismTibetan Buddhism

Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism

Theravada BuddhismTheravada Buddhism The oldest school of Buddhism.The oldest school of Buddhism.

The “Way of the Elders” or the The “Way of the Elders” or the “Small Vehicle.”“Small Vehicle.”

Found in southern Asia.Found in southern Asia. The monastic life is the best The monastic life is the best

way way to achieve to achieve nirvananirvana..

Focus on wisdom and Focus on wisdom and meditation.meditation.

Goal is to become a “Buddha,” Goal is to become a “Buddha,” or “Enlightened One.”or “Enlightened One.”

Over 100,000,000 followers Over 100,000,000 followers today.today.

The oldest school of Buddhism.The oldest school of Buddhism. The “Way of the Elders” or the The “Way of the Elders” or the

“Small Vehicle.”“Small Vehicle.” Found in southern Asia.Found in southern Asia. The monastic life is the best The monastic life is the best

way way to achieve to achieve nirvananirvana..

Focus on wisdom and Focus on wisdom and meditation.meditation.

Goal is to become a “Buddha,” Goal is to become a “Buddha,” or “Enlightened One.”or “Enlightened One.”

Over 100,000,000 followers Over 100,000,000 followers today.today.

Theravada BuddhismTheravada Buddhism

Mahayana BuddhismMahayana Buddhism The “Great Vehicle.”The “Great Vehicle.”

Founded in northern Asia Founded in northern Asia (China, Japan).(China, Japan).

Buddhism “for the masses.”Buddhism “for the masses.” Seek guidance from Seek guidance from

BoddhisatvasBoddhisatvas, wise beings. , wise beings. GoalGoal: Not just individual : Not just individual

escape from the wheel, but escape from the wheel, but the salvation of all humanity the salvation of all humanity through self-sacrifice of those through self-sacrifice of those enlightened few.enlightened few.

Mahayana BuddhismMahayana Buddhism

Seated Boddhisatva – 16c

Bhutan

Seated Boddhisatva – 16c

Bhutan

boddhisatvaboddhisatva

Tibetan BuddhismTibetan

Buddhism The “Diamond Vehicle.” The “Diamond Vehicle.” [[VajrayanaVajrayana]]

Developed in Tibet in the Developed in Tibet in the 7c CE.7c CE.

A mix of Theravada and A mix of Theravada and Mahayana.Mahayana.

BoddhisatvasBoddhisatvas include include Lamas, like the Lamas, like the Dalai LamaDalai Lama..

The The Tibetan Book Tibetan Book of the Deadof the Dead[[Bardo ThodolBardo Thodol].].

The DalaiLam

a

The DalaiLam

a

zen Buddhismzen Buddhism The “Meditation School.”The “Meditation School.” Seeks sudden enlightenment Seeks sudden enlightenment

[[satorisatori] through meditation, ] through meditation, arriving at emptiness arriving at emptiness [[sunyatasunyata].].

Use of meditation masters Use of meditation masters [[RoshiRoshi].].

Beauty, art, and aesthetics:Beauty, art, and aesthetics: Gardens.Gardens. Archery.Archery. Tea ceremony.Tea ceremony. Calligraphy.Calligraphy.

Buddhism in America (1999)

Buddhism in America (1999)

Distribution of Buddhism Centers in

the US, 2001

Distribution of Buddhism Centers in

the US, 2001

10th Annual Western Buddhist Monastic

Conference

10th Annual Western Buddhist Monastic

Conference

California, 2004California, 2004

Relieve Stress & Meditate:

Get a Mantra !

Relieve Stress & Meditate:

Get a Mantra !

Ohm...mani...padme...huOhm...mani...padme...hung...ng...Hail to the jewel in the lotus!Hail to the jewel in the lotus!