bio form5 chapter1 transport 1-2c

8/13/2019 Bio Form5 Chapter1 Transport 1-2c

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LEARNINGOUTCOMES

To state what a circulatorysystem is,

To state the three componentsof circulatory system in

humans & animals

To state the medium oftransport humans & animals

To state the composition of

human blood

Explain the function of blood &haemolymph in transport


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CIRCUL TORY SYSTEM The mass flow of fluid through the tissues &

organ of the organism.

The bodily system consisting of the heart,blood vessels, and blood that circulates

blood throughout the body, delivers nutrients

and other essential materials to cells, andremoves waste products

Allows for the transport & exchange ofnutrients, oxygen & waste products.

Also protecting the body against infection.

3 main components : a medium(blood),vessels(arteries, capillaries & veins) & a

pump(heart).


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Blood Haemolymph Blood

medium of transport in human &animals

Transport O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones

& waste products. Regulate the pH of body fluid, the body

temperature & the water content ofcells.

Protects the body against diseases,blood clots to protect the body againstexcessive blood loss following an injury.


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Haemolymphin many arthropods

(such as insects) and certain molluscs,

fills in the entire body cavity(haemocoel).

A circulating blood-likefluid with an

open circulatory system

Transport water, inorganic salts &

organic compounds The haemolymph bathes the tissues &

internal organ directly.


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2 main components of human blood

55% plasma 45% blood cells

1. Pale yellow liquid

2. 90% of water10% of a variety ofdissolved substances

> nutrient

> mineral ions> antibodies> enzymes> hormones

1.Red blood cells

2. White blood cells

3. platelets


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Contain 5 million RBC in every millilitre of humanbloodErythrocytes is shaped like a biconcave disc

(thinner at the centre than at its edge) largeTSA/V ratio for gaseous exchange

7.5-8.0 m in diameter

Has a thin plasma membrane

Small biconcave shape + thin flexible plasmamembrane enable the RBC to squeeze throughthe narrow blood capillaries.


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Mature RBC have no nucleus more space to

pack in haemoglobin(respiratory protein

containing iron).

Haemoglobin contains haem groups which

gives the erythrocytes its red colour.

The haem group contains an iron atom & is

the site of O2 binding.


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Each blood cells contains about250

million haemoglobinmolecules. Each

haemoglobin can combine with 4 O2moleculesoxyhaemoglobin

Lifespan of an erythrocytes is only120

days

destroyed by the phagocytes inthe liver & spleen.

Continuously produced by the bone

marrow of the long bones, ribs, skull &

vertebrae.

More than2 million RBCare destroyed &

replacedevery second in the human

body.


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Colourless & have a nucleus, not

contain haemoglobinLarger than RBC

Classified as either granular or granular6000 10000 WBC in every millilitre of blood.

Do not have fix shape, can move by

changing body shape

Produced in the bone marrow, some migrate tothe thymus gland & others to lymph nodes duringtheir growth & development stages.


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LEUCOCYTES

Granulocytes

Have granular cytoplasm

& a lobed nucleus

produced in bone

marrow

72% leukocytes are

granulocytes

Basophils : Secrete heparinto prevent bloodclotting

Eosinophils : Help to control allergicresponses

Neutrophils : Phagocytesgranulocytes. Theyengulf foreign material (bacteria) by

phagocytosis & destroy them.

Agranulocytes relatively clear

cytoplasm & nucleus is

not lobed.

Monocytes : The largest of the leucocytes.Circulate in the bloodstream for a few days

body tissues to become phagocytic

macrophage

Lymphocytes:The smallest leucocytes.Important in the bodys defence against

pathogens. Some produce antibodiesto aid

in the destruction of pathogens or neutralise

the toxins


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Small irregular shaped cell fragmentsproduced in the bone marrow

Play an important role in bloodclotting to reduce blood loss & to

prevent the entry of pathogensthrough the wounds into the body.Each millilitre of blood contains about

250000 platelets., do not have anucleus.


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Thepale yellowliquid part of the blood

CONTENT DESCRIPTIONWater

90% of plasma content.Plasma protein Albumin Globulintype of antibody

Fibrinogen- helps blood clotting

Mineral ions sodium, potassium & chlorideAbsorbed foodsubstances glucose, amino acids, cholesterol &other lipids

Waste products Urea, CO2, uric acid, creatinine and a littleammonium ion.

Dissolved gases O2,CO2 & NitrogenHormones

enzymes Insulin, adrenaline, ADH


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Blood serumplasma from which

fibrinogen & other clotting factors have

been removed


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THANK YOU
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bio form5 chapter1 transport 1-2c

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