nutrition form5

8/2/2019 Nutrition Form5

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-INTRODUCTION-

All living organism need food to survive

Food contains various type of nutrients, such as proteins,carbohydrates, fats , vitamins and minerals

The intake ofnutrients by living organisms is known as

nutrition Food is needed by living organisms

(a) to maintain health

(b) as a source of energy

(c) to carry out life processes such as breathing, growing,

excreting and reproducing

The energy content of a food is known as its calorific value

The calorific value of a food can be determined by using abomb calorimeter


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-INTRODUCTION-

The diagram show the

instrument bombcalorimeter that is used to

determine the calorific value

of a food


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What isNutrition?

- Nutrition is the intake of nutrients by living organisms

- The unit used to measure the energy contained in food iscalorie (kJ)

- The calorific value of food is the total energyreleased from

food when it is oxidized completely in body

The table shows that the food have different calorific

value

Class of food Calorific value (kJ)

Carbohydrates 17.2

Proteins 22.2

Fats 38.5


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VARIOUSOFFOODWITH

DIFFERENT CALORFIC VALUE


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CLASSESOFFOOD

CLASSES OF FOOD

CARBOHYDRATE

FATS

VITAMINS/MINERALS

PROTEIN

WATER

ROUGHAGE


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FATS

- Fats acts as a heat insulator and protects internal organs

- Food that rich in fats:-

(a) Chocalate

(b)Pizza

(c)Cheese

These food cannot

take excessively !!!


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VITAMINS/MINERALS

- Vitamins helps a person to maintain our health

- Food rich in vitamins

(a)Vitamin A Carrots

(b)VitaminB-Tablets,

tempe

(c)VitaminC-mostly vegetables and fruits


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PROTEIN

- Proteinbuilds new cells for growth and replace damage cells

- Examples food rich on protein

(a) Fish

(b) Grain

(c) Assorted beans

Protein makes a

person to grow in

height.


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-WATER-

- Water is a medium that is needed in thebody for chemicalreactions in our body.

We should take 8 glassesof water a day


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-ROUGHAGE-

- Roughage helps the movement of food through digestivetract (to avoid constipation)

-Food that rich on roughage:-

(a)Fruits

(b)Vegetables(c)Nuts

(e)Barly


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FACTORSTHATINFLUENCEON

INDIVIDUALSCALORIES

REQUIREMENT

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS

CALORIES REQUIREMENT:-

- Infants, children and teenagers need more calories than theold people

- This is because theyare still growing and needs more energyto undergo the process

- Old people need less energy; because they are less active

-Less-

(old

people)-More-

(teenegers)


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INDIVIDUALSCALORIES

REQUIREMENT

Generally, males need more calories than femalebecause:-

(a) Male are more active than females(b) Males have large body size than females

-An individual withbig body size need more caloriesthan smaller sized individual because:-(a) There are no weight to support(b) There are more cell to feed


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INDIVIDUALSCALORIES

REQUIREMENT

-A physically active worker such as farmer or a laborer

requires more calories than an office worker.

-This is because a lot of energy is used up for muscularcontraction

-A healthy person generally requires more calories thanone who is sick.-This is because is sick person is generally less active orbe bedridden


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INDIVIDUALSCALORIES

REQUIREMENT

- A person who is in a cold surroundings needs more calories

than ones who is in a warm place

-This is because in a cold surroundings, more energy is lost fromour body to the surroundings; therefore more calories will be

needed to maintain a constant body temperature

Need more(cold

surroundings)

Need less

(warm

surroundings)


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HEALTHPROBLEMS

RELATEDTONUTRITION

- The diet of a person should contain sufficient nutrients incorrect quantity

- Dietition are people who are trained to give people adviceabout what they eat or drink to be healthy

- Improper nutrition can lead to health problems such as:-

MALNUTRITION OBESITY

ANOREXIA

NERVOSA

CLICK ANYOFTHETOPIC TOVIEW


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MALNUTRITION

-A person is suffering from malnutrition if his diet containsinsufficient or an excess amount of certain nutrients

- Malnutrition can lead to many types of health problems, listof problem will be shown on the next slide.

High blood

pressure Diabetes

Scurvy

Kwashiorkor

GoutRickets


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MALNUTRITION

Disease/health

disorder

Cause Symptoms Can be prevent

with:-

High blood pressure -excessive intake of

salt, fat , cholesterol

-mostly without

symptoms

-exercise

-eat less food

contain fat

Diabetes -excessive intake of

sugar

-presence of sugar

on urine

-eat less sweet food

Scurvy -lack of vitamin c -bleeding gums -eat more fruits and

vegetables

Kwashiorkor -lack of protein -diarrhoea

-accumulation fluid

Consume more

seafood's

Rickets -lack of vitamin d -soft bones

- Bow leggedness

-Drink more milk

-Expose to sunlight

Gout -excessive protein -pain in joints

-disposition uric acid

-Reduce taking

protein foods

Night blindness -lack of vitamin A -poor vision in dim

light

-eat liver,egg,carrots

more often


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OBESITY

- A person is said to be overeatingwhen he takes in morethan what his body needs

- The extra calorieswill be stored in the form of fats under theskin and around organs

- This can lead to obesity. THIS

S

HOUL

DBE

PREVENTED

BY REGULAR

EXERCISE

THREE TYPES OF DIESEASES

ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY

-HEARTATTACK

-DIABETES

-HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE


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-ANOREXIA-

- Anorexia is a psychological illness

- Anorexia is an illness due to intense fear of gaining weightand starving oneselfto become thin and underweight.

- It occurs more often in adolescent females than males

- It can develops slimmingwhich makes a person dislikeeating or refusing to eat

- As a result, theysuffer malnutrition and lose a lot of weight

-Death can occur due toextreme starvation.

- It usually needs

counseling to treat it.


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DISEASESRESULTINGFROM

UNHEALTHYEATING

HABITS

- Un healthy eating habits can also leads to diseases

- The table shows some comparisons unhealthy eating habitsand their consequences

Unhealthy eating habit Consequences

-Eating too much meat food which

are rich in saturated fats and

cholesterol

-narrowing of arteries due to deposit

of cholesterol

Overeating, especially over

consumption of carbohydrates and

fats

- Diabetes

-Eating too much snacks and junk

food, especially which high in salt-High blood pressure

- Diabetes

- Irregular meal times or skipping

meal to often

- Gastric ulcers

-Eating too fat and swallowing food

without proper chewing

- Indigestion


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GOODNUTRITIONAND

GOODEATINGHABITS

- Many health problems and diseases are related to impropernutrition and bad eating habits

- We should take good nutrition and practice good eatinghabits

- We should take balanced diet- A balanced diet contains all the classes of food in the right

amount, in accordance with the needs of our body

- It should contain plenty of grains, fruits and vegetables,moderate amount of protein-rich food, and as little fats and

sugar as possible.

- Using a food pyramidwill help abalanced diet in daily life


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-FOODPYRAMID-

THE FOOD

PYRAMID

ONCE YOUTAKING

NUTRITION

BASED ON

FOOD

PYRAMID,YOUR

DAILY INTAKENUTRIENT IS

BALNCEDAND

HEALTHY

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