yearly plan bio form5

8/2/2019 Yearly Plan Bio Form5

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THEME: PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING THINGS

LEARNING AREA: 1.0 TRANSPORT

Week Learning Objectives Suggested Learning Activities Learning Outcomes Notes

1 1.1

Understanding the importance of

having a transport system in some

multicellular organisms

Carry out activities to identify the problem that

could be faced by multicellular organisms and

explain how the problem is overcome in

multicellular organisms as compared to unicellularorganisms:a) Correlate different sizes of cubes to total

surface area / volume (TSA/V) ratio,

b) Discuss how the (TSA/V) ratio affects the

movement of solutes to the interior of cubes,c) Relate the outcome of a) and b) to the problem

faced by multicellular organisms in getting cell

requirements to the cells in the interior of theorganisms,

d) Suggest ways to improve the movement of

solutes to the interior of cubes without

changing the size of cubes,e) Explain why there is a need for a transport

system in some multicellular organisms.

A student is able to:

identify the problem that

could be faced by

multicellular organisms inobtaining their cellular

requirements and getting ridof their waste products,

suggest how the problem isovercome in multicellular

organisms.

2 1.2

Synthesising the concept of

circulatory system

Read text materials and view computer simulationson circulatory system and discuss the following:

a) what is a circulatory system,

b) the three components of the circulatory system,

i.e. medium, vessels and pump,c) blood and haemolymph as a medium of

transport,

d) the composition of human blood,

e) the function of blood and haemolymph intransport,

f) the structure of human blood vessels: arteries,

veins and capillaries,

g) the basic structure and function of the humanheart,

h) the circulation of blood in humans in terms of :

i. pumping of the heart,


state what a circulatory

system is,

state the three components of

circulatory system in humans

and animals,

state the medium of transport

in humans and animals,

state the composition ofhuman blood,

explain the function of blood

and haemolymph in transport,

describe the structure of

human blood vessels,

explain how blood is

ro elled throu h the human


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ii. contraction of skeletal muscles around

veins,i) the regulatory mechanism of blood pressure.

Look at the heart of the fish, chicken and/or cow,

and note similarities and differences in terms ofsize, and number of compartments.

Use schematic diagrams to compare the circulatory

system in the following: humans, fish andamphibians.

Visualise and draw concept maps on the

circulatory system in humans.

circulatory system,

explain briefly how blood

pressure is regulated,

compare and contrast the

circulatory systems in the

following: humans, fish andamphibians,

conceptualise the circulatorysystem in humans.

1.3

Understanding the mechanism ofblood clotting

Show photomicrographs of blood clots.Show samples of clotted blood

Discuss the necessity for blood clotting with

respect to:

a) preventing serious blood loss,b) preventing the entry of microorganisms and

foreign particles,c) maintaining blood pressure,

d) maintaining circulation of blood in a closed

circulatory system.

Use a schematic diagram to illustrate the

mechanism of blood clotting.

Predict the consequences of blood clotting related

problems such as haemophilia or thrombosis.


explain the necessity forblood clotting at the site of

damaged blood vessels

explain the mechanism ofblood clotting,

predict the consequences ofimpaired blood clottingmechanism in an individual.

3 1.4

Synthesing the concept of

lymphatic system

Draw a schematic diagram on the formation of

interstitial fluid and lymph, and discuss the

following:a) space between cells

b) materials from blood capillaries entering these

spaces,


describe the formation of

interstitial fluid,

state the composition of

interstitial fluid, state theimportance of interstitial


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c) composition of interstitial fluid,

d) the importance of interstitial fluid,

e) the need for interstitial fluid to return to thecirculatory system directly or via the lymphaticsystem.

Discuss the following:

a) the structure of the lymphatic system,b) the flow of lymph,

c) the role of the lymphatic system in transport.

Use a graphic organizer to compare the content of

blood, interstitial fluid and lymph.

Brainstorm to predict what will happen if

interstitial fluid fails to return to the circulatory

system.

Study diagram or computer simulation on the

lymphatic system, and discuss the relationshipbetween the lymphatic system and circulatory

system.

fluid, describe the fate of

interstitial fluid,

describe the structure of the

lymphatic system,

explain how the lymphatic

system complements thecirculatory system,

compare the content of bloodinterstitial fluid and lymph,

predict what will happen if

interstitial fluid fails to returnto the circulatory system,

conceptualise the relationship

between the lymphaticsystem and circulatory

system.

1.5

Understanding the role of the

circulatory system in body

defence mechanism

Discuss the necessity for a body defence

mechanism in humans.

Gather information and discuss the bodys defence

mechanism with reference to:

a) first line of defense

skin,

mucous membrane,

b) second line of defensephagocytic red blood cellsc) third line of defense

lymphocytes.

Draw and label the various stages of phagocytosis.



state another function of the

circulatory system besides

transport,

identify the three lines of

defence mechanism of thebody,

describe the process of

phagocytosis,state the meaning of antigen

and antibody,

state the meaning of

immunity and immunization,

relate antigen and antibody to

immunity,

name and give examples of


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a) antigens, antibodies, immunity and

immunization

b) how antigens and antibodies are related toimmunity

c) the various types of immunity

i. active immunity (natural, artificial)ii. passive immunity (natural, artificial)

Carry out small group discussion on the following

and present the findings:a) the effects of HIV on the bodys immune

system,

b) transmission of HIV

c) prevention of AIDS.

various types of immunity,

state the effects of human

immunodeficiency virus(HIV) on the bodys defence

mechanism,

describe the transmission ofHIV,

suggest ways to prevent thespread of acquired immune

deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

1.6

Appreciating a healthycardiovascular system

Research and discuss nutrition and lifestyle which

can lead to a healthy cardiovascular system. Thenselect ways that are suitable and practice them.


Select and practise suitableways to maintain a healthy

cardiovascular system.

*5 Feb:

Hari Keputeraan Nabi

Muhammad

4 1.7

Understanding the transport of

substances in plants


a) the necessity for transport of substances in

plants,b) the problem that could be faced by plants in

transporting substances and how i t is overcome

in plants.

Carry out the flowing activities:

a) to show the presence of xylem as a continuous

tube system to transport water and minerals,b) prepare slides and look at the cross section

(XS) and longitudinal section (LS) of a dicotstem,

c) study prepared slides of XS of stem, root and

leaf of a dicot plant, and draw plan diagrams.

Relate the following:


state the necessity for

transport of substances in

plants,

identify the vascular tissue in

stem, root and leaf,

state the role of vascular

tissue in the transport ofsubstances,

describe the structure ofvascular tissue,

relate the structure of xylem

to transport,

relate the structure of phloem

to transport,

predict the effect of removing

a ring of phloem tissue from

*7 Feb:

Thaipusam

*11 Feb:

Sekolah ganti 26 Januari


5/30

a) the structure of xylem to the transport of water

and minerals,

b) the structure of phloem to the transport oforganic substances.

Carry out bark ringing to show the role of phloem

in the continuous transport of organic substances.

a plant.

\5 1.8Synthesising the concept of

transport of substances in plants

Discuss the following:a) the transport of organic substances in plants,

b) the importance of translocation in plants.

Carry out small group discussion on the following

and present the findings:a) the process of transpiration

b) the importance of transpiration

c) the pathway of water from soil to leaves using

a schematic diagram,d) the external conditions affecting the rate of

transpiration

Design and conduct experiments to study factors

affecting the rate of transpiration, i.e.:

a) air movement,

b) temperature,c) light intensity,d) relative humidity.

Carry out an activity to show the following:

a) root pressure,b) cohesion and adhesion of water.

Discuss and draw a concept map of the movementof water in plants in terms of the following:

osmosis, transpiration pull, cohesion and adhesion

of water, opening and closing of stomata, rootpressure.

A student is able to:state what translocation is,

explain the importance of

translocation in plants,

describe the process of

transpiration,

explain the importance of

transpiration,

describe the pathway of waterfrom the soil to the leaves,

state external conditions

affecting transpiration,

design experiments to studyfactors affecting the rate of

transpiration,

explain the role of root

pressure in the movement ofwater in plants,

explain the role of cohesion

and adhesion of water in themovement of water in plants,

conceptualise the transport

mechanism in plants.


6/30

THEME : PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING THINGS

LEARNING AREA: 2.0 LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT


6 2.1 Undertanding support and

locomotion in humans andanimals

Carry out small group discussion on

the following:a) the necessity for support and

locomotion in humans andanimals

b) the problem that could be

faced by humans and animalsin support and locomotion

c) how the above problem are

overcome in humans and

animals

Study a model of human skeleton to

identify the following:

a) axial skeleton consisting of

the skull, cervicalvertebrae,thoracic vertebrae,

lumbar vertebrae,

sacrum,coccyx, sternum andribs.

Appendicular skeleton consisting ofthe scapula, clavicle, humerus, ulna,

radius, pelvic gridle, femur, tibia andfibula

Observe a chicken wing to note the

position and nature ofmuscle,ligaments and tendons.


Explain the necessity for

support and locomotion in

humans and animals

Describe problems that

could be faced by humans

and animals in support andlocomotion

Explain how problems insupport and locomotion areovercome in humans an

animals

Name the bones that make up theaxial skeleton and appendicular

skeleton of the human body.

Label the bones, the skeletal

muscles and tendons in a diagramof the arm


7/30

Draw and label a simple diagram of

an arm to show the arrangement of

bones, skeletal muscles and tendons

Briefly discuss:

a) how the bones, skeletal

muscles,tendons and joints

bring out movement in the

arm or leg,b) the necessity of nerve

impulses in skeletal muscle

contractionc) the antagonistic action of

skeletal musclesd) all muscle has two primary

proteins

e) source og energy is from

ATP produced in adjacent

mitochondriaf) the function of cartilage andsynovial fluid at joints.

Observe and discuss the mechanismof locomotion in a earthworm,

grasshopper, fish and bird.

Discuss and present findings onmuscle cramp,osteoporosis,musculardystrophy and arthritis

Explain how movement is

brought about in a limb

State the function of

cartilage and synovial fluidsat joints

Describe briefly the

mechanism of locomotion in

an animal.

State some consequences of impairedmusculoskeletal system on support andlocomotion.


8/30

9 TEST 1 *3 Mac:

Sekolah ganti

27 Januari

2012

10

11 SCHOOL HOLIDAY

12 .


9/30

13 2.2 Appreciating a healthy

musculoskeletal system

Discuss and share ways of caring for

the musculoskeletal system such as:a) following a balanced diet,

b) having a good posture

c) using a proper attire for daily

activities


practice ways to care

for the

musculoskeletalsystem.

*28 Mac:

Hari Temu

Mesra 1


10/30

d) taking appropriate

precautions during vigorous

activitiese) practising correct and safe

exercise techniques

and healthy living

2.3 Understanding support inplants


a) the necessity for support in

plantsb) what could be the support

related problems faced by:

i) aquatic plants

ii) terrestrial plant

c) how is support achieved inaquatic and terrestrial plants


Explain the necessity for

support in plants

Explain how support isachieved in aquatic plants

carry out the following activities :

a) study the adaptions for

support (aerenchyma and air

sacs) in floating aquatic

plants, e.g. :water hyacinth.b) Study prepared slides of

cross sections of old stems toidentify tissue that helps insupport.

Investigate ow support in herbaceousplants,e.g.spinach and balsam,isachieved without woody tissue.

Explain how support in terrestrial

plants are achieved through tissue

modifications


11/30


LEARNING AREA : 3.0 COORDINATION AND RESPONE

Week LearningObjectives

Suggested Learning Activities Learning Outcomes

14 3.1Understanding

response and

coordination

Carry out small group discussion on thefollowing and present the findings :

a) external stimuli, e.g.

light,sound,smell,taste,temperature,pressure and touch.

b) Internal stimuli e.g sugar level in

the blood and osmotic pressure

of blood

c) The necessity for livingorganisms to respond to stimuli,

Carry out activities to study:

a) Human and animal responses to

external and internalenvironment,

b) Plant responses to external

environmentView computer simulations on the

pathways in detecting and responding to

external and internal stimuli in humans

and animals and draw schematic

diagrams involving the maincomponents.

A student be able to:

List the changes in external and

internal environment faced by anorganism

State why organisms have to be

sensitive to changes in internaland external environment

Clarify through examples the

meaning ofstimulus and

response

State the main components and

pathways involved in detecting

and responding to changes inexternal environment

State the main components and

pathways involved in detectingand regulating changes in internal

environment

Clarify through examples themeaning ofcoordination


12/30

Discuss what is meant by coordination involved.

15 3.2

Analysing therole of humannervoussystem

Discuss the role of nervous system.

Draw a diagram to show the organization

of the nervous system.

View graphics of the brain and label themain parts of the brain, and state their

respective function(s).

Draw and label diagram of a crosssection of the spinal cord.

Discuss the main functions of the spinalcord

Draw and label the structure of the

efferent neurone (nucleus , cell body ,

cytoplasm , dendrites , axon , synapticdendrites , myelin sheath)

Identify and discuss the function of thethree types of neurone.

A student is able to :

State the role of nervous system

Draw and label a diagram to show

the organization of the nervous

system

Name the main parts of the brainand state their functions

Draw and label a diagram of across section of the spinal cord

State the main functions of the

spinal cord

Label the structure of an efferentneurone

Identify the type of the neuronefrom diagrams given

State the function of each type of

neurone

State the mode of transmission ofinformation along the neurone

Describe briefly the athway of

*14 April:

Sekolah ganti bagi 25

Oktober 2012


13/30

View computer animations on thetransmission of information in the form of

electrical signals.

Discuss the mode of transmission of

information along the neurone

Draw a schematic diagram to show the

pathway of transmission of information,and discuss the following:

a) Reception of stimuli by

receptors

b) From receptors to the central

nervous systemc) Integration and interpretation by

the central nervous system

d) From the central nervous system to

the effectorse) Response by the effectors

transmission of information fromreceptors to effectors

16 3.2Analyzing the

role of human

nervous

system(cont)

Draw and label a simple diagram of asynapse

Conduct small group discussion on the

following:a) Transmission of information

across the synapse

b) The role of the synapse in

transmission

Discuss voluntary action and involuntaryaction with examples.


a) Voluntary action e.g. raising

Draw and label a simple

diagram of a synapse

Describe the transmission

of information acrosssynapses

State the role of the synapsein transmission

Give examples of voluntary

action Give examples of

involuntary action

Outline the transmission of

information in voluntary action

Outline the transmission of

information in involuntary

action


14/30

17

3.3 Analysing

the role of

hormones in

humans

Carry out small group discussion on the

following and present the findings :

a. what a hormone isb. what the endocrine system isc. why the endocrine system is

necessary, despite having thenervous system

d. the physiological processes whichare not directly regulated by thenervous system e.g. menstrual cycle,development of secondary sexcharacteristics, growth, etc.

e. how the endocrine systemcomplements the nervous system

Carry out group activity to label themain glands of the endocrine system.

Name the main hormones produced byeach endocrine gland.

Match the hormones with their functions inthe following physiological processes:

(a) reproduction

(b) growth

(c) homeostasis

Discuss the involvement of both the

nervous system and the endocrine

system in a fight or flight situation (

involving adrenaline )

Carry out small group discussion on thefollowing and present the findings on :

a) the effects of imbalance of thyroxine,growth hormone, antidiuretic hormone

and insulinb) the use of hormone in the treatment of

diabetes mellitus and dwarfism

A student is able :

State what a hormone is

State what the endocrine system is

State why the endocrine system isnecessary

State physiological processes notdirectly regulated by the nervoussystem

Describe how the endocrine systemcomplements the nervous system

Name the main hormones produced by

each endocrine gland

State the functions of the hormones

involved in some physiological

processes

Describe briefly how secretion ofhormone is regulated

Describe briefly coordination

involving both the nervous system andendocrine system

State the effects of hormonalimbalance

State the use of hormone in medicine


15/30

18 3.4

Synthesising the

concept of

homeostasis inhumans

Discuss the following :

a) physical factorsbody temperatureand blood pressure

b) chemical factors in the blood

partial pressure of oxygen and ofcarbon dioxide, osmotic pressure,

and sugar level

c) the necessity to maintain an optimal

physical and chemical condition in

the internal environment

d) the meaning of homeostasis

Design an experiment to show the effect

of different quantities of water intake on

urine output.


Explain thenecessity tomaintain an optimal

physical and

chemical condition

in the internalenvironment

State the meaning of

homeostasis

Design an

experiment to studythe effect of

*1 Mei:

Hari Buruh

*5 Mei:

Hari Wesak


16/30


a) the relationship between the

regulation of osmotic pressure and

the formation of urine

b) the formation of urine

c) the relationship between urineformation and excretion

Draw and label the following structures :

a) kidney

b) nephron

View computer simulations and draw a

schematic diagram on the process ofurine formation and discuss the

following processe :

a) ultrafiltration

b) reabsorptionc) secretion

Draw a schematic diagram on the action

of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) anddiscuss the following :

a) the process of osmoregulation by the

kidneys,

b) negative feedback control inosmoregulation.

Gather information and discuss thefollowing :

a) haemodialysis

b) kidney donation and kidney transplant

different quantitiesof water intake on

urine output

Relate changes in

blood osmotic

pressure to urine

output

Describe the

formation of urine

Relate the formation

of urine to excretion

Describe briefly the

mechanism ofosmoregulation

Predict the

consequences ofimpaired kidney

function

.


17/30

Recall, discuss and draw a concept map

on various mechanisms that together

keep the physical and chemicalcondition inside the organisms constant

in term of :

a) blood sugar level

b) body temperature

c) partial pressure of oxygen and of

carbon dioxided ) blood pressure

Describe theregulation of blood

sugar level

Describe theregulation of bodytemperature

Conceptualisehomeostasis

19 3.5

Practicing a healthy

lifestyle

Show pictures of drug addicts and

alcoholics, then discuss drug and alcoholabuse

Research and report on :

a) effects of drug and alcohol abusesuch as on the nervous system

b) social factor that can lead to drugand alcohol abuse

Attends talks on drug and alcohol abuse

Participate in anti-drug abuse and anti-alcohol abuse campaigns.


Describe effects of

drug and alcohol

abuse on humans

Explain the factors

that can lead to drugand alcohol abuse.

Practice a healthylifestyle

20&21

MID-TERM TEST

22&23

SCHOOL HOLIDAY


18/30

24 3.6

Understanding planthormones


a) the meaning of plant hormone

b) plants hormones e.g. auxins, ethylene,

c) effects of auxins based on scientific

findings on phototropism,

d) role of auxins in phototropism and

geotropism

e) the use of hormones in agriculture.


State what plant

hormones are

Give someexamples of planthormones

Infer the effects of

auxins on growth

responses

Explain the role of

auxins in tropism

State the use of

hormones in agriculture


19/30


LEARNING AREA : 4.0 REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH


25 4.1 Analyzing gamete

formation

Discuss the following about

reproduction:

a) the necessity to reproduce,

b) the two types of reproductionc) the necessity for formation of

gametes

Study the diagrams of stages in theformation of a sperm and an ovum

Compare the formation of a sperm withthat of an ovum


explain the necessity for

organisms to reproduce

state types of reproduction

explain the necessity for

formation of gametes

describe formation of

sperm in humans

describe formation ofovum in humans

compare the formation ofsperm with that of ovum


20/30

26 4.2 Analyzing the role

of hormones in themenstrual cycle


a) what menstruation is

b) the relation between

menstruation and menstrualcycle

c) the importance of the menstrual

cyclec) hormones involved in the

menstrual cycle.

Study and interpret graphs on hormonal

levels on the following:

a) follicle developmentb) ovulationa) formation of corpus luteum

b) thickness of the endometrium


a) premenstrual syndrome

b) menopause


state what menstruation is

relate menstruation to

menstrual cycle

state the importance of the

menstrual cycle

state the hormones

involved in the menstrual

cycle

relate hormonal levels to the

development offollicles, the process of

ovulation and the

formation of corpusluteum

relate hormonal levels to

the changes in thethickness of the

endometrium

explain the role ofhormones in regulating themenstrual cycle

state what premenstrual

syndromes(PMS) is

state what menopause is

*27 Jun:

Hari Temu

Mesra 2

27 4.3 Understanding the

early development ofa zygote in humans

Use diagram and computersimulations to discuss the following:

a) the formation of zygote,

b) the early development of a

zygote as the formation of a ballof cells which becomes implantedin the wall of the uterus,

c) identify morula and blastocyst


describe what fertilisation

is,

describe in simple termsthe early development of

a zygote,

*7 Julai:Hari

AnugerahCemerlang


21/30

from the diagrams given,d) formation of identical twins and

Siamese twins.

Illustrate how identical and fraternaltwins are formed and give somedifferences between them.

name the two main

stages in the developmentof a zygote in preparationfor implantation,


twins

compare identical twins

with fraternal twins,

Research and report on:

a) functions of the placenta in

foetal development,b) the advantages of fetus having a

separate circulatory system from

that of the mother.

state the functions of theplacenta in feotal

development,

explain the advantages of

fetus having a separate

circulatory system from that

of the mother.

28 4.4 Appreciating the

contribution ofscience and

technology to humanreproduction


a) family planning,

b) sperm bank,c) artificial insemination,

d) in vitro fertilization,e) surrogate mother

f) sexually transmitted diseases.


explain the contributionof science and technology

to human reproduction,

explain some moral

issues related to theapplication of science and

technology to human

reproduction,

what sexually transmitted

*14 Julai:Sekolah ganti


22/30

diseases are,

give examples ofsexually transmitted

diseases.

29 4.5 Synthesizing the

concept of sexual

reproduction in

flowering plants

Examine a flower to identify:a) various flower parts,

b) the structures which produce male

and female reproductive cells.

Draw diagrams to show the stages in the

formation of:a) pollen grains from pollen mother

cell,

b) embryo sac from embryo sac

mother

Describe briefly what happens at each

stage in both a.) and b.).

Conduct an activity to observe thegermination of pollen grains in sugar

solution.


a) the formation of two male nuclei

from the generative nucleus

b) the formation of a zygote,c) the formation of triploid nucleus

Discuss and draw a concept map of

double fertilization in flowering plants.


identify male and femalestructures in a flower

describe the formation ofpollen and grain


embryo sac in the ovule


pollen tube


zygote

describe the formation oftriploid nucleus

conceptualize double

fertilization


23/30

Examine the structure of fruits, e.g.

mango, long beans, and relate them tothe flower parts:a) seed from the ovule

b) seed coat from the integumentfruit from the ovary

relate the structure of a

fruit to the flower parts

Discuss the importance of doublefertilization for the survival of

flowering plants

Explain the importance ofdouble fertilization for the

survival of flowering plants.

30 4.6 Understandinggrowth in multicellular

organisms

Discuss the necessity for growth.

Carry out small group discussion ongrowth in terms of:a.) growth being an irreversible

process

b.) increase in the number of cellsc.) increase in cell sized.) cell differentiation

Study diagrams or prepared slides to

identify the growth zones at root tip andshoot tip.


explain briefly the

necessity for growth inorganisms

explain what growth is

4.7 Understanding the

growth curve

Generate ideas on the appropriate

parameters used in the measurement of

growth.

Conduct an activity to study the growthof a plant, e.g. onion, maize, or balsam.

Study and interpret the data on growth

in humans and discuss the following :a) the shape of growth curve


Identify the parameter usedin the measurement of

growth,

describe the sigmoid

growth curve of an

organism,


24/30

b) phases of growth,c) the relationship between the phases

of growth and the growth curve. relate the shape of the

growth curve to the growthphases of an organism,

Study and interpret a growth curve of an

insect and relate the shape of the curve

to its growth.

explain the shape of the

growth curve of an insect

31

4.8 Understandingprimary and secondary

growth in plants

Discuss the types of growth in plants.

Conduct a field study to identify plant

that undergo primary and secondarygrowth.

Examine prepare slides or diagrams of across section of a young stem, matured

stem, young root, matured root, in

dicots to identify the primary and

secondary tissues.

Research and report on the following:

a) relate primary growth to height,

support and transport of substances,

b) relate secondary growth to additionalsupport and transport,

c) state the importance of vascular

cambium and cork cambium to

secondary growth,

d) compare plants that undergosecondary growth with those that donot,

e) the economic importance of plantsthat undergo secondary growth.


state the types of growth in

plants,

state what primary and

secondary growth are,

name the tissues involved

in primary and secondarygrowth,

state the location of thetissues involved in primary

and secondary growth,

explain the importance ofprimary growth,

explain the importance ofsecondary growth,

compare and contrast

plants that undergosecondary growth withplants that do not undergo

secondary growth,


25/30

state the economicimportance of plants that

undergo secondary growth

THEME : VARIATION AND INHERITANCE

LEARNING AREA : 5.0 INHERITANCE

WEEK LEARNING OBJECTIVES SUGGESTED LEARNING ACTIVITIES LEARNING OUTCOMES NOTES

32 1.1 Synthesising the concept

of inheritance based onMendels experiment.

Discuss the following base on examples:

a) inheritance,

b) characters and traits.

Study diagrams showing the results ofMendels monohybrid cross experiment, then

discuss the following:

a) characters and traits in Mendels

experiments,b) there is a hereditary factor that

determines a particular character,

c) dominant traits and recessive traits,

d) genes and alleles,

e) dominant alleles and recessive alleles,

f) phenotype and genotype,


state what is meant byinheritance,

differentiate traits from

characters,

identify characters andtraits in Mendels

experiments,

state that there is a

hereditary factor thatdetermines a particular

character,

identify dominant and

recessive traits,

explain genes and alleles,

explain dominant alleles

and recessive alleles,


phenotype,

*6 Ogos:Nuzul Quran

.


26/30


g) homozygote and heterozygote,

h) phenotypic ratio and genotypic ratio inthe first and second filial generation,

i) the importance of meiosis I in thesegregation of alleles,

j) meaning of monohybrid inheritance.

Conduct an activity using coloured

buttons/beans to illustrate Mendels First

Law.

Discuss Mendels First Law as The Law of

Segregation.

Study diagrams showing the results of

Mendels dihybrid cross experiment, then


genotype,

relate allele combination to

genotype,

relate phenotype to

genotype,

state the meaning ofhomozygote and

heterozygote,

determine the phenotypic

ratio of the first filial

generation and secondfilial generation,

determine the genotypic

ratio of the first filialgeneration and second

filial generation,


monohybrid inheritance,

conceptualise MendelsFirst Law,


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discuss the following:

a) meaning of dihybrid inheritance,

b) the importance of meiosis in terms of

independent assortment of chromosomes.

Discuss Mendels Second Law as The Law ofIndependent Assortment.

state the meaning ofdihybrid inheritance,

conceptualise MendelsSecond Law.

33 1.2 Understanding

inheritance

Discuss the following base on examples :

a ) blood groups and Rhesus factor (Rhfactor)

b ) inheritance of ABO blood group in

humans

Examine a drawing of a micrograph of human

chromosomes and:a ) determine the number of chromosomes

b ) arrange the homologous pairs based on the

location of the centromere and size of

chromosomes.c ) identify autusomes and sex chromosomes.

Compare the karyotypes of a normal humanbeing with that of a person with Downs

syndrome.

Draw a schematic diagram to show the

following :a ) sex determination in off-springs,

b ) sex-linked and inheritance of haemophillia

and colour blindness.


State the blood groups in

the ABO system andRhesus factor in humans,

Explain the inheritance of

ABO blood group inhumans,

Differentiate autosomesfrom sex chromosomes,

Identify the differenthumans karyotypes,

Explain sex determinationin off-springs,

Explain sex-linkedinheritance usin


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1.3 Understanding genes and

chromosomes

Gather information and discuss:

a ) hereditary disease such as thalassaemia,


a ) unit of inheritance

b ) the location of genes

Construct a model of deoxyribonucleic acid

(DNA) and discuss :

a ) the structure of nucleotidesb ) the structure of polynucleotides

c ) double helix structure of DNA

Draw a schematic diagram and relate how a

trait is manifested from the basic unit of

heritance in terms of :

a ) chromosomes to DNA

b ) DNA to genec ) gene to protein

d ) protein to the trait of an organism

Research and report on the following :

a ) DNA fingerprintingb ) the human genome project

c ) potential of stem cell researchd ) genetic engineering

i . gene therapy

ii. genetically modified organisms

iii. genetically modified foodiv. medicine (production of insulin)

Discuss the implications of the above tomankind.

Conduct a forum or debate on ethical andmoral issues in the application of knowledge

examples.

Describe hereditarydisease,


State the unit ofinheritance,

State the location of genes,

Describe the structure of

deoxyribonucleic acid

(DNA),

Describe in simple terms

the manifestation of a trait

of an organism from thebasic unit of inheritance,

Explain briefly the

importance of genetics tomankind,

Describe the applicationand abuse of knowledge in

genetics,

Argue on the need for

CD Roms

News paper cutting

TSTS

Attributing

Grouping and classifying

Synthesizing Visualizing.

Noble Values

Appreciating thecontribution of scienceand technology

Having an interest and

curiosity towards theenvironment

appreciating the balance

of nature

Teaching aids

text book

transparency

news paper cutting

LCD Projector

internet


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in genetics.

Visit research centres that conduct research in

genetic engineering.

application of genetics

THEME: VARIATION AND INHERITANCE

LEARNING AREA: 2.0 VARIATION


27 2.1 Understanding variation inorganisms

Discuss the importance ofvariation in organisms.

Conduct an activity to

investigate variation in humans

and present the data graphically.

Discuss continuous and

discontinuous variation based

on the graph.

Compare continuous variation

with discontinuous variation.

A students is able to:

state the importance ofvariation in organisms,

give examples of variation inhumans,

state the types of variation,

compare continuous

variation with discontinuous

variation

Thinking skills:

Observing

Classifying

Comparing &

contrasting

Sc. Attitude/Noble

Value

Being honest and

accurate

Being thankful to

God

Being cooperative

Being respectful

28 2.2 understanding the causes ofvariation

Discuss the causes of variationin terms of:

a) genetic factors,

b) environmental factors.

Discuss the effects of genetic

factor on variation.

Conduct an activity, such as

role- playing or model-building,


state the factors causing

variation,

explain the effects of genetic

factors on variation,

Thinking skills:

Attributing

Relating

Sc. Attitude/ Noble

Value

Love and respect

each other

Being kind-


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to show the process of genetic

recombination.

hearted and caring

Being thankful to

God


Conduct an activity to study the

effects of different

environmental factors on the

variation of plants.


a) chromosomemal mutation,

b) gene mutation

Discuss examples of mutationand mutagens.

Discuss the importance of

variation in the survival of aspecies.


explain the effects of

environmental factors onvariation.

explain the effects of theinteraction between genetic

factors and environmentalfactors on variation,

explain mutation,

explain the importance ofvariation in the survival ofspecies.

Predicting

Making hypothesis

Sc. Attitude/ Noble

Value

Appreciating the

balance of nature.

28 2.3 Be respectful towards one

another despite variation.

Participate in games and club

activities involving individuals

from various ethic groups.

Conduct a sketch to show

respect for all Gods creation.


accept that people are

different,

respect each other.

Thinking skills:

Generating ideas

Sc. Attitude/ Noble

Value

Love and respect

each other

Being kind-

hearted and caring

Being thankful to

God

Bein coo erative.

yearly plan bio form5

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