bi kakis 2012
TRANSCRIPT
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27 2012
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1.
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4
, 10NG AutoFINE.
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EXNIKH H
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1.
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HELIFLEX.
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3x1.5 mm 13.5mm
3x2.5 mm, 5x1.5 mm 16 mm
3x4 mm, 5x2.5 mm 21 23mm
3x6 mm, 5x4 mm 21 23mm
3x10 mm, 5x6 mm 29mm
3x16 mm, 5x10 mm 36mm
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.
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30mA.
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HD 384,
HD 384,
HD 384, IEC 62305 prEN62305,
HD 384, E1197, IEC 62305-3
prEN 62305-3.
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DIN 18.014 (1994)
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mm V4A .. 110.070, 10
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HD 384 (TNC, TNS )
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HD 384 ,
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1. 41-HD 384
Uo(V) (s)
127 0,8
230 0,4
400 0,2
>400 0,1
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5s.,
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WENNER
SCHLUMBERGER
0.30m
.
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I=40 kA , R=2. Ohm, U=IxR=80 kV. 8
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U=IxR=320 kV.
.
DIN VDE 0141, , , 1m
.
,
, , ..
.
4 , [1 ... (), 1 , 1 , 1
]. 30x3,5 mm
(St/tn) ..110.020
30x3,5 mm (St/tZn) .:110.030
-
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40x4,0 mm (St/tZn) .. 110.030.
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(St/tZn) 30x3,5 mm ..110.020.
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7.1.3. -
7.1.3.1. -
, 40x4,0 mm
(St/tZn)
.. 345.020, 10x35 (St/tZn). ,
40x4,0 mm 30x3,5 mm
(St/tZn) .. 345.020,
10x35 (St/tZn).
, 30x3,5 mm
(St/tZn)
.. 345.010, 10x35
(St/tZn).
: 10x35,
,
.
8x30.
7.1.3.2.
, 40x4,0 mm
(St/tZn) 70x70 mm,
, .. 550.010, 8x30 St/tZn.
, 40x4,0 mm 30x3,5 mm
(St/tZn)
70x70 mm, , .. 550.020,
8x35 St/tZn
, 30x3,5mm
(St/tZn) 60x60 mm,
, .. 540.020, 8x30 St/tZn.
2m -
.. 330.010.
.
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7.1.3.3.
, ,
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.. 220.0310, V4A
12.
30x3,5 mm (St/tZn) ..110.020, 10 /
30x3,5 mm, (St/tZn,) 60x60 mm
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-, inox V4A, 12,
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11.
1. 10, St/tZn
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3. 30x3,5 St/tZn4. 8-10/30 St/tZn
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HD 384
>200m
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50V,100V, 250V, 500V,
1000V
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612.6
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EXNIKH H
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3.1
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. :1
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3.9
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3.12 ()
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100 A DIN 43620 1 125 - 200 A.
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1.
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(, , , .) , :
1 m, 1 m2,
1 m, 2.5 m2.
, 30m
2.
54.00 m, 1m, :54 m * 1 /m = 54 .
301.25 m, 1m, :( 255.25 m - (* 30 m)) * 1/2.5m = ( 255.25 - ( 0*30) )/2.5 = 120 .
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. , , 900mm, Q=74,00../. 222,03../74,00../= 3< 4 .
2, , 3,00 8,00 ../.
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7.000lit/* 0,7mg/lit = 4.900mg/4,90gr/.
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3.
3.1.
- = 450
- = 200.00 lt
- = 50 %- Qd = 45.00 m
3
- Qd,m = 3.75 m3/hr
- (BOD5) = 300 mg/lt
- (SS) = 350 mg/lt
- (BOD5) BOD5 = 13.50 kg
- SS = 15.75 kg/
- A = 1.0E+0008
- = 18:00
- = 21:00
- = 0.35 %
- Qmax = 5.25 m3/hr- BOD5
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- :
- = 56.00 hr
- E = 91.67 %
- Sao = 87.50 mg/lt
- /Sbo = 262.50 mg/lt
- () c = 48.38
- = 7.33 kg/- = 8000 mg/lt
- W = 0.92 m3/
- m = 1.90
- ( /c) = 0.05
- r = 1.06
- = 14.81 kg/
- = 18 hr
- = 0.82 Kg/hr
- = 25 %
- = 1.03 kg/hr
- Cs,t = 8.40 mg/lt- H = 3.00 m
- Pb = 1.31 atm
- = 21.34 %
- = 23.20 %
- Ot = 8.00 %
- Cm,t= 9.77 mg/lt
-
Cm,r = 9.29 mg/lt
- Gs = 10.00 m3/hr
- Nt = 0.23 Kg/hr
-
= 0.17 kg/hr
- = 5.90
- = 14
- : KJI 190GR
- :
- :
- : 20.00 - 27.00 Kg/h
- () :
- . Qa = 140.00 m3/hr
- : SIEMENS ELMO-G 2BH1 400 0.9KW- : 1.40 m x 3.60 m
- : 125 m3/hr
- : 1500 mbar
- : 6 KW
- : 380 V - 85 A
- () :
- q = 0.60 m3/m
2-hr
- = 6.25 m2
- = 4.41 m
- = 4.41 m
- A = 19.44 m2
- Gm = 100.00 Kg/m
2-
- G Gm = 19.05 Kg/m2-
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- rmax = 3.00 hr
- V = 15.75 m3
- = 0.11 m2
- = 2.17 m3
- = 2.00 m
- = 13.58 m3
- = 0.20 m- = 0.20 m
- rm = 4.20 hr
- = 20000 mg/lt
- Vs = 0.37 m3/
- = 20
- = 7.33 m3
- = 20 min
- Vx = 1.75 m3
- : 1.97 m x 1.97 m x 1.97 m
- Vx = 7.70 m3
- = 10.00 mg/lt- = 450.00 gr/
- = 150.00 gr/lt
- = 3.00 lt/
- : LMI A78
- : 0.042-2.84 lt/h
- : 5.5 Bar
- : 11 W
- () :
- = 9.0 cm/
- = 500.0 m2
- = 100 mm
- = 120.0 m
- = 1.0 cm
- = 10.0 cm
- : Filtec FBS 15
- : 15,2 m3/h
- : 7,94 m
- : 0,75 kW
- () :
3.2. -
- : 450
- : 200.00 lt
- : 50 %
- Qd= 450 x 200.00/1000x50/100 = 45.00 m3
- Qd,m= 45.00/12 = 3.75 m3/hr
- (BOD5) : Fo= 300 mg/lt
- (SS) : So= 350 mg/lt
- (BOD5):
BOD5= 45.00 x 300/1000 = 13.50 Kg
- SS: 45.00 x 350/1000 = 15.75 Kg/- : 1.0E+0008 /100 ml
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3.3.
, :
- BOD525 mg/lt : Fe= 25.00 mg/lt
- (SS)30 mg/lt = 30.00 mg/lt- MPN< 1000/100 mg = 1000 /100 mg
- .
3.4.
- (F/M) = 0.10 KgBOD5/MLSS-
- : MLSS= 4000 mg/lt
- ()
: VSSo= 75% SSo = 263.00 mg/lt
- : y= 0.75
-
: = 0.20
- : b= 0.06 /
- : '= 1.47 ,'= 1.42
- : To= 25 C
- (D.O.) : C= 2.00 mg/lt
- : "= 0.85
- : "= 0.95
- =
25C ... : (Cs)760 = 8.40 mg/lt
- : p'= 23.80 mmHg
- p= 23.80 mmHg
4. -
- : 18:00 21:00
0.350 . Qmax= 0.350xQd/(21 - 18) = 0.350 x 45.00 / 3 = 5.25 m
3/hr
4.1.
30.00 m2/m
3-hr
: Er= 5.25 / 30.00 = 0.175 m2
45 x =
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.
2.00 cm
4.2.
(F/M)
(MLSS). :
- F/M: 0.10 KgBOD5/MLSS-
- :
F/M x 106x MLSS x 10
-6 0.10 x 1e6 x 4000 x 1e-6
V = = = 0.40 KgBOD5/m3-
106x 0.001 10
6x 0.001
- :
Va= BOD5/V = 13.50 / 0.40 = 33.75 m3
- min18 hr = 18.00 hr
- :
Va= minx Qd= 18.00x 45.00/24 = 33.75 m3
- Va= 105.00 m3
- :
- :
= Va/Qd= 105.00 / 45.00x24 = 56.00 hr 18 hr
- () c:
c 1 + x b x c
MLSS= ( x y x E x Fo + (1-E) x Sbo+ Sao)
1 + b x c
o:
- :
E = (Fo- Fe)/Fo= 300.0 - 25.0)/ 300.0 = 91.67%- Sao:
Sao= (1-VSSo)xSo= (1 - 0.75)x 350.0 = 87.50 mg/lt
- Sbo:
Sbo= VSSoxSo= 0.75 x 350.0 = 262.50 mg/lt
- :
c= 48.38
,
MLSS
:
MLSSxVa 4.00 x 105.00
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= - 0.03xQd= - 0.03x 45.00 = 7.33 Kg/
c 48.38
8000 mg/lt W :
W= /8 = 7.33 / 8000 = 7.33x1000/8000 = 0.92 m3/
m= 1.90 = /c= 56.00/( 48.38x24) = 0.048
r= (1-)/(m-1) = (1- 0.048)/( 1.90-1) = 1.06
4.3.
:
b' x y Fo
Oo= (a' - ) x Qd x E =>
1 + b x c 1000
1.42 x 0.75 300
Oo= (1.47- ) x45.00 x x0.92 = 14.81 Kg/
1+0.06 x 48.38 1000
18 hr/,
2(hr) = Oo/18 = 14.81 / 18 = 0.82 Kg/hr
25.00 %
2(hr) = 1.25 x 0.82 = 1.03 Kg/hr
4.4.
,
:
p - p' 760.00 - 23.80
Cs,t = x (Cs)760 = x 8.4 = 8.40 mg/lt
760 p 760.00 - 23.80
, :
Pb Ot
Cm,t= Cs,tx ( + ),
2 42
: Pb: , atm.
:
P H 760.0 3.00
Pb= + + 0.02 = + + 0.02 = 1.31 atm760 10.31 760 10.31
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H : = 3.00 m
Ot: (%) , .
8.00 % 23.20 % ,
Ot= 23.20x(1- 0.08) = 21.34 %, :
Cm,t= 8.40x(( 1.31/2)+( 21.34/42)) = 9.77 mg/lt
:
Cm,r= " x Cm,t= 0.95 x 9.77 = 9.29 mg/lt
:
Kg O2 Kg O2 Cm,r- C
( )r = ( )t x a" x 1.024(To-20)
x
hr- hr- 9.20
(Kg O2/hr-)t ()
.
Gm= 10.00 m3/hr-, :
= 0.23 Kg O2/hr-().
:
Kg O2 9.29 - 2.00
( )r =0.23 x 0.85 x 1.024(25-20
) x =
hr- 9.20
= 0.174 Kg O2/hr .
1.03 / 0.174 = 5.90 .
14 .
: KJI 190GR
:
:
: 20.00 - 27.00 Kg/h
:
Qa= 14.00 x 10.00 = 140.00 m3/hr
: SIEMENS ELMO-G 2BH1 400 0.9KW
- : 1.40 m x 3.60 m
- : 125 m3/hr
- : 1500 mbar
- : 6 KW
- : 380 V - 85 A
- () :
2 , .
4.5.
-
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,
.
( )
.
. ,
(air lift) .
,
.
q= Qd,m/A
q: , q= 0.60 m3/m
2/hr
A: , m2
Qd,m: Qd,m= 3.75 m3/hr
A= 6.25 m2
19.44 m2
: 4.41m x 4.41 m
: G= Qdx (1+r) x MLSS / A G Gm, :
Gm: 100.00 Kg/m2-
Qd: , Qd= 45.00 m3/
r : , r= 1.06
MLSS= 4.00
Kg/m3
G= 45.00x(1+ 1.06)x 4.00 / 19.44 = 19.05 Kg/m2-* 100.00 Kg/m2-
rt: 3.00 hr * 3 hr
Qmax= 3.00 hr * 3 m3/hr
V= rtx Qmax= : 3.00 x 5.25 = 15.75 m3
V= 15.75 m3
.. 0.11 m
V1= 19.44 x 0.11 = 2.17 m3
= 2.00 m
V2= V - V1= 15.75 - 2.17 = 13.58 m3
: 0.20m x 0.20 m
rm= V/Qd,m= 15.75 / 3.75 = 4.20 hr
4.6.
Cs8000 mg/lt.
C's 20000 mg/lt
:
Vs= Cs/C'sx W = 8000 / 20000 x 7.33 = 0.37 m3/
7.33 m3
.
20 .
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4.7.
Qmax = 5.25 m3/hr
20 min.
Vx= 20/20x 5.25 = 1.75 m3
1.97m x 1.97m x 1.97 m 7.70 m3
()
. 10.00 mg/lt 10.00 x 45.00 = 450.00 gr
Cl2/.
: LMI A78
- : 0.042-2.84 lt/h
- : 5.5 Bar
- : 11 W
- () :
, 150
gr/lt ( 15.00%).. 3.00 lt/.
4.8.
.
9.00 cm/(: ,
.
Qd= 45.00 m3/, : 45.00 / 0.09 = 500.00 m2
100 mm 120.0 m.
1.0 cm 10.00 cm.
: Filtec FBS 15
- : 15,2 m3/h
- : 7,94 m
- : 0,75 kW
- :
5.
5.1.
: ,
.
: 15,2 m3/h
: 7,94 m
: 0,75 kW: (2) (1 )
-
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5.2.
, 2.00 mm,
.
: (1)
5.3.
.
: 6 KW
: 125 m3/hr
: 1500 mbar
:
WR 150
: (2) (1 )
5.4.
, .
: KJI 190GR
:
: 20.00 - 27.00 Kg/h
: 14
5.5.
: 0.042-2.84 lt/h
: 5.5 Bar
: 11 W
: (1)
5.6. Air Lift
, 70
1/4". 3.5 m.
: (2)
5.7.
, :
- .
- .
- .
- , (ON), (OFF),
.
- .
- .
- .
5.8.
-
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, ,
.
6.
.
,
.
7.
7.1.
-
-
- ()
-
-
-
-
15
7.2.
-
-
-
:
. 1
. 30
.
- ()
-
-
7.3.
- BOD-
-
-
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-
-
7.4.
.
-
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_ __ ____
:
:
: /4
:
:
: 2011
:
-
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1. EI
, :
) 81.2.) -, . , 1990.) KLEEMANN.
81.2, :
2. &
)
(F):,
, 1.2 81.2.
(Q):
, :
) :
i) < 20: Q = ( 75 x ) (Kp)ii) 20: Q = ( 500 x . ) (Kp)
) :Q = ( 200 x . ) (Kp)
) :Q = ( 200 x . ) (Kp)
) :Q = ( 300 x . ) (Kp)
::
) :P = 100 + ( 50 x ) (Kp)
) :
i) Q 500 Kp: P = 100x( 3 + . ) (Kp)
ii) Q > 500 Kp: P = 100x( 3 + ( 1.25 x . . )) (Kp)
) , ,
, :
1.
= nxFg/((P+Q)/Ne) .
2.
D 40xd
3.
. = (P+Q)xC/W .:
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= 77 /mm2St37
= 92 /mm2St44
= 108 /mm2St52
n:
d: (mm)
P: (Kp)
Q: (Kp)
D: (mm)
Fg: (Kp)
W: (mm3)
C: (mm)
Ne:
) , ,
- - :
1. .
:
Fs F (N)
F= xExAxi/(2xlk) > 100 (A/2)x(Rm-(Rm-206)x(/100)) 100
:
E = 206010 Nt/mm
Fs = 1.4x9.81x((P+Q)xCm+0.64xPexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne
lk = (lg/Cm + 0.5) (m)
= lk/i
2.
:
.. (N/mm2)
P= ((9.81x(P+Q)xCm+PexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne)/0
.. = (er - eo)x2x/(2.3x1.7xdr)
eo = 1 mm
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3.
:
.. (N/mm2)
P= ((9.81x(P+Q)xCm+PexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne)/0
.. = (ek - eo)x2x/(2.3x1.7xDk)
eo = 1 mm
4.
.. (N/mm2)
P = ((9.81x(P+Q)xCm+PexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne)/0
.. = (e - eo)*2x/(2.3x1.7xD)
eo = 0.5 mm
:
P: (Kp)
Q: (Kp)
Rm:
240 (N/mm2) St37
360 (N/mm2) St52
Cm:
Ne:
Pe: (Kp)
Prh: (Kp)
J: (mm4)
i: (mm)
lk: (mm)
A0: (mm2)
A: (mm2)
er: (mm)
dr: (mm)
ek: (mm)
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Dk: (mm)
e: (mm)
d: (mm)
: :
240 (N/mm2) St37
360 (N/mm2) St52
lg = (m)
)
:
1.
Q= 600xVexA0 (l/min)
Ve = Vc/Cm (m/sec)
2.
= BsxVe/(100xnx1.3) (HP)
n = P/(Px+)
Bs = PxA0 (N)
:
Vc: (m/sec)
Cm:
0: (mm2)
:
:
n:
P:(N/mm2)
Bs: (N)
)
, "".. (
) , :
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1.
= 0.9xPbfxl/(4xWy)+Pkxw/A .
bf = 3xPb (N)
b = 0.5x9.81x(Rxb+Fxc+Qxd)/H (N)
c = 0.5xk+a (mm)
d = 2xk/3+a (mm)
Pk = 1.5x9.81x(P+Q) (N)
= l/iy
= f()
:
:
= 180 /mm2St37
= 217 /mm2St44
= 260 /mm2St52
Q: (Kp)
F: (Kp)
R: (Kp)
P: (Kp)
a: - (mm)
b: - (mm)
k: (mm)
c: (mm)
d: (mm)
l: (mm)
b: (N)
bf:
Pk: (N)
: (mm2)
Wy: (mm3)
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iy: (mm)
:
:
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1.
: : 8
Q : (75 * ) Q = 600 kg
: 5Dx :Mx Dx = 1400.00 mmDy :My Dy = 1100.00 mmlg : lg = 12.00 mVc : Vc = 0.63 m/secV'c : V'c= 0.63 m/secP : P = + + 1+ 2 P = 500 kgCm ::(2:1) (1:1) Cm= 2Ne : Ne = 1Prh : Prh= 45 kgP: P= 17.02 kg
: 90x6
: St52
Pel :/ m Pel = 12.42 kg/mL : L = 6.50 mPe :Pe= Pel* L Pe = 83.43 kgdr : dr = 90.0 mmdri : dri = 78.0 mmer : er = 6.0 mm
:St52
Dk : Dk = 139.7 mmDki : Dki = 130.7 mm
ek : ek = 4.5 mme1 : e1 = 20.00 mm
:D : D= 30.2 mm : e = 5.6 mmQ : Q= 125.00 l/min : = 1.07 : = 1.06 Nt/mm : No= 11.4 HPN : n = 4D : d = 8.0 mmFg : Fg = 3490 kg
D :. D = 320.0 mmda : da = 40.0 mmW : W = 6280 mmC : C = 35 mm
:& Nr : Nr = 2
1 :
: 1 KW = 1.341 * HP Joule = Ntm
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2.
MLkLk= L = Lg/Cm + lk/1000 = 12/2 + 0.500 = 6.5 m
Lk= L = 6.5 m
)
A0A0= *dr
2 / 4 = 3.14*90*90/4 = 6362 mm2
A0= 6362 mm
AA = *(dr
2-dri
2)/4 = 3.14*(90*90-78*78)/4 = 1583 mm2
A = 1583 mm2
JJ = *(dr
4 -dri4)/(64*10000) =>
J = 3.14*(90*90*90*90-78*78*78*78)/(640000) = 140.37 cm4
J = 140.37 cm4
i = J1/A1= (140.37*10000/1583) = 29.77 mmi = 29.77 mm
= Lk/i = 6.5*1000/29.77 = 218.3= 218.3
F
> 100 :E = 206010 Nt/mm
2
F= 2*E*A*i2/(2*Lk2) =>
F= 3.142*206010*1583*29.77*29.77/(2*(6.5*1000)*(6.5*1000)) =>
F= 33775 Nt
FsFs= 1.4*((P+Q)*Cm+0.64*Pe*Ne+Prh*Ne+P)/Ne=>
Fs= 1.4*(9.81*(500+600)*2+0.64*9.81*83.43*1+9.81*45*1+9.81*17.02)/1 = 31799.91 Nt
Fs= 31799.91 Nt
Fs
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1)
..= (er- eo)*2*/(2.3*1.7*dr)
eo= 0.5 mm
St 52 = 355 Nt/mm2
..= (6-0.5)*2*355/(2.3*1.7*90) = 11.1 Nt/mm2..= 11.1 Nt/mm2. 3.62
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QQ= 0.06*Ve*A0*Ne= 0.06*0.315*6362*1 = 120.24 l/min
Q= 120.24 l/min
Q' =125 l/min
: Q' >= Q
125 >= 120.24 l/min
VeVe = Q`/(0.06*A0*Ne) = 125/(0.06*6362*1)Ve = 0.327 m/sec
n = P./(P.x+) = 3.62/(3.62*1.07+1.06) = 0.73n = 0.73
= Bs*Ve/(1000*n) = 1*23009*0.327/(1000*0.73)*1.341 = 13.8 HPN = 13.8 HP 10.3 KW
=/1.3 = 13.8/1.3 = 10.6 HP= 10.6 HP 7.9 KW
No'= 11.4 HP 8.5 KW
4.
= n*Fg/ ( ((P+Q)/ Ne) + P) = 4*3490/(500+600) / 1 + 17.02) = 12.5
= 12.5 >= 12
St 44= 91.7 Nt/mm2
= (P+Q+(Prh*Ne))*C/(W*Ne) = 9.81*(500+600+(45*1))*35/(6280*1) =>= 62.6 Nt/mm2
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: & : T 89 x 62 x 16
: St 37 Q = 600.00 kg = 500.00 kg = 0.00 kg1 T1 = 0.00 kg2 T2 = 0.00 kg P = + +
x y x y x 1 x 2 y 1 y 2 xP= ( *Xc + *X+ 1*X1+
1+ 2 = 500.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 500.00 kgx Xcy Ycx x= 0.00 mmy y= 0.00 mmx x1 = 850.00 mmx x2 = 0.00 mm
y y1 = 700.00 mmy y2 = 0.00 mm2*X2 ) / =
850.00 mm
0.00 mm
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= ( 500.00*850.00 + 0.00*0.00 + 0.
y yP= ( *c + *+ 1*1+ = ( 500.00*0.00 + 0.00*0.00 + 0.00
l : 11
n = 2
Wx= 1Wy= 1Aiy= 18.29 mm= l/iy= 60
0*850.00 + 0.00*0.00 ) / 500.00 = 850.00 mm
y 2*2 ) / =700.00 + 0.00*0.00 ) / 500.00 = 0.00 mm
0.0 mmh : 2700.0 mm
x Dx = 1400.00 mm
y Dy = 1100.00 mm
h = 2700.00 mml = 1100.00 mm= 1570.00 mm2
500.00 mm3
1800.00 mm3
.15() = 1.306
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Xq= Xc+Dx/ 8 = 1025.00 mm
Yq= Yc= 0.00 mm
5.1.
5.1.1.
,
)
k1* gn* (Q * xQ + P * xP)Fx = ----------------------------------- = ----
n * h
Fx= 9446.67 Nt
3 * Fx* l 3 * 9446.67 * 1My= ---------------- = ----------------------
1/8 ()
k1= 5.00
,
5.00 * 9.81 * ( 600.00 * 1025.00 + 500.00 * 850.0----------------------------------------------------------------
2 * 2700.00
100.00--------------------- = 1948375.00 Nt * mm
:
)------- =>
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16 16
My 1948375.00y= --------- = ----------------- = 165.12 Nt / mm
2
Wy 11800.00
) , :
k1* gn* (Q * yQ + P * yP) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 600.00 * 0.00 + 500.00 * 0.00 )
Fy = ------------------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------ =>
n * h/2 2 * 2700.00 / 2
Fy = 0.00 Nt
3 * Fy* l 3 * 0.00 * 1100.00
Mx= ---------------- = ---------------------------- = 0.00 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 0.00
x= --------- = ----------------- = 0.00 Nt / mm2
Wx 14500.00
5.1.2
k1* gn* (Q + P ) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 600.00 + 500.00 )Fk = ------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------- = 26977.50 Nt
n 2
(Fk+ k3 * M)* (26977.50 + 0.000 * 0.000) * 1.306Gk= ----------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------ = 22.44 Nt / mm
2 1570.00
5.1.3.
m= x+ y 165.12 = 0.00 + 165.12
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c2 10.002
5.1.5.
Fx* l3 9446.67 * 1100.003
x = 0.7 * --------------- 1.695 = 0.7 * -----------------------------------------
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5.2.2.
.
5.2.3.
m= x+ y 39.628 = 0.00 + 39.63
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n * h/2
9.81 * 500.00 * ( 0.00 - 0.00 ) + 2354.40 * ( 700.00 - 0.00 )---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 610.40 Nt
2 * 2700.00 /2
3 * Fy* l 3 * 610.40 * 1100.00Mx= ---------------- = --------------------------------- = 125895.00 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 125895.00
x= -------- = ----------- = 8.68 Nt / mm2
Wx 14500.00
5.3.2.
.
5.3.3.
m= x+ y 28.655 = 8.68 + 19.97
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n * h 2 * 2700.00
Fx = 8492.92 Nt
3 * Fx* l 3 * 8492.92 * 1100.00
My= ---------------- = ------------------------------------------------ = 1751664.06 Nt * mm
16 16
My 1751664.06y= --------- = ----------------- = 148.45 Nt / mm
2
Wy 11800.00
) , :
k1* gn* (Q * yQ + P * yP) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 600.00 * 137.50 + 500.00 * 0.00 )
Fy = ------------------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------ =>
n * h/2 2 * 2700.00 / 2
Fy = 1498.75 Nt
3 * Fy* l 3 * 1498.75 * 1100.00
Mx= ---------------- = ---------------------------- = 309117.19 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 309117.19
x= --------- = --------------------- = 21.32 Nt / mm2
Wx 14500.00
5.1.2
k1* gn* (Q + P ) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 600.00 + 500.00 )Fk = ------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------- = 26977.50 Nt
n 2
(Fk+ k3 * M)* (26977.50 + 0.000 * 0.000 ) * 1.306Gk= ----------------------- = ----------------------------------------------------------------- = 22.44 Nt / mm
2 1570.00
5.1.3.
m= x+ y 169.76 = 21.32 + 148.45
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x Jx= 596000.00 mm4
y Jy= 525000.00 mm4
1.85 * Fx 1.85 * 8492.92
f= -------------- 157.12 = -------------------
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Mx 74188.13
x= -------- = --------------- = 5.12 Nt / mm2
Wx 14500.00
5.2.2.
.
5.2.3.
m= x+ y 40.743 = 5.12 + 35.63
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) , :
gn* P * (yP- yS) + F * ( yi- ys)
Fy= ----------------------------------------------- =
n * h/2
9.81 * 500.00 * ( 0.00 - 0.00 ) + 2354.40 * ( 700.00 - 0.00 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 610.40 Nt2 * 2700.00 /2
3 * Fy* l 3 * 610.40 * 1100.00
Mx= ---------------- = --------------------------------- = 125895.00 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 125895.00
x= -------- = ----------- = 8.68 Nt / mm2
Wx 14500.00
5.3.2.
.
5.3.3.
m= x+ y 28.655 = 8.68 + 19.97
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n = 1
, fm:
2.5*(P+Q+P
)/n < fm< 4*(P+Q+P
)/n =>
=>2.5*(500+600+17.02)/1 < fm< 4*(500+600+17.02)/1 =>=>2792.55 kg < fm< 4468.08 kg
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/
:
:
: /4
:
:
: 2011
:
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1. -
-3899/253/.9.2/02 ",
, , " ( 291/B/8-3-02) -.9.2/32803/1308/97"" (815//11-9-97) "81.2: 2 :
Y".
2.
,
. , ,
(). massif , .
: , ST37 DIN 2448/1629 DIN 50049/2.2, 100 Bar
75 , .
3.
. .
.
2 .
, .
, .
. , , ... o.
.
.
: ST37 DIN 2449/1629.: PTFE / Bronze
4.
.
.
220/42 .
. .
-
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5. -
(81.1 16.1).
O , (. 37/23.12.65 20,26, 81.1 . ). ,
(81.1 . .2).
. (
81.1 . 16.2.)
.
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1. EI
, :
) 81.2.) -, . , 1990.
) KLEEMANN.81.2, :
2. &
)
(F):, , 1.2 81.2.
(Q): , :
) :
i) < 20: Q = ( 75 x ) (Kp)ii) 20: Q = ( 500 x . ) (Kp)
) :Q = ( 200 x . ) (Kp)
) :Q = ( 200 x . ) (Kp)
) :Q = ( 300 x . ) (Kp)
::
) :P = 100 + ( 50 x ) (Kp)
) :
i) Q 500 Kp: P = 100x( 3 + . ) (Kp)
ii) Q > 500 Kp: P = 100x( 3 + ( 1.25 x . . )) (Kp)
) , ,
, :
1.
= nxFg/((P+Q)/Ne) .
2.
D 40xd
3.
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. = (P+Q)xC/W .:
= 77 /mm2St37
= 92 /mm2St44
= 108 /mm2St52
n:
d: (mm)
P: (Kp)
Q: (Kp)
D: (mm)
Fg: (Kp)
W: (mm3)
C: (mm)
Ne:
) , ,
- - :
1. .
:
Fs F (N)
F= xExAxi/(2xlk) > 100
(A/2)x(Rm-(Rm-206)x(/100)) 100
:
E = 206010 Nt/mm
Fs = 1.4x9.81x((P+Q)xCm+0.64xPexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne
lk = (lg/Cm + 0.5) (m)
= lk/i
2.
:
.. (N/mm2)
P= ((9.81x(P+Q)xCm+PexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne)/0
.. = (er - eo)x2x/(2.3x1.7xdr)
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eo = 1 mm
3.
:
.. (N/mm2)
P= ((9.81x(P+Q)xCm+PexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne)/0
.. = (ek - eo)x2x/(2.3x1.7xDk)
eo = 1 mm
4.
.. (N/mm2)
P = ((9.81x(P+Q)xCm+PexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne)/0
.. = (e - eo)*2x/(2.3x1.7xD)
eo = 0.5 mm
:
P: (Kp)
Q: (Kp)
Rm:
240 (N/mm2) St37
360 (N/mm2) St52
Cm:
Ne:
Pe: (Kp)
Prh: (Kp)
J: (mm4)
i: (mm)
lk: (mm)
A0: (mm2)
A: (mm2)
er: (mm)
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dr: (mm)
ek: (mm)
Dk: (mm)
e: (mm)
d: (mm)
: :
240 (N/mm2) St37
360 (N/mm2) St52
lg = (m)
)
:
1.
Q= 600xVexA0 (l/min)
Ve = Vc/Cm (m/sec)
2.
= BsxVe/(100xnx1.3) (HP)
n = P/(Px+)
Bs = PxA0 (N)
:
Vc: (m/sec)
Cm:
0: (mm2)
:
:
n:
P:(N/mm2)
Bs: (N)
)
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, "".. (
) , :
1.
= 0.9xPbfxl/(4xWy)+Pkxw/A .
bf = 3xPb (N)
b = 0.5x9.81x(Rxb+Fxc+Qxd)/H (N)
c = 0.5xk+a (mm)
d = 2xk/3+a (mm)
Pk = 1.5x9.81x(P+Q) (N)
= l/iy
= f()
:
:
= 180 /mm2St37
= 217 /mm2St44
= 260 /mm2St52
Q: (Kp)
F: (Kp)
R: (Kp)
P: (Kp)
a: - (mm)
b: - (mm)
k: (mm)
c: (mm)
d: (mm)
l: (mm)
b: (N)
bf:
Pk: (N)
: (mm2)
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Wy: (mm3)
iy: (mm)
:
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1.
: : 7
Q : (75 * ) Q = 525 kg
: 4Dx :Mx Dx = 1150.00 mmDy :My Dy = 1200.00 mmlg : lg = 9.00 mVc : Vc = 0.63 m/secV'c : V'c= 0.63 m/secP : P = + + 1+ 2 P = 450 kgCm ::(2:1) (1:1) Cm= 2Ne : Ne = 1Prh : Prh= 45 kgP: P= 14.26 kg
: 80x5
: St52
Pel :/ m Pel = 9.24 kg/mL : L = 5.00 mPe :Pe= Pel* L Pe = 48.30 kgdr : dr = 80.0 mmdri : dri = 70.0 mmer : er = 5.0 mm
:St52
Dk : Dk = 114.3 mmDki : Dki = 106.3 mm
ek : ek = 4.0 mme1 : e1 = 15.00 mm
:D : D= 30.2 mm : e = 5.6 mmQ : Q= 100.00 l/min : = 1.11 : = 1.16 Nt/mm : No= 11.4 HPN : n = 4D : d = 8.0 mmFg : Fg = 3490 kg
D :. D = 320.0 mmda : da = 40.0 mmW : W = 6280 mmC : C = 35 mm
:& Nr : Nr = 2
1 :
: 1 KW = 1.341 * HP Joule = Ntm
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2.
MLkLk= L = Lg/Cm + lk/1000 = 9/2 + 0.500 = 5 m
Lk= L = 5 m
)
A0A0= *dr
2 / 4 = 3.14*80*80/4 = 5027 mm2
A0= 5027 mm
AA = *(dr
2-dri
2)/4 = 3.14*(80*80-70*70)/4 = 1178 mm2
A = 1178 mm2
JJ = *(dr
4 -dri4)/(64*10000) =>
J = 3.14*(80*80*80*80-70*70*70*70)/(640000) = 83.2 cm4
J = 83.2 cm4
i = J1/A1= (83.2*10000/1178) = 26.58 mmi = 26.58 mm
= Lk/i = 5*1000/26.58 = 188.1= 188.1
F
> 100 :E = 206010 Nt/mm
2
F= 2*E*A*i2/(2*Lk2) =>
F= 3.142*206010*1178*26.58*26.58/(2*(5*1000)*(5*1000)) =>
F= 33834 Nt
FsFs= 1.4*((P+Q)*Cm+0.64*Pe*Ne+Prh*Ne+P)/Ne=>
Fs= 1.4*(9.81*(450+525)*2+0.64*9.81*48.3*1+9.81*45*1+9.81*14.26)/1 = 28019.72 Nt
Fs= 28019.72 Nt
Fs
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1)
..= (er- eo)*2*/(2.3*1.7*dr)
eo= 0.5 mm
St 52 = 355 Nt/mm2
..= (5-0.5)*2*355/(2.3*1.7*80) = 10.21 Nt/mm2..= 10.21 Nt/mm2. 4.02
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QQ= 0.06*Ve*A0*Ne= 0.06*0.315*5027*1 = 95 l/min
Q= 95 l/min
Q' =100 l/min
: Q' >= Q
100 >= 95 l/min
VeVe = Q`/(0.06*A0*Ne) = 100/(0.06*5027*1)Ve = 0.332 m/sec
n = P./(P.x+) = 4.02/(4.02*1.11+1.16) = 0.71n = 0.71
= Bs*Ve/(1000*n) = 1*20185*0.332/(1000*0.71)*1.341 = 12.6 HPN = 12.6 HP 9.4 KW
=/1.3 = 12.6/1.3 = 9.7 HP= 9.7 HP 7.2 KW
No'= 11.4 HP 8.5 KW
4.
= n*Fg/ ( ((P+Q)/ Ne) + P) = 4*3490/(450+525) / 1 + 14.26) = 14.11
= 14.11 >= 12
St 44= 91.7 Nt/mm2
= (P+Q+(Prh*Ne))*C/(W*Ne) = 9.81*(450+525+(45*1))*35/(6280*1) =>= 55.77 Nt/mm2
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: & : T 89 x 62 x 16
: St 37 Q = 525.00 kg = 450.00 kg = 0.00 kg1 T1 = 0.00 kg2 T2 = 0.00 kg P = + +
x y x y x 1 x 2 y 1 y 2 xP= ( *Xc + *X+ 1*X1+
1+ 2 = 450.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 450.00 kgx Xcy Ycx x= 0.00 mmy y= 0.00 mmx x1 = 725.00 mmx x2 = 0.00 mm
y y1 = 650.00 mmy y2 = 0.00 mm2*X2 ) / =
725.00 mm
0.00 mm
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= ( 450.00*725.00 + 0.00*0.00 + 0.
y yP= ( *c + *+ 1*1+ = ( 450.00*0.00 + 0.00*0.00 + 0.00
l : 11
n = 2
Wx= 1Wy= 1Aiy= 18.29 mm= l/iy= 60
0*725.00 + 0.00*0.00 ) / 450.00 = 725.00 mm
y 2*2 ) / =650.00 + 0.00*0.00 ) / 450.00 = 0.00 mm
0.0 mmh : 2700.0 mm
x Dx = 1150.00 mm
y Dy = 1200.00 mm
h = 2700.00 mml = 1100.00 mm= 1570.00 mm2
500.00 mm3
1800.00 mm3
.15() = 1.306
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Xq= Xc+Dx/ 8 = 868.75 mm
Yq= Yc= 0.00 mm
5.1.
5.1.1.
,
)
k1* gn* (Q * xQ + P * xP)Fx = ----------------------------------- = ----
n * h
Fx= 7106.29 Nt
3 * Fx* l 3 * 7106.29 * 1My= ---------------- = ----------------------
1/8 ()
k1= 5.00
,
5.00 * 9.81 * ( 525.00 * 868.75 + 450.00 * 725.00----------------------------------------------------------------
2 * 2700.00
100.00--------------------- = 1465672.12 Nt * mm
:
------- =>
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16 16
My 1465672.12y= --------- = ----------------- = 124.21 Nt / mm
2
Wy 11800.00
) , :
k1* gn* (Q * yQ + P * yP) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 525.00 * 0.00 + 450.00 * 0.00 )
Fy = ------------------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------ =>
n * h/2 2 * 2700.00 / 2
Fy = 0.00 Nt
3 * Fy* l 3 * 0.00 * 1100.00
Mx= ---------------- = ---------------------------- = 0.00 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 0.00
x= --------- = ----------------- = 0.00 Nt / mm2
Wx 14500.00
5.1.2
k1* gn* (Q + P ) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 525.00 + 450.00 )Fk = ------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------- = 23911.88 Nt
n 2
(Fk+ k3 * M)* (23911.88 + 0.000 * 0.000) * 1.306Gk= ----------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------ = 19.89 Nt / mm
2 1570.00
5.1.3.
m= x+ y 124.21 = 0.00 + 124.21
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c2 10.002
5.1.5.
Fx* l3 7106.29 * 1100.003
x = 0.7 * --------------- 1.275 = 0.7 * -----------------------------------------
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5.2.2.
.
5.2.3.
m= x+ y 29.810 = 0.00 + 29.81
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n * h/2
9.81 * 450.00 * ( 0.00 - 0.00 ) + 2060.10 * ( 650.00 - 0.00 )---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 495.95 Nt
2 * 2700.00 /2
3 * Fy* l 3 * 495.95 * 1100.00Mx= ---------------- = --------------------------------- = 102289.69 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 102289.69
x= -------- = ----------- = 7.05 Nt / mm2
Wx 14500.00
5.3.2.
.
5.3.3.
m= x+ y 22.248 = 7.05 + 15.19
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n * h 2 * 2700.00
Fx = 6420.78 Nt
3 * Fx* l 3 * 6420.78 * 1100.00
My= ---------------- = ------------------------------------------------ = 1324286.13 Nt * mm
16 16
My 1324286.13y= --------- = ----------------- = 112.23 Nt / mm
2
Wy 11800.00
) , :
k1* gn* (Q * yQ + P * yP) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 525.00 * 150.00 + 450.00 * 0.00 )
Fy = ------------------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------ =>
n * h/2 2 * 2700.00 / 2
Fy = 1430.63 Nt
3 * Fy* l 3 * 1430.63 * 1100.00
Mx= ---------------- = ---------------------------- = 295066.41 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 295066.41
x= --------- = --------------------- = 20.35 Nt / mm2
Wx 14500.00
5.1.2
k1* gn* (Q + P ) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 525.00 + 450.00 )Fk = ------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------- = 23911.88 Nt
n 2
(Fk+ k3 * M)* (23911.88 + 0.000 * 0.000 ) * 1.306Gk= ----------------------- = ----------------------------------------------------------------- = 19.89 Nt / mm
2 1570.00
5.1.3.
m= x+ y 132.58 = 20.35 + 112.23
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x Jx= 596000.00 mm4
y Jy= 525000.00 mm4
1.85 * Fx 1.85 * 6420.78
f= -------------- 118.78 = -------------------
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Mx 70815.94
x= -------- = --------------- = 4.88 Nt / mm2
Wx 14500.00
5.2.2.
.
5.2.3.
m= x+ y 31.818 = 4.88 + 26.93
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) , :
gn* P * (yP- yS) + F * ( yi- ys)
Fy= ----------------------------------------------- =
n * h/2
9.81 * 450.00 * ( 0.00 - 0.00 ) + 2060.10 * ( 650.00 - 0.00 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 495.95 Nt2 * 2700.00 /2
3 * Fy* l 3 * 495.95 * 1100.00
Mx= ---------------- = --------------------------------- = 102289.69 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 102289.69
x= -------- = ----------- = 7.05 Nt / mm2
Wx 14500.00
5.3.2.
.
5.3.3.
m= x+ y 22.248 = 7.05 + 15.19
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n = 1
, fm:
2.5*(P+Q+P
)/n < fm< 4*(P+Q+P
)/n =>
=>2.5*(450+525+14.26)/1 < fm< 4*(450+525+14.26)/1 =>=>2473.15 kg < fm< 3957.04 kg
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()
:
:
: /4
:
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1. -
-3899/253/.9.2/02 ",
, , " ( 291/B/8-3-02) -.9.2/32803/1308/97"" (815//11-9-97) "81.2: 2 :
Y".
2.
,
. , ,
(). massif , .
: , ST37 DIN 2448/1629 DIN 50049/2.2, 100 Bar
75 , .
3.
. .
.
2 .
, .
, .
. , , ... o.
.
.
: ST37 DIN 2449/1629.: PTFE / Bronze
4.
.
.
220/42 .
. .
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5. -
(81.1 16.1).
O , (. 37/23.12.65 20,26, 81.1 . ). ,
(81.1 . .2).
. (
81.1 . 16.2.)
.
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1. EI
, :
) 81.2.) -, . , 1990.) KLEEMANN.
81.2, :
2. &
)
(F):, , 1.2 81.2.
(Q):
, :
) :
i) < 20: Q = ( 75 x ) (Kp)
ii) 20: Q = ( 500 x . ) (Kp)
) :Q = ( 200 x . ) (Kp)
) :Q = ( 200 x . ) (Kp)
) :Q = ( 300 x . ) (Kp)
::
) :P = 100 + ( 50 x ) (Kp)
) :
i) Q 500 Kp: P = 100x( 3 + . ) (Kp)
ii) Q > 500 Kp: P = 100x( 3 + ( 1.25 x . . )) (Kp)
) , ,
, :
1.
= nxFg/((P+Q)/Ne) .
2.
D 40xd
3.
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. = (P+Q)xC/W .
:
= 77 /mm2St37
= 92 /mm2St44
= 108 /mm2St52
n:
d: (mm)
P: (Kp)
Q: (Kp)
D: (mm)
Fg: (Kp)
W: (mm3)
C: (mm)
Ne:
) , ,
- - :
1. .
:
Fs F (N)
F= xExAxi/(2xlk) > 100 (A/2)x(Rm-(Rm-206)x(/100)) 100
:
E = 206010 Nt/mm
Fs = 1.4x9.81x((P+Q)xCm+0.64xPexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne
lk = (lg/Cm + 0.5) (m)
= lk/i
2.
:
.. (N/mm2)
P= ((9.81x(P+Q)xCm+PexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne)/0
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.. = (er - eo)x2x/(2.3x1.7xdr)
eo = 1 mm
3.
:
.. (N/mm2)
P= ((9.81x(P+Q)xCm+PexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne)/0
.. = (ek - eo)x2x/(2.3x1.7xDk)
eo = 1 mm
4.
.. (N/mm2)
P = ((9.81x(P+Q)xCm+PexNe+PrhxNe)/Ne)/0
.. = (e - eo)*2x/(2.3x1.7xD)
eo = 0.5 mm
:
P: (Kp)
Q: (Kp)
Rm:
240 (N/mm2) St37
360 (N/mm2) St52
Cm:
Ne:
Pe: (Kp)
Prh: (Kp)
J: (mm4)
i: (mm)
lk: (mm)
A0: (mm2)
A: (mm2)
er: (mm)
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dr: (mm)
ek: (mm)
Dk: (mm)
e: (mm)
d: (mm)
: :
240 (N/mm2) St37
360 (N/mm2) St52
lg = (m)
)
:
1.
Q= 600xVexA0 (l/min)
Ve = Vc/Cm (m/sec)
2.
= BsxVe/(100xnx1.3) (HP)
n = P/(Px+)
Bs = PxA0 (N)
:
Vc: (m/sec)
Cm:
0: (mm2)
:
:
n:
P:(N/mm2)
Bs: (N)
)
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, "".
. () , :
1.
= 0.9xPbfxl/(4xWy)+Pkxw/A .
bf = 3xPb (N)
b = 0.5x9.81x(Rxb+Fxc+Qxd)/H (N)
c = 0.5xk+a (mm)
d = 2xk/3+a (mm)
Pk = 1.5x9.81x(P+Q) (N)
= l/iy
= f()
:
:
= 180 /mm2St37
= 217 /mm2St44
= 260 /mm2St52
Q: (Kp)
F: (Kp)
R: (Kp)
P: (Kp)
a: - (mm)
b: - (mm)
k: (mm)
c: (mm)
d: (mm)
l: (mm)
b: (N)
bf:
Pk: (N)
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: (mm2)
Wy: (mm3)
iy: (mm)
:
:
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1.
: : 4
Q : (75 * ) Q = 300 kg
: 5Dx :Mx Dx = 900.00 mmDy :My Dy = 900.00 mmlg : lg = 12.00 mVc : Vc = 0.63 m/secV'c : V'c= 0.63 m/secP : P = + + 1+ 2 P = 300 kgCm ::(2:1) (1:1) Cm= 2Ne : Ne = 1Prh : Prh= 45 kgP: P= 17.02 kg
: 80x5
: St52
Pel :/ m Pel = 9.24 kg/mL : L = 6.50 mPe :Pe= Pel* L Pe = 62.16 kgdr : dr = 80.0 mmdri : dri = 70.0 mmer : er = 5.0 mm
:St52
Dk : Dk = 114.3 mmDki : Dki = 106.3 mm
ek : ek = 4.0 mme1 : e1 = 15.00 mm
:D : D= 30.2 mm : e = 5.6 mmQ : Q= 100.00 l/min : = 1.11 : = 1.16 Nt/mm : No= 8.0 HPN : n = 4D : d = 8.0 mmFg : Fg = 3490 kg
D :. D = 320.0 mmda : da = 40.0 mmW : W = 6280 mmC : C = 35 mm
:& Nr : Nr = 2
1 :
: 1 KW = 1.341 * HP Joule = Ntm
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2.
MLkLk= L = Lg/Cm + lk/1000 = 12/2 + 0.500 = 6.5 m
Lk= L = 6.5 m
)
A0A0= *dr
2 / 4 = 3.14*80*80/4 = 5027 mm2
A0= 5027 mm
AA = *(dr
2-dri
2)/4 = 3.14*(80*80-70*70)/4 = 1178 mm2
A = 1178 mm2
JJ = *(dr
4 -dri4)/(64*10000) =>
J = 3.14*(80*80*80*80-70*70*70*70)/(640000) = 83.2 cm4
J = 83.2 cm4
i = J1/A1= (83.2*10000/1178) = 26.58 mmi = 26.58 mm
= Lk/i = 6.5*1000/26.58 = 244.6= 244.6
F
> 100 :E = 206010 Nt/mm
2
F= 2*E*A*i2/(2*Lk2) =>
F= 3.142*206010*1178*26.58*26.58/(2*(6.5*1000)*(6.5*1000)) =>
F= 20020 Nt
FsFs= 1.4*((P+Q)*Cm+0.64*Pe*Ne+Prh*Ne+P)/Ne=>
Fs= 1.4*(9.81*(300+300)*2+0.64*9.81*62.16*1+9.81*45*1+9.81*17.02)/1 = 17878.95 Nt
Fs= 17878.95 Nt
Fs
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1)
..= (er- eo)*2*/(2.3*1.7*dr)
eo= 0.5 mm
St 52 = 355 Nt/mm2
..= (5-0.5)*2*355/(2.3*1.7*80) = 10.21 Nt/mm2..= 10.21 Nt/mm2. 2.58
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QQ= 0.06*Ve*A0*Ne= 0.06*0.315*5027*1 = 95 l/min
Q= 95 l/min
Q' =100 l/min
: Q' >= Q
100 >= 95 l/min
VeVe = Q`/(0.06*A0*Ne) = 100/(0.06*5027*1)Ve = 0.332 m/sec
n = P./(P.x+) = 2.58/(2.58*1.11+1.16) = 0.64n = 0.64
= Bs*Ve/(1000*n) = 1*12990*0.332/(1000*0.64)*1.341 = 9 HPN = 9 HP 6.7 KW
=/1.3 = 9/1.3 = 6.9 HP= 6.9 HP 5.2 KW
No'= 8 HP 6 KW
4.
= n*Fg/ ( ((P+Q)/ Ne) + P) = 4*3490/(300+300) / 1 + 17.02) = 22.62
= 22.62 >= 12
St 44= 91.7 Nt/mm2
= (P+Q+(Prh*Ne))*C/(W*Ne) = 9.81*(300+300+(45*1))*35/(6280*1) =>= 35.26 Nt/mm2
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: & : T 70 x 70 x 9
: St 37 Q = 300.00 kg = 300.00 kg = 0.00 kg1 T1 = 0.00 kg2 T2 = 0.00 kg P = + +
x y x y x 1 x 2 y 1 y 2 xP= ( *Xc + *X+ 1*X1+
1+ 2 = 300.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 300.00 kgx Xcy Ycx x= 0.00 mmy y= 0.00 mmx x1 = 600.00 mmx x2 = 0.00 mm
y y1 = 500.00 mmy y2 = 0.00 mm2*X2 ) / =
600.00 mm
0.00 mm
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= ( 300.00*600.00 + 0.00*0.00 + 0.
y yP= ( *c + *+ 1*1+ = ( 300.00*0.00 + 0.00*0.00 + 0.00
l : 11
n = 2
Wx= 1Wy= 7Aiy= 14.60 mm= l/iy= 75
0*600.00 + 0.00*0.00 ) / 300.00 = 600.00 mm
y 2*2 ) / =500.00 + 0.00*0.00 ) / 300.00 = 0.00 mm
0.0 mmh : 2700.0 mm
x Dx = 900.00 mm
y Dy = 900.00 mm
h = 2700.00 mml = 1100.00 mm= 1150.00 mm2
400.00 mm3
00.00 mm3
.36() = 1.490
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Xq= Xc+Dx/ 8 = 712.50 mm
Yq= Yc= 0.00 mm
5.1.
5.1.1.
,
)
k1* gn* (Q * xQ + P * xP)Fx = ----------------------------------- = ----
n * h
Fx= 3576.56 Nt
3 * Fx* l 3 * 3576.56 * 1My= ---------------- = ----------------------
1/8 ()
k1= 5.00
,
5.00 * 9.81 * ( 300.00 * 712.50 + 300.00 * 600.00----------------------------------------------------------------
2 * 2700.00
100.00--------------------- = 737666.02 Nt * mm
:
------- =>
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16 16
My 737666.02y= --------- = ----------------- = 105.38 Nt / mm
2
Wy 7000.00
) , :
k1* gn* (Q * yQ + P * yP) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 300.00 * 0.00 + 300.00 * 0.00 )
Fy = ------------------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------ =>
n * h/2 2 * 2700.00 / 2
Fy = 0.00 Nt
3 * Fy* l 3 * 0.00 * 1100.00
Mx= ---------------- = ---------------------------- = 0.00 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 0.00
x= --------- = ----------------- = 0.00 Nt / mm2
Wx 10400.00
5.1.2
k1* gn* (Q + P ) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 300.00 + 300.00 )Fk = ------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------- = 14715.00 Nt
n 2
(Fk+ k3 * M)* (14715.00 + 0.000 * 0.000) * 1.490Gk= ----------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------ = 19.07 Nt / mm
2 1150.00
5.1.3.
m= x+ y 105.38 = 0.00 + 105.38
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c2 8.002
5.1.5.
Fx* l3 3576.56 * 1100.003
x = 0.7 * --------------- 1.375 = 0.7 * -----------------------------------------
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5.2.2.
.
5.2.3.
m= x+ y 25.291 = 0.00 + 25.29
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n * h/2
9.81 * 300.00 * ( 0.00 - 0.00 ) + 1177.20 * ( 500.00 - 0.00 )---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 218.00 Nt
2 * 2700.00 /2
3 * Fy* l 3 * 218.00 * 1100.00Mx= ---------------- = --------------------------------- = 44962.50 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 44962.50
x= -------- = ----------- = 4.32 Nt / mm2
Wx 10400.00
5.3.2.
.
5.3.3.
m= x+ y 17.812 = 4.32 + 13.49
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n * h 2 * 2700.00
Fx = 3270.00 Nt
3 * Fx* l 3 * 3270.00 * 1100.00
My= ---------------- = ------------------------------------------------ = 674437.50 Nt * mm
16 16
My 674437.50y= --------- = ----------------- = 96.35 Nt / mm
2
Wy 7000.00
) , :
k1* gn* (Q * yQ + P * yP) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 300.00 * 112.50 + 300.00 * 0.00 )
Fy = ------------------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------ =>
n * h/2 2 * 2700.00 / 2
Fy = 613.13 Nt
3 * Fy* l 3 * 613.13 * 1100.00
Mx= ---------------- = ---------------------------- = 126457.03 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 126457.03
x= --------- = --------------------- = 12.16 Nt / mm2
Wx 10400.00
5.1.2
k1* gn* (Q + P ) 5.00 * 9.81 * ( 300.00 + 300.00 )Fk = ------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------- = 14715.00 Nt
n 2
(Fk+ k3 * M)* (14715.00 + 0.000 * 0.000 ) * 1.490Gk= ----------------------- = ----------------------------------------------------------------- = 19.07 Nt / mm
2 1150.00
5.1.3.
m= x+ y 108.51 = 12.16 + 96.35
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x Jx= 511000.00 mm4
y Jy= 245000.00 mm4
1.85 * Fx 1.85 * 3270.00
f= -------------- 94.52 = -------------------
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Mx 30349.69
x= -------- = --------------- = 2.92 Nt / mm2
Wx 10400.00
5.2.2.
.
5.2.3.
m= x+ y 26.042 = 2.92 + 23.12
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) , :
gn* P * (yP- yS) + F * ( yi- ys)
Fy= ----------------------------------------------- =
n * h/2
9.81 * 300.00 * ( 0.00 - 0.00 ) + 1177.20 * ( 500.00 - 0.00 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 218.00 Nt2 * 2700.00 /2
3 * Fy* l 3 * 218.00 * 1100.00
Mx= ---------------- = --------------------------------- = 44962.50 Nt * mm
16 16
Mx 44962.50
x= -------- = ----------- = 4.32 Nt / mm2
Wx 10400.00
5.3.2.
.
5.3.3.
m= x+ y 17.812 = 4.32 + 13.49
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n = 1
, fm:
2.5*(P+Q+P
)/n < fm< 4*(P+Q+P
)/n =>
=>2.5*(300+300+17.02)/1 < fm< 4*(300+300+17.02)/1 =>=>1542.55 kg < fm< 2468.08 kg
2011
-
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()
:
:
: /4
:
:
: 2011
:
()
-
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1. -
-3899/253/.9.2/02 ",
, , " ( 291/B/8-3-02) -.9.2/32803/1308/97"" (815//11-9-97) "81.2: 2 :
Y".
2.
,
. , ,
(). massif , .
: , ST37 DIN 2448/1629 DIN 50049/2.2, 100 Bar
75 , .
3.
. .
.
2 .
, .
, .
. , , ... o.
.
.
: ST37 DIN 2449/1629.: PTFE / Bronze
4.
.
.
220/42 .
. .
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5. -
(81.1 16.1).
O , (. 37/23.12.65 20,26, 81.1 . ). ,
(81.1 . .2).
. (
81.1 . 16.2.)
.
-
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_ __ ____
:
:
: /4
:
:
: 2011
:
-
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1.
...
:
)lectrical Installations handbook, Vol 1, 2, & 3 SIEMENS
) , . .
), .
)/, .
) ,
()
) , .
) . .., .
) SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC
) FULGOR
) ,
)
2. &
()
,
() .
-
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:
(1)- ():
:
__________________
1 = 0.0425 x Q( ( 104x K) / (H x
3) )
Q= Q. + Q. KW
= .
=
m.
=
C.
m.
(2)- :
A2 = 1,2 x A1
m.
(3)
-
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.
:
Q= Q. + Q. W
=
C.
:
P = (Qx 1,2) / ( 0,31 x ) =
.
()
(1)
I= S/ (3 x Un)
In= P / (3 x Un)
:
S= VA
P = KVA
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Un= KV
3 x x U> 250 MVA.
630 SF6 .
(2)
.
I= S/ (3 x Un)
In= P / (3 x Un)
:
S= VA
P = KVA
Un= KV
400 630 1600
() /
In = P / (3 x Un)
:
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P = KVA
Un= KV
:
> n
/.
,
(kVA)
(A)
(A)
(A)
(A)
50 1.5 72 6.3 10
75 2.2 108 10 16
100 2.9 144 10 16
125 3.9 180 16 25
160 4.7 230 16 25
200 5.8 290 16 40
250 7.3 360 16 25
315 9.2 455 16 40
400 11.6 576 25 40
500 14.5 720 25 63
630 18.2 910 25 63
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800 23.1 1160 40 100
1000 29 1440 40 100
1250 39 1800 63 100
1600 46.5 2300 63 100
() /
:
1000 x Sk
= t ,
__
3 x Un x k
:
Sk= (MVA)
Un= KV
t = (sec)
k = (/ mm)x s) ,
k (Cu) A s/mm
109 , 6,6 15kV,
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115 PVC, 20kV 22 kV
143
k (Al) A s/mm
72 , 6,6 15kV,
76 PVC, 20kV 22 kV
94
k A s/mm
110 , (Cu)
54 , (Al)
66 ACSR
16, 25, 35, 50, 70, 95 125 mm ..
() //.
:
(1)
n
=< I
K1x K2
12:
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1, ,
.
,
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2, , ,
.
(2)
q = 7 x Ithx k =<
:
k = (k> 0.150 sec /k>= 0.002 sec /)
______
Ith= Ik x m + 1 (Ik = )
k k m +1______
m + 1
/ >= 0.150 = 1.8
-
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Pcu
ur= ------ 100
SN
k :
-
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_______
ux= uk2 ur
2
R / X = ur/
u
x
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k=1.02 + 0.98-r/x
(3)
(FH) :
_
FH= 3 x 10-1
x Is2x (l/a)
:
Is= (Is= k x 2 x Ik)
l = cm.
a = cm.
:
= 0.73 x V1x FHx l / 8W =< 1.5 x R02
:
W = h x b/6 (mm)
V1= 1.8
/
20-15 kv
.
.
.
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V1= 1.0 /20-15 kv ...
R02= (N/mm)
(4)
________________
f = 112 x ( (E x J ) / (g x I4) ) Hz
E = ( Kg/cm2)
J = (cm4)
g = cm (kg/cm)
l = (cm)
:
f =< 50 - 10% Hz
f >= 50 + 10%
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() cos
:
= k
cos1= cos
coscos2,
Qc= N x (tan1 tan2) kVA
W
:
-
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.
, .
-
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1.
) ,
630 KVA. 20 KVA
650 KVA.
) / 400-630-800-1.000-1.250-1.600-2.000-2.500-
3.150-4.000 KVA
572 -902 -1.146 -1.431 1790= 0,86.
) , /.
/.
2.
E1 /800 KVA.
:
: ABB TNOSLF-800KVA
(KVA) : 800
(KV)
: 20
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(V) : 400
:
(%) : 6
(W) : 1.940
(W) : 8.200
3.
3.1
-():
:
________________________
1 = 0,0425 * Q* ( ( 10.000 * K) / (H * * * ) ) / 1000
Q= (Q.+ Q. ) * (/) = (8.200 W + 1.940 W) * ( 1 + 0) =
10.140 W
= , 7
=
2.2 m
=
12 C
1 = 1,849 m2.
2 m2 > 1,849 m2 .
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-:
A2 = 1,2 x A1
2 = 1,2 x 1,849 = 2,219 m2.
E m2 > 2,219 m2 .
3.2.
:
- /Lmin =
120 cm
- /Lmin =
40 cm
- /Lmin= 80 cm
.
3.3 /
)
, :
1000 x Sk
= t , [ mm2]
3 x Un x k
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:
Sk = (MVA) = 500 MVA
Un = KV = 20 KV
t = (sec) = 0,5 sec
k = ((/ mm2)x s) , (= 143 ),
= 71,37 mm2
95 mm2
)
, :
1000 x Sk
= t , [ mm2]
3 x Un x k
:
Sk = (MVA) = 500 MVA
Un = KV = 20 KV
t = (sec) = 0,5 sec
k = ((/ mm2)x s) , (= 143 ),
= 71,37 mm2
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95 mm2
3.4
I= S/ (3 x Un) ()
In = P / (3 x Un) ()
:
Sk = VA = 500 VA
P = KVA = 800 KVA
Un = KV = 20 KV
I= 500 / (3 x 20) = 14,434 A
In = 800 / (3 x 20) = 23,09 A
630 A
:
(KV) : 24
(Hz) : 50
(A) : 630
1 sec(KA) :
(KA) :
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(KV) :
(mm) :
21 KV - 10 kA .
3.5 /
:
In = P / (3 x Un) ()
:
P = /KVA = 800 KVA
Un = KV = 20 KV
In = 800 / (3 x 20) = 23,09 A
25 A .
I= S/ (3 x Un) ()
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In = P / (3 x Un) ()
:
S= VA = 500 MVA
P = /KVA = 800 KVA
Un = KV = 20 KV
I= 500 / (3 x 20) = 14,434 A
In = 800 / (3 x 20) = 23,09 A
630 A
:
(KV) : 24
(Hz) : 50
(A) : 630
1 sec(KA) :
(KA) :
(KV) :
(mm) :
3.6
:
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: 800 KVA
cos1= 0,700
cos2= 0,800 ()
:
:
cos1= 0,700 sin1= 0,714 tan1= 1,020
cos2= 0,800 sin2= 0,600 tan2= 0,750
:
= x cos1 x (tan1 - tan2) = 800 x 0,700 x ( 1,020 0,750) = 151,3 KVAR.
:
=/3 = 50,4
3.7
E
(mm) x(mm) : 12x10
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:
(kg/m) : 1,063
: 1
. (A) : 326
:
I= S/ (3 x Un) (KA)
In = P / (3 x Un) (A)
:
S= VA = 500 MVA
P = KVA = 800 KVA
Un= KV = 20 KV
I= 500 / (3 x 20) = 14,434 A
In= 800 / (3 x 20)= 23,09 A
:
)
:
In/ (1x K2)=23,09 / ( 0,9930 x 0,7897 ) = 29,45 < 326 12 x 10, 1.
:
1: , ,
.
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2: , ,
.
n: ()
)
1 = 50C max
= 200C :
g = 7 x Ix ( m + n ) x T= 7 x 14,434 x ( -0,1478 + 1 ) x 0,500 = 66,0 mm2< 119,5 mm2
12 x 10, 1. .
:
:
m : .
n : .
=
)
l = 100 (cm) a =
15 (cm)
H= ( 0,73 x 1x 3 x 0,1 x 2x 2 x I
2x l
2x 6) / ( 8 x a x h x b
2) =
= (0,73 x 1,8000 x 3 x 0,1 x 1,80002x 2 x 14,434
2x 100
2x 6) / ( 8 x 15 x 12 x 10
2) = 128,0202 55 Hz
3.8
E
(mm) x(mm) : 80x10
:
(kg/m) : 7,110
: 1
. (KA) : 1.500
:
I= n x (Px100)/ (ux 3 x U) ()
In=n x (P x 1000) / (3 x U) ()
:
P = /KVA = 800 KVA
U= V = 400 V
u= % = 6%
n =
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I= (1 + 0) x (( 800 x 100) / ( 6 x 3 x 400)) = 19,245 A
I= (1 + 0) x ((800 x 1000) / (3 x 400)) = 1.154,70 A
:
)
:
I/ (1x K2)= 1.154,70 / (1 x 0,7897 ) = 1.462,29 < 1.500 80 x 10,
1.
1: , ,
.
2: , ,
.
n: ()
)
1 = 50C max
= 200C :
g = 7 x Ix ( m + n ) x T= 7 x 19,245 x ( -0,1226 + 1 ) x 0,500 = 89,2 mm2< 799 mm
2
80 x 10, 1. .
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:
:
m : .
n : .
=
)
l = 100 (mm) a =
25 (mm)
H= ( 0,73 x 1x 3 x 0,1 x 2x 2 x I
2x l
2x 6) / ( 8 x a x h x b
2) =
= (0,73 x 1,8000 x 3 x 0,1 x 1,60002x 2 x 19,2452 x 1002 x 6) / ( 8 x 25 x 80 x 102 ) = 16,1843 < 1,5
x R2= 1,5 x 250 .
:
1 =
,
= .
I= ( )
h = ( mm )
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b = ( mm )
R2 = 2% ,
( /mm2)
)
f = 112 x ( (E x J ) / (g x I4) ) = 112 x ( (11.000.000 x 0,6667 ) / (0,071 x 100
4) ) = 113,7 Hz
E = ( Kg/cm2
)
J = (cm4)
g = cm (kg/cm)
l = (cm)
113,7 > 55 Hz
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TEXNIKH /
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
24 kV
1 -
..
.
.. :
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,
,
,
,
.
..
(5) .
2 -
:
IEC 60298 AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages
above 1kV and up to and including 54 kV,
IEC 60265 MV switches,
IEC 60129 AC disconnectors and earthing switches,
IEC 60694 Common clauses for MV switchgear and controlgear,
IEC 60420 MV AC switch-fuse combinations,
IEC 60056 MV AC circuit breakers,
IEC 60282-1 MV fuses,
IEC 60185 Current transformers,
IEC 60186 Voltage transformers,
IEC 60801 Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial process measurement and
control equipment.
-
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3 - -
: 24 kV.
: 50Hz.
: 16 kA / 1 sec.
4.5, 4.6 4.7 IEC 60694 4.5 IEC 60298.
4 -
4 -1
IEC, -5 C
+40 C 1000 m.
(kV) 24
50 Hz / 1 mn 50
60
1.2/50s 125
(KV peak) 145
(A) 16
(A) 25
16(KA/1sec)
. : 2.5 .
4 - 2
24KV
630 16
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12,5
16
(*) IEC 60265 IEC 60265
1000 100 In cos= 0.7
400 IEC 60056 IEC 60056
300 000 100 000 320 A
300 000 250 A
IEC 60056 IEC 60056
10 000 40 12.5 kA
10 000 In,
cos=0.7
(*) . :,
IEC 60420 3 cos= 0,2 :
1400 A 24 kV
5 - ..
5 - 1
..
.
metal compartmented 3.102.2 IEC 60298.
(5) :
,
,
,
,
.
-
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5 - 2 ..
.. ,
.
.
.
IP2XC.
.
() 50.
RAL 9002.
, (, ,
...).
, .
.. , 125 mm.
, .
,
.
5 - 3
.
.
.
-
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.
IEC 60298.
5 - 4
(making capacity) IEC 60129.
.
, .
.
.
.
5 - 5
(SF6)
. .
,
.
, ,
.
3.104 IEC 60265-1.
(- - ),
-
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.
SF6 0,5 bar.
, IEC 60298 (G, 2.3 3.3)
(sealed for life) 30 .
SF6. 30
SF6 .
1000 .
.
:
-
.
5 - 6 (...)
... . .
.
... . 10000
.
SF6 0,5 bar.
(sealed for life), 30
IEC 60056 (1, 2, 3).
SF6. ... 30
SF6 .
...
.
-
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:
,
,
,
(),
...
.
5 - 7
.
, , ,
PVC.
, ,
.
.
5 - 8
.
12,5
kA/0,7 s.
.
-
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.
5 - 9
,
..
. ,
.
.
.
.
.
anti-reflex
.
5 - 10
(, , ...)
, .
,
.
.
-
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5 - 11
, .
, , , ...
.
.
.
5 - 12
, .
, ...
- - (
). .. ...
.
.
5 - 13
5.4 IEC 60298 5.4 IEC 60694.
,
. :
- 2.5mm2
- 1 mm2
5 - 14 -
-
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, (/), ..,
.
/ , ,
.
IEC 60801.4 .
.
6 -
6 - 1
()
.
(impulse dielectric tests),
(power frequency dielectric tests),
(temperature-rise tests),
(short-time withstand current tests),
(mechanical operating tests),
(verification of the degree of protection),
(verification of electromagnetic compatibilty).
(verification of making and breaking capacity)
...
6 - 2
IEC 60298.
-
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(power frequency dielectric test),
(dielectric test on auxiliary and control
circuit),
(verification of the correct wiring),
(mechanical operation tests).
7 -
:
.
8 -
8 - 1
:
630A.
24kV, 630A, 50/125kV, 16kA/1 sec .
.
.
240mm2.
21 kV/5kA.
: : (500 940 1600) mm.
' :
.
.
-
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50W, 230V
350mm.
450mm.
.
8 - 2 - /(...)
(1 / )
:
630.
24kV,630A.50/125kV, 16kA/1 sec .
.
24kV, 630A, 50/125kV, 16kA/1sec
, .
/,
.
(/)
, (
/).
24V, 50/125kV, 16kA/1sec .
450mm
/.
240mm2,
: : (750 1220 1600)mm.
' :
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50W, 230V
350mm
/
... .
8.3
: 375940 1600mm.
:
400 630.
(SF6 ) 24KV, 50A, 12,5KA/1sec 16KA/1sec,
50/125KV .
(3) 24KV, 6.3A ( /).
(3) /,15- 20/0.1KV,30- 50 VA, cl 0.5 (3)
20/.1KV,30VA cl .5 1.
(1) flush mounted, 96 X 96 020KV 4 .
:
, 450mm.
50W,220V, 50HZ.
B.
B350mm.
Bo.
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