TOWN -PLANNING

TOWN PLANNING : BAROQUEBY : ANGELLA ELZA JOHNCONTENTSINTRODUCTIONZONINGVENICE A BAROQUE CITYVENICE PLANNINGVERSAILLES IN FRANCECHARCTERISTICS.CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTIONBaroque town planning was prevalent in the 17th century A.D. It appeared simultaneously with the emergence of strong states which required walls and military gracis around them for protection against strong enemies.These cities had various spaces pre-allocated for different functions.The axial system planning introduced by Lorenzo Bernini during the renaissance period was further developed.

INTRODUCTIONDuring this period King Louis XIV ordered to remove his palace from the congested Paris to the open hunting ground of Versailles and ordered to have the avenues to radiate out.After Napoleon III rose to power in 1853, the cities were congested with slums and the condition of Paris was deteriorating. Mechanical traffic was to be introduced on the roads and it was urgent necessity to check the haphazard growth of Paris. George Eugne Hausmann introduced straight avenues, joining the important places; boulevards were made and building bye-laws like height restrictions were introduced. ZONINGStrict zoning.Landuse is divided into several functions.Public versus private and residential versus industrial were common trends in the spatial layouts.Main purpose was to demonstrate the citys power and strength, resulting in the construction of monuments.Designed to put people in their place through hierarchy of spaces and separation of classes.The centre usually public and commercial is the largest and the most important. A radial street network extends from the centre and as a section of the citys distance from the centre increases, its importance decreases. ZONINGThis is achieved by decreasing the accessibility to the centre and its important functions.The government building is usually in the centre square or attached to it .Elite neighbourhood spring up along the avenues.Poorest residential sections are forced to the edge of the city.Green spaces and open spaces are found throughout the city and each section is built around its own square. Hierarchy of spaces is also found in the parks and squares, as the distance from centre increases the size of the public spaces decreases.

Venice : A Baroque CityThe city planning of Venice can be compared to a baroque city model.The city remains similar to the layout it acquired during the imperial age.The city sprouted with Doge Sebastiano Ziani creating public space in the Piazza San Marco.It is from this point that the city began to radiate in a Baroque city model

Venice : PlanningHierarchy of spaces and the impressive symbols of state power are confined to a limited space.Open spaces were set aside ( because of the citys small size) as the six sesteri developed around squares.Gardens are also present on the outskirts of the city.Land separation is evident, the Arsenale home of the shipbuilding industry is located on the farther edge of the island, away from the residential and administrative districts.Later additions for tourists attraction diluted the zoning.San Marco and its Piazza forms the focus where the administrative functions and the impressive monuments are located.

Venice : PlanningThe six sesteri fulfil all the commercial and residential functions.Wealthy and poor sections are scattered across these neighbourhood.Each district has its own campi or square which serves as local center of the sesteri.Piazza San Marco dominates less than 1,000 sqm of Venice surface, still it is the largest open space in Venice.

Venice : PlanningGrandoise buildings and monuments define the boundaries of the Piazza.Although San Marco doesnot form the geographical centre but rather the southern edge, hierarchy of spaces are still revolved around it.If thought of the Canal Grande as an access to the centre , it reflects both the hierarchy of spaces and separation of classes.Destined to be the social, administrative , religious and commercial hub from the time of its construction, the square boasts the headquarters of these Venetian institutions.

VERSAILLES IN FRANCE St. Louis XII ordered Le Norte to design the gardens of Versailles. The spaces created were of unparalleled proportion and a scale of incomprehensible size. All roads lead to the centre of town i.e., towards the palace, plazas were open and less confined of the countryside.Design shifted from wall in architectural forms to an emphasized by colonnades and entrance lined by avenues. Star shaped fortification and a central core is ideal city. Renaissance designers froze the streets which radiated from the centre. Such design emerged around the middle of the 15th. C; from the imagination of Albert.

VERSAILLES IN FRANCE

CONCLUSIONAVENUESFOUNTAINSAXISGEOMETERY

CHARACTERISTICS:BAROQUE CITY PLANNINGIn the Medieval period, the main emphasis were given to the mass of the buildings.In the Renaissance period the importance was given to the space.In the Baroque period, the importance was laid upon both mass and space. A city of independent parts, connected by gardens, streets and squares and co-ordinated into a scheme of vistas and visual effects, developed within an already extant urban matrix.THANK YOU !