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INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU

KAMPUS SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

08000 SUNGAI PETANI

KEDAH DARUL AMAN

PROGRAM IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA PERGURUAN

NUMERICAL LITERACY

NAME : FATIN NABILA BINTI MOHD. ALIZA

900323035886

LOO FOONG FERN

900703085244

SITI AISYAH ZAHIDAH BINTI KAMARUDDIN

900930-11-5028

GROUP : IP 2B (BAHASA MELAYU)

INTAKE : JANUARY 2010

LECTURER : MADAM WAH MONG WEH

SUBMIT : 22 AUGUST 2010


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CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGES

List Of The Elements 1

The Criteria That Have Been Chooses 2

Question For Each Criteria 3

Comparation And Contrast Between Three Country

y Tokyo

y Singapore

y Bandung

4-5

6-7

8-9

Rate For Each Criteria Between Three Country 10

Total Of Living Cost

y Tokyo

y Singapore

y Bandung

1112

13

Summary 14-17

Bibliography 18

Reflective 19

Appendix


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LIST OF THE ELEMENTS

COST LIVING TRANSPORT CONNECTION

ENVIRONMENT /

WEATHERSAFETY

ESTABLISH

OFUNIVERSITY

HOSPITALITIES CULTURE LANGUAGE

LIFESTYLEHOUSINGACOMODATION

FOODCURRENCY

CONVERSIONRATE


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THE CRITERIS THAT HAVE BEEN CHOOSEN

THE

CRITERIA

THAT BEEN

CHOOSEN

FOOD

SAFETY

LANGUAGE

HOSPITALITIESTRANSPORT

NETWORK

EDUCATION

POWER

CURRENCY

CONVERSION

RATE


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THE QUESTIONS FOR EACH CRITERIA

Criteria Questions

Foody Is Halal food can be get easily?

y What is the normal price for a meal?

Safety

y What is the crime rate of the city?

y Is there any spreadable disease in the city?

y Is there any disaster that happens in the city?

Healthcare facilitiesy What is the fee for a treatment?

y How is their facility?

Languagey What is the official language use in the city?

y Can we communicate easily with other?

Transport Network

y What are the easier transport networks at there?

y How we can get at there?

Educational power

y What is the rank of the university?

y What course do they have offer?

y How much the fee?

Currency conversion

ratey What is the currency conversion rate for the city?


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COMPARATION AND CONTRAST BETWEEN THE THREE CITIES

TOKYO

CRITERIA EXPLANATION

FOOD

It is hard to get the Halal food.

The food is quite expensive and not suitable for

students.

Example: the noodle at 200-1000, drinks (both hot

and cold) for 100-150 and sandwiches for 250-

350.

SAFETY

Street crime is extremely rare, even late at night,

and continues to decrease.

Small police stations, or Koban, can be found every

few blocks. If someone is get lost or need

assistance, by all means go to them and it is their

job to help.

Take the usual precautions against pickpockets in

crowded areas and trains.

Disaster like earthquake, tsunami, and volcano

eruption often happen

HEALTHCAREFACILITIES

Healthcare costs for general healthcare, medical

and medical insurance such as general practitioner

consultation rates, hospital private ward daily rate,

non-prescription medicine, and private medicalinsurance / medical aid contributions is relatively

more expensive compared to other cities with a rank

of 1 out of 282.


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LANGUAGE

They are using Japanese. Most of the notes are

written in katakana.

There are only a few of people understand the

English language.

TRANSPORT NETWORK

Has an efficient public transportation network.

Characterized by its punctuality, its superb service,

and the large crowds of people using it.

Example: train, bus, car rental, taxi and so on.

The fare of bus is 1,500 for adults and 700 for

children between 4 and 11 years old.

EDUCATION POWER

The most prestigious universities are the national

University of Tokyo and University of Kyoto,

followed by the best private universities.

The examination can be written in Japanese or

English (except the section on Japanese language;

some testing sites don't offer tests in English).

The Examination for Japanese University Admission

for International Students (EJU) is a standard

examination in existence since 2002, simplifying the

process of admission to Japanese universities for

international students.

Only a handful of universities offer English courses

on the undergraduate (bachelor) level.

Education fees for college and tertiary study is

equally expensive on average compared to other

cities with a rank of 139 out of 282.

CURRENCY

CONVERSIOEN RATE

RM 1 = 27.334 yen


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SINGAPORE


FOOD

All kind of food are easily available in Singapore

Example: Chinese food, Malay food and Indian

food (almost same with Malaysia).

There are fast food, hawker centers, food courts

and cafe.

Food can be get with prices start at $1 can go up

to $7-8 in hawker centers.

SAFETY The crime rate in Singapore is one of the lowers

in the world.

HEALTHCARE FACILITIES

The clinics can be spotted in most housing

estates and town centers. Consultation will cost

between S$10 and S$20 depending on the type

of ailment and treatment given.

Student Medical Insurance can take up to $5 -

$8.

LANGUAGE

Singapore is a multi-lingual nation and

Singaporeans speak different languages as their

first language.

The 'national' language of Singapore is Bahasa

Melayu.

Most Singaporean speak English

Another language that are most commonly use

are Mandarin, Chinese, Malay or Tamil.


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TRANSPORT NETWORK

There is an efficient public transportation

network, which offers taxis, buses, and the

modern Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) rail system.

Cost of travel varies with type of student

concession pass in between $20-$100.

Cost of transportation in Singapore by bus will

range from 60 cents up to 1.20.

The cost of transportation in Singapore for

1.5km by taxi is S$2.40

EDUCATION POWER

Singapore has plenty of universities that are

affiliated to some of the well known and sought

after universities in the U.S and U.K.

The state-sponsored colleges and universities in

Singapore are also more economical than the

private ones.

The annual fee may range between S$3500 and

S$15000.

CURRENCY CONVERSIOEN

RATE

Rm 1 = 0.432


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BANDUNG


FOOD

Some foods are similar with food in Malaysia.

Malay food can be get easily.

Example: nasi goreng, baso tauhu, lontong

kari, sate and so on.

Easily to get Halal food and Halal certification in

Indonesia is published by Majelis Ulama

Indonesia (MUI) after a comprehensive

inspection of the food ingredients andprocessing.

The prices are quite reasonable.

SAFETY

There are disasters like earthquake, tsunami,

and risk volcano that always happen.

Pick pocket are found scams at the trains

station in Bandung.

Badly pollution.

HEALTHCARE FACILITIES Facilities in the hospital incomplete

Patient will only get treatment if they able to pay.

LANGUAGE

Their language Bahasa Indonesia is easily to

understand because it was official, modified form

of Malay.

The local dilate (the most widely spoken ofwhich) is Javanese.

Sundanese language is commonly used as

informal language for communication in streets,

school, campus, work and markets.

They also use English for communication.


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TRANSPORT NETWORK

Taxis are widely available. The primary means

of public transportation is by minibus,

called angkot (from angkutan=transportation

and kota = city).

Bandung has 2 intercity bus terminals:

Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and

Cicaheum, serving buses from the east.

Bandung Husein Sastranegara International

Airport serves direct flights and also international

services from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore

Changi Airport.

The Pasupati Bridge recently opened to the

public, relieving traffic jams in the city for east-

west transport.

EDUCATION POWER

At least sixteen universities (three of which are

state-owned universities.)

Education from social sciences, technology until

tourism education can be found in one of thoseuniversities.

Fees for each semester are 2.5 million rupiah.

Living cost is about 1 million rupiah per month.

CURRENCY CONVERSIOEN

RATE

RM 1 = 3I90.1 Indonesian Rupiah


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RATE FOR EACH CRITERIA BETWEEN THE THREE CITIES

ASIAN CITIES /

ELEMENTS

TOKYO SINGAPORE BANDUNG

FOOD

SAFETY

HEALTHCARE

FACILITIES

LANGUAGE

TRANSPORT

NETWORK

EDUCATION

POWER

CURRENCY

CONVERSIOEN

RATE

RATE: LOWEST

MIDDLE

HIGHEST


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TOTAL OF LIVING COST IN TOKYO

Aspect Amount (RM)

Book 650

Telecommunication 400

Healthcare facilities 500

Other 600

Food 1350

Fees 5000

Saving 4000

TOTAL: 12500

5%

3%4%

5%

11%

40%

32%

TOTAL LIVING COST IN TOKYO PER MONTH

BOOK

TELECOMUNICATION


OTHER

FOOD

FEES

SAVING


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TOTAL OF LIVING COST IN SINGAPORE

3%

2% 3%4%

7%

29%

52%

TOTAL LIVING COST IN SINGAPORE PER

MONTH

BOOK

TELE

O I

TIO

HE

LTH

RE F

ILITIES

OTHER

FOOD

FEES

S

VI

G

Aspect Amount (RM)

Book 450



Other 450

Food 900

Fees 3600

Saving 6500

TOTAL: 12500


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TOTAL OF LIVING COST IN BANDUNG

3%

2% 3%4%

7%

31%

50%

TOTAL LIVING COST IN BANDUNG PER

MONTH

BOOK

TELECOMUNICATION


OTHER

FOOD

FEES

SAVING

Aspect Amount (RM)Book 450



Other 500

Food 850

Fees 4000

Saving 6050

TOTAL: 12500


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SUMMARY

My partner and I had chosen Singapore from the three cities Tokyo, Bandung

and Singapore that are given as our choice to do our sabbatical study. We had decided

this choice after comparing three cities with a few elements that we had chosen. Theelements such as:

Food

This element is very important for us especially when there is Muslim as our

team member. Food in Singapore has the better choice for us compare with Bandung

and Tokyo as we can easily get all kind of food that is similar to Malaysia. We can get

food that we prefer such as Chinese food, Malay food, Indian food and many more.

Most important Malays Halal food can be get easily. Most of the food can be get with

prices start at $1 can go up to $7-8 in hawker centers which can be consider as

reasonable.

At Bandung Malay food can be get easily too. Muslim friend can consume

without worry in Bandung as they can get Halal food with Halal certification published by

Majlis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). The prices are quite reasonable but other than Malay

food we do not have other choices and it taste also are different. While in Japan it is

hard to get the Halal food. Other than that the food is quite expensive and not suitable

for students.

Safety

We had chosen Singapore as we felt it was the safest city among the choices

given. Singapore is one of country with the lowest crime rate in the world. Disaster like

earthquake or volcano eruption does not occur. The weather at there is also same as

Malaysia.

In Tokyo, street crime is extremely rare even late at night. The rate also

continues to decrease by time. There are small police stations, or Koban, can be found


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every few blocks. If someone is get lost or need assistance, by all means go to them

and it is their job to help but precautions against pickpockets when we are in crowded

area and train station has to be taken. Other than that the disaster like earthquake often

occurs in Japan. In Bandung, we need to take precaution as pick pocket are found

scams at the train station. Other than disaster, there are badly pollution happened in

Bandung area.

Healthcare facilities

In Singapore, clinics can be spotted in most housing estates and town centers.

Consultation will cost between S$10 and S$20 depending on the type of ailment and

treatment given. If someone has Student Medical Insurance can take up to $5 - $8.

Whereas the healthcare costs for general healthcare, medical and medical insurance

such as general practitioner consultation rates, hospital private ward daily rate, non-

prescription medicine, and private medical insurance / medical aid contributions in

Tokyo is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 1 out of 282.

As a student we cannot afford to pay that much if we really need consultation.

Language

Singapore has a multi-lingual nation. Most of the Singaporean speaks English

although Malay is Singapore national language. There are also other commonly use

languages in this city which are English, Mandarin, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. We can

get new idea easily when we have good communication with other using the language

that we familiar.

Communication will be a problem if we chosen Tokyo because they are using

Japanese and only a few people that understand the English language. Other than that,

most of the sign are written in katakana which we do not understand. Although Bahasa

Indonesia that use in Bandung is official, modified form of Malay we hardly can

understand them. Other than that, most of the people are using Javanese and


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Sundanese as informal language for communication in streets, school, campus, work

and markets. We might not communicate with other as easy as we think.

Transport network

This is an important criteria that we need to pay attention since we are at other

city without own transport to travel. In Singapore there is an efficient public

transportation network, which offers taxis, buses, and the modern Mass Rapid Transit

(MRT) rail system. The cost for the transportation is quite reasonable. Travel with bus,

the ticket will be in the range of 60 cents up to 1.20. Other than that, cost of travel varies

with type of student concession pass in between $20-$100.

Tokyo has an efficient public transportation network. It is characterized by its

punctuality, its superb service, and the large crowds of people using it. Some of the

examples are train, LRT, bus and taxi. The fare of bus is 1,500 for adults and 700 for

children between 4 and 11 years old.

Meanwhile, in Bandung taxis are widely available. The primary means of public

transportation is by minibus, called angkot. Bandung has 2 intercity bus terminals which

are Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the

east. There is also Bandung Husein Sastranegara International Airport that serves

direct flights and also international services from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore Changi

Airport. We know that Bandung do have heavy traffic jams in the city for east-west

transport, so the Pasupati Bridge recently opened to the public to overcome the

problem.

Both Tokyo and Bandung city also equipped with variety of public transportation

network but we might need to spend most of our time on transportation since there are

large crowds of people using it.


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Education power

Singapore has plenty of universities that are affiliated to some of the well known

and sought after universities in the U.S and U.K. The state-sponsored colleges and

universities in Singapore are also more economical than the private ones. The annual

fee may range between S$3500 and S$15000.

In Japan, the most prestigious universities are the national University of Tokyo

and University of Kyoto, followed by the best private universities. The Examination for

Japanese University Admission for International Students (EJU) is a standard

examination in existence since 2002, simplifying the process of admission to Japanese

universities for international students. Only a handful of universities offer English

courses on the undergraduate (bachelor) level. Education fees for college and tertiarystudy is equally expensive on average compared to other cities with a rank of 139 out of

282.

In Bandung, there are at least sixteen universities (three of which are state-

owned universities.) Education from social sciences, technology until tourism education

can be found in one of those universities. Fees for each semester are 2.5 million rupiah.

Living cost is about 1 million rupiah per month.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.tranungkite.net/v7/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=11399

www.focussingapore.com

http://www.expatforum.com/

http://www.marimari.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung

http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-485496-bandung_vacations-i

http://blog.malaysia-asia.my/search/label/Bandung

http://www.thenawab.com/english/hatchobori/takeout.htm

http://www.islamcenter.or.jp/eng/halalfood.html

http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/47671.html

http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2022.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo


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REFLECTIVE

The Numerical Literacy assignment is about choosing the suitable city between

Tokyo, Bandung and Singapore for our sabbatical study. When I get this assignment, I

think this is a difficult assignment I ever get for this semester. This assignment so

challengingbecause it must search information from three country, but fortunately, this

is a team assignment, so its not very hard to do.

After Madam Wah give her explanation, I and my group member had some

discussion about this assignment. We discuss about state where we want to select for

our sabbatical study. After discuss we choose Singapore. After that, each of us start

looking for information about the three countries, base on this I had learn many new

things by doing this assignment. One of new things I have learnt is about currencyconversion rate, base on this I know about currency from Tokyo, Bandung and

Singapore.

Other than that, I found that teamwork is very important. We found that

information that we need had been complete faster when we work as a team. We do

not have to worry that we had wasted our time by searching for the same information.

I had used estimation that I had learned in previous lesson to complete this

assignment. We had used it for estimate the living cost that needed per month for the

three cities. This helps us a lot when we make our decision. My group had chosen

Singapore after comparing the criteria for these three cities.

In conclusion, I am very grateful for having a very good team and easy to carry

this, though sometimes there is a difference of opinion. We also had got some advice

from madam to make sure we had done our work correctly. I am glad that we had

completed our assignment on time. Thanks to my friends Siti Aisyah and Loo Foong

Fern because give a good cooperation by doing this assignment.

By,

..FATIN NABILA BINTI MOHD. ALIZA


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REFLECTIVE

The mathematic assignment for this semester is about choosing the suitable city

between Tokyo, Bandung and Singapore for our sabbatical study. After explanation

from our lecturer, my friend and I had some discussion on what we have to prepare. We

also had got some advice from madam to make sure we had done our work correctly. I

am glad that we had completed our assignment on time.

I had learnt many things by doing this assignment. One of it is we need an open

minded when we had discussion. This can avoid us from fighting to get support for own

ideas. We had accepted each other thought and discover more idea that we had

thought before.

Other than that, I found that teamwork is very important. We found that

information that we need had been complete faster when we work as a team. We do

not have to worry that we had wasted our time by searching for the same information.

I had used estimation that I had learned in previous lesson to complete this

assignment. We had used it for estimate the living cost that needed per month for the

three cities. This helps us a lot when we make our decision. My group had chosen

Singapore after comparing the criteria for these three cities.

In conclusion, doing this assignment made me learned a lot. Now I know the

importance of teamwork and the usage of estimation as well. Thanks to my lecturer

madam Wah and my group member Fatin and Siti Aisyah.

.

(LOO FOONG FERN)


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REFLECTIVE

For the assignment at this semester, I have to do it in a group which has 2 or 3

students in each group. After my friends who name was Fatin and Foong and also I got

this assignment, we are search and collect the much information about the three cities.

The three cities were Tokyo, Bandung and also Singapore. We have to collect a few

criteria of each city. After that, we must compare and contrast about each cities.

Although many problem that my friends and I have do it but after we got advise

from Madam Wah. We can follow this step of the assignment with very well. But my

friends and I never fight, we always got the same ideas and open minded with everyone

ideas.

Thus, with search the information about a few criteria of three cities, many thing

about Tokyo, Bandung and also Singapore I have got. I can know their currency rate,

the food at there and their taste, education power and so on. For the education power, I

have know in Singapore was the best university than others cities. But in Tokyo was

very modern facilities and there living cost was so expensive.

So that, my friends and I have choose city in Singapore than Tokyo and

Bandung. Its also because the Singapore city was very near with Malaysia. Their food

and language was similar with Malaysia. It will give us like living in Malaysia.

In conclusion, Im very enjoying doing this assignment with my friends. Many

things I have got and it does also can close my relation with my friends.

By,

.

(SITI AISYAH ZAHIDAH BINTI KAMARUDDIN)

(PISMP 1P2B)


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the cost of living in Singapore. Although you find night markets and hawkers selling cheap

items, you have to buy in bulk to avail discounts. Even locally made dress items are quite

expensive. This fashionable country houses host of apparel stores selling imported and

branded clothes with prices tagged in higher range. Since small jewelries are pricey, it is

recommended to get them directly from manufacturers in nearby districts. Shopping for

clothing and wares could cost you around S$300 a month.

Transportation

Owning a private vehicle is not advisable in Singapore unless you are complacent about

your financial status. The monthly cost of a new low-range and mid-range vehicle in

Singapore will make your wallet lighter by S$1000 - S$1300. If you do not nurture the idea

of owning a private vehicle, you are somewhat wiser than others as the public transport

network in Singapore is undoubtedly one of the best in Asia. Your bus fare would range

from S$0.71 to S$1.80 per trip depending on the distance you travel, while the train tickets

cost from S$1 to S$1.79. A transport rebate of 40 cents per trip (for adults) can be availedif you are an ez-link card holder.

Healthcare

Singapore is not hard on people seeking medical treatment as there are polyclinics at

every nook and corner of the country. These state-run medical centers render quality

healthcare. The clinics can be spotted in most housing estates and town centers where

consultation will cost you anywhere between S$10 and S$20 depending on the type of

ailment and treatment given. On an average, your weekly medicine bill can come to S$10,

so there is not much to think about budget constraints.

Education

Studying in Singapore is not exactly a costly affair as there are a number of state-run or

aided schools. These schools are cheaper than their international counterparts. The annual

fee may range between S$3500 and S$15000. When it comes to buying books and

stationery, be prepared to shed between S$30 and S$100, depending on the course of

studies. The state-sponsored colleges and universities in Singapore are also more

economical than the private ones.

Recreation

You get the liberty of indulging in recreational activities in this upward country without

straining your budget. Dancing your time away in the nightclubs will cost you around S$25,

while a jug of larger beer will come for S$30 - S$40 in most pubs. Watching movies in the

mutiplexes is a pretty affordable bargain as tickets are priced at S$8 and S$10 on

weekdays and weekends, respectively. You get your favorite hot dogs, nachos and other

snacks in the theater for as low as S$6.

Sundry expenses


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Apart from the above mentioned expenses, there are still some sundries which you need to

take care of every month. Monthly gas, water and electricity bills can collectively come to

around S$200 while cell phone bill for an average local user may touch as high as S$150.

Charges for wireless Internet ADSL subscription are affordable and hardly exceeding S$70

per month. Other essentials like toiletries, magazines, CDs and cable TV may cost you

around S$200 a month.

Cost of living in Singapore: Comparison with other nations

The following table contains figures, which represent a weighted average of the prices of

more than 160 items found across the major cities in the world starting from householdgoods to luxury items.

Rank City Name Cost of living Index

1 Tokyo 152

2 Osaka Kobe 145

3 Paris 132

4 Copenhagen 124

5 Oslo 123

6 Zurich 122

7 Frankfurt 118

8 Helsinki 118

9 Geneva 115

10 Singapore 112

11 Hong Kong 110

12 Vienna 109

13 Dublin 108


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23 New York 100

27 London 99

*As per the latest survey (March, 2009) of

Economist Intelligence Unit

The healthcare expenses, groceries and accommodation costs are lesser in Singapore

than its Asian counterpart Tokyo. If you shift to Singapore from Tokyo, you can assure

yourself of shedding lesser bucks for many other sectors apart from the above mentioned

segments. Americans will find it hard to cope with the Singaporean costs as New York, the

most expensive city of the US ranks lower than Singapore in standard of living with a cost

of living index being 100. This Asian city will prove pricier for them.

The expatriates from the European cities like Paris, Copenhagen, Oslo, Zurich andFrankfurt, will find Singapore a better bargain with the cost of living showing a southward

trend. The steady decline in pounds value has made London a cheaper place to live as

compared to Singapore. London does not feature even in the list of top 25 expensive cities.

Londoners, better prepare to experience a real surge of expenses in Singapore. The

Dubliners will also have to bear the higher living expenses in this city.

Having said all these, cost of living in Singapore really depends on how you really live and

how you employ your money in various things over a period of time.

COST OF LIVING IN TOKYO

Tokyo is widely known as being an expensive city. Indeed, this reputation is deserved,although the 'most expensive city in the world' crown is periodically passed around severalworld cities.

Actually, Tokyo is not really that expensive for local Japanese people. It is a much moreexpensive place for foreigners for a variety of reasons, including the high cost of westernstyle housing, foreign goods, international schools etc. Those expatriates that can make


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the jump to local style living will benefit from a noticeable reduction in the cost of living.Having said that, if you're an expat hired overseas with family i.e. wife and some children ofschool age, you are going to be living a very costly existence and this should be carefullynoted when negotiating your salary and allowances. The days of the full expat package aredwindling as employers seek ways to reduce costs, favouring single people when

recruiting. This means some expats leave their family behind in order to secure the job theywant, or just to significantly reduce their monthly living costs. This is only practical if youcan visit home regularly of course.Other options include living far out of Tokyo in a satellite city/neighbourhood but you shouldcarefully consider the time spent in transit and whether or not the savings would be lost ontravel costs. There is also the option of sending your children to a Japanese schools ratherthan spending big money on international schooling.

Advertisement: Coming to Japan? Take a look at our hotel rates: Japan Hotels

In truth, there are very few foreigners that could live like a Japanese salaryman slave. Mostforeigners are going to want the perks of a full expat lifestyle. With this in mind, the prices

quoted on this living in Tokyo page are for just such people.

Centrally located apartment (Shibuya), 150 - 200 sq. m. - JPY1M per month

Annual fees for international school 2 - 2.5 M Yen per child

Western food for family of four, JPY250K per month

Running a vehicle (gas and routine maintenance) JPY50K per month

Your costs are likely to be substantial in your first year. Initial set up costs, such as buyingfurniture, huge deposit on accommodation, buying a car etc will severely deplete yourbudget. The above are very rough estimates as everyone will have their own needs andexpectations. You will also need to factor in your health insurance costs and any taxliability, again different for each individual.Many employers will already be aware of the cost difficulties expatriates experience inTokyo and will be willing to help with many of the initial outlays, such as apartmentdeposits. The above costs are likely to me quite manageable for a higher level executive...but if your company is not assisting you, it's time to read through our 'Living in Tokyo on aBudget' pages.

Cost Of Living

Tokyo has an overall cost of living index which equates it with high cost of living locations. The overallcost of living index is comprised of the prices for defined quantities of the same goods and servicesacross all 13 Basket Groups. Tokyo is currently ranked 1 overall, most expensive place in the world forexpatriates to live, out of 282 international locations. The cost of living overview for each of the 13Basket Groups is as follows:

Clothing costs for clothing and footwear products such as business suits, casual clothing, childrensclothing and footwear, coats and hats, evening wear, shoe repairs, and underwear is relatively moreexpensive compared to other cities with a rank of 29 out of 282.

Communication costs for various communication costs such as home telephone rental and call


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charges, internet connection and service provider fees, mobile / cellular phone contract and calls isrelatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 66 out of 282.

Education costs such as creche / pre-school fees, high school / college fees, primary school fees, andtertiary study fees is equally expensive on average compared to other cities with a rank of 139 out of282.

Furniture & Appliance costs for furniture, household equipment and household appliances such as dvdplayer, fridge freezer, iron, kettle, toaster, microwave, light bulbs, television, vacuum cleaner, andwashing machine is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 21 out of 282.

Grocery costs for food, non-alcoholic beverages and cleaning material items such as babyconsumables, baked goods, baking, canned foods, cheese, cleaning products, dairy, fresh fruits, freshvegetables, fruit juices, meat, oil & vinegars, pet food, pre-prepared meals, sauces, seafood, snacks,soft drinks, spices & herbs is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 1 out of282.

Healthcare costs for general healthcare, medical and medical insurance such as general practitionerconsultation rates, hospital private ward daily rate, non-prescription medicine, and private medical

insurance / medical aid contributions is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of1 out of 282.

Household costs for housing, water, electricity, household gas, household fuels, local rates andresidential taxes such as house / flat mortgage, house / flat rental, household electricity consumption,household gas / fuel consumption, household water consumption, and local property rates / taxes /levies is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 2 out of 282.

Miscellaneous costs related to stationary, linen and general goods and services such as domestic help,dry cleaning, linen, office supplies, newspapers and magazines, and postage stamps is relatively moreexpensive compared to other cities with a rank of 29 out of 282.

Personal Care costs for personal care products and services such as cosmetics, hair care, moisturizer /sun block, nappies, pain relief tablets, toilet paper, toothpaste, and soap / shampoo / conditioner isrelatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 65 out of 282.

Recreation and Culture costs such as books, camera film, cinema ticket, DVD and CDs, sports goods,and theatre tickets is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 80 out of 282.

Restaurants, Meals Out and Hotel costs such as business dinner, dinner at a restaurant (non fastfood), hotel rates, take away drinks and snacks (fast food) is relatively more expensive compared toother cities with a rank of 29 out of 282.

Transport costs for public transport, vehicle costs, vehicle fuel, vehicle insurance and vehiclemaintenance such as hire purchase / lease of vehicle, petrol / diesel, public transport service

maintenance, tires, vehicle Insurance, and vehicle purchase is relatively more expensive compared toother cities with a rank of 34 out of 282.

Your exact customized cost of living index for Tokyo is based on which of the above basket groups aswell as the comparison location you select in the Calculators.

In terms of the hardship people are likely to experience, assessed in global terms, Tokyo is ranked as asome hardship location with a hardship index of 20%.

Your exact customized hardship index premium for Tokyo is based on the comparison location that youselect in the Calculato


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Bandung

Kota Bandung

Flag

Seal

Nickname(s): Kota Kembang (City of Flowers) and Parijs Van Java

Motto:Bermartabat('dignified')

Kota Bandung

Location of Bandung in Indonesia

Coordinates: 65453.08S 1073635.32ECoordinates: 65453.08S 1073635.32E

Country Indonesia

Province West Java

Government

- Mayor Dada Rosada

Area

- Total 167.67 km2 (64.74 sq mi)

Elevation 768 m (2,520 ft)

Population (2007)

- Total 2,771,138

- Density 16,564/km2 (36,520/sq mi)

Time zone WIB (UTC+7)

Website www.bandung.go.id

Bandung (pronounced [bndu]) (Indonesian: Kota Bandung) is the capital ofWest

Java province in Indonesia, and the country's third largest city, and 2nd largest metropolitan


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area, with 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 m (2,520 ft) above sea level, Bandung has relatively

year-around cooler temperature than most otherIndonesian cities. The city lies on a river

basin and surrounded by volcanic mountains. This topography provides the city with a good

natural defense system, which was the primary reason ofDutch East Indies government's plan

to move the colony capital from Batavia to Bandung.

The Dutch colonials first opened tea plantations around the mountains in the eighteenth

century, followed by a road construction connecting the plantation area to the capital (180 km

or 112 miles to the northwest). The European inhabitants of the city demanded the

establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906 and Bandung gradually

developed itself into a resort city for the plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes

and European boutiques were opened of which the city was dubbed as Parijs van Java (Dutch:

"The Paris of Java").

AfterIndonesian independence on 1945 onwards, the city experienced a rapid development

and urbanization that has transformed Bandung from idyllic town into a dense

16500 people/km metropolitan area, a living space for over 2 million people. Natural resources

have been exploited excessively, particularly in the conversions of protected upland area into

highland villa and real estates. Although the city has encountered many problems (ranging

from waste disposal, floods to chaotic traffic system, etc.), Bandung however still has its charm

to attract people flocking into the city, either as weekend travellers or living in.

Culture

Angklung

Bandung is the capital of West Java, a province of which most of its residents are

mainlySundanese people. Sundanese language is spoken as the first language and is

commonly used as informal language for communication in streets, school, campus, work and

markets, while Indonesian - Indonesia's national language and a lingua franca among its many

ethnic units - is used as a second language and the language of government, businesses, and

instruction at schools.


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A popular traditional musical instrument isangklung, made of parallel bamboo tubes tuned to

specific frequencies with a hammer and is shaken to produce certain notes. Music is performed

by a choir of angklung players, each of whom are responsible for sounding certain notes. Its

melody is only slightly different from that of Central Java's gamelan ensembles.

Tourism industry

Bandung has served for popular weekend-break destination for people living in Jakarta for

many reasons. The cooler climate of highland plantation area, the varieties of food, the

cheaper fashion shops located in factory outlets and distros, golf courses, and the friendliness

of local people have become the main attraction of the city.[24]

Denim store, Cihampelas Street

In the 1990s, local designers opened denim clothing stores along Cihampelas Street which

gave Bandung another nickname, the "Tourist Shopping City" (Kota Wisata Belanja). It was a

success as the-then residential street had been fully transformed into a "jeans street". The city

attracts people from other big cities to buy local fashion wears, as they are cheaper than

branded items.[25]

The Martabak

The city gained more shoppers to come when textile factories in the outskirt of Bandung

opened a fashion store that sells their products directly from the factory. The products are

tagged as sisa export(rejected or over-produced export quality items) and these shops are

called factory outlets. The trend was followed by another factory outlets.[26]


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Transport

Bandung can be accessed through 4 highways from Jakarta. An intercity toll highway, named

as Cipularang toll road, connecting Jakarta, Karawang, Purwakarta, Padalarang and Bandung,

has recently been completed in May 2005. It is currently the fastest way to go to Bandung fromthe capital. Driving time is about 1.5 hours on average. There are 3 other options: the Puncak

route (Jakarta-Cianjur/Sukabumi-Bandung), Purwakarta route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Purwakarta-

Cikalong Wetan-Padalarang-Cimahi-Bandung) and the Subang route (Jakarta-Cikampek-

Subang-Lembang-Bandung). From eastern part of the cities(Cirebon, Tasikmalaya and Central

Java province), Bandung can be accessed through the main provincial road.

The Pasupati bridge recently opened to the public, relieving traffic jams in the city for east-west

transport. The 2.8 km cable-stayed bridge lies through the valley of Cikapundung. It is 30 to 60

metres wide and after extensive delays, its construction finally completed in June 2005,

following financial investment from Kuwait.[27] The bridge is part of Bandung's comprehensive

inner-city highways plan.

Taxis are widely available. The primary means of public transportation is by minibus,

called angkot(from angkutan=transportation and kota=city). They serve certain routes

throughout the city and are operated privately. To find exact angkot routes, information are

available through the drivers or at terminals. City-owned buses, called DAMRI, operates on

larger relatively long routes. Bandung has 2 intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, serving

buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the east.

Bandung Husein Sastranegara International Airport serves direct flights

to Batam, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Palembang and Padang and also international

services from Kuala Lumpurand Singapore Changi Airport. The airport is located nearby the

Dirgantara aerospace complex and Dirgantara Fairground.

Railway connects Bandung

to Cianjur, Jakarta, Purwakarta, Bekasi, Karawang and Cikampek to the west,

and Surabaya, Yogyakarta and Solo to the east. It is also the major means of transportation for

people living in suburb areas ofCimahi, Padalarang, Rancaekek, Cicalengka and Cileunyi.Science and education

There are hundreds of public and private schools in Bandung. Like in other Indonesian cities,

Bandung has several state-funded and administered junior high and high schools, called State

Junior High Schools (SMP Negeri) and State High Schools (SMA Negeri), respectively. At least

sixteen universities three of which are state-owned universities and 45professional

schools are scattered throughout the city. Education from social sciences, technology until

tourism education can be found in one of those universities.


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Among the several universities located in Bandung, Institut Teknologi Telkom (Telkom Institute

of Technology), Institut Teknologi Bandung (Bandung Institute of Technology), Universitas

Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Parahyangan Catholic University, and Universitas

Pendidikan Indonesia (Indonesia University of Education) also Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan

Gunung Djati (Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University), Politeknik Negeri

Bandung (Bandung State Polytechnic) and Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung (Bandung

Manufacture Polytechnic) are considered among the best universities in their respective fields

of specialty in Indonesia. Established 1920, Institut Teknologi Bandung is Indonesia's oldest

and most prestigious technical university. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (formerly IKIP

Bandung, established in 1954) is one of the first institutions of higher education established

after Indonesian independence and is currently a leading education university in the

country. Universitas Padjadjaran (established in 1956) is considered to be one of the best

universities in the country in the fields of medical, law, communication, and economic studies.In the north of Bandung, Bosscha Observatory is the only observatory in Indonesia.

Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. In 1922, the first

international publication from Bosscha Observatory was published and in 1959, the

observatory was included as a part of the department ofastronomy in the Institut Teknologi

Bandung (Bandung Institute of Technology).

Economy

Fresh products at a market in Bandung

Bandung economy is mainly built upon tourism, manufacturing, textile/apparel, education

institutions, technology, retail, services, plantation/agriculture, financial, pharmaceutical, food,

among others. Those are the major investments and most popular fields/industries being

sought here.[22]

Bandung has nearly 50 higher educational institutions and is among the most popular

destination for education in Indonesia. Creative-based culture has shaped the basis of

Bandung economy. The once quiet residential district of Dago has become an important

business and entertainment centre. Chic cafes and restaurants are spreading out along Dago


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Street. In the early 1990s Cihampelas Street became a popular clothing store location.

The distro sell stylish non-trademarked products, made by local designers. Books, indie label

records, magazines, fashion products and other accessories are typical distro products. After

their products receive large teenagers attention, then these local designers make their own

clothing company. Now, there are more than 200 local brand names in Bandung. Distro

distance itself from factory outlet in term of its philosophy. Distros come from individual

designers and young entrepreneurs, while factory outlet products come from a garment factory.

Environmental issues

A mountain of trash at Pagarish Street

The north of the city serves as a water reservoirfor Bandung's 2 million people, however, the

area has seen much residential development. Several attempts to reserve this area have been

made, including the creation of reserves, such as the Juanda National Park and Puncrut, but

the development continues. The real danger has come in the form of several floodings in

Bandung's south.[29]

In the middle of 2006, Bandung faced another environmental disaster, as the city's land fill site

was reevaluated after a landslide in 2005.[30]Collection of 8,000 m3/day domestic garbage piled

up, causing air pollution, spreading of diseases, and water contamination. The provincial

government eventually stepped in to solve the garbage issues

Bandung, the capital of West Java province, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) southeast

of Jakarta, is the third largest city in Indonesia. Its elevation is 768 metres (2,520 ft) above sea

level and is surrounded by up to 2,400 m (7,874 ft) high Late Tertiary and Quarternary volcanic

terrain.[1] The 400 km flat of central Bandung plain is situated in the middle of 2,340.88 km

wide of the Bandung Basin; the basin comprises Bandung, the Cimahi city, part of Bandung

Regency, part of West Bandung Regency, and part of Sumedang Regency. [2] The basin's main

river is the Citarum; one of its branches, the Cikapundung, divides Bandung from north to

south before it merges with Citarum again in Dayeuhkolot. The Bandung Basin is an important

source of water for drinking water, irrigation and fisheries, and its 6,147 million m of


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groundwater is a major reservoir for the city.[2]

The northern part of the city is hillier than the rest; the distinguished truncated flat-peak shape

of the Tangkuban Perahu volcano (Tangkuban Perahu literally means 'up-turned boat') can be

seen from the city to the north. Long-term volcanic activity has created fertile andisol soil in the

north, suitable for intensive rice, fruit, tea, tobacco and coffee plantations. In the south and

east, alluvial soils deposited by the Cikapundung river are mostly found.

Geological data shows that the Bandung Basin is located on an ancient volcano, known as

Mount Sunda, erected up to 3,0004,000 metres (9,85013,100 ft) during

the Pleistoceneage.[3] Two large scale eruptions took place; the first formed the basin and the

other (est. 55,000 Before Present) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake

known as "the Great Lake of Bandung".[4] The lake drained away; the reason for which is the

subject of ongoing debate among geologists.[5][6]

Due to its elevation, the climate in Bandung is cooler than most Indonesian cities and can be

classified as humid; the average temperature is 23.6 C (74.5 F) throughout the year.[7] The

average annual rainfall ranges from 1,000 millimetres in the central and southeast regions to

3,500 millimetres in the north of the city.[2] The wet season conforms with other Indonesian

regions, around November to April.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Temperature (C)

(F)

23.975.0

23.373.9

23.474.1

24.175.4

24.275.6

23.574.3

22.973.2

23.474.1

23.674.5

23.774.7

23.774.7

23.774.7

23.6

74.5

Precipitation (mm) 72.1 265.6 365.0 136.0 117.7 37.4 40.5 74.7 76.3 314.2 185.9 197.2 1182.6

Evaporation (mm) 3.7 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.2 2.5 2.7 3.3

Rel. humidity (%) 75 82 82 78 75 71 67 69 71 77 80 81 76

Air pressure (mb) 922.5 921.7 922.2 921.9 921.9 922.3 922.8 922.5 923.0 922.6 922.0 922.1 922.3

Source:Bandung Dalam Angka (Bandung in Numbers), 2003.[8]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/


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