Asepsis and Infection Control

NUR 302Professor Susan Blakey, RN, MS

Infection Cycle

Breaking the Chain of Infection

Organisms Seen in Hospital

Staphylococcus aureus

Organisms

Hepatitis B

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Escherichia coli

Human Immunodeficiency virus

Stages of Infection

Incubation

Stages of Infection

Prodromal

Stages of Infection

Full StageSigns and symptoms

ConvalescentRecovery

Response to Infection

Normal Flora Inflammatory Response

Response to Infection

Immune Response

At Risk for Infection

Integrity of skin and mucous membranes

Integrity of WBCs Vulnerable populations General Health Status Stress Level Indwelling devices

Common Infections

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Common Infections

Pulmonary Infections

Common Infections

Skin Infections

PREVENTION

Careful assessment

Early detection AND action

Immunizations

Assess for infections

Laboratory Data

Normal values are listed. With infection, all are elevated

WBCs (5,000-10,000 mm3) Neutrophils (60-70%)- acute infection Lymphocytes (20-40%)- chronic

infection Eosinophils (1-4%)- allergic reaction Pathogen present in culture

Patient Outcomes

Handwashing Hygiene Nutrition Immunizations Signs of infection Symptoms of allergies

Asepsis

Activities to prevent spread of infection

Medical asepsis- clean technique

Surgical asepsis- sterile technique

Medical Asepsis Hand hygiene Carry linens away from your body No linens on floor Cover mouth when sneezing Do not raise dust Do not shake linens Clean to dirty Transmission precautioins

Hand Hygiene

CDC Guidelines

Soiled hands- Wash with soap and water

Not visibly soiled- alcohol based rub

Personal Protective Equipment

Gloves

Gown

Mask

Protective Eyewear

PPE

Disposing of Contaminated Supplies

OSHA Precautions

Standard Precautions

OSHA Precautions

Airborne Precautions

OSHA Precautions

Droplet Precautions

OSHA Precautions

Contact Precautions

Surgical Asepsis

Sterile can touch only sterile Do not spill on a sterile field Hold objects above waist Do not reach over field Do not turn back on field Outer 1 inch is considered sterile If in doubt, treat as contaminated

Surgical Asepsis

Donning Sterile Gloves

Surgical Asepsis

Opening Sterile Packages

Surgical Asepsis

Sterile Procedures

Nosocomial Infections

Hospital Acquired

Handwashing- best way to prevent nosocomial infections

Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms

MRSAMethicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

VREVancomycin Resistant Enterococcus

VISA- Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus