introduction to asepsis

8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis

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Infection- is an invasion of body tissue bymicroorganisms and their growth there. Thus,

the microorganism is called as infectiousagent

Disease- a detectable alteration in normaltissue function.

Virulence- refers to the severity and degree adisease can produce.


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Asepsis- freedom from disease causingmicroorganisms.

2 types:

a. Medical asepsis- includes all practices to

confine a MO to a specific area limiting thenumber and growth of MO

b. Surgical asepsis- practices that keep anarea free from MO, destroys all MO andspores.


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Types of MO causing infections

Bacteria- most common infection causingMO.

Virus- consists of nucleic acid and must enterliving cells to reproduce

Fungi- include yeast and molds

Parasites- live on other living MO


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Types of infections

Local infection- is limited to the specific partof the body where MO remain.

Systemic infection- MOs spread and damage

different parts of the body.

Acute infections- appear suddenly or last a shorttime

Chronic infections- may occur slowly, over a longperiod may last months or years.


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Nosocomial infections

- Infections that are associated with delivery ofhealth care services in a health care facility.

Most common MOs

a.E.coli- urinary tract

b.Pseudomonas- surgical sites

c.Enterococcus- blood stream

d.Staphylococcus- Pneumonia


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CHAIN OF INFECTION


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CHAIN OF INECTION1. Etiologic agent- the extent to which any MO

is capable of producing an infectiousprocess depends on:

a. # of MOsb. Virulence and potency of MOs

c. Ability of MO to enter the body

d. Susceptibility of the hoste. Ability of MO to live inside the body


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2. Reservoir- (sources) of MOs

e.g. Humans, plants, animals or general

environment.

Carrier- a person or animal reservoir of specific

agent that does not manifest any clinicalsigns of disease.


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3.Portal of exit- before an infection canestablish itself in a host, the MO must leave

the reservoir.e.g.

BODY RESERVOIR PORTALS OF EXIT

a.

Resp. tract

b. GI tract

c. Urinary tract

-Nose or mouth troughsneezing, coughing, etc.

-Mouth:Saliva, feces,vomitus

-Anus:feces, urethralmeatus


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BODY RESERVOIR PORTALS OF EXIT

d. Reproductive tract

e. Blood

f. Tissue

-Vagina: vaginal discharge

-Open wound, needle

puncture

-Drainage from cut orwound


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4. Method of Transmission

3 mechanisms:1. Direct- involves immediate and direct transfer of

MO from person to person through touching,biting, kissing or sexual intercourse.

2. Indirect:

a. Vehicle borne- fomites

b. Vector borne- insects


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3. Airborne- involves droplets or dust.

5. Portal of Entry- before a person can becomeinfected, MO must enter the body.

6. Susceptible host- any person who is at riskfor infection.


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Inflammation

Is a local and nonspecific defensive responseof the tissues to an injurious or infectiousagent.

Characterized by 5 signs:

- Pain, swelling, redness, heat and impaired

function.


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END


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introduction to asepsis

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