MEDICAL ASEPSIS

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

All practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting their number, growth, and transmission. (Clean/ dirty/ contaminated)

Procedures used to protect the client and his environment from the transmission of disease producing organisms that can transmit from one to the other

METHODS OF MEDICAL ASEPSIS• Isolation precautions• Hand washing• Use of gown, mask, gloves, glasses• Use of disposables, clean surfaces• Concurrent and terminal disinfection• Control and teaching of visitors/ relatives• Developing staff health and hygiene and education• Preventive vaccination, inoculation and medicines• Use of labour saving and efficient devices for aseptic

practices

ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

• Isolation – Measures to prevent the spread of infections or potentially infectious organisms to health personnel, client and visitors

• Barrier technique (Reverse isolation) - Measures to protect highly susceptible (compromised) clients from infection

ISOLATION SYSTEMS USED IN HEALTH CARE AGENCIES

Centers for Disease Control & prevention (CDC) precaution – involves procedures for -

o Category specific Isolation (CSI) precaution

o Disease specific isolation (DSI) precaution

o Universal precaution Body Substance Isolation (BSI) system

CDC ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS…

o Category Specific Isolation- Based on 7 categories-

1. Strict Isolation 2. Contact Isolation 3. Respiratory Isolation 4. TB Isolation 5. Enteric precautions 6. Drainage/ secretions precautions 7. Blood/ body fluid precautions

CDC ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS…

o Disease Specific Isolation – According to specific disease conditions

o Universal Precautions – Blood and body fluid precautions. Decrease the risk of transmitting

unidentified pathogens Hepatitis B, C, and HIV Does not apply to feces, nasal secretions,

sputum, sweat, tears, urine, vomitus unless they contain visible blood

Used in conjunction with CSI & DSI

BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION

• Includes all body parts and secretions and excretions

• Does not include clients with airborne diseases

• Follows hand washing, gloving, gowning, wearing masks, eye wear, hair and shoe covers

• Adheres to needle destruction and disposal and proper disposal of waste

IMPLEMENTING ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS• A nursing responsibility• Based on comprehensive assessment of the client

Status of client’s defense system Client's ability to implement isolation precautions Source and mode o transmission of infectious agent

• Follow specific precautions during therapies for client’s benefit

• Decision made on the method of isolation precaution

HAND WASHING

• Cut nails short, remove all jewelry, check for breaks/ cuts in the skin

• Turn on the water, adjust the flow• Wet hands thoroughly under running water, apply soap• Hold hands lower than the elbows• Thoroughly wash and rinse the hands• Use firm rubbing and circular movements the palm,

back and wrist of each hand. Interlace fingers and thumbs and move the hands back and forth ---for 10seconds

• Turn off the water• Dry hands thoroughly with a paper towel

USE OF FACE MASKS• To reduce risk of transmission by droplet contact, air borne routes and splatters of body substances

• To be worn by –

Those close to the client (in measles, mumps, Ac resp diseases) – large particle aerosols travel short distances (1 m of 3 ft)

All persons entering the room ( in Pulm TB)- small particle aerosols remain suspended in the air, and thus travel great distances

• Masks – Should have good filtration effectiveness and fit

- Do not carry them in the pocket or around the neck

- Do not use them outside the unit

- Use fresh mask each time (Disposable and non disposable masks)

- Disinfect / Sterilize before next use

USE OF FACE MASKS..• Keep in a clean container near hand washing facility• Mask should cover mouth and nose• A secure fit prevents escape of exhaled air and fogging of

eye glasses• Fit the upper edges of the mask under the frame of eye

glasses• Avoid talking, sneezing, coughing• Use only once, and not after it gets moist• When removing mask first untie the lower strings• Discard disposable mask in a waste container• Wash hands

EYE WEAR

• Goggles or glasses

• Indicated when body substances may splatter the face

WEARING OF GOWN

• Clean or disposable gowns or plastic gowns – to protect nurse’s uniform

• Best – The fresh gown/ discard technique• For repeated use – Provide a stand to hang

on. Follow method to hang the gown• Remove watch & jewelry• Follow method to don a clean gown• Follow precautions to remove a soiled

gown and discard in proper container

WEARING OF GLOVE

• To protect the hands• To protect the client• Use clean gloves for medical asepsis• No special technique while wearing clean gloves• Pull up the gloves to cover the wrist/ sleeves of the

gown• Wash gloved hand before removing• No special precautions to remove gloves• If soiled, then follow precautions to remove them

OTHER ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS• Client placement – Special rooms. Avoid

transportation to other rooms• Care of soiled equipment and supplies- disposal,

cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing• Bagging – Follow colour coding • Linen – Least handling of soiled linen• Lab specimens –Leak proof containers with secure

lid. Prevent outside contamination• Needles and sharps – Avoid recapping. Puncture

resistant container

SUPPORTING DEFENSES OF A SUSCEPTIBLE HOST• Susceptibility – The degree to which an individual

can be affected. It can be reduced by – Hygiene – Mental and physical Immunizations Nutrition Fluid Rest & sleep Relief from Stress

INFECTION CONTROL FOR HEALTH CARE WORKERSOccupational exposure from –

o Puncture woundso Skin contacto Mucus membrane contact

Precautions with medical asepsis –o Use appropriate personal protective equipmento Avoid carelessness in the clinical areao Good nutritiono Immunizationo Rest & sleep

SPECIAL POINTS IN MEDICAL ASEPTIC METHOD• Follow proper technique for admitting patients –

Use of gown, mask, gloves, glasses, clean surfaces, stock supplies ..

• Concurrent disinfection• Terminal disinfection• Control and teaching of visitors & relatives• Staff health & hygiene & health education• Vaccinations & medications to prevent infections• Use of labour saving devices and more efficient

methods for aseptic practices

Thank You