copyright © 2010 delmar, cengage learning. all rights reserved. chapter 22 infection control for...
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Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chapter 22
Infection Control for Medical Asepsis
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Impact of Infectious Diseases
• Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch
• Antibiotics and vaccines
• Edward Jenner
• Epidemiology
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Impact of Infectious Diseases
• Infection control and prevention
• Resistant microorganisms
• Bloodborne pathogen transmission
• Increased immunosuppressed populations
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Impact of Infectious Diseases
• Global access
• Effect infectious diseases have on lifestyles
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The Process of Infection
• Caused by pathogenic microorganisms capable of causing disease
• Normal flora
• Similar steps occur in all infectious diseases
• Apply theory of disease growth and transmission
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Chain of Infection
• Infection Agents– Viruses
– Bacteria
– Parasites
– Rickettsiae
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Chain of Infection
• Reservoir
• Portal of Exit
• Means of Transmission
• Portal of Entry
• Susceptible Host
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The Body’s Defense Mechanisms for Fighting Infection and Disease
• Inflammatory response– Steps to inflammatory process
• The immune system and immunity
• The body’s natural barriers
• Immunization
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Stages of Infectious Diseases
• Incubation stage
• Prodromal stage
• Acute stage
• Declining stage
• Convalescent stage
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AIDS and Hepatitis B, C
• AIDS
• Acute viral hepatitis diseases– Symptoms of hepatitis B, C
• Transmission of HIV and HBV, HCV
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Reporting Infectious Diseases
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Standard Precautions
• Standard precautions• Transmission-based
precautions – Blood and body fluids
– Personal protective equipment
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Standard Precautions
• Transmission-based precautions – Needlesticks
– Disposal of infectious wastes
– Education institutions and standard precautions
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OSHA
• The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard– Blood and other potentially infectious material (OPIM)
– Bloodborne pathogens
– Exposure determination
– Plan to control exposure
– Methods of compliance to prevent exposure
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OSHA
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OSHA
• OSHA regulations and students– Avoiding exposure to bloodborne pathogens
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Medical Asepsis
• Hand washing
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Medical Asepsis
• Sanitization >>• Disinfection
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Removing Contaminated Gloves
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Bioterrorism
• Agents
• Transmission
• Vaccine availability and treatment