annual gas questionnaire · pdf filepresentation overview a brief ... structure of the annual...

© OECD/IEA 2014

Annual Natural Gas

Questionnaire

Overview

Energy Statistics Training

Paris, Oct. 6 – 10, 2014

Beatriz Martínez & Federico de Luca

Annual natural gas statistics

© OECD/IEA 2014

Natural Gas Statistics Presentation overview

A brief introduction to natural gas statistics

Definitions

Global trends in natural gas

Production, supply and consumption

Structure of the annual gas questionnaire

Structure and presentation

Basic concepts

Overview of the tables

Relationships between flows

Data treatment

Submission

Verification

Specific problems

Access to natural gas data

© OECD/IEA 2014

Gases occurring in underground deposits, whether liquefied or gaseous, consisting mainly of methane.

Natural Gas Statistics

Introduction

Natural Gas

Associated gas Found in association with crude oil

Non-associated gas Originating from fields producing gas only

Colliery gas Methane removed from coal mines and coal seams

© OECD/IEA 2014

Natural Gas

Gaseous gas LNG

Same substance

The volume of natural gas varies with temperature and pressure

Cooled to -160C and 1 atm

Different physical state

Measured at 15C and 1 atm (standard conditions)

The volume of LNG is a 600th of that of gaseous gas


Introduction

© OECD/IEA 2014

World total primary energy supply (1971-2011)

16% 21%

895 Mtoe

2787 Mtoe


Introduction

© OECD/IEA 2014

1108 bcm

3384 bcm

1971 2011

Natural gas production from 1973 to 2011

2.7 x


Introduction

© OECD/IEA 2014

Natural gas production from 1971 to 2011 by region

* Asia excludes China

1108 bcm 3384 bcm

71% 36%


Introduction

© OECD/IEA 2014

1 product = Natural gas


Annual questionnaire

2. Processing

3. Dissemination

1. Collection

The data cycle

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Marketed

production

Vented

Gas flared or

reinjected Removal of liquids

in natural gas

processing plants

Removal of

sulphur and

Impurities

Extraction of crude oil

and associated gas

Extraction of

non-associated gas

Other separation

(offshore wells)

Wellhead

separation

(onshore wells)

NGL

Crude oil

Associated

gas

Non-

associated

gas

Colliery gas Coal mines


Annual questionnaire - Production

Oil

questionnaire

Natural gas

questionnaire

“Raw” gas

Dry marketable gas

Oil

© OECD/IEA 2014

Marketed

production

Imports

Exports

Stock build

Inland

consumption

Transport

Transformation

Industry Residential,

commercial,

agriculture etc.

Stock draw

Distribution

losses

Energy

sector


Annual questionnaire – Supply and consumption

From other

sources

International

marine

bunkers

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Production From other sources Imports Exports Stock changes

Statistical difference

Transformation … Energy sector … Final consumption Transport … Industry … Other sectors …

Demand Inland consumption (observed)

Supply Inland consumption (calculated)


Annual questionnaire – Questionnaire structure

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Production From other sources Imports Exports Stock changes

Statistical difference Transformation … Energy sector … Final consumption Transport … Industry … Other Sectors …

Table 3 Table 4

Table 1

Table 2b

Table 2a



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Table 2b

Inland consumption

Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 & 4

Supply

Total final consumption

Exports/Imports

Table 5

Gas storage capacity



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Table 2b

Inland consumption

Table 2a Tables 3 & 4

Supply


Exports/Imports

Table 5


Table 1

© OECD/IEA 2014

Year & Country

New flows for 2013


Annual questionnaire – Supply of natural gas, Table 1

Calculated

© OECD/IEA 2014

Supply – Table 1

Indigenous production

• Dry marketable production (after purification and extraction of NGLs and sulphur)

• Exclude vented and flared gas, losses, reinjected quantities

From other sources

• Quantities of gas originating from oil, coal or renewable sources that are blended with natural gas.

Imports and exports

• Gas is considered imported or exported when having crossed the physical boundary of a country

• Exclude transit and re-exports

Stock changes and levels

• Stock levels of recoverable gas (excluding cushion gas)

• Change of stock is defined as opening - closing stock level of recoverable gas

• New: gas stocks held abroad


Annual questionnaire – Supply of natural gas, Table 1

© OECD/IEA 2014

Units: Natural gas data are collected in

Volume: million m3 under standard conditions (15 degrees Celsius and 1 atm)

Energy unit: TJ - gross calorific value

Conversion

Specific kJ/m3 calorific value

• Indigenous production

• From other sources

• Imports

• Exports

• International marine bunkers

• Stock changes

• Inland consumption (calculated)

• Inland consumption (observed)



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Table 2b

Inland consumption


Supply


Exports/Imports

Table 5


Table 1

© OECD/IEA 2014

Unit: TJ (GCV)

Consumption

A

Inland Demand (Total Consumption) 1

Transformation Sector 2

Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants 3

Autoproducer Electricity Plants 4

Main Activity Producer CHP Plants 5

Autoproducer CHP Plants 6

Main Activity Producer Heat Plants 7

Autoproducer Heat Plants 8

Gas Works (Transformation) 9

Coke Ovens (Transformation) 10

Blast Furnaces (Transformation) 11

Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Plants (Transformation) 12

Non-specified (Transformation) 13

Energy Sector 14

Coal Mines 15

Oil and Gas Extraction 16

Petroleum Refineries 17

Coke Ovens (Energy) 18

Blast Furnaces (Energy) 19

Gas Works (Energy) 20

Own Use in Electricity, CHP and Heat Plants 21

Liquefaction (LNG) / Regasification Plants 22

Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Plants (Energy) 23

Non-specified (Energy) 24

Distribution Losses 25

Total Final Consumption 26

Only TJ. Conversion to mcm by using the GCV from

the gross inland deliveries

(observed) in table 1.

Transformation sector

Energy sector

Inland demand (total consumption)

Distribution losses



Annual questionnaire – Inland Consumption, Table 2a

© OECD/IEA 2014

Inland Consumption - Table 2a

Transformation sector

• Natural gas transformed to electricity or heat by the energy industry for final consumption

Example: electrical power companies (main electricity producer)

Energy sector

• Natural gas consumed by the energy industry to support production or transformation activities.

Examples: liquefaction plants, petroleum refineries

Distribution losses (losses due to transport and distribution)

Total final consumption (end-use sectors)


Annual questionnaire – Inland Consumption, Table 2a

© OECD/IEA 2014



Table 2b

Inland consumption


Supply


Exports/Imports

Table 5


Table 1

© OECD/IEA 2014

Unit: TJ (GCV)

Energy Use Non-Energy Use

A B

Total Final Consumption 1

Transport Sector 2

Road 3

of which Biogas 4

Pipeline Transport 5

Non-specified (Transport) 6

Industry Sector 7

Iron and Steel 8

Chemical (including Petrochemical) 9

Non-Ferrous Metals 10

Non-Metallic Minerals 11

Transport Equipment 12

Machinery 13

Mining and Quarrying 14

Food, Beverages and Tobacco 15

Paper, Pulp and Printing 16

Wood and Wood Products 17

Construction 18

Textiles and Leather 19

Non-specified (Industry) 20

Other Sectors 21

Commercial and Public Services 22

Residential 23

Agriculture/Forestry 24

Fishing 25

Non-specified (Other) 26

Energy use


Non-energy use

Transport sector

Industry sector

Other sectors

TJ (GCV)


Annual questionnaire – Total final consumption, Table 2b

© OECD/IEA 2014

Final consumption - Table 2b

Different uses

• Energy use

Natural gas used as a fuel

Example: Compressed natural gas for transport, natural gas used for residential heating

• Non-energy use

Natural gas used as a raw material

Example: Natural gas used as a feedstock to make hydrogen, methanol, etc.

Sectors

• Industry sector (steel plants, cement plants, …)

• Transport sector (CNG in fuel stations, …)

• Other sectors (households, commercial and public services, agriculture, …)


Annual questionnaire – Total final consumption, Table 2b

© OECD/IEA 2014

Sector\Plant type Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants

Transformation

(Table 2a)

Main activity producer

All electricity produced

and all gas used

Electricity and

heat produced

and all gas used

All heat

produced and all

gas used

Autoproducer Electricity

produced and

only heat sold

with

corresponding

gas used

Only heat sold

and

corresponding

gas used

Industry

(Table 2b)

NO DATA

REPORTED HERE

Natural gas consumed in heat and

CHP plants for the production of

heat used by the plant itself.


Annual questionnaire – Inland Consumption, Table 2a/b

© OECD/IEA 2014



Table 2b

Inland consumption


Supply


Exports/Imports

Table 5


Table 1

© OECD/IEA 2014

Million m3 TJ (GCV)

COUNTRY OF

DESTINATION

Total Exports of which: LNG Total Exports of which: LNG

A B C D

Australia 1

Austria 2

Belarus 3

….

Pipeline +

LNG =


Annual questionnaire - Imports/Exports, Table 3/4

© OECD/IEA 2014

Imports / Exports - Tables 3,4

Requested data

• Mcm and TJ

• Total imports and LNG

• Pipeline amounts are calculated

Geographical breakdown

• 72 import origins

• 65 export destinations

Trade

• Report ultimate origin or destination

• Transit trade is not included



© OECD/IEA 2014

Country A

Country B

A special case in trade reporting:

1) Imports LNG 3) Exports gaseous gas

This is not transit and should be reported in both the import and export tables



2) Regasification

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Table 1

Supply



Table 2b

Inland consumption



Exports/Imports

Table 5


© OECD/IEA 2014

Name Type

Working

Capacity

(mcm)

Peak

Output

(mcm/day)

TOTAL

Security of supply: an important policy issue in gas consuming countries In case of supply disruption it is important to know the available storage facilities in a region.


Annual questionnaire – Gas storage capacity, Table 5

© OECD/IEA 2014

Gas storage capacity – Table 5 Location/name of the storage Types of storage

• Depleted oil and gas fields • Aquifers • Salt cavities • For LNG: above/below ground, number of tanks

Technical characteristics

• Working capacity: total gas storage capacity minus cushion gas • Peak output: maximum rate at which gas can be withdrawn from

storage


Annual questionnaire – Gas storage capacity, Table 5

© OECD/IEA 2014

Table 3

Imports by Origin

Table 3 Imports by Origin

Table 4

Exports by Destination

Table 4 Exports by Destination

Table 2

Inland Consumption = Transformation + Energy + Distribution

Losses + Total Final Consumption

Table 2 Inland Consumption

= Transformation + Energy + Distribution

Losses + Total Final Consumption

Table 1

Supply

Table 1

Supply

Imports = Total Imports

Exports = Total Exports

Inland Consumption (observed)

= Inland Consumption

Table 2a

Net Inland Consumption by Sector

Table 2a

Inland

Consumption by Sector

Table 2b

Total Final Consumption by sector

Energy - use Non - energy use

Table 2b

Total Final Consumption by sector

Energy - use Non - energy use

Electricity and Heat

questionnaire

Table 6a - 6c

Electricity and Heat

questionnaire Table 6a - 6c

Inputs to Gross Electricity and Heat Production

Oil questionnaire

Table 1

Oil questionnaire

Table 1

LPG

Coal questionnaire

Table 1

Coal questionnaire

Table 1

Renewables questionnaire

Table 1

Renewables questionnaire

Table 1

Biogases

Manufactured gases


Inter-questionnaire relationships

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What happens when the data arrives at the IEA?


Data processing

© OECD/IEA 2014

What happens when data arrive at IEA?

Questionnaires in the excel format are received by e-mail

The data can also be uploaded or entered into a web-based version of the questionnaire (EDMC)

The data is stored in the IEA databases

The data is checked

• Arithmetically

• For internal consistency

• For inter-fuel comparison

• Time series checks

• Comparisons of monthly and annual data

• Comparisons with national publications

Natural Gas Questionnaire Data processing

© OECD/IEA 2014

Gases with different GCVs

• Inability of the questionnaire to distinguish between gases with high and low calorific values used in separate or parallel gas systems. Instead, countries have to report an “average” gas.

Trade

• Increasing difficulties with liberalised markets.

• Transit trade is sometimes reported as import/export.

• Spot purchases.

• Exchange contracts.

Units

• Measurement in mcm under standard conditions: sometimes reported using normal conditions or 20 degrees Celsius.

• Data in TJ often reported by NCV rather than GCV.

Some problems specific to gas reporting

Natural Gas Questionnaire Data processing

© OECD/IEA 2014

Natural gas information (hard copy, pdf)

CD-ROM

On-line data service

• Pay-per-view

• Data download

Derived publications/analysis:

• Energy statistics of OECD countries

• Energy balances of OECD countries

• CO2 emissions from fuel combustion

Accessing the IEA’s natural gas data

Natural Gas Questionnaire Data dissemination

© OECD/IEA 2014

Natural Gas Questionnaire

Exercises

© OECD/IEA 2014


Exercise preparation: Key points

• Units of measurement

• Calorific values

• Weighted average

• Production

• Trade: Imports and exports

• Electricity and heat generation

© OECD/IEA 2014

Conversion Factors


In the questionnaire, data must be reported:

For energy: TJ on the basis of Gross calorific value (GCV)

For volume: Mm3 in the standard condition

Volume varies with temperature and pressure

Normal Condition 0 ⁰C (273.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm)

Units of Measurement

Standard Condition 15 ⁰C (288.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm)

1 m3

0.948 m3 x 0.948

x 1.055

© OECD/IEA 2014

Conversion Factors


In the questionnaire, data must be reported:

For energy: TJ on the basis of Gross calorific value (GCV)

For volume: Mm3 in the standard condition

Volume varies with temperature and pressure

Normal Condition 0 ⁰C (273.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm)

Units of Measurement

Standard Condition 15 ⁰C (288.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm)

1 m3

0.948 m3 x 0.948

x 1.055

Same energy content

© OECD/IEA 2014


Calorific values

The calorific value is heat value obtained from one volume unit of gas (e.g. TJ/Mm3)

Gross calorific value (GCV) includes all the heat released by the fuel

Net calorific value (NCV) excludes the latent heat of vaporization

The difference between NCV and GCV is typically about 10% for natural gas.

For natural gas: NCV ≈ 0.9 GCV

© OECD/IEA 2014


Calorific values

Gases from different sources can have different calorific values

Use a weighted average that takes into account the proportional magnitude of each component rather than treating the components equally

© OECD/IEA 2014


Weighted Average Calorific Value

Example:

Country A

Fields Production Calorific Value Energy

Site 1 10 Mm3 30 TJ/Mm3 300 TJ


Total 30 Mm3 ? 1 000 TJ

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Trade: Imports and Exports

Imports: ultimate origin of gas (country of production)

Exports: ultimate destination (country of consumption)

Transit and re-exports are not included in trade balances

Example: Russia exports 200 mcm of natural gas. The pipeline goes through Ukraine before reaching Poland. Ukraine consumes 100 mcm and the rest goes to Poland. Then, Poland consumes 50 mcm of the natural gas and exports 50 mcm to Czech Republic.

© OECD/IEA 2014


Russian Federation

Ukraine 100 mcm consumed

50 mcm

Czech Rep. 50 mcm

consumed

Poland 50 mcm

consumed

100 mcm

200 mcm

© OECD/IEA 2014


Trade: Imports and Exports

Example: Russia

Ukraine imports 100 mcm from Russia

Poland imports 50 mcm from Russia

Czech Rep. imports 50 mcm from Russia

Country Exports

Czech Rep. 50 mcm

Poland 50 mcm

Ukraine 100 mcm

© OECD/IEA 2014


Electricity and Heat Generation

Generation plants are classified by output:

Electricity-only plants

CHP (Combined heat and power) plants

Heat-only plants

Generation plants are also classified by main function:

Main activity producers (e.g. nuclear power plants)

Autoproducers (e.g. steel mills producing electricity)

© OECD/IEA 2014


Exercise preparation: Key points

• Units of measurement

• Calorific values

• Weighted average

• Production

• Trade: Imports and exports

• Electricity and heat generation

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