animal structure

Animal StructureAnimal Structure

By: R. Mochammad RidwanBy: R. Mochammad Ridwan

XI SCIENCE 3XI SCIENCE 3

CellsCells

Make up all higher Make up all higher organismsorganisms

They form many types of They form many types of tissues with many tissues with many functionsfunctions

Muscular TissueMuscular Tissue

Tissue that connects and Tissue that connects and allows for movementallows for movement

Muscle TypesMuscle Types

Voluntary: animal can Voluntary: animal can control thesecontrol these

Involuntary: not under Involuntary: not under controlcontrol

HeartHeart

Is a major involuntary Is a major involuntary muscle that pumps blood muscle that pumps blood through the circulatory through the circulatory systemsystem

Connective TissueConnective Tissue

Holds other tissuesHolds other tissuesTendons and ligaments Tendons and ligaments

Nerve TissueNerve Tissue

Transmit information Transmit information through the bodythrough the body

Epithelial TissueEpithelial Tissue

Covering for most internal Covering for most internal and external surfaces of and external surfaces of the body and organsthe body and organs

Fluid TissueFluid Tissue

Ex. BloodEx. Blood

OrgansOrgans

Are groups of tissues that Are groups of tissues that perform complex perform complex functions in the bodyfunctions in the body

Any organ contains 2 or Any organ contains 2 or more tissues more tissues

Internal OrgansInternal Organs

HeartHeart

http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/CVHTML/CV001.html


KidneysKidneys

http://www.gen.umn.edu/faculty_staff/jensen/1135/webanatomy/wa_urinary/wa_kidney_picture1.htm


StomachStomach

http://ww2.saturn.stpaul.k12.mn.us/kids/HumanBody/Krystlestomach.html


Lungs Lungs

http://www.lung.ca/copd/anatomy/normal.html


LiverLiver

http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LIVEHTML/LIVER002.html

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

Provides form, protection, Provides form, protection, support, and strengthsupport, and strength

With the aid of muscles it With the aid of muscles it allows movementallows movement

The bones store mineralsThe bones store minerals

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

Bone marrow produces Bone marrow produces blood cellsblood cells

3 componets3 componets

Axial skeleton Axial skeleton Pectoral limbPectoral limbPelvic limbPelvic limb

Axial SkeletonAxial Skeleton

Skull, vertebral column, Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage are the main and rib cage are the main partsparts

Pectoral LimbsPectoral Limbs

Front legs of an animalFront legs of an animal

Pelvic LimbsPelvic Limbs

Hind LegsHind Legs

JointsJoints

Connect different BonesConnect different Bones

–Ball and socketBall and socket

–SlidingSliding

–Hinge Hinge

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

Heart, capillaries, Heart, capillaries, arteries, lymph glands arteries, lymph glands and veins are the major and veins are the major partsparts

Heart pumps blood Heart pumps blood through the bodythrough the body


Blood leaves the heart Blood leaves the heart through the aortathrough the aorta

Then to smaller arteriesThen to smaller arteriesFinally to very small Finally to very small capillaries which feed the capillaries which feed the bodybody


Nutrients and Oxygen to Nutrients and Oxygen to cellscells

Carbon Dioxide, water Carbon Dioxide, water and waste are taken awayand waste are taken away


From the capillaries it From the capillaries it goes to small veins then goes to small veins then larger veins and finally to larger veins and finally to the heartthe heart

Lymph SystemLymph System

Works with the circulatory Works with the circulatory system to get nutrients to system to get nutrients to the body from the small the body from the small intestines intestines

Nervous SystemNervous System

Transmits information to Transmits information to and form all parts of the and form all parts of the bodybody


2 parts:2 parts:–Central ( brain and Central ( brain and spine)spine)

–Peripheral (nerves that Peripheral (nerves that connect the body to the connect the body to the central)central)


Autonomic Nervous Autonomic Nervous system controls automatic system controls automatic body activities body activities

Uses the 5 senses Uses the 5 senses

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Hormones are organic Hormones are organic catalyst that influence catalyst that influence growth, development of growth, development of the body, reproductionthe body, reproduction

Endocrine glandsEndocrine glands

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Blood transports Blood transports hormoneshormones

Pancreas, pituitary gland, Pancreas, pituitary gland, ovaries, testicles, adrenal ovaries, testicles, adrenal glands, etcglands, etc

Urinary SystemUrinary System

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethraurethra

Blood passes through the Blood passes through the kidneys and waste and kidneys and waste and some water is filtered outsome water is filtered out


Then the waste moves Then the waste moves through the ureters to the through the ureters to the bladder where it is storedbladder where it is stored

Then through the urethra Then through the urethra as urine and out the bodyas urine and out the body


Poultry have no urethra or Poultry have no urethra or bladderbladder

Goes out cloaca with the Goes out cloaca with the fecesfeces

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

Muscles pull air in and outMuscles pull air in and outAir goes in the nose or Air goes in the nose or mouth to the pharynx, mouth to the pharynx, then to the trachea to the then to the trachea to the lungslungs


Lungs contain alveoli Lungs contain alveoli This is where oxygen is This is where oxygen is exchanged for carbon exchanged for carbon dioxidedioxide


Also helps regulate temp.Also helps regulate temp.Makes sound using the Makes sound using the larynxlarynx

Muscular System Muscular System

Works with the skeletal Works with the skeletal system to support, form system to support, form and move the bodyand move the body

Muscular SystemMuscular System

3 kinds of muscle3 kinds of muscle

–Striated Striated

–SmoothSmooth

–Cardiac Cardiac

Growth in LivestockGrowth in Livestock

Divided into 3 phasesDivided into 3 phases

–Zygote: fertilized eggZygote: fertilized egg

–EmbryoEmbryo

–FetalFetal

ZygoteZygote

While it moves to the While it moves to the uterusuterus

Attaches to uterine wallAttaches to uterine wallCell division takes placeCell division takes place

Embryo Embryo

This is when placenta This is when placenta formsforms

Tissues begin to Tissues begin to differentiatedifferentiate

Controlled by DNA Controlled by DNA

FetusFetus

End of embryo phase-End of embryo phase-birthbirth

Organs develop and size Organs develop and size increasesincreases

FetusFetus

Kidneys, heart, central Kidneys, heart, central nervous system and liver nervous system and liver develop 1develop 1stst

Skeleton and muscles Skeleton and muscles develop laterdevelop later

Poultry EmbryoPoultry Embryo

After laid it is kept After laid it is kept between 70-80between 70-80oo..

Stops cell divisionStops cell division11stst 48 hours get blood 48 hours get blood flowing from embryo and flowing from embryo and yolkyolk

Structure of MeatStructure of Meat

MeatMeat

Consist of muscle, fat, Consist of muscle, fat, bone and connective bone and connective tissuetissue

Most is striated skeletal Most is striated skeletal musclemuscle

Meat Meat

Smooth muscle Smooth muscle composes internal organscomposes internal organs

Combinations of muscle Combinations of muscle are called visceral are called visceral musclesmuscles

MeatMeat

The more connective The more connective tissue in the meat the less tissue in the meat the less tender it istender it is

70% water70% water20% protein20% protein

Color of meatColor of meat

Caused by the amount of Caused by the amount of myoglobinmyoglobin

Age, storing, packing, Age, storing, packing, time exposed to air all time exposed to air all effect coloreffect color

animal structure

Education

circulatory system blood

circulatory system heart

central nervous system

circulatory system nutrients

urinary system kidneys

respiratory system muscles

respiratory system lungs

endocrine system hormones