role of water reuse in conservation and water...

Role of Water Reuse in Conservation and Water Supply Central Texas Water Conservation Symposium – February 2, 2016 Bob Johnson, P.E., Immediate Past President WateReuse, Principal McManus & Johnson

•!Water Supply Challenges – Reuse Drivers •!Types of Water Reuse •!Direct Potable Reuse – Shortage Response •!Direct Potable Reuse – Trends – After the Drought •!Funding Reuse Projects vs. Water Supply Projects •!Conservation Benefits of Water Reuse

Presentation Outline

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Water Supply Challenges - Droughts

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Traditional Water Supplies Can be Unreliable

Water Supply Challenges - Droughts

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Droughts are Not Over for Everyone & Will Return for Many

Texas Population Growth – Water Required

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Texas Water Needs

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Water Supply Strategies in Texas

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Water Reuse as a Supply – 2012 Texas Water Plan

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Across the US, the conversation has focused on water reuse as a critical and more frequently referenced water supply option. Key Drivers: •!Drought •!Population growth •!Increased municipal, industrial, and agricultural demand •!Dependence on single source of supply •!Environmental impacts of traditional source water use

Popularity of Water Reuse is Surging

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•!Non-Potable Reuse – Called Many Names •!Indirect Reuse •!Non-Potable Recycled Water •!Direct Non-Potable Reuse •!Purple Pipe Reuse

•!Potable Reuse – Also Called Many Names •!Direct Reuse •!Direct Potable Reuse •!Indirect Potable Reuse

•!Water Reuse – Many Uses

Types of Reuse

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Water Reuse for Agriculture

•! Irrigation quality reuse is the most common and acceptable use with the majority of water being used for common space, park and public property irrigation. •!There is a strong foundation of health risk-related research to support this

practice.

•!Agricultural reuse for food crops is growing as a traditional water supply alternative. •!This practice is common in California, occurs in Florida and is the topic of rule

making in Colorado and Hawaii to name a few. •!Additional monitoring, mainly for pathogens, is generally required.

Agricultural Use

Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control District- Agricultural Reuse •!World's largest water recycling facility designed for raw food crop

irrigation – 30MGD with tertiary treatment •!Originally designed as a salt water intrusion barrier, this agency

supplies reuse for 12,000 acres of prime farm land. •!Products from these farms include

the largest artichoke supplier in the world, as well as many other vegetables and fruits.

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vegetables and fruits.

Eastern Municipal Water District

•!EMWD has four facilities that create a total of 45MGD of tertiary treated recycled water

•!Additional water quality treatment is conducted through created wetland habitat

•!The largest use of this water is agricultural irrigation, including fruits, vegetables and fodder for cattle and dairy.

•!Other uses include non crop irrigation and industrial.

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Water Reuse for Business and Industry

•!8 million gallons per day of purified water

•!Uses Microfiltration, Reverse Osmosis & Ultraviolet Light Disinfection

•!Water is currently used for manufacturing and irrigation

•!The agency is planning a Potable Reuse Facility.

Santa Clara Valley Water District Constructed a New Recycled Water Purification Facility

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New Recycled Water Purification Facility

•! Local sustainable water source ready to be “tapped”

Local Recycled Water – Four County Producers

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Facility

Wastewater Treated

(AF)

CY 2013 Recycled

Water Used (AF)

San Jose/Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility 110,000 15,295

South County Regional Wastewater Authority 8,000 2,039

Sunnyvale Water Pollution Control Plant 19,000 658

Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant 30,000 2,523

TOTAL 167,000 20,515

West Basin Municipal Water District

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•!35MGD of tertiary with additional treatment at decentralized facilities.

•!Water is used for irrigation, groundwater recharge, and industrial applications.

Tertiary Water

RO: Double Pass

Reverse Osmosis: Single Pass

Nitrified Water

Reverse Osmosis: Barrier Water

West Basin’s Designer Waters

Landscape Irrigation

Cooling tower High Pressure Boiler feed

Low Pressure Boiler feed

Barrier Water

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4

3

2

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Water Reuse for the Community

•!Denver Water produces 30 MGD (capacity is 45MGD) for irrigation, energy cooling towers, and the Zoo.

•!Denver Zoo received 2 million gallons of tertiary recycled water from Denver Water’s distribution system annually.

•!Future plans to expand use by 75% of it’s total water consumption. This will represent over 134 million gallons of recycled water per year.

Denver Water – Denver Zoo Partnership

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Denver Water – Denver Zoo Partnership

Denver Water

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East Bay Public Plaza Reclaimed Water Wading Stream

•! Interactive water feature designed to mimic a natural stream from waterfall to Bay including “groundwater seeps”

•! Class A Reclaimed Water (100MGD for facility)

•! Attracts hundreds of families and visitors during the summer.

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Oregon’s Lott Clean Water Alliance

City of Albany – Talking Water Gardens

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•! 12.3MGD of secondary-treated effluent •! 37-acre integrated wetland treatment system

that enhances wildlife habitat while reducing the temperature, TDS, and nutrients in recycled water.

•! Coupled with upland restoration project that uses reuse effluent or irrigation to support more diverse habitat.

•! The system is the first in the nation designed to treat a unique combination of municipal and industrial WWTP effluents.

Water Reuse for Drinking

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De facto Water Reuse

Consumer

Discharge Drinking Water

Treatment Conventional

Wastewater Treatment

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Indirect Potable Reuse

Drinking Water Treatment

Conventional Wastewater Treatment

Advanced Wastewater Treatment

Consumer

Environmental Buffer

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Direct Potable Reuse Concept

Drinking Water Treatment

Conventional Wastewater Treatment

Advanced Wastewater Treatment

Consumer

•! Manage local groundwater basin •! Groundwater = 70% local supply for 2.4

million residents •! 14”/yr. rainfall (semi-arid) •! Seawater intrusion threatens WQ •! Must balance basin pumping and

replenishment over long-term •! Potable reuse is a critical component of basin

replenishment •!Excellent water quality via

high-level purification/treatment •!Reliable •!Cost-effective

Orange County Water District (OCWD) – Groundwater Replenishment

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Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) Partnership

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OCSD OCWD

!"#$%"&''(")%*$)+*'

,)-.+/%"&''(")%*$)+*'

Sewage

,.0"-)'1.+*".2' Microfiltration

(MF) Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Ultraviolet Light (UV)

with Hydrogen Peroxide

Seawater Barrier

Injection Wells

Groundwater Recharge

Basins

70* MGD

*Expansion to 100 MGD to be complete by early 2015

•! Severe drought in Texas accelerated need for water supply

•! Potable reuse viewed as an available supply

•! Texas did not have regulations (still not)

•! Areas facing most imminent problem acted first •!Big Spring (CRMWD) •!Wichita Falls •!Brownwood

Direct Potable Reuse – Drought Response

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•!Facility mixes treated sewage water with water from lakes to produce a high-quality drinking water.

•!Facility received advanced secondary reuse and treats approximately 16 million gallons per day with microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet disinfection.

•!This is blended with 21 million gallons per day filtered from traditional sources.

Big Spring Water Supply Augmentation

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CRMWD Raw Water Production Facility

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Big Spring Wastewater Treatment

Plant

CRMWD Raw Water Production

Facility

E.V. Spence Reservoir

Lake J.B. Thomas

Beals Creek Red Draw Reservoir

RO Concentrate

Big Spring

To Odessa, Midland & Stanton

Blended into Raw Water

Transmission System

1.0 mile

0.40 mile

0.25 mile

To Snyder Big Spring

Water Treatment

Plant

CRMWD at Big Spring Treatment Process

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•! Population ~ 104,000

•! Existing Supplies •!Lake Kickapoo •!Lake Arrowhead •!Lake Kemp (high TDS)

•! Two water treatment plants •!Jasper- 24 MGD (1.05 m3/s) •!Cypress- 52 MGD (2.28 m3/s)

•!42 MGD conventional (1.84 m3/s) •!10 MGD MF/RO (0.44 m3/s) (for Lake Kemp water)

City of Wichita Falls

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•! Use existing MF/RO facility to treat effluent from WWTP

•! RO permeate blended 50/50 with raw water from lakes

•! Blended water treated at conventional WTP

•! Pipeline from WWTP to WTP laid above ground

Wichita Falls Emergency DPR Project

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Source: www.timesrecordnews.com/photos/galleries/2014/feb/04/inside-look-water-reuse-project/12132/#section_headery's

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•!Many facilities are turning to Potable Reuse for extension of water supplies •!Tarrant Regional Water District – Manmade wetlands – Richland Chambers Reservoir

•!TRWD plans for 100,000 AF/Y in Potable Supply •!TRWD Similar project planned for Cedar Creek Lake – Additional 100,000 AF/Y

Reuse Trends: Not Just for Droughts

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•! North Texas Municipal Water District – Manmade wetlands – Lake Lavon

•! Up to 100,000 AF/Y Water Supply

•! Public Education Center

Potable Reuse – Not Just for Droughts

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•! 130 miles of pipeline delivers 29 mgd of recycled water to: •!– Golf courses •!– Parks •!– Commercial •!– Industrial

•! Also remaining recycle flows provide baseflows for Upper

San Antonio River (famed River Walk) and Salado Creek

San Antonio, TX Water Recycling

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•! El Paso has led in innovative water supply development •!Largest inland desalination – Kay Bailey Hutchison Plant - 27.5 MGD •!10s of miles of purple pipe recycled water for customers •!Potable water quality from Water Reclamation Plant

•! Potable Reuse Project •!Pilot facility operational •!Augment treatment to produce potable water •!Blend treated water into distribution system

El Paso Direct Potable Recycle Project

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Funding for Water Reuse

•!Conveyance costs •!From treatment to point(s) of use

•!Additional treatment costs •!Direct non-potable: Type 1 or Type 2 •!DPR

•!Industrial pretreatment program •!Seasonal demand and storage

Evaluate Cost of Source Development

•!DPR vs. direct nonpotable •!Balancing treatment against dual conveyance systems

•!Cost of reuse projects should be compared with new water supply costs

Cost of Source Development

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Direct Non-potable Reuse •! Less treatment •! Dual conveyance •! Drought proof revenue

Direct Potable Reuse •! Higher Levels of Treatment •! Existing Distribution System •! Drought Restrictions Apply

•!Grants, Matching Funds, & Low Interest Loans •!Federal and State sources •!Highly competitive •!Environmental review

Water Reuse Funding

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•!What funding sources are available? •!What strings are attached? •!How to compete effectively?

Water Reuse Funding

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•!Revenue Bonds •!General Obligation Bonds •!Certificates of Obligation •!Grants & Low Interest Loans

•!Federal •!State

Water Reuse Funding – Traditional Funding

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•!Bureau of Reclamation •!WaterSMART: Title XVI

•!Texas Water Development Board •!Regional Facility Planning Grants •!Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) •!Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) •!State Water Implementation Fund for Texas (SWIFT)

Planning, Design, & Construction

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•! Involves 17 western states •!Up to 50% matching funds •!New sources of water supplies using water recycling and

reuse technologies. •!Up to $150,000 for feasibility studies completed in 18

months. •!Up to $450,000 for feasibility studies completed in 36

months. •!Focus on municipal water reclamation and reuse,

industrial, domestic or agricultural wastewater, and naturally impaired groundwater and/or surface waters

WaterSMART: Title XVI Funding

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•!Maximum of $4 million per applicant with 5 to 10 awards (subject to annual appropriation).

•!25% of project cost, not to exceed $20 million. •!Planning, design, and construction. •!Requirements:

•!Determination by Reclamation that feasibility study meets Title XVI.

•!Compliance with NEPA. •!Local share. •!Congressional authorization.

Water Reclamation and Reuse Program

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•!Regional Water Supply and Wastewater Facilities Planning Program •!Studies to evaluate alternatives •!Regional water supply and wastewater facility needs •!Solutions consistent with regional & statewide plans •!Matching funds

Texas Water Development Board Funding

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•!Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) •!Special consideration for Reuse Projects

•!Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) •!Low interest loans for water projects

•!State Revolving Funds (SRF) •!Rate Subsidy – 120-125 Basis Points •!20-30 year payment schedule •!Limited loan forgiveness for Green Reserve Projects

•!Reuse qualifies as a “Green Reserve Project”

•!SWIFT Funding •!20% reserved for conservation including reuse

Other Funding Alternatives

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Conservation Benefits of Reuse

Water Reuse Conserves Potable Supply

•!All water is reused – no new water •!Each gallon of water reuse preserves a

gallon somewhere •!Water used for reuse would previously

have been from traditional sources

•!Water that traditionally flowed downstream now has value

•!Using the right water for the right use conserves our supplies

Reuse Water is Water

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•!Reuse supplies are often closer than other new supplies •!Conserves power usage through pumping

shorter distances

•!Water reuse reduces per capita consumption assisting communities with complying with state consumption targets

•!Water reuse is a valuable part of a conservation program to preserve our resources & environment

•!BOTTOM LINE – Water reuse can conserve money!!!

Other Benefits of Water Reuse

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Water Reuse: Too Good Not to Use Again

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Approximately 7% of Effluent is Reused in the United States

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Thank you!

Bob Johnson Past President, WateReuse Principal, McManus & Johnson rjohnson@mcmanusjohnson.com

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