role of water reuse in conservation and water...
TRANSCRIPT
Role of Water Reuse in Conservation and Water Supply Central Texas Water Conservation Symposium – February 2, 2016 Bob Johnson, P.E., Immediate Past President WateReuse, Principal McManus & Johnson
•!Water Supply Challenges – Reuse Drivers •!Types of Water Reuse •!Direct Potable Reuse – Shortage Response •!Direct Potable Reuse – Trends – After the Drought •!Funding Reuse Projects vs. Water Supply Projects •!Conservation Benefits of Water Reuse
Presentation Outline
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Water Supply Challenges - Droughts
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Traditional Water Supplies Can be Unreliable
Water Supply Challenges - Droughts
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Droughts are Not Over for Everyone & Will Return for Many
Texas Population Growth – Water Required
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Texas Water Needs
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Water Supply Strategies in Texas
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Water Reuse as a Supply – 2012 Texas Water Plan
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Across the US, the conversation has focused on water reuse as a critical and more frequently referenced water supply option. Key Drivers: •!Drought •!Population growth •!Increased municipal, industrial, and agricultural demand •!Dependence on single source of supply •!Environmental impacts of traditional source water use
Popularity of Water Reuse is Surging
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•!Non-Potable Reuse – Called Many Names •!Indirect Reuse •!Non-Potable Recycled Water •!Direct Non-Potable Reuse •!Purple Pipe Reuse
•!Potable Reuse – Also Called Many Names •!Direct Reuse •!Direct Potable Reuse •!Indirect Potable Reuse
•!Water Reuse – Many Uses
Types of Reuse
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Water Reuse for Agriculture
•! Irrigation quality reuse is the most common and acceptable use with the majority of water being used for common space, park and public property irrigation. •!There is a strong foundation of health risk-related research to support this
practice.
•!Agricultural reuse for food crops is growing as a traditional water supply alternative. •!This practice is common in California, occurs in Florida and is the topic of rule
making in Colorado and Hawaii to name a few. •!Additional monitoring, mainly for pathogens, is generally required.
Agricultural Use
Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control District- Agricultural Reuse •!World's largest water recycling facility designed for raw food crop
irrigation – 30MGD with tertiary treatment •!Originally designed as a salt water intrusion barrier, this agency
supplies reuse for 12,000 acres of prime farm land. •!Products from these farms include
the largest artichoke supplier in the world, as well as many other vegetables and fruits.
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vegetables and fruits.
Eastern Municipal Water District
•!EMWD has four facilities that create a total of 45MGD of tertiary treated recycled water
•!Additional water quality treatment is conducted through created wetland habitat
•!The largest use of this water is agricultural irrigation, including fruits, vegetables and fodder for cattle and dairy.
•!Other uses include non crop irrigation and industrial.
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Water Reuse for Business and Industry
•!8 million gallons per day of purified water
•!Uses Microfiltration, Reverse Osmosis & Ultraviolet Light Disinfection
•!Water is currently used for manufacturing and irrigation
•!The agency is planning a Potable Reuse Facility.
Santa Clara Valley Water District Constructed a New Recycled Water Purification Facility
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New Recycled Water Purification Facility
•! Local sustainable water source ready to be “tapped”
Local Recycled Water – Four County Producers
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Facility
Wastewater Treated
(AF)
CY 2013 Recycled
Water Used (AF)
San Jose/Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility 110,000 15,295
South County Regional Wastewater Authority 8,000 2,039
Sunnyvale Water Pollution Control Plant 19,000 658
Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant 30,000 2,523
TOTAL 167,000 20,515
West Basin Municipal Water District
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•!35MGD of tertiary with additional treatment at decentralized facilities.
•!Water is used for irrigation, groundwater recharge, and industrial applications.
Tertiary Water
RO: Double Pass
Reverse Osmosis: Single Pass
Nitrified Water
Reverse Osmosis: Barrier Water
West Basin’s Designer Waters
Landscape Irrigation
Cooling tower High Pressure Boiler feed
Low Pressure Boiler feed
Barrier Water
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4
3
2
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Water Reuse for the Community
•!Denver Water produces 30 MGD (capacity is 45MGD) for irrigation, energy cooling towers, and the Zoo.
•!Denver Zoo received 2 million gallons of tertiary recycled water from Denver Water’s distribution system annually.
•!Future plans to expand use by 75% of it’s total water consumption. This will represent over 134 million gallons of recycled water per year.
Denver Water – Denver Zoo Partnership
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Denver Water – Denver Zoo Partnership
Denver Water
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East Bay Public Plaza Reclaimed Water Wading Stream
•! Interactive water feature designed to mimic a natural stream from waterfall to Bay including “groundwater seeps”
•! Class A Reclaimed Water (100MGD for facility)
•! Attracts hundreds of families and visitors during the summer.
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Oregon’s Lott Clean Water Alliance
City of Albany – Talking Water Gardens
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•! 12.3MGD of secondary-treated effluent •! 37-acre integrated wetland treatment system
that enhances wildlife habitat while reducing the temperature, TDS, and nutrients in recycled water.
•! Coupled with upland restoration project that uses reuse effluent or irrigation to support more diverse habitat.
•! The system is the first in the nation designed to treat a unique combination of municipal and industrial WWTP effluents.
Water Reuse for Drinking
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De facto Water Reuse
Consumer
Discharge Drinking Water
Treatment Conventional
Wastewater Treatment
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Indirect Potable Reuse
Drinking Water Treatment
Conventional Wastewater Treatment
Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Consumer
Environmental Buffer
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Direct Potable Reuse Concept
Drinking Water Treatment
Conventional Wastewater Treatment
Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Consumer
•! Manage local groundwater basin •! Groundwater = 70% local supply for 2.4
million residents •! 14”/yr. rainfall (semi-arid) •! Seawater intrusion threatens WQ •! Must balance basin pumping and
replenishment over long-term •! Potable reuse is a critical component of basin
replenishment •!Excellent water quality via
high-level purification/treatment •!Reliable •!Cost-effective
Orange County Water District (OCWD) – Groundwater Replenishment
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Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) Partnership
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OCSD OCWD
!"#$%"&''(")%*$)+*'
,)-.+/%"&''(")%*$)+*'
Sewage
,.0"-)'1.+*".2' Microfiltration
(MF) Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Ultraviolet Light (UV)
with Hydrogen Peroxide
Seawater Barrier
Injection Wells
Groundwater Recharge
Basins
70* MGD
*Expansion to 100 MGD to be complete by early 2015
•! Severe drought in Texas accelerated need for water supply
•! Potable reuse viewed as an available supply
•! Texas did not have regulations (still not)
•! Areas facing most imminent problem acted first •!Big Spring (CRMWD) •!Wichita Falls •!Brownwood
Direct Potable Reuse – Drought Response
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•!Facility mixes treated sewage water with water from lakes to produce a high-quality drinking water.
•!Facility received advanced secondary reuse and treats approximately 16 million gallons per day with microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet disinfection.
•!This is blended with 21 million gallons per day filtered from traditional sources.
Big Spring Water Supply Augmentation
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CRMWD Raw Water Production Facility
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Big Spring Wastewater Treatment
Plant
CRMWD Raw Water Production
Facility
E.V. Spence Reservoir
Lake J.B. Thomas
Beals Creek Red Draw Reservoir
RO Concentrate
Big Spring
To Odessa, Midland & Stanton
Blended into Raw Water
Transmission System
1.0 mile
0.40 mile
0.25 mile
To Snyder Big Spring
Water Treatment
Plant
CRMWD at Big Spring Treatment Process
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•! Population ~ 104,000
•! Existing Supplies •!Lake Kickapoo •!Lake Arrowhead •!Lake Kemp (high TDS)
•! Two water treatment plants •!Jasper- 24 MGD (1.05 m3/s) •!Cypress- 52 MGD (2.28 m3/s)
•!42 MGD conventional (1.84 m3/s) •!10 MGD MF/RO (0.44 m3/s) (for Lake Kemp water)
City of Wichita Falls
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•! Use existing MF/RO facility to treat effluent from WWTP
•! RO permeate blended 50/50 with raw water from lakes
•! Blended water treated at conventional WTP
•! Pipeline from WWTP to WTP laid above ground
Wichita Falls Emergency DPR Project
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Source: www.timesrecordnews.com/photos/galleries/2014/feb/04/inside-look-water-reuse-project/12132/#section_headery's
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•!Many facilities are turning to Potable Reuse for extension of water supplies •!Tarrant Regional Water District – Manmade wetlands – Richland Chambers Reservoir
•!TRWD plans for 100,000 AF/Y in Potable Supply •!TRWD Similar project planned for Cedar Creek Lake – Additional 100,000 AF/Y
Reuse Trends: Not Just for Droughts
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•! North Texas Municipal Water District – Manmade wetlands – Lake Lavon
•! Up to 100,000 AF/Y Water Supply
•! Public Education Center
Potable Reuse – Not Just for Droughts
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•! 130 miles of pipeline delivers 29 mgd of recycled water to: •!– Golf courses •!– Parks •!– Commercial •!– Industrial
•! Also remaining recycle flows provide baseflows for Upper
San Antonio River (famed River Walk) and Salado Creek
San Antonio, TX Water Recycling
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•! El Paso has led in innovative water supply development •!Largest inland desalination – Kay Bailey Hutchison Plant - 27.5 MGD •!10s of miles of purple pipe recycled water for customers •!Potable water quality from Water Reclamation Plant
•! Potable Reuse Project •!Pilot facility operational •!Augment treatment to produce potable water •!Blend treated water into distribution system
El Paso Direct Potable Recycle Project
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Funding for Water Reuse
•!Conveyance costs •!From treatment to point(s) of use
•!Additional treatment costs •!Direct non-potable: Type 1 or Type 2 •!DPR
•!Industrial pretreatment program •!Seasonal demand and storage
Evaluate Cost of Source Development
•!DPR vs. direct nonpotable •!Balancing treatment against dual conveyance systems
•!Cost of reuse projects should be compared with new water supply costs
Cost of Source Development
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Direct Non-potable Reuse •! Less treatment •! Dual conveyance •! Drought proof revenue
Direct Potable Reuse •! Higher Levels of Treatment •! Existing Distribution System •! Drought Restrictions Apply
•!Grants, Matching Funds, & Low Interest Loans •!Federal and State sources •!Highly competitive •!Environmental review
Water Reuse Funding
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•!What funding sources are available? •!What strings are attached? •!How to compete effectively?
Water Reuse Funding
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•!Revenue Bonds •!General Obligation Bonds •!Certificates of Obligation •!Grants & Low Interest Loans
•!Federal •!State
Water Reuse Funding – Traditional Funding
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•!Bureau of Reclamation •!WaterSMART: Title XVI
•!Texas Water Development Board •!Regional Facility Planning Grants •!Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) •!Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) •!State Water Implementation Fund for Texas (SWIFT)
Planning, Design, & Construction
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•! Involves 17 western states •!Up to 50% matching funds •!New sources of water supplies using water recycling and
reuse technologies. •!Up to $150,000 for feasibility studies completed in 18
months. •!Up to $450,000 for feasibility studies completed in 36
months. •!Focus on municipal water reclamation and reuse,
industrial, domestic or agricultural wastewater, and naturally impaired groundwater and/or surface waters
WaterSMART: Title XVI Funding
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•!Maximum of $4 million per applicant with 5 to 10 awards (subject to annual appropriation).
•!25% of project cost, not to exceed $20 million. •!Planning, design, and construction. •!Requirements:
•!Determination by Reclamation that feasibility study meets Title XVI.
•!Compliance with NEPA. •!Local share. •!Congressional authorization.
Water Reclamation and Reuse Program
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•!Regional Water Supply and Wastewater Facilities Planning Program •!Studies to evaluate alternatives •!Regional water supply and wastewater facility needs •!Solutions consistent with regional & statewide plans •!Matching funds
Texas Water Development Board Funding
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•!Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) •!Special consideration for Reuse Projects
•!Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) •!Low interest loans for water projects
•!State Revolving Funds (SRF) •!Rate Subsidy – 120-125 Basis Points •!20-30 year payment schedule •!Limited loan forgiveness for Green Reserve Projects
•!Reuse qualifies as a “Green Reserve Project”
•!SWIFT Funding •!20% reserved for conservation including reuse
Other Funding Alternatives
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Conservation Benefits of Reuse
Water Reuse Conserves Potable Supply
•!All water is reused – no new water •!Each gallon of water reuse preserves a
gallon somewhere •!Water used for reuse would previously
have been from traditional sources
•!Water that traditionally flowed downstream now has value
•!Using the right water for the right use conserves our supplies
Reuse Water is Water
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•!Reuse supplies are often closer than other new supplies •!Conserves power usage through pumping
shorter distances
•!Water reuse reduces per capita consumption assisting communities with complying with state consumption targets
•!Water reuse is a valuable part of a conservation program to preserve our resources & environment
•!BOTTOM LINE – Water reuse can conserve money!!!
Other Benefits of Water Reuse
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Water Reuse: Too Good Not to Use Again
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Approximately 7% of Effluent is Reused in the United States
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