essential nutrients
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Nutrition & NutrientsNutrition is the Study of Food
& How the Body Uses it
Nutrients are substances found in food that are necessary to maintain
life!– Gives us Energy– Forms, Repairs &
Regulates Body Tissues– Regulate All Body
ProcessesYou MUST Eat a Balanced Diet to
be Healthy!!!
Essential Nutrients
CarbohydratesProtein
FatsVitamins Minerals
Water
Fiber is the Most Essential
Non-Nutrient!!You MUST Eat a Balanced Diet with the Right
Amounts of Each Nutrients in Order to be Healthy!!!!
Carbohydrates• Our Bodies Main Source of Energy• Sugars, Starches & Fiber• 45-65 % of Total Daily Calories• 4 k/cal per Gram
Simple VS Complex
Simple CarbohydratesAKA…. Simple Sugars…..
The Simplest Form of Carbs!!
All Fruit, Most Vegetables (NO Potatoes or Corn), Candy, Soda, Table Sugar, Dairy Products (Milk, Yogurt & Ice
Cream), Sugary Candy (Skittles, Dots, Tootsie Rolls…), Sugary Cereals (Corn Pops, Fruit Loops)
Complex CarbohydratesAKA… Starches
Foods contain Starch, Glycogen & Fiber
Starchy Vegetables (Potatoes & Corn), Legumes (Dry Beans & Dry Peas), Whole Grain Products such as Corn or Flour
Tortillas, Potato Chips, Bread, Cereal (healthy), Pasta, Rice
Come only from Plant Sources!!!
Differentiating Between the 2
FiberMost Essential Non-Nutrient
Helps Push Food through our Digestive System
Contains a minimal amount of energy & can NOT be digested
Fruits, Vegetables, Whole Grains & Beans“the Browner the Better!”
Come only from Plant Sources!!!
Essential Nutrients
Protein• Builds & Repairs Cells of Muscles, Skin, Hair & Nails• Forms Hormones, Antibodies & Enzymes• 10-35 % of Total Daily Calories• 4 k/cal per Gram• Eat Too Much & it is Stored as Fat
Complete vs Incomplete
Complete Protein• Contains All 9 Essential Amino Acids• Contains Cholesterol
Chicken, Turkey, Pork, Beef, Seafood, Emu, Ostrich, Venison, Antelope, Sausage, Cheese, Dairy….
Come Only From Animal Products
InComplete Protein• Lacks 1 or more of the 9 Essential Amino Acids
• 3 Categories:– Nuts & Seeds – Pumpkin seeds,,
sunflower seeds, walnut, almonds, etc.…– Grains – Whole wheat bread, rice, corn
products, pasta…– Legumes – Tofu, dry beans, soy
products, peanut butter…
Come Only From Plant Products
Completing Incomplete Proteins
Come Only From Plant Products
You MUST combine 2 foods from different categories of incomplete proteins in 1 meal to
be considered complete!!(Nuts and Seeds, Legumes & Grains)
Peanut butter & BreadRice & BeansTofu & Rice
Essential Nutrients
Day 3
Fats• Main Form of Energy Storage• Cushion Organs• Maintains Body Temperature• Makes Hormones• Helps you Feel Full after you Eat• Coats Nerves & Membranes• Adds Taste & Texture to Food
Eating Too Many Can Lead to Obesity
Saturated vs Unsaturated
Saturated Fat• Contain Saturated Fatty Acids• Are Solid at Room Temperature• Comes only from Animal Products with the
exception of Coconut & Palm Oil
Saturated vs Unsaturated
UnSaturated Fat• Contain UnSaturated Fatty Acids• Are Liquid at Room Temperature• Comes only from Plant Products (Excludes
Coconut & Palm Oil)
Saturated vs Unsaturated
Trans Fat• Created when liquid vegetable oil is
hydrogenated
• This means the food manufacturers add hydrogen atoms to the liquid oil which makes the oil solid and more useable
• Food labels - “partially hydrogenated vegetable oil” or “vegetable shortening
MORE of the “UGLY” FATS
• Trans fats raise your blood cholesterol levels
• Trans fats can be found in such foods as - margarine, shortening, crackers, candy bars, boxed cakes, TV dinners, deep-fried french fries
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