england and its colonies chapter 3, section 1. mercantilism england expects something in return for...

England and Its Colonies

Chapter 3, Section 1

Mercantilism

• England expects something in return for its generosity to the colonies– Mercantilism: goal is to become most wealthy

country in the world by gaining the most gold/silver

• Why are the colonies an important part of mercantilism for England?

Navigation Acts

• Navigation Acts:

1. Must trade only with England

2. Must use only English ships

Navigation Acts

• King Charles cracks down:– Created “Dominion of New England”

• DoNE• New leaders enforced Nav. Acts,

questioned Puritan beliefs, outlawed local assemblies, and created new taxes

New leader, same tricks

• King Charles II died in 1685– King James II (brother) took the throne

• Catholic• Enforced Nav. Acts

New leader, same tricks

• Glorious Revolution:– King James fled England– Parliament asked William and Mary of Orange

to take over the throne

Glorious Revolution

• The Glorious Revolution showed that Parliament has more power than the King

– In the colonies, Wm. and Parliament:• dissolve DoNE and reinstate colonial

assemblies• Require more religious freedom• Begin Salutary neglect: policy giving the

colonies more overall freedom

Glorious Revolution

• The only thing they didn’t do?

– Eliminate Nav. Acts• They strengthened them!• Moved smuggling trials to courts with

English judges• Created the Board of Trade to monitor

colonial trade

A Small Advantage

• Colonial assemblies pay the governors’ salary

The Agricultural South

Chapter 3, Section 2

Southern Life

• Profitable crop that saved Jamestown:

Tobacco

• Cash crop: a crop grown in large quantities primarily to sell

Southern Life

• Tobacco is a labor-intensive crop– Originally enslaved natives, but this proved

too difficult

1. Knew the land and could escape

2. Dying from smallpox

Southern Life

• Began enslaving Africans– From 1690 to 1750:

# of African Slaves in Southern Colonies

13,000

63,000

113,000

163,000

213,000

1690 1750

Year

# of

sla

ves Line 1

Southern Life

Plantation Owners

Free white men

Indentured servants and women

Slaves and natives

The Slave Trade

• Triangular trade

• Middle Passage

Slave Resistance

• Ways that slaves resisted their owners:– Faked sick– Broke tools– Worked slowly

Slave Resistance

• Stono Rebellion: a group of S.C. slaves gathered weapons and rose up against owners; many Africans were killed whether they were involved or not

– Began a crackdown on slaves

Ending the Slave Trade, “Amazing Grace”

Resources

• Slavery• The Slave Trade, “Amazing Grace”• Slavery in Pictures

The Commercial North

Chapter 3, Section 3

Commercial North

Diverse

• English

• German

• Scots and Irish

• Scandinavians

• French fur traders

Salem Witch Trialshttp://www.neiu.edu/~cejanzen/salem.swf

Commercial North

• Diversity allows for two great movements to take root in the North

• The Enlightenment

• The Great Awakening

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment The Great The Great AwakeningAwakening

Type of Type of movementmovement

IntellectualIntellectual ReligiousReligious

Key figuresKey figures Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Jonathan Jonathan Edwards, Gge. Edwards, Gge. WhitefieldWhitefield

IdeasIdeas World is governed by World is governed by mathematical laws, indiv. mathematical laws, indiv. have natural rightshave natural rights

Puritan values, Puritan values, rededicate to God, rededicate to God, need for salvationneed for salvation

What action What action to taketo take

Experiment, rely on Experiment, rely on reason, question reason, question traditional authoritytraditional authority

Join a church, found Join a church, found religious colleges, religious colleges, read the Bible, read the Bible, question authorityquestion authority

• The Enlightenment• Ideas of the Enlightenment in America

NorthNorth SouthSouth

• several cash cropsseveral cash crops

• industryindustry

• Powerful merchantsPowerful merchants

• many citiesmany cities

• diverse religions, diverse religions, ethnic groups, etc.ethnic groups, etc.

• one cash cropsone cash crops

• agriculture industryagriculture industry

• Powerful farm Powerful farm owners owners

• few citiesfew cities

• more uniform more uniform populationpopulation

BothBoth

•SlavesSlaves

• Conflict with Conflict with nativesnatives

• becoming becoming wealthywealthy

• upset with upset with EnglandEngland

Tensions Between the Tensions Between the Colonies and BritainColonies and Britain

Ch. 3, Section 4

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

• France was Britain’s greatest rival in North America

• French had alliances with major native tribes of the midwest (Huron, Ottawa, Ojibwe)

• Built Fort Duquesne in present day Pittsburgh, but there was a problem

• British granted that land to planters

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

• British sent George Washington and VA militia to drive the French out– Built Fort Necessity– Forced to surrender

during French counter-attack

– Beginning of French and Indian War

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

• Gen. Edward Braddock defeated by French guerrilla warfare at first

• William Pitt borrowed a heap of money and began winning

• Iroquois (one of biggest native alliances) joined British

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

• French driven to Quebec City

• British won by scaling cliffs around Quebec and taking the French by surprise

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

• Treaty of Paris (1763): ended the war with France

• Great Britain received Canada and most of North America, including Florida from France’s ally Spain

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

• To fight native resistance:– Brits gave two small pox

blankets to natives during peace negotiations

– To avoid major battles, Proclamation of 1763

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

Problems Resulting from Problems Resulting from WarWar

1.1. Brits left 10,000 troops for colonists’ Brits left 10,000 troops for colonists’ safetysafety

2.2. Britain raises taxes to pay for its war Britain raises taxes to pay for its war debtsdebts

• Writs of assistance: could search any building or ship for suspected smuggled goods

3.3. Sugar ActSugar Act• Smugglers tried with one judge, no jury• Claimed rights being violated b/c no

representation in Parliament