chapter three the colonies come of age. section 1: england and its colonies prosper mercantilism...
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Chapter Three
The Colonies Come
of Age
Section 1:England and Its Colonies Prosper
Mercantilism Mercantilism—countries must get gold,
silver to be self-sufficient – English colonies export raw materials to
England; import manufactured goods– Favorable balance of trade means more
gold coming in than going out
England and Its Colonies Prosper
The Navigation Acts England sees colonial sales to other
countries as economic threat In 1651, Parliament—England’s
legislative body, passes Navigation Acts: laws restrict colonial trade
King Charles II takes away Massachusetts colony’s charter
England Loosens the Reins Salutary Neglect - does not enforce
laws strictly to avoid problems with colonists
The Seeds of Self-Government
Colonies form local assemblies
Colonial assembly influences governor because they pay his salary
Colonists still consider themselves British but want self-government
Sir Edmund Andros, British colonial governor in America.
Economic Development of the ColoniesChapter 3 Sections 2-3 Pgs.72-84
Using a “foldable” create a chart that shows how each of the sections of the colonies developed differently
Section 2:The Rural Southern Economy
Fertile soil leads to growth of agriculture
Farmers specialize in cash crops grown for sale
Long, deep rivers allow planters to ship goods directly to markets
Plantations produce most of what farmers need on their property
Few cities grow
Yellow-Least fertile soil
Light Green-ModeratelyFertile
Dark Green-Most fertile
NEW ENGLANDCOLONIES
MIDDLECOLONIES
SOUTHERNCOLONIES
A Diverse and Prosperous People
-In 1700s, many German, Scots, Scots-Irish immigrants settle in South, Southern population mostly small farmers
Quechee Scottish Festival in Vermont.
The Evolution of Slavery
Plantations require large labor force Indentured servants –too few and costly Slave labor seen as answer to labor
problem
The European Slave Trade
3-way triangular trade connects Africa, Europe, and American colonies
The Middle Passage
Middle Passage-voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas– Up to 20% die on
voyage over
Middle Passage
African slaves on the deck of a ship in 1860.
The European Slave Trade
Interactive Map: Triangular Trade Routes
Click on the link for interactive map of Triangular trade
Complete the activity with this slide.
Slavery in the South and African Culture
Most slaves work plantation fields 10-20% work in houses Africans manage to keep their culture
alive-music, dance-ring shout, art
Gullah….
http://www.knowitall.org/gullahtales/
Listen to the Gullah…..
Section 3:Commerce Grows in the North
Diversified Economy Cold winters, rocky soil restrict New
Englanders to small farms Middle colonies raise livestock, crops;
export surplus Diverse commercial economy develops in
New England, middle colonies By mid-1700s, merchants are powerful
group in North
Witchcraft in Salem In 1692, in Salem, Massachusetts, 2 girls accuse
a West Indian Slave woman of being a witch Witch hunt hysteria begins Result: 19 hanged, 1 crushed, 4-5 die in prison,
150 put in jail
"Examination of a Witch" in Salem.
New Ideas Influence the Colonists For centuries philosophers
used reason, science to explain world
Enlightenment—movement in 1700s emphasizing reason, observation – Enlightenment ideas spread
quickly through books, pamphlets
– Benjamin Franklin embraces Enlightenment ideas
New Ideas Influence the Colonists The Great Awakening -
religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s – Jonathan Edwards preaches
people are sinful, must seek God’s mercy
– Native Americans, African Americans, colonists join new churches
– Interest in learning increases; Protestants found colleges
Both movements question authority, stress individual’s importance
Section 4: The French and Indian War-Britain and France compete
In 1608, 1st permanent settlement- Quebec-established
In 1750s, Britain, France build empires; both want Ohio River Valley
French colonists mostly fur traders, missionary priests
French have good relations, military alliances with natives
French and Indian War:Britain Defeats an Old Enemy
War begins over land Native Americans join the French
because they believe it will help them get their land back.
George Washington is the leader of the colonial forces that helps the British to defeat the French.
Results of the war Ended by the Treaty of Paris 1763
- France forced to give up all land in North America
- Britain agrees to keep colonists
out of land in the Ohio River Valley
with the Proclamation of 1763 –
hoped that this would satisfy the
Native Americans, but it creates
tension with colonists
British get tough with Colonists Britain needs money to pay
for war-Begin to crackdown on smuggling
Enforces navigation laws Troops stationed in colonies New taxes are imposed to
pay for the war Writs of Assistance – allows
British to search colonial property w/o a warrant
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