africa: ict for development rafael capurro hochschule der medien stuttgart sommersemester 2006

Africa: ICT for Africa: ICT for DevelopmentDevelopment

Rafael CapurroRafael Capurro

Hochschule der Medien StuttgartHochschule der Medien Stuttgart

Sommersemester 2006Sommersemester 2006

Rafael Capurro: Africa - ICT for DevRafael Capurro: Africa - ICT for Development (2006)elopment (2006)

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WSISWSIS

Evaluation of the Implementation of the Evaluation of the Implementation of the Geneva Plan of Action and Information Geneva Plan of Action and Information Society IndicatorsSociety Indicators UNECA (UN Economic Commission for Africa) UNECA (UN Economic Commission for Africa)

coordinates the African Information Society coordinates the African Information Society Initiative (AISI) (launched in 1996)Initiative (AISI) (launched in 1996)

Goal: to create a pan-African ICT network giving Goal: to create a pan-African ICT network giving Africans the means to improve the quality of their Africans the means to improve the quality of their lives and fight against poverty.lives and fight against poverty.


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UNECAUNECA

Trade and Regional Integration (TRID)Trade and Regional Integration (TRID) Sustainable Development Division (SDD)Sustainable Development Division (SDD) Gender and Development: Afrian Center for Gender and Development: Afrian Center for

Gender and DevelopmentGender and Development


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AISIAISI

Focus Areas:Focus Areas: E-Strategies: E-Strategies:

NICI (National IC Infrastructure)NICI (National IC Infrastructure) Scan-ICT programmeScan-ICT programme

Information & Knowledge: indigenous capacity to Information & Knowledge: indigenous capacity to aggregate and disseminate informationaggregate and disseminate information

Partnership & Networking: as opposed to Partnership & Networking: as opposed to „reinventing the whell“„reinventing the whell“

Outreach & Communication: involves all societal Outreach & Communication: involves all societal actorsactors


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AISIAISI

E-strategies:E-strategies: National Information and Communication National Information and Communication

Infrastructure (NICI)Infrastructure (NICI) Sectoral Information and Communication Sectoral Information and Communication

Infrastructure (SICI): Ethiopia, GambiaInfrastructure (SICI): Ethiopia, Gambia Village Information and Communication Village Information and Communication

Infrastructure (VICI)Infrastructure (VICI) Regional Information and Communication Regional Information and Communication

Infrastructure (RICI) (Workshops 2004/05 in Infrastructure (RICI) (Workshops 2004/05 in Nairobi,Tangiers, Dar es Salaam, Kigali)Nairobi,Tangiers, Dar es Salaam, Kigali)


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AISIAISI

Major Focus Areas:Major Focus Areas: Promoting sectoral applications of ICT for Promoting sectoral applications of ICT for

eradicating poverty and improving quality of lifeeradicating poverty and improving quality of life Support the educational processSupport the educational process Delivery of health careDelivery of health care Opportunities for business and tradeOpportunities for business and trade Electronic GovernmentElectronic Government Creating the enabling policy environmentCreating the enabling policy environment


77

AISIAISI

Major achievements:Major achievements: Support provided to 28 African countries to Support provided to 28 African countries to

develop their own NICIdevelop their own NICI Periodic consultations (Global Connectivity for Periodic consultations (Global Connectivity for

Africa Conference, Addis Ababa 1998, African Africa Conference, Addis Ababa 1998, African Development Forum 1999)Development Forum 1999)

Capacity building for decision makersCapacity building for decision makers Evaluation of ICT impact (Scan-ICT Project)Evaluation of ICT impact (Scan-ICT Project)


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AISIAISI

News (April 2006)News (April 2006) Media Training Workshop at Addis Ababa (March Media Training Workshop at Addis Ababa (March

2006)2006) E-Payment (South Africa, Tunisia, Egypt)E-Payment (South Africa, Tunisia, Egypt) Forum on ICTs, Trade and Economic Growth in Forum on ICTs, Trade and Economic Growth in

Addis Ababa (March 2006)Addis Ababa (March 2006) Meeting to propose strategy for Ethiopia‘s ehealth Meeting to propose strategy for Ethiopia‘s ehealth

programmeprogramme Open Source meeting to accelerate MDGs Open Source meeting to accelerate MDGs

(Millenium Development Gaols)(Millenium Development Gaols)


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AISI: PICTAAISI: PICTA

PICTA: Partners for ICTs in AfricaPICTA: Partners for ICTs in Africa Formed in 1997Formed in 1997 Forum on ICTs, Trade and Economic Growth, Forum on ICTs, Trade and Economic Growth,

March 2006 (Addis Ababa)March 2006 (Addis Ababa)


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AISI: Scan-ICTAISI: Scan-ICT

Scan-ICT: Indicators of ICT: The Impact of Scan-ICT: Indicators of ICT: The Impact of Information and Communication Technology at the Information and Communication Technology at the country levelcountry level

An initiative of ECA, IDRC (Intern. Dev. Research An initiative of ECA, IDRC (Intern. Dev. Research Centre, Canada), European Union, NORAD Centre, Canada), European Union, NORAD (Norwegian Agence for Development Co-operation)(Norwegian Agence for Development Co-operation)

Report (Addis Ababa 2003): Ethiopia, Ghana, Report (Addis Ababa 2003): Ethiopia, Ghana, SenegalSenegal

Scan-ICT phase II kicks off in Mauritius (January Scan-ICT phase II kicks off in Mauritius (January 2006)2006)


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ICT Task Force Series 2ICT Task Force Series 2

„„Information and Communication Information and Communication Technologies for African Development. An Technologies for African Development. An Assessment of Progress and Challenges Assessment of Progress and Challenges Ahead“ Joseph O. Okpaku, Ed., UN ICT Task Ahead“ Joseph O. Okpaku, Ed., UN ICT Task Force, New York 2003.Force, New York 2003.

Online: Online: http://unicttaskforce.org/perl/documents.pl?id=http://unicttaskforce.org/perl/documents.pl?id=1151;p=11151;p=1


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J.M. FigueresJ.M. Figueres

José María Figueres (Head, UN ICT Task José María Figueres (Head, UN ICT Task Force): PrefaceForce): Preface „„Nowhere is this digital divide more pronounced Nowhere is this digital divide more pronounced

than in countries of the African continent. Africa is than in countries of the African continent. Africa is the most unconnected, in an increasingly the most unconnected, in an increasingly connected world.“ (p. xi)connected world.“ (p. xi)


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K.A. AnnanK.A. Annan

H.E. Kofi A. Annan, Secretary-General of the H.E. Kofi A. Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations: Information And United Nations: Information And Communication Technologies: A Priority For Communication Technologies: A Priority For Africa‘s Development.Africa‘s Development. „„Clearly, if we are to succeed, the process must Clearly, if we are to succeed, the process must

engage all stakeholders: donors, the private sector, engage all stakeholders: donors, the private sector, civil society organisations, governments, and civil society organisations, governments, and especially those in the developing world itself.“ (p. especially those in the developing world itself.“ (p. xvii)xvii)


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Okpaku: ICT…Okpaku: ICT…

Joseph O. Okpaku, President and CEO, Joseph O. Okpaku, President and CEO, Telecom Africa Corporation: Information And Telecom Africa Corporation: Information And Communication Technologies as Tools for Communication Technologies as Tools for African Self-Development. Towards a Re-African Self-Development. Towards a Re-Definition of Development.Definition of Development.


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„„The quintessential dream of any group of The quintessential dream of any group of peoples or nations is the pursuit of self-peoples or nations is the pursuit of self-actualisation in a structure and context in actualisation in a structure and context in which they are in full command of their which they are in full command of their destiny and own the means and processes by destiny and own the means and processes by which they seek to attain that goal.“ (p. 1)which they seek to attain that goal.“ (p. 1)


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„„The context of that dream, the compelling The context of that dream, the compelling condition which the people seek to alter, the condition which the people seek to alter, the pursuit of the promise of new and beter, more pursuit of the promise of new and beter, more rewarding or simply more exciting conditions, rewarding or simply more exciting conditions, is what constitutes society‘s challenge.“ (p. 2)is what constitutes society‘s challenge.“ (p. 2)


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„„The response to that challenge, the The response to that challenge, the mobilisation of resources and the galvanisation mobilisation of resources and the galvanisation of a collective genius in an effort to propel of a collective genius in an effort to propel society over the hill of challenge to the valley society over the hill of challenge to the valley or plain fields of resolution beyond, to new or plain fields of resolution beyond, to new vistas and new conditions, is what I would call vistas and new conditions, is what I would call „development“. (p. 2)„development“. (p. 2)

„„By this definition, development is a process, By this definition, development is a process, the very process of problem solving.“ (p. 2)the very process of problem solving.“ (p. 2)


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„„To a large extent, wealth has a vertical structure in To a large extent, wealth has a vertical structure in African society, with most families consisting of the African society, with most families consisting of the entire range, from the well-off to the most needy. The entire range, from the well-off to the most needy. The structure of family obligations in traditional Africa structure of family obligations in traditional Africa makes the pursuit of the collective advancement of makes the pursuit of the collective advancement of the entire community a norm. The disruption of this the entire community a norm. The disruption of this model, through „modernisation“, has been a threat to model, through „modernisation“, has been a threat to reaping the benefits of this tradition for contemporary reaping the benefits of this tradition for contemporary African development.“ (p. 11)African development.“ (p. 11)


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„„Ironically, constructing such a new model Ironically, constructing such a new model Africa should not proe extraordinarily Africa should not proe extraordinarily difficult, because it is little more than a return difficult, because it is little more than a return to the original structure of African society to the original structure of African society based on the pre-eminence of the extended based on the pre-eminence of the extended family and ist mutuality of care, concern and family and ist mutuality of care, concern and support.“ (p. 13)support.“ (p. 13)


2020


„„All we need to do, primarily, is to assign our All we need to do, primarily, is to assign our scholars and intellectuals (both academic and non-scholars and intellectuals (both academic and non-academic) to revisit our centuries-old culture and academic) to revisit our centuries-old culture and tradition and strip away the crusted layers created by tradition and strip away the crusted layers created by years of disuse and the cultural and social years of disuse and the cultural and social hemorrhage of the colonial experience and ist not-hemorrhage of the colonial experience and ist not-too-noble afternath. We can then modernise that old too-noble afternath. We can then modernise that old legacy to take advantage of new ideas and means, legacy to take advantage of new ideas and means, such as the facilitation of information and such as the facilitation of information and communication technologies, as tools for their communication technologies, as tools for their definition and diffusion.“ (p. 13)definition and diffusion.“ (p. 13)


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Okpaku: Background…Okpaku: Background…

Joseph O. Okpaku: „Background on Joseph O. Okpaku: „Background on Information and Communications Information and Communications Technologies for Development in Africa“Technologies for Development in Africa“


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Initiatives:Initiatives: NEPAD (The New Partnership for Africa‘s NEPAD (The New Partnership for Africa‘s

Development): adopted by the Organisation of Development): adopted by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 2001 and later on by the African Unity (OAU) in 2001 and later on by the African Union (AU) in 2002. It was endorsed by African Union (AU) in 2002. It was endorsed by the G8 industrial countries in 2002 (Kananaskis the G8 industrial countries in 2002 (Kananaskis Meeting, Canada)Meeting, Canada)


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The NEPAD strategic framework document The NEPAD strategic framework document arises from a mandate given to the five arises from a mandate given to the five initiating Heads of State (Algeria, Egypt, initiating Heads of State (Algeria, Egypt, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa) by the Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa) by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to develop an integrated socio-economic develop an integrated socio-economic development framework for Africa. The 37th development framework for Africa. The 37th Summit of the OAU in July 2001 formally Summit of the OAU in July 2001 formally adopted the strategic framework document.adopted the strategic framework document.


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G8 DOT Force process:G8 DOT Force process: Global Digital Opportunity InitiativeGlobal Digital Opportunity Initiative Partnership for Global Policy ParticipationPartnership for Global Policy Participation

UN ICT Task Force convened on July 12, UN ICT Task Force convened on July 12, 2002 the Digital Bridge to Africa Workshop:2002 the Digital Bridge to Africa Workshop: The Digital Diaspora Network-Africa (DDN-A)The Digital Diaspora Network-Africa (DDN-A) AFRISHAREAFRISHARE The Social Venture Fund for AfricaThe Social Venture Fund for Africa

World Bank: Gateway ProjectWorld Bank: Gateway Project


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Other Initiatives:Other Initiatives: Informal Sector and Civil Society Initiatives:Informal Sector and Civil Society Initiatives:

SMEs: telecentres, online marketing of farm products…SMEs: telecentres, online marketing of farm products… Industry-Based InitiativesIndustry-Based Initiatives

The SatCom Project (telecommunication industry)The SatCom Project (telecommunication industry) The Digital Factory (software development)The Digital Factory (software development)

Indigenous African InitiativesIndigenous African Initiatives


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Infrastructure:Infrastructure: The Sat-3/WASC/SAFE Undersea Optical Fibre The Sat-3/WASC/SAFE Undersea Optical Fibre

Cable Network (28,000 km cable, $650 millio Cable Network (28,000 km cable, $650 millio USD, launched in Dakar on May 27, 2002)USD, launched in Dakar on May 27, 2002)

The RASCOM Satellite Project (Regional African The RASCOM Satellite Project (Regional African Satellite Comm.Org.): in collab. With AlcatelSatellite Comm.Org.): in collab. With Alcatel

The Comtel Projekt: member states of COMESAThe Comtel Projekt: member states of COMESA


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Okpaku: Bakground…Okpaku: Bakground…

Policy and StrategyPolicy and Strategy The African Connection and the Ministerial The African Connection and the Ministerial

Oversight Committee (1998)Oversight Committee (1998) The African Telecommunications Union (ATU)The African Telecommunications Union (ATU) The African Advisory Group on ICT (AAG-ICT): The African Advisory Group on ICT (AAG-ICT):

12 eminent African ICT experts, created by the 12 eminent African ICT experts, created by the Minister of Communications of South Africa (Dr. Minister of Communications of South Africa (Dr. Ivy Matsepe Casaburri)Ivy Matsepe Casaburri)


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The e-Africa Commission: The e-Africa Commission: serves as the ICT task force of NEPAD. serves as the ICT task force of NEPAD. Chaired by HE President Alfa Oumar Konaré, Chaired by HE President Alfa Oumar Konaré,

former Head of State of the Republic of Maliformer Head of State of the Republic of Mali


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Okpaku: Background…Okpaku: Background… NEPAD‘s ICT Projects:NEPAD‘s ICT Projects:

ICT/1: Infrastructure Projekt (32 optical fibre inter-state links in West Africa)ICT/1: Infrastructure Projekt (32 optical fibre inter-state links in West Africa) ICT/2: Telecommunication Law and Regulation HarmonisationICT/2: Telecommunication Law and Regulation Harmonisation ICT/3: IT/Telecomm. Device Manufacturing PlantICT/3: IT/Telecomm. Device Manufacturing Plant ICT/4: Support of ICT-related FacilitiesICT/4: Support of ICT-related Facilities ICT/5: PAG-NET, PanAfrican Governmental Network.ICT/5: PAG-NET, PanAfrican Governmental Network. ICT/6: DATAFRICA (statistics)ICT/6: DATAFRICA (statistics) ICT/7: E-Justice Africa (criminal justice data)ICT/7: E-Justice Africa (criminal justice data) ICT/8: E-Customer AfricaICT/8: E-Customer Africa ICT/9: ACT-NET (fight terrorism)ICT/9: ACT-NET (fight terrorism) ICT/10: TelemedicineICT/10: Telemedicine ICT/11: E-History AfricaICT/11: E-History Africa ICT/12: AfricashopICT/12: Africashop ICT/13: Africa CybermarketICT/13: Africa Cybermarket


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A.O. Konaré: Restoring Africa‘s…A.O. Konaré: Restoring Africa‘s…

H.E. Alpha Oumar Konaré: „Restoring H.E. Alpha Oumar Konaré: „Restoring Africa‘s National Space“Africa‘s National Space“ „„We are aware of the interest that 400 million We are aware of the interest that 400 million

African consumers represent for multinational African consumers represent for multinational companies, and reforms advocating privatisation companies, and reforms advocating privatisation have been initiated everywhere in this important have been initiated everywhere in this important field.“ (p. 52)field.“ (p. 52)


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Konaré: Restoring Africa‘s…Konaré: Restoring Africa‘s…

„„Everybody knows here that Africa does not Everybody knows here that Africa does not need to beg on the world scene. It is one of the need to beg on the world scene. It is one of the continents with the greatest natural resources continents with the greatest natural resources in the world. And as for human resources, in the world. And as for human resources, more than the fifty percent of the population of more than the fifty percent of the population of Africa is under 25 years old. The burden that Africa is under 25 years old. The burden that Africa drags upon its feet and that prevents it Africa drags upon its feet and that prevents it from taking off is debt, always debt.“ (p. 54)from taking off is debt, always debt.“ (p. 54)


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M. Jensen: The Current StatusM. Jensen: The Current Status

Mike Jensen: „The Current Status of ICT in Mike Jensen: „The Current Status of ICT in Africa“Africa“ Of approx. 816 million people in 2001:Of approx. 816 million people in 2001:

1 in 4 have a radio (205 m)1 in 4 have a radio (205 m) 1 in 13 have a TV (62m)1 in 13 have a TV (62m) 1 in 35 have a mobile phon (24m)1 in 35 have a mobile phon (24m) 1 in 40 have a fixed line (20m)1 in 40 have a fixed line (20m) 1 in 130 have a PC (5,9m)1 in 130 have a PC (5,9m) 1 in 160 use the Internet (5m)1 in 160 use the Internet (5m) 1 in 400 have pay-TV (2m)1 in 400 have pay-TV (2m)


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M. Jensen: The Current Status…M. Jensen: The Current Status…

Divide between urban and rural areasDivide between urban and rural areas Road, rail, and air transport neworks are Road, rail, and air transport neworks are

limitedlimited Brain drainBrain drain Business climate: small markets divided by Business climate: small markets divided by

arbitrary borders, non-transparent and time-arbitrary borders, non-transparent and time-consuming procedures…consuming procedures…


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ICT landscape has changed dramatically:ICT landscape has changed dramatically: Use of e-mailUse of e-mail ICT for governance/administration, education, healthICT for governance/administration, education, health ICT for farmer ind fishing organizationsICT for farmer ind fishing organizations Joint Ventures: ISP in Morocco digitises France National Joint Ventures: ISP in Morocco digitises France National

Library paper archives, …Library paper archives, … Radio is the most dominant mass mediumRadio is the most dominant mass medium 50% of telecomm. Lines are in the capital cities50% of telecomm. Lines are in the capital cities PCs: some 7.5 milllion for 2001 (1 per 100 people)PCs: some 7.5 milllion for 2001 (1 per 100 people)


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„„As of mid-2002, the number of dialup Internet As of mid-2002, the number of dialup Internet subscribers was close to 1.7 million, 20 percent up subscribers was close to 1.7 million, 20 percent up from 2001, mainly bolstered by growth in a few from 2001, mainly bolstered by growth in a few countries such as Nigeria. Of these subscribers, North countries such as Nigeria. Of these subscribers, North Africa and South Africa are responsible for about 1.2 Africa and South Africa are responsible for about 1.2 million, leaving 500,000 for the remaining 49 sub-million, leaving 500,000 for the remaining 49 sub-Saharan African countries.“ (p. 67)Saharan African countries.“ (p. 67)

Approx. Numer of African Internet users: 5 to 8 Approx. Numer of African Internet users: 5 to 8 million (1.5 to 2.5 million outside North and SA or: 1 million (1.5 to 2.5 million outside North and SA or: 1 user for every 250 to 400 people; Europe and USA: 1 user for every 250 to 400 people; Europe and USA: 1 user for every 2 persons).user for every 2 persons).


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OleKambainei/Sintim-Misa: Info-OleKambainei/Sintim-Misa: Info-communicationcommunication

Emmanuel OleKambainei, Mavis Ampah Emmanuel OleKambainei, Mavis Ampah Sintim-Misa: „Info-communication for Sintim-Misa: „Info-communication for Develoment in Africa. The Africa Connection Develoment in Africa. The Africa Connection Initiative“Initiative“ In 1998 the African Ministers responsible for In 1998 the African Ministers responsible for

communication develooped the initiative „The communication develooped the initiative „The African Connection“ in order to promote ICTAfrican Connection“ in order to promote ICT


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OleKambainei/Sintim-Misa: Info-OleKambainei/Sintim-Misa: Info-communication…communication…

Activities of the African Connection:Activities of the African Connection: Policy and Regulation: First phase of the Regulatory StudyPolicy and Regulation: First phase of the Regulatory Study ICT Policy Strategy PapersICT Policy Strategy Papers Universal and Rural Access (Schoolnet Africa, Worldlink)Universal and Rural Access (Schoolnet Africa, Worldlink) Human Resource and Capacity-buildingHuman Resource and Capacity-building Consensus-building and Regional CooperationConsensus-building and Regional Cooperation Strategic StudiesStrategic Studies E-Africa Commission (NEPAD)E-Africa Commission (NEPAD) Regional and International Deliberations Regional and International Deliberations Funding and Partnerships for ICT DevelopmentFunding and Partnerships for ICT Development ICT Applications and Content DevelopmentICT Applications and Content Development Direct Country AssistanceDirect Country Assistance


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„„But before content development can be made But before content development can be made viable, Africa must take a serious approach to viable, Africa must take a serious approach to developing business models for transforming developing business models for transforming content to viable e-business.“ (S. 165)content to viable e-business.“ (S. 165)


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„„Finally, there is a need to promote general Finally, there is a need to promote general ICT diffusion and raise awareness ICT diffusion and raise awareness andappreciation as well as e-literacy among andappreciation as well as e-literacy among our populations, especially children and youth. our populations, especially children and youth. This should be coupled with efforts to This should be coupled with efforts to demystify and de-demonise ICT for people to demystify and de-demonise ICT for people to accept it as an everyday tool and not an end in accept it as an everyday tool and not an end in itself. ICTs (inclusively, not only computing),itself. ICTs (inclusively, not only computing),


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I believe, can be used to improve the level of basic I believe, can be used to improve the level of basic education and literacy of African children and youth. education and literacy of African children and youth. This can be done by targeting and ensuring that basic This can be done by targeting and ensuring that basic education and literacy change from the traditional education and literacy change from the traditional „3Rs“ (reading, writing and arithmetic) to a higher „3Rs“ (reading, writing and arithmetic) to a higher standard that can be reverred to as „LNCI“ or standard that can be reverred to as „LNCI“ or Literacy – reading and writing, Numeracy – working Literacy – reading and writing, Numeracy – working with numbers, Communicacy – communicating with numbers, Communicacy – communicating effectively, Innovativeness/Initiative.“ (S. 168)effectively, Innovativeness/Initiative.“ (S. 168)


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„„I will give Africa‘s education, human I will give Africa‘s education, human resource development, as well as research an resource development, as well as research an development the ability to „cheetah-pole-development the ability to „cheetah-pole-vault“so as to catch-up with the rest of the vault“so as to catch-up with the rest of the global community.“ (S. 168)global community.“ (S. 168)

africa: ict for development rafael capurro hochschule der medien stuttgart sommersemester 2006

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