7.6 air pollution and smoking 1 air pollution and smoking 7.67.67.67.6

7.6 Air pollution and smoking 1

Air pollution and smoking

7.7.66


Effects of polluted air on our health

Burning fossil fuels gives out

air pollutants (空氣污染物 )


Effects of polluted air on our health sulphur dioxide

(二氧化硫 )

nitrogen oxides (氮氧化物 )

carbon monoxide (一氧化碳 )ozone

(臭氧 )

suspended particulates (懸浮粒子 )

air pollutants



sulphur dioxide

nitrogen oxides

Effect:

irritate our eyes and throat

7.6 Air pollution and smoking

Effect:

irritate our lungs

5

Effects of polluted air on our healthcarbon particles

sulphur dioxide

nitrogen oxides


Effect:

irritate our lungs

6

Effects of polluted air on our healthcarbon particles

sulphur dioxide

nitrogen oxidesrespiratory diseases like bronchitis and

asthma


Effects of polluted air on our healthlead particles Effect:

adversely affect brain functions


Effects of polluted air on our healthcarbon monoxide Effect:

lowers amount of oxygen in blood

dizziness and headaches


Breathing in air with pollutants can cause various health problems.



Air pollution index (API)

What does this tells us?


reported by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD)



ranges from 0 to 500Air pollution index (API)

divided into 5 levels


Air pollution index (API)air quality monitoring station (空氣質素監測

站 )

instruments for measuring the levels of certain air pollutants


Air pollution

levelAPI Effect Action


None No action isNeeded

0|

25

Low


Air pollution



None No immediate action is needed

26|

50

Medium


Air pollution


Immediate health effects in very few people

No immediate action is needed

51|

100

High



Air pollution


Health conditions of people with heart or respiratory diseases may worsen mildly

People with heart or respiratory diseases should reduce physicaland outdoor activities

101|

200

Very high



Air pollution


Wheezing and coughing among general public;health conditions of people with heart or respiratory diseases may worsen significantly

All people should reducephysical and outdooractivities

Severe201

|

500



The API describes the air quality. The higher the API, the poorer the air quality.



7.5Air quality in Hong Kong

Air quality

monitoring

station

Distribution of hourly API

(number of hours)

Low

(0–25)

Medium

(26–50)

High

(51–100)

Very high

(101–200)

Severe

(201–500)

A 115 978 972 35 0

B 182 952 966 0 0

C 0 881 1208 11 0


7.51 Which station (A, B or C) is most

probably located in the rural area? Explain your answer.

Station B, because the API was never recorded as very high or severe over the three months. It also has the largest number of hours recorded with low air pollution level.


7.52 Suppose station C is located in

Causeway Bay. Suggest reasons for the poor air quality in Causeway Bay.

The heavy traffic in Causeway Bay releases a large amount of exhaust gas. The air pollutants in the exhaust gas are trapped in the area by tall buildings.


Effects of smoking on our health

Say NO to smoking!


Effects of smoking on our health> 4000 chemicals in cigarette smoke

> 50 harmful to health


Cigarette smoking model7.20 Experiment

video

1

cigarette

to air pump

cotton woolU-shaped tube


2

light the cigarette

turn on the air pump

7.20


What happens to the colour of the cotton wool?It turns yellow/brown.

2

7.20


Effect of smoking on our health

the yellow substance left is tar (焦油 )



tar

black tar deposits


Effect of smoking on our healthfrom a healthy person

from a smoker



Tar• Causes throat and lung cancer• Causes coughs and other respiratory diseases,

e.g. bronchitis

• Stains the teeth and finger nails


Nicotine (尼古丁 ) • Lowers the oxygen content in blood

32


• Increases heart rate and blood pressure• Leads to heart diseases


Carbon monoxide• Lowers the oxygen content in blood

33



Hydrogen cyanide (氰化氫 )

• Irritates the eyes, nose and skin

34


• Causes weakness, headaches and vomiting


Passive smoking


Passive smoking

Immediate effects

eye irritation

headaches

coughs

sore throat

dizziness


Passive smoking

Long-term effects

increased risk of smoking-related diseases

(e.g. respiratory diseases, lung cancer and heart diseases)


Non-smokers’ lung and smokers’ lung


Smoking and passive smoking largely increase the risk of developing respiratory diseases, lung cancer and heart diseases.



1 The major cause of air pollution is the burning of large amounts of

__________.

40

77

fossil fuels


2 Air pollutants can cause respiratory diseases such as __________ and __________.

41

77

bronchitisasthma


3 The range of the Air Pollution Index is divided into ______ air pollution levels.

42

five

77


4 ______ is a yellow substance in cigarette smoke. It can cause cancer.

43

Tar

77


5 Cigarette smoking is addictive because cigarette smoke contains ________.nicotine

77

7.6 air pollution and smoking 1 air pollution and smoking 7.67.67.67.6

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