FOLIO SCIENCEFORM2

WATER POLLUTION

NAME : MUHAMAD WAZIR BIN MOHD RIJAL

NO I/C: 960616-02-6005

TEACHER NAME: PN. ROSHAIDA BINTI YAACOB

TITLE : WATER POLLUTION CLASS:2 BESTARI

CONTENTSNO CONTENT

1 TITLE

2 INTRODUCTION

3 OBJECTIVE

4 TYPES OF WATER POLLUTANTS

5 EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

6 WAYS TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION

7 WAYS TO CONSERVE AND PRESERVE WATER QUALITY

8 CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION Comprising over 70% of the Earth’s surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet.  Without the seemingly invaluable compound comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on Earth would be non-existent: it is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper.  Although we as humans recognize this fact, we disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Subsequently, we are slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms are dying at a very alarming rate.  In addition to innocent organisms dying off, our drinking water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water for recreational purposes.  In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of the solution.

OBJECTIVE

To learn more about the effect of the water pollution

To discuss about ways to conserve and preserve water quality

To be able to explain the effects of water pollution on living things

To be able to explain ways to control water pollution

Help controlling water pollution

To be more responsible when using water

Understanding the preservation of water quality

By-products, toxic substances and radioactive substances from factories:

Radioactive waste substances can cause cancer. Mercury, lead and heavy metals from the water will

accumulate in the tissues and organs of animals through the food chain.

These harmful metals may end up being consumed by humans when they eat these animals.

Domestic waste People who drink water that has been polluted by domestic

waste can be infected with diseases such as cholera, dysentery and typhoid.

This polluted water can also cause skin diseases if it is used for washing clothes and bathing.

As bacteria and algae grow in polluted water, they use up oxygen. The decaying organic substances also reduce the dissolved oxygen supply in the water. As a result, many aquatic living things will die. The decaying matter will emit a bad smell.

Chemicals substances from the agricultural sector: Fertilisers that flow into rivers will cause algae to grow fast.

Their growth prevents sunlight from reaching the plants in the water. The aquatic plants die. The river ecosystem will be affected.

Many aquatic animals will also die as a result of lack of oxygen in the

water. most pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides are

not easily broken down. These toxic substances leach into the soil. From the soil they are transferred through the food chain to animals and humans.

Siltation Mud pollutes rivers and lakes. Mud prevents sunlight from entering the water. As a result,

plants cannot carry out photosynthesis and die.

Oil spills The layer of oil that forms on the surface of the sea prevents

sunlight and air from entering the water. The plants and animals in the water will die.

Seabirds fish and other aquatic organisms are killed because the oil is toxic.

Polluted beaches endanger the organisms which live along the beach areas.

Fishermen depend on the sea for their livelihood. So they suffer economic hardship.

1. Water pollution is a serious and complex problem in Malaysia.

2. several approaches can be used to control water pollution:(a) Holding campaigns to prevent water pollution.

These campaigns educate the public on the dangers of water pollution and suggest ways to prevent water pollution.

(b) Rubbish should be placed in closed rubbish bin and disposed of in the designated dumps. They should not be thrown into drains, river or seas.

(c) The use of fertilisers, fungicides and pesticides must be controlled to reduce water pollution. Safer alternative methods such as biological control can be used in the agricultural sector.

(d) Recycling paper, plastic, glass and metals prevents these materials from ending up in drains and rivers.

(e) Waste products from factories have to be treated. This is to make sure that they are not harmful before they are disposed of into the public sewage system.

1. A factory that has caused water pollution must be responsible for its actions. It must pay compensation for the damages brought about by its activities.

2. Projects such as building hotels and rest house along beach areas to attract tourists may cause pollution of the seas and beaches. Therefore, a carefully planned construction strategy should be followed.

3. Cleaning agents that are used in homes are mostly petrochemical-based. These cleaning agents contain substances that can pollute the rivers and lakes. Today, cleaning agents without petrochemicals are available. The public should be encouraged to use these new cleaning agents.

4. In the agricultural sector, steps should be taken to reduce the use of pesticides, fungicides and fertilisers. These chemicals pollute the water.

5. To control pests, biological control methods can be used. For example, owls can be used to control rats which eat the oil palm fruit.

6. Educational programmes for the community should be carried out. This increases the public awareness of conserving water, reducing dangerous wastes and recycling to preserve water quality.

7. As part of the efforts to preserve water quality, recycling should be carried out. Wastes which can be recycled include old newspapers, glass, aluminium cans, old tyres and plastic.

8. We should make an effort to conserve and preserve water quality. The first step must come from us. We are the ones who determine the water quality in our country.

Surface WatersSurface waters are the natural water resources of the Earth. They are found on the exterior of the Earth's crust and include:Oceans Rivers Lakes These waters can become polluted in a number of ways, and this is called surface water pollution.

UndergroundA lot of the Earth's water is found underground in soil or under rock. Humans often use aquifers as a means to obtain drinking water, and build wells to access it. When this water becomes polluted it is called groundwater pollution. Groundwater pollution is often caused by pesticide contamination from the soil, this can infect our drinking water and cause huge problems.

MicrobiologicalMicrobiological water pollution is usually a natural form of water pollution caused by microorganisms.

Many types of microorganisms live in water and cause fish, land animals and humans to become ill. Microorganisms such as:

Bacteria Viruses Protozoa

ChemicalIndustrial and agricultural work involves the use of many different chemicals that can run-off into water and pollute it.

Metals and solvents from industrial work can pollute rivers and lakes. These are poisonous to many forms of aquatic life and may slow their development, make them infertile or even result in death. Pesticides are used in farming to control weeds, insects and fungi. Run-offs of these pesticides can cause water pollution and poison aquatic life. Subsequently, birds, humans and other animals may be poisoned if they eat infected fish.

NutrientNutrients are essential for plant growth and development. Many nutrients are found in wastewater and fertilisers, and these can cause excess weed and algae growth if large concentrations end up in water. This can contaminate drinking water and clog filters.

        Clearly, the problems associated with water pollution have the capabilities to disrupt life on our planet to a great extent. Congress has passed laws to try to combat water pollution thus acknowledging the fact that water pollution is, indeed, a serious issue. But the government alone cannot solve the entire problem.  It is ultimately up to us, to be informed, responsible and involved when it comes to the problems we face with our water.  We must become familiar with our local water resources and learn about ways for disposing harmful household wastes so they don’t end up in sewage treatment plants that can’t handle them or landfills not designed to receive hazardous materials.  In our yards, we must determine whether additional nutrients are needed before fertilizers are applied, and look for alternatives where fertilizers might run off into surface waters. We have to preserve existing trees and plant new trees and shrubs to help prevent soil erosion and promote infiltration of water into the soil.  Around our houses, we must keep litter, pet waste, leaves, and grass clippings out of gutters and storm drains.  These are just a few of the many ways in which we, as humans, have the ability to combat water pollution.  As we head into the 21st century, awareness and education will most assuredly continue to be the two most important ways to prevent water pollution.  If these measures are not taken and water pollution continues, life on earth will suffer severely.      Global environmental collapse is not inevitable. But the developed world must work with the developing world to ensure that new industrialized economies do not add to the world's environmental problems. Politicians must think of sustainable development rather than economic expansion. Conservation strategies have to become more widely accepted, and people must learn that energy use can be dramatically diminished without sacrificing comfort.  In short, with the technology that currently exists, the years of global environmental mistreatment can begin to be reversed.