13_kullgren.ppt
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TRANSCRIPT
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Crash recorders – opening up the box
Anders Kullgren
Head of road traffic safety research at Folksam
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acceleration (g)change of velocity (km/h)
time (ms)
Delta-V 52.1 km/hMean acc 12.6 gPeak acc 31.7 g
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• Why crash recorders?
• Potential applications
• Different types of recorders / running crash
recorder projects
• Examples of results
• Summary
Crash recorders - content
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Benefits of using crash recorders• Increased quality of accident data
– Increased accuracy of data– Possibility to use information previously not possible to obtain
• Better evaluation of new safety technology
• Knowledge of injury thresholds for the design of a crashworthy road transport system
• Better understanding of injury causes and injury mechanisms
• Influence on accident involvement risk?
• Useful from legal aspects (insurance)
• Information used for ”e-Call”systems
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Some applications• Pre-crash data to investigate collision causation
– Evaluation of active safety systems
• Crash data to investigate crashworthiness– Evaluation of interior safety systems
– Calculate injury risk versus impact severity
• Accident reconstruction minor injuries AIS1+ (n=278)moderate injuries AIS2+ (n=72)serious injuries AIS3+ (n=18)
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Ris
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Mean acceleration (g) N=452
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Furhter applications• Linking laboratory to real-life
crashes
– Reconstruction of occupant kinematics using advanced occupant simulation codes with real-life data, such as crash pulse and car characteristics, as input
– Calculate injury risk functions and injury tolerance levels
– Validation of injury criteria
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Symptoms > 1 m
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Nkm
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Types of crash recorders
• Purpose of the recorder – Research
– Legal aspects and accident involvement
• Pre crash, crash and post crash data
• Type of parameters recorded– Performance of the car
– Crash severity
– Driver behaviour
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Examples of running “large fleet” projects• Since 1990s - GM and Ford cars (more advanced in late
90s)
• Since 1995 - Volvo DARR in Volvo cars – approx 500.000
cars fitted
• Other manufacturers, Saab etc…
• Since 1992 - Folksam CPR project - 220.000 cars fitted
with Crash Pulse Recorders
• Since 1995 - UDS in Austria, Switzerland and Germany…
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Storage and availability of data
• Important that such data can be available for
research purposes
• Important for designers of both road infra-
structure and cars
• Who will have access to the data?
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Some examples of results from the Folksam crash recorder database
• Example of crash
• Exposure data
• Injury risk
• Evaluation of safety technology (airbag)
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Toyota Yaris – Saab 900 (old)
Minor injuries (clav. fracture)
Driver + front seat pass.fatally injured
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0 50 100 150
acceleration (g)change of velocity (km/h)
time (ms)
Delta-V 52.1 km/hMean acc 12.6 gPeak acc 31.7 g
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Number of crashes and injured - Delta-V
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No injury (n=174)AIS1 (n=206)AIS2 (n=54)AIS3+ (n=18)
No
inju
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Delta-V (km/h) n=452
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AIS1+ (n=278)AIS2+ (n=72)AIS3+ (n=18)
Ris
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Delta-V (km/h) n=452
Injury risk - Delta-V
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Influence of airbags on risk of whiplash injury in frontal impacts (1999 figures)
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Cars with airbags (n=88)
Cars without airbags (n=36)
Airbag deployment (n=88)
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peak acceleration (g)
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Summary
• Crash recorders are important
– for evaluation of new safety technology
– to get knowledge of injury thresholds for the
design of a crashworthy road transport system
• Important to encourage initiatives where
data can be available for research
institutes and governmental bodies
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Wider use
• A wider use of crash recorders or event data recorders is desirable. A mandatory fitment of such devices would help but is not necessary.
• It is important to ensure that data from recorders will be collected and stored in such a way that it is available to designers of both cars and road-side objects, and especially to the responsible bodies for the road transport system.