1

Tiziano Galassi(Phytosanitary Service)

DirezioneDirezione Generale AgricolturaGenerale Agricoltura

IPM in Emilia-RomagnaIPM in Emilia-Romagna

Bruxelles 2008

National system for integrated production quality: D.M. no. 2722 of 17 April 2008 (i.e. public system)

Voluntary certification of integrated production: UNI regulation no. 11233 of 3 May 2007 (i.e. private system)

National Committee for IPM (since 1997): verifies coherence of regional regulations with IPM principles and criteria

“National Guidelines for IPM” defined by the National Committee for IPM for 117 crops

IPM and the national contextIPM and the national contextIPM and the national contextIPM and the national context

National IPM “Principles and criteria” (EU Decision – Star Comitte No. C(96) 3864)

33

Evaluation of the need for intervention and choice of best time

Rationalisation of protection methods

Development of correct pest management based on two

decisions

Promotion of phytosanitary protection with reduced impact on man and the environment while allowing

for economically acceptable production

““EC Decision” - No. C(96) 3864 dated 30/12/96EC Decision” - No. C(96) 3864 dated 30/12/96

Principles and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPM

selectivity as regards beneficial organisms

carry-over effect and residues in produce

environmental aspects (negative effects on non-targeted organisms, water, land and persistence in the environment)

toxicological aspects (toxicological class risk phrases)

The limitation or ban of the use of certain phytosanitary products is dictated by:

risk of selecting resistant populations

Principles and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPM

6

R 40 Limited evidence of carcinogenic effectR 60 May impair fertilityR 61 May cause harm to unborn childR 62 Possible risk of impaired fertilityR 63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child R 68 Possible risk of irreversible effectsR 48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure

RISK PHRASES THAT LIMIT THE USE IN IPM

Principles and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPM

“National Guidelines for IPM”

IPM and the national contextIPM and the national contextIPM and the national contextIPM and the national context

www.politicheagricole.it/SviluppoRurale

Frame: “Linee Guida Nazionali Produzione Integrata”

2008-2009 – 15/09/2008

10

Emilia - Romagna RegionEmilia - Romagna RegionEmilia - Romagna RegionEmilia - Romagna Region

USE OF PESTICIDE IN EMILIA-ROMAGNA REGION

150.000 € Million

about 23 % of Italian pesticide market

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

Cereal

Forage

I ndustrial

Fruit

Grape

Vegetables

402.895 451.175

UAA : 1,101,524 haUAA : 1,101,524 ha

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heavy investment in research

specialist training of advisors

reorganisation of technical support

continuous devising of low environmental impact techniques

limited no. of farms and land involved:12,000 ha

IPM - backgroundIPM - backgroundIPM - backgroundIPM - background

From mid-1970s to early-1990s

13

reduction in advisor training schemes

direct financial support to farmers practicing IPM (agro-environmental measures and MCO - UE)

development of decision-support systems for advisors optimisation of support systems for advisors and farmers

IPM - backgroundIPM - backgroundIPM - backgroundIPM - background

From early-1990s onwards

MAIN CONCERNMAIN CONCERNOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

Social aspectProducer

AssociationMarketing Farms

Reduce environmental impact

Safeguard producers’ health

Safeguard consumers’ health

Controlled production quality

**

** *

**

*

15

IPM in Emilia-Romagna RegionIPM in Emilia-Romagna RegionIPM in Emilia-Romagna RegionIPM in Emilia-Romagna Region

Now:

Reg. CE n. 1698/2005 - Misura 214

Reg. CE n. 1580/2007 e 1234/2007

Regional Low - LL.RR. n. 28/99 e 28/99

First Period:

Regional Project

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Total estimated influence on 60-65% of horticultural land

fruit 29,122 hafruit 29,122 ha - - (44% of total)(44% of total)

vegetables 23,097 havegetables 23,097 ha – – (47% of total)(47% of total)

With contract: With contract: almost almost 150,000150,000 ha haabout about 15–20%15–20% of total UAA of total UAA

Estimated IPM areaEstimated IPM areaEstimated IPM areaEstimated IPM area

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IPMsystem

Research andexperimentation

Relations with industry

Coordination of technical supportSupport

systems for advisors

Technical support to farmers

Regulations for integrated

production

Relations withthe market

Components of IPM system Components of IPM system Components of IPM system Components of IPM system

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- Transfer of results: field visits internal meetings (at least 15 per year) public meetings (4-5 every year)

- Rapid implementation of innovations in the regional regulations for IPM with

immediate practical application

€ 1,150,000 for research in 2002 Now € 500,000 – 600,000

130 - 150 research programmes

IPM – Research IPM – Research IPM – Research IPM – Research

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Disease Criteria for disease control A.S Limitation of use

Phytophthorainfestans

Agronomic interventions:

- use of seedling tubers which are definitely healthy

- choice of varieties which are not very susceptible-elimination of plants born from seedling tubers that were left in the ground from previous years- wide rotations

- balanced manuring

- adequate sowing distance to avoid excessive density of plants and of the development of the aerial parts

Chemical interventions:

- first treatment when the environmental and cultivation conditions are favourable for infection (rain, fog, high relative humidity and temperature between 10 and 25°C)

- for the following applications you can either repeat them after 6-10 days depending on the persistence of the products used, or follow the evolution of the disease on the basis of climatic parameters

Copper productsDodinaFosetil Al+ Cu oxyclorideFluazinamCimoxanil (1)Metalaxil-M (2)Benalaxil (2)(Benalaxyl M(2)+Mancozeb)(7)Dimetomorf (3) Iprovalicarb (5)Zoxamide-Mancozeb (6)(7)Mancozeb (7)

(1) Maximum three times per year

 (2) Maximum three times per year with phenylamides only in Xi formulations

  (3) Maximum three times per year

  (5) Maximum three times per year

(6) Maximum three times per year

(7) Maximum three times per year. Suspend interventions 21 days before harvest.

Alternaria solani

Agronomic interventions:

- wide rotations

- use of healthy seedling tubers

Chemical interventions:

- specific interventions against this pathogen are only necessary in the case of infection of young plants as the anti-peronospora products usually used are also effective against early blight

Copper products

E.g.: Regulation on integrated protection of “Potato” against cryptogams

IPM Regional RegulationsIPM Regional Regulations IPM Regional RegulationsIPM Regional Regulations

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Reference documents for regional agro-environmental policies

Based on the results of research

Reference documents for stakeholder debates

0

10

20

30

40

Fruit

Vegetables

Arable crops

Seed crops

No. of crops with regional

regulations: 71

IPM Regional RegulationsIPM Regional Regulations IPM Regional RegulationsIPM Regional Regulations

• Land suitability • Rootstock choice• Choice of variety• Fertilisation• Irrigation• Soil tillage• Phyto-regulators• Pruning• Harvest conditions• Post-harvest management • Traceability information

IPM is integrated with other aspects

IPM and integrated productionIPM and integrated productionIPM and integrated productionIPM and integrated production

Setting the relationships respect for reciprocal roles max transparency of choices constant dialogue

Visits to field experiments and frequent meetings on emerging problems

Exchange of opinions when defining IPM regulations

An open day for the public and specific meetings with each agrochemical company

IPM and agrochemical industry IPM and agrochemical industry IPM and agrochemical industry IPM and agrochemical industry

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Regional level

Regional coordination of technical support and “emergency” management (at least 30 meetings per year)Provincial level (9 provinces)

Provincial coordination for the definition of communication programmes (at least 320 meetings per year) with 230 weekly provincial bulletins issued by:

leaflets SMS internet bulletins articles in local newspapers

IPM - Coordination groupIPM - Coordination groupIPM - Coordination groupIPM - Coordination group

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WEATHER

Service provided by the regional Agency for

environmental protection (Arpa): hourly

temperatures (definition of km 5x5),

forecast of temperatures for the next 3

days, precipitation forecast

IPM - Support platformsIPM - Support platformsIPM - Support platformsIPM - Support platforms

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More than 26,400 controlson 396 fields

Monitoring in 2006

IPM – Pests monitoring networkIPM – Pests monitoring networkIPM – Pests monitoring networkIPM – Pests monitoring network

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Cercospora della bietola Ruggine bruna del frumento Oidio del frumento Peronospora della cipolla Peronospora della patata Peronospora del pomodoro Ticchiolatura del melo Maculatura bruna del pero Colpo di fuoco batterico Peronospora della vite

Tignoletta della vite

Carpocapsa

Tignola orientale del

pesco

Eulia

Pandemis cerasana

Tignola del susino

Anarsia del pesco

Dorifora della patata

Psilla del pero

Afidi colture orticole

Liriomyza huidobrensis

Oidio della vite

Botrite della fragola

Bolla del pesco

Oidio del frumento

Septoria del frumento

Fusariosi del frumento

In use: 10

In use: 8

Being developed: 6

Being developed: 4

IPM - Forecast modelsIPM - Forecast modelsIPM - Forecast modelsIPM - Forecast models

Diseases

Insects

IPM - StaffIPM - StaffIPM - StaffIPM - Staff

Advisors (*) 395Coordinators (*)

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Support activities (public)

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(*) Private with money from

Region

Provincial coordination meetings:about 320 meetings per year

Integrated production bulletins:about 230 per year

Farms

leaflets internet, telephone local newspaper etc.

Regional coordination meetings:about 30 meetings per year

Farm monitoring, monitoring network and outputs of forecast models

Diffusion via

internet

Advisors’ visits

IPM – Communication planIPM – Communication planIPM – Communication planIPM – Communication plan

No price recognition for the ”integrated products”

The “integrated products” have allowed the market share to be maintained The “integrated products” have been niche products for quite a long time

Integrated production is now a pre-requisite for the large-scale retail trade

IPM - MarketIPM - MarketIPM - MarketIPM - Market

Serious problems caused by the German market

- are not based on shared assumptions- consider all pesticides as being equal, without differentiating their risk level for the farmers - accept the presence of residues only from a few pesticides, while for the others only accept zero residues despite it now being possible to measure very low levels of residues (i.e. ppb)

It does not recognise any added value to IPM production and that whenever possible less hazardous pesticides are used It has introduced limits on the pesticide residues which:

IPM - MarketIPM - MarketIPM - MarketIPM - Market

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PesticidesPesticides

According to the crop, 20-35% reduction in the amount used

Improved impact on humans and the environment:

- between 70 and 90% reduction in pesticides with high acute toxicity

- between 40 and 95% reduction in pesticides with high chronic toxicity

strict respect for residue limits

IPM – Some resultsIPM – Some resultsIPM – Some resultsIPM – Some results

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Totale B Nc+Xi Xn T

Impact evaluation of IPM programme(toxicity class of insecticides) 2003

Differences as % between IPM farms and traditional ones

Pear

Peach

Grape

4444

- training for PPP users (art.5 and 6)- mandatory education, training and certification for PPP users (art.5 and 6)- inspections of application equipment (art. 8)- basic level IPM (art. 13)- advances level IPM (art. 13)

Great interest in and agreement with the points that will be introduced by the new directive on sustainable pesticide use and

the regulation that will substitute 91/414/EEC:

IPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - Conclusions

4545

It is very important the application of the precautionary principle, as it has been in E-R in the last decades.

Advances level IPM (art. 13)

The application of the precautionary principle implies that, wherever is possible, lower human and environmental risk pesticide alternatives should be used when dealing with a plant protection problem.

Advanced level IPM programmes could be the context where the use of “candidates for substitution” is

limited

IPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - Conclusions

4646

IPM is synonymous with guaranteed quality, technical innovation and professionality.

- Research and experimentation

- Technical support systems

Because of this, as well as the political will expressed through a directive, financial support is

also necessary for:

- Independent and qualified advisors

IPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - Conclusions

……… for your attentionThanks