phytosanitary capacity evaluation

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PHYTOSANITARY CAPACITY EVALUATION

AS A TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND IPPC IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION TOOL

PCEPCEECECFF


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PCE - AIMS

* INITIALLY DEVELOPED BY NEW ZEALAND PRIMARILY INTENDED AS A TOOL TO ASSIST COUNTRIES TO MODERNIZE THEIR PHYTOSANITARY SYSTEM

* OTHER POTENTIAL USES:

* IPPC IMPLEMENTATION TOOL

* MUTUAL RECOGNITION TOOL


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MODERNIZATIONMODERNIZATION

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPACITY TO DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPACITY TO MEET THE INTERNATIONAL MEET THE INTERNATIONAL PHYTOSANITARY OBLIGATIONS OF A PHYTOSANITARY OBLIGATIONS OF A COUNTRY IN AN EFFICIENT AND COUNTRY IN AN EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE MANNERSUSTAINABLE MANNER


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PCE RATIONALE

THE CONTEMPORARY NEEDS OF A NATIONAL PHYTOSANITARY SYSTEM CAN BE ESTIMATED BY A MEASURE OF ITS CAPACITY TO MEET THE INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE COUNTRY IN AN EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE MANNERTHIS CAN BE MEASURED THROUGH AN INVENTORY OF THE FUNCTIONS AND RESOURCES THAT MUST BE AVAILABLE TO COMPLY WITH EACH ISPM AND WITH THE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF ACTIVITIES OF A PHYTOSANITARY SYSTEM


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1.1. COUNTRY BACKGROUND COUNTRY BACKGROUND INFORMATIONINFORMATION

2.2. PHYTOSANITARY LEGISLATION PHYTOSANITARY LEGISLATION

3.3. INSTITUTIONAL ISSUESINSTITUTIONAL ISSUES

4.4. PEST DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITIES PEST DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITIES

5.5. PEST RISK ANALYSIS PEST RISK ANALYSIS

6.6. SURVEILLANCE SURVEILLANCE

7.7. EXOTIC PEST RESPONSE EXOTIC PEST RESPONSE

8.8. INSPECTION SYSTEMS INSPECTION SYSTEMS

9.9. EXPORT CERTIFICATIONEXPORT CERTIFICATION

PCE – PRESENT CATEGORIES


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SECTIONS IN EACH CATEGORYSECTIONS IN EACH CATEGORY

1. NORMS OF REFERENCE

2. QUESTIONAIRE

3. SELF IMPROVEMENT

4. IDENTIFICATION OF STRENGTHS AND HIGH-PRIORITY WEAKNESSES

5. IDENTIFICATION OF REQUIRED ACTIONS


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PCE STRATEGYPCE STRATEGY

SELF DIAGNOSTICSELF DIAGNOSTIC

REVERSION OF THE TRADIREVERSION OF THE TRADITTIONAL ROLIONAL ROLEE OFOF THE INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS THE INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS (MORE (MORE FACILITATORS) FACILITATORS) VS. NATIONAL CONSULTANTSVS. NATIONAL CONSULTANTS

(MORE EXPERTS)(MORE EXPERTS) INTERNATIONAL SUPPORTINTERNATIONAL SUPPORT

FAO- OFFICER SPECIALIST

INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS

NATIONAL GROUPNATIONAL GROUPNATIONAL EXPERTS

NATIONAL TEAMNATIONAL TEAM

REPRESENTATION OF THE NATIONAL SYSTEM


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CLASSIFICATION OF THE OUTCOMES OF PCE

A.NATURE OF THE LIMITING FACTOR

- LEGISLATION (L)

- DOCUMENTED PROCEDURES AND TRAINING (P)

- INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT (E)

B.KIND OF ASSISTANCE REQUIRED

- NATIONAL COORDINATION

- TECHNICAL COOPERATION

- INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT INVESTMENTS


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PCE AS A TECHNICAL PCE AS A TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOOLASSISTANCE TOOL

INVOLVES THE SELF-DIAGNOSTIC OF INVOLVES THE SELF-DIAGNOSTIC OF NATIONAL WEAKNESSES AND THE NATIONAL WEAKNESSES AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITIES BY A IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITIES BY A NATIONAL GROUP OF EXPERTS WITH NATIONAL GROUP OF EXPERTS WITH VALIDATION A THE NATIONAL LEVEL, VALIDATION A THE NATIONAL LEVEL, THEREBY PROMOTING NATIONAL THEREBY PROMOTING NATIONAL AWARENESS AND CONSENSUSAWARENESS AND CONSENSUS

REVERT THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL REVERT THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANT TO BE A FACILITATOR WITH CONSULTANT TO BE A FACILITATOR WITH EXPERTISE RATHER THAN AN EXPERT IN EXPERTISE RATHER THAN AN EXPERT IN DIAGNOSTICDIAGNOSTIC


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** PCE FOCUSES THE ATTENTION PCE FOCUSES THE ATTENTION OF THE NATIONAL EXPERTS ON THE OF THE NATIONAL EXPERTS ON THE IMPORTANT ISSUES AND IMPORTANT ISSUES AND FACILITATES THE ANALYSISFACILITATES THE ANALYSIS

** CONTRIBUTE TO MINIMIZING CONTRIBUTE TO MINIMIZING THE VARIATION AMONG THE THE VARIATION AMONG THE JUDGMENTS OF EXPERTS FACING JUDGMENTS OF EXPERTS FACING THE SAME SITUATIONTHE SAME SITUATION


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PCE CAN BE USED AS A CROSS PCE CAN BE USED AS A CROSS DISCIPLINARY STRATEGIC TOOL DISCIPLINARY STRATEGIC TOOL IN RELATION WITH THE IN RELATION WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPS/WTOSPS/WTO


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PLANT PROTECTION

ANIMAL HEALTH

FOOD SAFETY

LEGISLATION

RISK ANALYSIS

SURVEILLANCE

CERTIFICATION

INSPECTION

DIAGNOSTIC

INSTITUTIONAL

EXOTIC PEST

SYSTEMIC VISION

SIMETRYS ANS ASIM.

STRATEGIC PLAN

N.A.P.-LOGICAL FRAME

PROJECT PORTFOLIOIN

TERDISCIP

LINARY

ANALISIS

DISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS

THEMATIC ANALYIS

NATIONAL NATIONAL GROUPGROUP

NATIONAL NATIONAL TEAMTEAM

REGIONAL ANALYSIS

CR

ON

OG

RA

M


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PCE AS A DIAGNOSTIC ANDPCE AS A DIAGNOSTIC ANDIPPC IMPLEMENTATION IPPC IMPLEMENTATION

EVALUATION TOOLEVALUATION TOOL

OUTCOMES OF THE PCE APPLICATION OUTCOMES OF THE PCE APPLICATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ( 2001-IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ( 2001-

2002)2002)IN IN CLOSE COOPERATIONCLOSE COOPERATION IPPC/FAO-TCP IPPC/FAO-TCP

RESULTS FROM 30 COUNTRIES IN:RESULTS FROM 30 COUNTRIES IN:AFRICAAFRICAASIA, ASIA, SOUTH AMERICA (ANDEAN AND CARICOM REGIONS), SOUTH AMERICA (ANDEAN AND CARICOM REGIONS), EUROPEEUROPE


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PRIORITIES/CATEGORY/MODULE

1rst 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

INSTITUTIONAL

LEGISLATION

EXPORT CERTIFICATION

DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITY

EXOTIC PEST RESPONSE

PEST RISK ANALYSIS

INSPECTION

PEST SURVEILLANCE

PEST FREE AREAS

L = LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES

P= DOCUMENTED PROCEDURES, AND TRAINING

E= FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT


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INSTITUTIONAL L

LEGISLATION L

EXPORT CERTIFICATION L,P

DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITY L,P

EXOTIC PEST RESPONSE L

PEST RISK ANALYSIS L

INSPECTION L,P

PEST SURVEILLANCE P

PEST FREE AREAS P





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INSTITUTIONAL L L

LEGISLATION L L

EXPORT CERTIFICATION L,P L

DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITY L,P L

EXOTIC PEST RESPONSE L P

PEST RISK ANALYSIS L P

INSPECTION L,P P

PEST SURVEILLANCE P P

PEST FREE AREAS P P





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INSTITUTIONAL L L L

LEGISLATION L L P

EXPORT CERTIFICATION L,P L E

DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITY L,P L E

EXOTIC PEST RESPONSE L P P

PEST RISK ANALYSIS L P P

INSPECTION L,P P P

PEST SURVEILLANCE P P P

PEST FREE AREAS P P P





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INSTITUTIONAL L L L L

LEGISLATION L L P L

EXPORT CERTIFICATION L,P L E L,P

DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITY L,P L E P,E

EXOTIC PEST RESPONSE L P P P

PEST RISK ANALYSIS L P P E

INSPECTION L,P P P P

PEST SURVEILLANCE P P P P,E

PEST FREE AREAS P P P P





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INSTITUTIONAL L L L L L

LEGISLATION L L P L L

EXPORT CERTIFICATION L,P L E L,P E

DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITY L,P L E P,E L,P,E

EXOTIC PEST RESPONSE L P P P P

PEST RISK ANALYSIS L P P E L,P

INSPECTION L,P P P P E

PEST SURVEILLANCE P P P P,E P

PEST FREE AREAS P P P P P





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MAIN LIMITING FACTORSMAIN LIMITING FACTORSPRIORITY ORDERPRIORITY ORDER

1.1. PROMOTE PUBLIC AND POLITICAL AWARENESSPROMOTE PUBLIC AND POLITICAL AWARENESS2.2. REVIEW AND UPGRADE NATIONAL LEGISLATIONREVIEW AND UPGRADE NATIONAL LEGISLATION3.3. IMPROVEMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS IMPROVEMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS

(SUSTAINABILITY)(SUSTAINABILITY)4.4. DEVELOP REGULATORY FRAMEWORKDEVELOP REGULATORY FRAMEWORK5.5. IMPLEMENT OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENT OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT

PROCEDURESPROCEDURES6.6. TRAINING AND IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL SKILLSTRAINING AND IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL SKILLS7.7. IMPROVEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL/REGIONAL IMPROVEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL/REGIONAL

PARTICIPATIONPARTICIPATION8.8. IMPROVEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND IMPROVEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND

EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT


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TRADITIONAL vs TRADITIONAL vs MODERN TECHNICAL MODERN TECHNICAL

ASSISTANCEASSISTANCENEEDSNEEDS 1. RECOGNITION OF THE NATIONAL

SYSTEM

2. IMPROVEMENT OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION

3. IMPROVEMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS (SUSTAINABILITY)

4. IMPROVEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL/REG. PARTICIPATION

5. IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL SKILLS

6. IMPROVEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE

BEFORE

SPSAFTER

SPS

NO MORE WHITE

ELEPHANTS?


Slide 22 THE ROLE OF NPPO IN THE NATIONAL THE ROLE OF NPPO IN THE NATIONAL PHYTOSANITARY SYSTEM AND THE FACILITATION PHYTOSANITARY SYSTEM AND THE FACILITATION

OF SAFE TRADEOF SAFE TRADE

PRODUCTION PROCESSING TRADE

PRODUCTION – COMMERCIALIZATION CHAIN

NPPO

EXPORT MARKET ACCESS

IMPORTS

EXPORT CERTIFICATIONIMPORT VERIFICATION

PHYTOSANITARY

IMPROVEMENT

MAMEFSTATE GOVT.

CUSTOMS

RESEARCH

EDUCATION

PRODUCERS

CONSUMERS

IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERSPROFESSIONAL

SNATIONAL ECONOMIC

POLICY

FREE-TRADE

WTO-IPPC

FOREIGN AFFAIRS

PORT AUTH.


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LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION

• GENERAL OBSOLECENCE IN RELATION WITH SPS/WTO AND NRT-IPPC

• COUNTRY OBLIGATIONS AND NPPO FUNCTIONS NOT ADDRESSED IN THE ACTS

• LACK OF LEGAL POWERS TO SEIZE AND SEARCH

•NO OBLIGATION FOR THE CUSTOMS TO REPORT WITH NPPO

• LACK OF SPECIFIC MANDATE TO PERFORM PRA

• FRAGMENTATION OF THE AUTHORITY (FUNCTIONS SCATTERED AMONG SEVERAL ORGANIZATIONS)


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LEGISLATION (Cont)LEGISLATION (Cont)

LACK OF PROVISIONS FOR AN EMERGENCY LACK OF PROVISIONS FOR AN EMERGENCY EXOTIC PEST RESPONSE FUNDEXOTIC PEST RESPONSE FUND

• LACK OF PROVISIONS FOR PARTICIPATION LACK OF PROVISIONS FOR PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOROF THE PRIVATE SECTOR

• NO PREVISIONS FOR ACCREDITATIONNO PREVISIONS FOR ACCREDITATION• OVERLAPPING OF THE NATIONAL AND SUB-OVERLAPPING OF THE NATIONAL AND SUB-

NATIONAL AUTHORITIESNATIONAL AUTHORITIES• LACK OF SPECIFICATION ABOUT THE LACK OF SPECIFICATION ABOUT THE

PROCEDURES FOR THE ADOPTION OF PROCEDURES FOR THE ADOPTION OF PHYTOSANITARY REQUIREMENTSPHYTOSANITARY REQUIREMENTS

PENALTIES AND FEES RATHER WEEKPENALTIES AND FEES RATHER WEEK


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INSTITUTIONAL ISSUESINSTITUTIONAL ISSUES

FRAGMENTATION OF THE AUTHORITY, FRAGMENTATION OF THE AUTHORITY, (BETWEEN MINISTRIES, INSIDE THE (BETWEEN MINISTRIES, INSIDE THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, BETWEEN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL THE NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL GOVs)GOVs)

LACK OF COST RECOVERY POLICIESLACK OF COST RECOVERY POLICIES SALARIES NOT ENOUGHT COMPETITIVESALARIES NOT ENOUGHT COMPETITIVE NPPOs ORGANIZED by PRODUCT AND NPPOs ORGANIZED by PRODUCT AND

NOT by FUNCTIONS AND PROGRAMSNOT by FUNCTIONS AND PROGRAMS LACK OF REGULAR TRAINING LACK OF REGULAR TRAINING

PROGRAMSPROGRAMS


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Institutional Issues (cont)Institutional Issues (cont)

LACK OF A SPECIAL UNIT IN CHARGE OF LACK OF A SPECIAL UNIT IN CHARGE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRSINTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

LACK OF TRAINED MANAGERS IN CHARGE OF LACK OF TRAINED MANAGERS IN CHARGE OF NATIONAL PROGRAMSNATIONAL PROGRAMS

SERVICES UNDERSTAFFED – MULTITASKING SERVICES UNDERSTAFFED – MULTITASKING (INSPECTORS CONDUCT PRA, PERFORM PEST (INSPECTORS CONDUCT PRA, PERFORM PEST DIAGNOSTIC IN LABS AND DO INSPECTIONS DIAGNOSTIC IN LABS AND DO INSPECTIONS AT THE POINTS OF ENTRY)AT THE POINTS OF ENTRY)

NO DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC NO DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC AND MANAGEMENT STAFFING PATTERNSAND MANAGEMENT STAFFING PATTERNS


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DOCUMENTED PROCEDURESDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES LACK OF DOCUMENTED PROCEDURES AND MANAGERS LACK OF DOCUMENTED PROCEDURES AND MANAGERS

FORFOR

– SURVEILLANCESURVEILLANCE– PEST LISTINGPEST LISTING– PRAPRA– EXPORT CERTIFICATIONEXPORT CERTIFICATION– INSPECTIONINSPECTION– PEST DIAGNOSTICPEST DIAGNOSTIC– EXOTIC PEST RESPONSEEXOTIC PEST RESPONSE– PFA, PLACES AND SITESPFA, PLACES AND SITES

LACK OF OPERATIONAL MANUALSLACK OF OPERATIONAL MANUALS LACK OF INTERNAL AUDIT SYSTEMSLACK OF INTERNAL AUDIT SYSTEMS LACK OF COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMSLACK OF COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMS


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FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTFACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

INSPECTION FACILITIES AT POINTS OF ENTRYINSPECTION FACILITIES AT POINTS OF ENTRY LABORATORY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTLABORATORY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT INCINERATORS AND SCANNING EQUIPMENTINCINERATORS AND SCANNING EQUIPMENT LIBRARYLIBRARY CUMPUTER SYSTEMS (NET)CUMPUTER SYSTEMS (NET) GLASHOUSES AND SCRENHOUSESGLASHOUSES AND SCRENHOUSES


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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

PCE RESULTS SHOWS THAT PCE RESULTS SHOWS THAT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SUFFER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SUFFER INTRINSIC DIFFICULTIES IN THE INTRINSIC DIFFICULTIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IPPC AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IPPC AND ASSOCIATED STANDARDS. ASSOCIATED STANDARDS.

THE TRADITIONAL TECHNICAL THE TRADITIONAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ARE NOT THE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ARE NOT THE MOST ADEQUATE TOOLS TO RESOLVE MOST ADEQUATE TOOLS TO RESOLVE THOSE DIFFICULTIESTHOSE DIFFICULTIES


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• ADDITIONALLY, AND DUE TO THE LACK OF SPECIFIC ISPMs UNDER IPPC (DIFFERENTIAL SITUATION WITH CODEX AND OIE), IPPC MEMBERS NEARLY ALWAYS NEED TO JUSTIFY THEIR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES THROUGH PRA

• THE COMBINED EFFECT OF THE SPECIAL DIFFICULTIES TO IMPLEMENT GENERIC ISPMs AND THE LACK OF SPECIFIC ISPMs UNDER THE IPPC SEEMS TO BE PROVOKING A “DOMINO “ EFFECT ON CERTAIN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, WITH THE FINAL RESULT BEING A REDUCTION IN THEIR ABILITY TO COMPETE GLOBALLY


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DOMINO EFFECTDOMINO EFFECT

NO SURVEILLANCENO SURVEILLANCE

NO PEST LISTINGNO PEST LISTING

NO PEST CATEGORIZATIONNO PEST CATEGORIZATION

NO PEST RISK ANALYSISNO PEST RISK ANALYSIS

LACK OF SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION FOR LACK OF SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION FOR PHYTOSANITARY REQUIREMENTSPHYTOSANITARY REQUIREMENTS


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What next?What next?

PCE is a useful PCE is a useful diagnosticdiagnostic and strategic and strategic planning tool:planning tool:– Keep PCE updatedKeep PCE updated– Generalize its use to other phytosanitary TA Generalize its use to other phytosanitary TA

programs beyond the TCP/FAO.programs beyond the TCP/FAO.– Expand its applications to food safety and animal Expand its applications to food safety and animal

health.health. Develop new additional TA toolsDevelop new additional TA tools

– Legislation guidelinesLegislation guidelines– Computerized information management Computerized information management

procedures.procedures. Coordinate inter-agency TA programsCoordinate inter-agency TA programs


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phytosanitary capacity evaluation

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