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– s?0ff hf]zLdf ]/ªdf ]/ªdf ]/ªdf ]/ªdf ]/ª

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;d/]vf å}dfl;s klxnf] c+s x]bf{Dofulhg :t/Lo nfUof] . df]km;ndf ul/Psf]k|of; ;/fxgLo 5 . Dofulhgn] dlxnfsf]ljljw cfofd / If]q ;d]6\g] k|of; u/]sf] 5 .kf7s;fd' dlxnfsf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] j:t'ut

ljZn]if0f k:s]sf] 5 .se/ :6f]/L, :jf:Yo,Go fo , n } + l uslx+;fla?4 !^ lbg]cleofgsf] Oltxf;,ax; h:tf :tDecToGt} /fd|f 5g\ .cfufdL c+s cem}kl/:s[t kl/dflh{t?kd f c fpgz 'es fdg f lbgrfxG5' .

dnfO{ nfu]sf]Dofulhgdf s]xL;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fx?klg 5g\ . lkmr/,n ]v ; lsPsf ]hfgsf/L lbg] s'g}km'n:6k of s'g} lrGxg/fVbf Ps csf]{;Fuld l;Psf ] h:tf ]n f Uo f ] . Pp6 }JolQmsf PseGbfa9L /rgf /fVg'eGbfcGonfO{ :yfg lb+bfpk'Qm x'G5 ls h:tf]n f U5 . To:t }t:jL/df ;|f]t pNn]vug{ 5'6]sf] b]lvof] .oL s'/fx?df ljrf/

k'¥ofP/ cfufdL c+s cem k7gLo ?kdf x]g{kfOof];\ eGg rfxG5' .

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sfdgf ub{5' . cfzf 5 o;n] sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|tDofu]lhgsf nflu Pp6f r'gf}tL lbFb} ldl8ofdfgofF b[li6sf]0f :yflkt ug]{5 . ;d/]vfnfO{;/;tL{ x]bf{ ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs Gofosfnflu dlxnfx?sf] cfjfh ;d]l6Psf] kfP .

csf]{ s'/f g]kfnsf] dWoklZrdbfªsf] cj:yfnfO{ k"jL{ g]kfnsf] pbok'/af6lgofNg] cj;/ kfPF . klxnf]k6s lgl:sPsf];d/]vfsf] Pp6f t:jL/dfkm{t dlxnfx?sf]bf]xf]/f] sfo{af]emnfO{ lgofNg] ca;/ kfP .Pp6L dlxnf b"wd'v] aRrf Rofk]/ ef]s ltvf{cK7]/f] gegL >d ul//x]sf]] 5 . Tof] t:jL/n]g]kfnL dlxnfsf] cj:yf emNsfpg ;Ifd ePsf]kfPF . t:jL/sf] ;fydf pgsf] hLjgsfef]ufO{nfO{ ;d]6]/ l/kf]6{ agfP cem /fd|f] x'g]cfzf /fVb5' .

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Od][email protected]

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n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs Gofosf nflu

cf7cf7cf7cf7cf7 dfr{sf] ;Gb]z / xfd|f] bfloTjdfr{sf] ;Gb]z / xfd|f] bfloTjdfr{sf] ;Gb]z / xfd|f] bfloTjdfr{sf] ;Gb]z / xfd|f] bfloTjdfr{sf] ;Gb]z / xfd|f] bfloTjdlxnf clwsf/ cfGbf]ngsf] ;Gbe{df cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf

lbj;sf] ljlzi6 dxTj /x]sf] 5 . xfdL !)@ cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnflbj; dgfpg] qmddf 5f}+ . cf}krfl/s ?kdf ! ;o b'O{ jif{klxn] b]lv cf7dfr{nfO{ ;Demg] ul/P klg Tof] eGbf w]/} klxn]b]lv ljZjsf dlxnfx?n];dfg clwsf/sf] nflu ;+3if{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . cf7 dfr{sf] ;+3if{zLnk/Dk/fnfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ cfGbf]ngsf] cu'jfO{ ug]{ tTsflng dlxnfx?n]cfGbf]ngdf ;zQm eP/ nfUg cfXjfg u/]b]lv g} cf7 dfr{sf] uf}/jk"0f{Oltxf;nfO{ ljZje/sf pTkLl8t >lds dlxnfx?n] k|]/0ff / phf{sf] ;|f]tsf]?kdf lng] u/]sf 5g\ .

cf7 dfr{sf] o;jif{sf] /fli6«o gf/f …dlxnf lx+;f cGTo u/f}+, z"Go;lxi0f'tf sfod u/f}+Ú /x]sf] 5 . o;n] g]kfndf dlxnfla?4 x'g] lx+;f k|d'vr'gf}tLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . OG;]s jif{ k':ts @)!@ cg';f/ ;g\@)!! df dfq} g]kfndf 3/]n' lx+;fsf] sf/0f %$ hgf / bfOhf]sf] sf/0f !#hgf dlxnfn] Hofg u'dfP . OG;]ssf] tYof+sn] of] jif{ dlxnf / aflnsfu/L Ps xhf/ @& hgf lx+;faf6 kLl8t ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 . oL afx]s k|x/Lk|zf;g / ;+3;+:yfsf] tYof+sn] klg dlxnfla?4 lx+;fsf] a9\bf] cj:yfb]vfpF5g\ . lbgx'F ;dfrf/ aGg] g]kfnL dlxnfn] ef]lu/x]sf ;d:ofx? x]g]{xf] eg] cfh klg pgLx? dWoo'uLg aa{/tf ;xg afWo 5g\ . st} af]S;Lsf]gfddf, st} bfOhf]sf] jxfgfdf t st} ljleGg cf/f]kdf . a9\bf] 3/]n' lx+;f,ljleGg If]qdf dlxnfx?dfly eO/x]sf lje]b, sfo{:yndf x'g] lx+;f, sfdsf]kfl/>ldsdf leGgtf, dlxnf clwsf/sf] nflu af]Ng]x?dfly al9/x]sf]c;'/Iffsf] cj:yf cflbn] g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] jf:tljs cj:yfsf] P]gfb]vfpF5

xf], lx+hf]eGbf cfh dlxnfx?sf] sfo{If]q km/flsnf] ePsf] 5 .lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L, ;xeflutf nufotsf ljljw kIfsf cfFs8fn]dlxnfsf] cj:yfdf lj:tf/} ;'wf/ x'Fb} cfPsf] b]vfpF5 . of] qmdnfO{ s;/La9fpg] / s;/L dlxnfx?sf] lx+;fd'Qm hLjgsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug]{ eGg]r'gf}tL xfd|f cufl8 5 . qmdzM ePsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ ePs} 5 eg]/ a:g]l:ylt x'g'x'Fb}g . kl/jt{g t ;dfh ljsf;sf] lgod g} xf] o;nfO{ s;}n]/f]S5' eg]/ /f]Sg ;Sb}g . ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] ultnfO{ kv{]/ xf]Og, cu'jfx?n];dfh ljsf;sf] ultnfO{ tLa|tf k|bfg ub}{ ;xL lbzflgb]{z ug'{ cfjZos5 . lx+hf] sxfF lyof}+ eg]/ ;Gtf]if dfg]/ a:g] a]nf of] xf]Og . cfhsf]ljZjnfO{ x]/]/ dlxnf sxfF 5f}+ eGg] ljZn]if0f ub}{ ;dfgtf, ;'Gb/ lje]bd'Qm;dfh lgdf0f{sf] nIo xfl;n ug{ ;a} h'6\g'k5{ . cf7 dfr{sf] ;+3if{zLnk/Dk/fnfO{ :d/0f ub}{ ;dfgtf k|flKtsf] cfGbf]ngdf x/]s jfb / 3]/faf6dfly p7]/ ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx? h'6\g' cfjZos 5 . of] cleofgdf ;r]tk'?ifx?sf] P]Soj4tf / ;xsfo{sf] klg plQs} h?/L 5 . cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;sf] o; cj;/df n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs Gofosf kIfkftL ;Dk"0f{ kf7sju{df xflb{s z'esfdgf .


k'?if;/x ;dfg sfdsf] ;dfgHofnf kfpg'k5{ eGb} >lds dlxnfx?n] cfjfhp7fPsf] Ps ;o %^ jif{ gfl3;Sof] t/g]kfnL >lds dlxnfx?n] cem};Dd ;dfgsfdsf] ;dfg Hofnf kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{ zx/sf] sk8f sf/vfgfdfsfd ug]{ >lds dlxnfx?n] ;g\ !*%^ dfr{* sf lbg ;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnfsf]dfu ub}{ ;a}eGbf klxn] cfjfh p7fPsf]Oltxf; kl9/xFbf xfd|f] ;Gbe{df 8]9;o a9Ljif{kl5 klg >lds dlxnfx?n] ;/sf/;Fu;dfg Hofnf kfpg'kg]{ dfu ub}{ cfGbf]ngug'{kl//x]sf] 5 .

e]befj / zf]if0fsf] cGTo, ;dfggful/s x'g'sf] clwsf/ k|fKt ug{sf nflug]kfndf klg 7"n7"nf /fhgLlts kl/jt{geP . x/]s kl/jt{gnfO{ lg0ff{os agfpgdxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf v]Ng] of] ju{n] eg] cfh klgcfkm"n] sfd u/]sf] >dsf] Go"gtd d"No ;d]tgkfPsf] l:ylt 5 . 3f]/fxL s6'jfvf]nf ju/dflu§L s'6]/ b}lgsL rnfO/x]sL jLgf g]kfnLb}lgs n]a/ sfd ubf{ sd Hofnf kfPsf]u'gf;f] ul5{g\ .

…;ls g;sL l;d]G6, O{6f af]Sof],afn'jf rfNof], Hofnf kfpg] a]nf k'?ifn] #))kfpFbf cfkm\gf] @%) dfq x'G5 .Ú b}lgs n]a/sfd ubf{sf] kL8f kf]Vb} g]kfnL elG5g\,…t}klg7]s]bf/ /fd|f] k¥of] eg] ToxL Hofnf klgkfOG5 . gq sfd u¥of], Hofnf lbg]a]nf7]s]bf/n] ;lhn} lbFb}g . sfd u/]sf] d"NogkfpFbf xfdLdfly cGofo ePsf] 5 .Ú ;fFemlaxfgsf] 5fs 6fg{ ;d:of kg]{ jtfpg] g]kfnLPp6} sfd ubf{ klg k'?ifsf] bfFhf]df sdHofnf kfpFbf / Hofnfdf 7luFbf Gofo dfUghfg] 7fpF sxfF xf] yfxf gePsf] atfpFl5g\ .

lgdf{0f If]qdf sfd ug]{ dhb'/sf]dfq xf]Og s[lif dhb'/sf] l:ylt klg p:t}5 . kl5Nnf] k6s s[lif dhb'/sf nflutf]lsPsf] Go"gtd @ ;o %) ?k}of b}lgsHofnf ;f] If]qdf sfd ug]{ dlxnfn] eg]kfpFb}gg\ . dlxnfnfO{ k'?ifsf] eGbf $)÷%)?k}of sd Hofnf lbg] rng k|foM ;a}lt/

cfj/0f

b]lvG5 . d'Qm sd}of dlxnf ;dfhsL s]lGb|o;b:o /fdjf;L rf}w/L elG5g\, …>lds dlxnfrfx] Tof] lgdf{0f If]qdf sfd ug]{ xf]pg\ ofs[lif If]qdf, k'?if;Fu a/fa/L Hofnf kfpFb}gg\ .Ú>lds dlxnfx? k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf sfd a];Lug]{ t/ Hofnf sd kfpg] u/]sf] jtfpFl5g\/fdjf;L .

>lds dlxnfx?n] ;dfg HofnfgkfPsf] eGb} sd}of dlxnf hfu/0f ;dfhn]xfn} dlxnfsf] ;dfg tyf Gofof]lrt Hofnf,dhb'/nfO{ ;+ul7t ug'{kg]{, Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f;ldltdf >ldssf] k|ltlglwTj, kl/rokqsf]Joj:yf, Hofnf b//]6af/] dhb'/nfO{ ;';"lrtug]{ Joj:yfsf] dfu ub}{ lhNnf k|zf;gsf]Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] lyof] . -x]g'{xf];\ aS;df_

To;f] t lhNnfdf dlxnf k'?ifn]Hofnf s] slt kfpg] eGg] s'/f lhNnf:t/sf]Pp6f ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f ug]{ ub{5 . k|d'vlhNnf clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf /x]sf] of];ldltn] jflif{s ?kdf Psk6s >ldsx?sf]Go"gtd Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ug]{ u5{ .cfly{s jif{ @)^*÷)^(sf] nflu ;ldltn] bIf>ldssf] k|ltlbg $ ;o $), cw{bIf >lds# ;o !) /cbI f s ' Nn LHofdLsf] @ ;o%) lgw f { / 0 fu/]sf] 5 . To:t}s [ l i f >dnfO {s8f / ;fdfGou/L b'O{k|sf/sf]Hofnf lgwf{/0fu/ ]s f ] 5 .s[lifdf s8f >dug]{sf] k|ltlbg #;o / ;fdfGosf]@ ;o %)lgwf{/0f u/]sf]5 . ;ldltn]lgw f { / 0 f u/ ]adf ] lhd ;a }>ldsn] Hofnf

kfpg'kg]{ jtfpF5g\ ;ldltsf cWoIf tyf k|d'vlhNnf clwsf/L u]xgfy e08f/L . rngrNtLdfdlxnfsf] nflu k'?ifeGbf $)÷%) ?k}of sdlbg] rng /x]sf] k|lhc e08f/L klg :jLsf5{gt/ of] s'/fnfO{ Hofnf gkfPsf] JolQmn] g}bfaL ug'{k5{ . …sd Hofnf kfPdf >ldsdlxnfn] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf lnlvtlgj]bg lbg ;S5g\ .Ú k|lhc e08f/L eG5g\,…lhNnf k|zf;gn] csf]{kIfnfO{ af]nfP/ Hofnfe/fOlbg;S5 .Ú

Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] bIf,cw{bIf / cbIf tyf s8f / ;fdfGo u/L>dnfO{ jlu{s[t u/]/ Hofnfb/ lgwf{/0f u5{ .t/ sfddf nufpg]x? cbIf / ;fdfGosfnflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd Hofnfb/d} ;Lldtx'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . >ldsx?nfO{ klg cfkm"bIf, cw{bIf jf cbIf s'g txsf] >ldssf]?kdf sfd ub}{5' eGg] yfxf gx'g] / sfdgkfOg] xf] ls eGg] 8/n] sfd lbg]x? lj?4v'n]/ af]Ng g;Sbf >lds dlxnfx?sf] ;d:of;dfwfg x'g g;s]sf] >d If]q x]g]{ JolQmx?atfpF5g\ .


;]jfdf tf]lsPsf] tnadf dlxnf / k'?ifsfnflu km/s 5}g t/ cGo ;'ljwf lng] qmddfdlxnfx? ;Fw} k5fl8 kfl/g] u/]sf] u'gf;f]dlxnfx? u5{g\ . sfo{:yndf x'g] lx+;fdlxnfx?sf] nflu csf]{ 7"nf] r'gf}tLsf] ljifoag]sf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/Lleq xfn} ul/Psf]Pp6f cWoogn] sfo{:yndf dlxnfdfly lx+;fx'g]u/]sf] tYo ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . o;n]cGo If]q klg o:tf] lx+;faf6 c5'tf] g/x]sf]b ]vfp F5 . >lds dlxnfsf lj lzi6;d:ofx?dWo] sfo{ynf]df x'g] b'Jo{jxf/,c;dfg Hofnf, sfdsf] sd cj;/, c;'/lIftjftfj/0f h:tf ;d:ofx? klxrfg u/]sf]dhb''/x?sf] ;+o'Qm ;+u7g ;+o'Qm 6«]8 o'lgog;dGjo s]Gb| - h]l6o"l;l; _ dlxnf ljefusfk|ltlglwx? jtfpF5g\ . t/ oL ;d:of xnug{ h]l6o"l;l;n] vf;} k|efjsf/L kxn gu/]sf]pgLx?sf] egfO{ 5 .s] ub}{5g\ 6]«8 o'lgog <

ljleGg If]qdf sfd ug]{ sfdbf/tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] xs, clwsf/, ;'ljwf /;'/IffnfO{ Jojl:yt u/fpg >ldsx?sf];+u7gx? u7g ePsf 5g\ . ljleGg/fhgLlts bnsf hgjuL{o ;+u7gsf] ?kdful7t oL 6«]8 o'lgogx?sf] ;femf ;+:yf klgs]Gb|df u7g ePsf] 5 . ;ftj6f 6]«8 o'lgogdxf;+3x?sf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] ;+o'Qm 6]«8o'lgog ;dGjo s]Gb| -h]l6o"l;l;_ sf];/sf/sf] >d ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltdf klgk|ltlglwTj /x]sf] 5 t/ >lds dlxnfx?n]lbgx'F v]k]sf o:tf ;d:of xn ug{ 6]«8o ' lgogx?sf ] vf;} k |of; b]lvFb }g .Hofnfb//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltdf >d ;+u7gx?sf]k|ltlglwTj, lhNnfdf >d sfof{nosf] :yfkgf,>d;DaGwL ;fdflhs ;Djfbsf] yfngL, >ldsr]tgf nufotsf dfu /fv]/ h]l6o"l;l;n]lg/Gt/ cfjfh p7fO/x]sf] jtfpF5g\ h]l6o"l;;Lsfo{;Dkfbg ;ldltsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+dWoklZrd cWoIf ad axfb'/ l8=;L= . >d />lds clwsf/;Fu ;Da4 ;+/rgfx?lhNnftx;Dd lj:tf/ u/fpg ;/sf/;Fu lg/Gt/jftf{ ul//x]sf] atfpF5g\ l8=;L= . >ldsdlxnfsf ljlzi6 d'2fsf nflu dlxnf ljefun];d:of klxrfg u/]sf] / sfof{Gjog txdf/x]sf] pgsf] egfO{ 5 .

lhNnf:t/df ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg]

u]xgfy e08f/L;+of]hs– lhNnf Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldlt, bfª Pj+ k|d'v;+of]hs– lhNnf Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldlt, bfª Pj+ k|d'v;+of]hs– lhNnf Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldlt, bfª Pj+ k|d'v;+of]hs– lhNnf Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldlt, bfª Pj+ k|d'v;+of]hs– lhNnf Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldlt, bfª Pj+ k|d'v

lhNnf clwsf/LlhNnf clwsf/LlhNnf clwsf/LlhNnf clwsf/LlhNnf clwsf/L!= lhNnfsf >lds dlxnfx?n] ;dfg Hofnf!= lhNnfsf >lds dlxnfx?n] ;dfg Hofnf!= lhNnfsf >lds dlxnfx?n] ;dfg Hofnf!= lhNnfsf >lds dlxnfx?n] ;dfg Hofnf!= lhNnfsf >lds dlxnfx?n] ;dfg HofnfgkfPsf] eGg] u'gf;f] 5 . o;df tkfO{ +sf]gkfPsf] eGg] u'gf;f] 5 . o;df tkfO{ +sf]gkfPsf] eGg] u'gf;f] 5 . o;df tkfO{ +sf]gkfPsf] eGg] u'gf;f] 5 . o;df tkfO{ +sf]gkfPsf] eGg] u'gf;f] 5 . o;df tkfO{ +sf]egfO{ s] 5 <egfO{ s] 5 <egfO{ s] 5 <egfO{ s] 5 <egfO{ s] 5 <

d ev{/} dfq ;?jf eP/ lhNnfdf cfPsf]x'F . s]xL lbg klxn] >lds dlxnfx?n] ;dfgHofnf gkfPsf] eGb} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfWofgfsif{0f kq a'emfPsf] eGg] yfxf kfPF . of] gx'g'kg]{xf] . Pp6} >d ug]{ JolQmnfO{ dlxnf k'?ifsf] gfddfkm/s Hofnf lbg kfOFb}g . lhNnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd Hofnf lbg'k5{ . JolQmljz]ifsf] rfxgfn] x'Fb}g . >d P]gn] g} of] Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . >ldsx?sf] ;d:of x]g]{ >d cbfnt />d sfof{no xf] . t/ bfª lhNnfsf] xsdf oL b'a}gePsf]n] olb s;}n] ;dfg Hofnf kfPsf] 5}g eg] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg;S5 . k|fKt lgj]bgsf cfwf/df kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbg] sfd x'G5 .@= dlxnfk|lt Hofnfdf lje]b ug] {nfO{ s] ;hfo x'G5 <@= dlxnfk|lt Hofnfdf lje]b ug] {nfO{ s] ;hfo x'G5 <@= dlxnfk|lt Hofnfdf lje]b ug] {nfO{ s] ;hfo x'G5 <@= dlxnfk|lt Hofnfdf lje]b ug] {nfO{ s] ;hfo x'G5 <@= dlxnfk|lt Hofnfdf lje]b ug] {nfO{ s] ;hfo x'G5 <

xfdLn] >d P]g cg';f/ g} ug]{ xf] . Hofnf gkfPsf] eg]/ lgj]bg;lxt cfPdf;DalGwt kIfnfO{ af]nfP/ Hofnf e/fO{ lbg ;lsG5 <#= Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf s:tf] 5 <#= Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf s:tf] 5 <#= Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf s:tf] 5 <#= Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf s:tf] 5 <#= Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf s:tf] 5 <

k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;/sf/L sfof{nosf k|ltlglw, pBf]uafl0fHo ;+3 / lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3sf k|ltlglwx? ;ldltdf /xG5g\ . ;ldltn] jflif{s?kdf lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L tyf >ldsx?sf] Hofnfb//]6 lgwf{/0f u5{ .$= ;ldltdf >ldsx?sf] ;+u7g 6] «8 o'lgogsf ] ;xeflutf klg b]lvPg .$= ;ldltdf >ldsx?sf] ;+u7g 6] «8 o'lgogsf ] ;xeflutf klg b]lvPg .$= ;ldltdf >ldsx?sf] ;+u7g 6] «8 o'lgogsf ] ;xeflutf klg b]lvPg .$= ;ldltdf >ldsx?sf] ;+u7g 6] «8 o'lgogsf ] ;xeflutf klg b]lvPg .$= ;ldltdf >ldsx?sf] ;+u7g 6] «8 o'lgogsf ] ;xeflutf klg b]lvPg .Hofnf b//]6 lgwf {/0f ;ldltdf cfkm "x?sf] k|ltlglwTjsf ] dfu klg >ldsHofnf b//]6 lgwf {/0f ;ldltdf cfkm "x?sf] k|ltlglwTjsf ] dfu klg >ldsHofnf b//]6 lgwf {/0f ;ldltdf cfkm "x?sf] k|ltlglwTjsf ] dfu klg >ldsHofnf b//]6 lgwf {/0f ;ldltdf cfkm "x?sf] k|ltlglwTjsf ] dfu klg >ldsHofnf b//]6 lgwf {/0f ;ldltdf cfkm "x?sf] k|ltlglwTjsf ] dfu klg >ldsdlxnfx?sf] Wofgfsif{0f kqdf lyof] . o;df tkfO{ +sf] egfO{ s] 5 <dlxnfx?sf] Wofgfsif{0f kqdf lyof] . o;df tkfO{ +sf] egfO{ s] 5 <dlxnfx?sf] Wofgfsif{0f kqdf lyof] . o;df tkfO{ +sf] egfO{ s] 5 <dlxnfx?sf] Wofgfsif{0f kqdf lyof] . o;df tkfO{ +sf] egfO{ s] 5 <dlxnfx?sf] Wofgfsif{0f kqdf lyof] . o;df tkfO{ +sf] egfO{ s] 5 <

Hofnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltdf s;s;sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ eGg] s'/f xfdLn]tf]Sg] ljifo xf]Og . P]g lgodcg';f/ h;h;sf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg' eGg] x'G5 ;f]xLadf]lhd x'G5 . ;ldltdf >lds dlxnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] gLltut Joj:yf eof] eg]dfq ;+ej 5 . ;fdfGo ?kdf sfddf nufpg] JolQm;Fusf] df}lvs ;Demf}tfsf] cfwf/df>ldsx?n] sfd u/]sf] kfOG5 . >ldsx? cfkm"n] kfpg] Hofnfsf] gLltut Joj:yfaf/];';"lrt ge}/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . c;dfg Hofnf kfpg'sf] k5fl8 of] sf/0f klg x'g;S5 .csf]{ s'/f >ldsx? cfkm"dlfy ePsf] lje]bsf] lj?4 v'n]/ af]Ng ;Sg'k¥of] . aflx/c;dfg Hofnfsf] s'/f ug]{ km]l/ sd Hofnfd} sfd ug{ /fhL x'g] bf]xf]/f] s'/f aGb u/]/>ldsx? cufl8 cfpg ;s]eg] dlxnf ePsf] sf/0fn] lje]b x'g] l:ylt /xFb}g .

dlxnf–k'?ifaLr Hofnfdfkm/s ug{ kfOFb}g

Jojxf/df c;dfgtf sfod}To;f] t b}lgs Hofnfbf/Ldf sfd

ug]{ dhb"/ dlxnf dfq xf]Og >d tyf ;]jfIf]qdf sfo{/t cGo dlxnfx?klg k'?if ;/x;dfg clwsf/ kfpg g;s]sf] u'gf;f] u5{g\ .lghfdtL ;]jfdf dlxnfsf] cfsif{0f a9]klgpgLx?sf nflu of] ;]jf lje]bd'Qm eg] 5}g .lghfdtL ;]jfdf ljut @% jif{b]lv sfdul//x]sL Ps clws[t dlxnfsf] ef]ufO{dfsfg"gtM of] If]qdf dlxnfsf] nflu lje]bgePklg Jojxf/df eg] cK7]/f] g} 5 . pgsf]cg'ejdf ;]jfsf bf}/fg k|fKt x'g] w]/}cj;/x?af6 dlxnf ePs} sf/0f ljd'v x'g]qmd /f]lsPsf] 5}g .

@)!# ;fnb]lv z'?ePsf] lghfdtL;]jf cem} ;dfj]zL aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . lghfdtL

bfªsf] s6'jf vf]nf ju/df lu§L s'6\b} dhb'/ dlxnfx?


>lds ;Da4 ;d:ofx? xn ug{ ;lsP klgsltko ljifo gLltut txdf ;'wf/ x'g'kg]{egfO{ 5 k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L u]xgfye08f/Lsf] . >lds dlxnfx?n] Hofnf b//]6lgwf{/0f ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTjsf] dfu u/] klgof] ljifo P]g lgodfjnLdf ;lRrP/ cfPdfq;+ej x'g] pgL atfpF5g\ . e08f/L eG5g\,…Hofnfb//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltdf sf] sf] /xg]eGg] P]gn] Joj:yf ug]{ xf] xfdLn] ug]{ xf]Og .Ú;ldltdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;lxt ;/sf/Lsfof{nosf k|ltlglw, pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3 /lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] lgoddfJoj:yf eP klg >ldsx?sf] k|ltlglwTj;ldltdf /x]sf] 5}g .

;d/]vf 8]:s÷bfª

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?sf]/fli6«o ;~hfnn] b]z}e/ dlxnf lx+;fla?4!)) lbg] cleofg ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .l8;]Da/ !^ b]lv dfr{ @! ;Dd rNg] cleofgsf]hgsnfsf/x? dbgs[i0f >]i7, xl/j+z cfrfo{,/fd]z, /fog, ab|L k+u]gL nufotn] sf7df08f}df;+o'Qm ?kdf pb\3f6g u/]sf lyP .

;~hfnsf ] cu'jfO {df b ]z }e/;~rfng e}/x]sf] dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] !))lbg] cleofgn] lx+;f kLl8tn] ph'/L u/]sf]@$ 306fleq ph'/Lsf] ;+jf]wg x'g] ;+oGqlgdf{0f / dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?sf];'/Iff gLlt Nofpg'kg]{ dfu ;/sf/ ;dIf/fv]sf] 5 . cleofgsf] bf}/fg dlxnf lx+;f lj?4;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ k|rf/fTds Pj+ bafad"nssfo{qmd e}/x]sf] ;~hfnn] hgfPsf] 5 .

o;}aLr k|wfgdGqL afa'/fd e§/fO{n];~hfnn] /fv]sf] dfusf] ;+af]wg ub}{ dlxnflx+;fsf] ph'/L k/]sf] @$ 306fleq} ;+jf]wgug]{ ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ ;lrjx?nfO{ lgb]{zglbPsf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL e§/fO{n] dlxnflj?4

lx+;f d'n'ss} sn+s ePsf] eGb} lx+;f cGTosf]nflu cNksfnLg / lb3{sfnLg of]hgf jgfP/cleofg ;~rfng ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf x'g\ .kmfu'g !! ut] j;]sf] n}lu+s lx+;fla?4cGt/dGqfno:t/Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pxfFn]o:tf] lgb]{zg lbPsf lyP .

k|wfgdGqL e§/fO{n] x/]s If]qdf## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ /fHon];+ljwfgd} ;'/lIft u/] klg af]S;L 5fpk8L,bfOhf]h:tf s'/Lltsf sf/0f dlxnf dfl/g]qmd g/f]lsPsf] eGb} n}+lus lx+;fsf hl6n /Hofg} hfg] 36gfx?af6 cfkm" ;+j]bgzLnag]sf] jtfPsf lyP . k|wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{noaf6 hf/L lj1lKt cg';f/k|wfgdGqL e§/fO{n] n}+lus lx+;flj?4sf] sfg'glgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy cl3a9fpg], dlxnf k|x/Lsf] nflu 5'§} Jof/]ssf]Joj:yf ug]{, af]S;Lnufotsf wfdLemfFqmLk|yfnfO{ s'/Llt 3f]if0ff / lgif]w ug]{u/L sfg'glgdf{0f ug]{, k|x/Lsf] l/St kbdf dlxnf k|x/Legf{ x'g]u/L k|lqmof ldnfpg] nufotsf lgb]{zglbPsf lyP .

To:t} &% j6} lhNnfdf lx+;fk|efljtdlxnfx?sf] cNksflng cf>o :yn Joj:yf

dlxnf lx+;f cGTo ug{ k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb]{zg

ug]{, kfFr} ljsf; If]qdf lx+;fkLl8t dlxnfx?sf];+/If0fsf nflu dlxnf ;+/If0f tyf k'gM:yfkgfu[xsf] ljsf; ug]{, k|x/L sfof{nodf /x]sfdlxnf ;]ndf dlxnf clws[tsf] Joj:yf ug]{,n}+lus lx+;fsf 36gfx? k|x/L;Dd NofpgdlxnfnfO{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg], To:tfph'/L k/]sf] @$ 306fleq sf/jfxL x'g] Joj:yfug]{, kLl8t / ph'/Lstf{sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfldnfpg] h:tf lgb]{zg k|wfgdGqLn] lbPsf5g\ . o;}u/L dlxnf lx+;fsf] ph'/L sf/jfxLk|lqmof ga9fpg] k|x/L sd{rf/Ldfly ljefuLosf/jfxL ug]{, axfnjfnf sd{rf/L jf ;fj{hlgskb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmaf6 lx+;f u/]sf] ph'/Lk|fKt ePdf t'?Gt ljefuLo sf/jfxLsf] k|lqmofz'? ug{ klg lgb]{zg lbPsf 5g\ .

dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] !)) lbg]cleofg ;~rfng ul//x]sf] ;~hfnsf s]Gb|LocWoIf 8f= /]0f' /fhe08f/Ln] k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb]{zgn]cleofgsf] Pp6f dfu k'/f ePsf] / lgb]{zgsf]kfngf slt x'G5 Tof] eg] x]g{ afFsL /x]sf]k|ltlqmof lbOg\ . cleofgn] cl3 ;f/]sf] dlxnfdfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?sf] ;'/Iff gLlt Nofpg'kg]{dfu klg ;/sf/n] ;+af]wg ug]{df cfkm" cfzfjfbL/x]sf] atfOg\ .

dlxnf lx+;f lj?4sf] !)) lbg] cleofgsf] qmddf bfªdf kf]i6l/ª ub}{ dlxnfclwsf/sdL{x? .

s] 5 sfg'gL Joj:yf <k'?if jf dlxnf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfg k|s[ltsf] s'g} sfddf nufPjfkt s'g}e]befj gu/L ;dfg kfl/>lds lbg' k5{ .tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s dlxnf sfdbf/nfO{ laxfg ^ ah]b]lv ;fFem ^ ah];Dddfqsfddf nufpg' k5{ . dlxnf sfdbf/nfO{ sfddf nufpFbf Joj:yfksn] pgLx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] k|aGw ug'{k5{ .ue{jtL dlxnf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] k|;"ltsf] cl3 jf kl5 u/L hDdf %@ lbg;Ddsf]k"/f tnaL k|;"lt labf kfpg'k5{ .dlxnf sfdbf/nfO{ $% s]=hL= eGbf a9L jhg p7fpg, cf];f/k;f/ ug{ jf af]sfpg'x'Fb}g .krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L dlxnf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L /xg] k|lti7fgdf dlxnf sfdbf/tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] afnaflnsfx?sf] nflu :jf:Yok|b sf]7fsf] Joj:Yff ug'{k5{ .dlxnf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf afnaflnsf?nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ b"w v'jfpg] ;dolbg'k5{ .

source: www.lawcommission.gov.np


lu§L s'6]/ hLjg wfGb} MsDd/b]lv tNnf] efu grNg] ePkl5 k|]dljjfx u/]/ bfDkTo hLjg z'? u/]sf

>Ldfg\n] cnkq 5f8]/ lxF8] . 5f]/Lsf] ;xf/fdf s6'jfvf]nfsf] au/df lu§L s'6]/ b'O{5f]/L;lxt hLjg wflg/x]sL @* jifL{of sdnf yfkf . kfFr jifL{of 5f]/L ;l/tf bfofFn] 9'ËfhDdf kfl/lbPkl5 a;]/ lu§L s'6\l5g\ cfdf . 5]pFdf b'O{jif]{ 5f]/L dlgiff . pkrf/ kfP lgsf]x'G5 eG5g\ /] 8fS6/, t/ d'lZsnn] dlxgfdf Ps xhf/ sdfpg] sdnfn] ;f; wfGg] uf;h'6fpg g;ls/x]sf a]nf pkrf/ ug]{ s;/L <

t:jL/ M nIdL cfrfo{


;dfrf/

;d/]vf å}dfl;s ;fd'lxs?kdf ;fj{hlgs

;d/]vf 8]:s÷bfª

n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs Gofosf]p2]Zo;lxt bfªaf6 k|sflzt ePsf] ;d/]vfå}dfl;ssf] 3f]/fxLdf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgfu/L ;fd"lxs ?kdf ljdf]rg ul/of] .

Dofulhg ljdf ]rg ;df/f ]xsfcltlyx?n] ;d/]vf ;dfh ?kfGt/0fsf\;+jfxs aGg'kg]{ z'esfdgf lbPsf lyP .sfo{qmddf af]Nb} ;ef;b zfGtf rf}w/Ln];d/]vfnfO{ b]ze/L g} k'¥ofpg cfjZos /x]sf]eGb} o;af6 dlxnf ;zlQms/0fdf 6]jf k'Ug]wf/0ff /fv]sL lyOg\ . sfo{qmdsf csf{ cltlyk|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L CifL/fd zdf{n] k7gLo;fdu|L / cfly{s >f]t h'6\g ;s]dfq klqsfn]

lg/Gt/tf kfpg]df hf]8 lbFb} /fhwfgL aflx/af6k|sflzt klqsfx?df ;d/]vf pTs[i6 /x]sf]ljrf/ JoQm u/]] .

sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sf+u|]; bfªsf;lrj sdnlszf ]/ l3ld/ ]n ] gf/LjfbLcfGbf]ngdf ;d/]vfn] O+{6f yk]sf] ljrf/ JoQmub}{ o;n] ;du| ;dfh ?kfGt/0fsf nfludxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] jtfP . clwjQmfkbd j}lbsn] dlxnfx?n] cfkm\gf] clwsf/k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt cem} eOg;s]sf] a]nfclwsf/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] e"ldsfdfof]ubfg k'Ug] wf/0ff /fv] .

sfo{qmddf gful/s ;dfhsf;+of]hs l6sf/fd /]UdL, ;lrj rGb|/ft kGt,g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf

s]=Pn=kLl8t / ;lrj ;ljg lk|of;g, /fKtL;flxTo kl/ifbsf cWoIf k'?iff]Qd vgfn /;Nnfxsf/ lul//fh zdf{, bfª pBf]u afl0fHo;+3sf cWoIf dw';'bg a}B, cg]d;+3 s]Gb|Lo;b:o d]gsf kf]v|]n, ljwjf dlxnf ;/f]sf/s]Gb|sL cWoIf x'df l8=;L=, x/Kn];sf bfª;+of]hs ljgf]b s]=;L=, cf]/]ssf bfª ;+of]hs;/f]h kf]v|]n, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3lhNnf cWoIf zf]efs/ ;fksf]6f, kqsf/ dlxnfd~rsf cWoIf ;'zLnf cfrfo{, lqmofzLn kqsf/dlxnf ;d"xsf lhNnf cWoIf a;'Gw/f uf}td, k|];o'lgogsf cWoIf /fdk|;fb kf}8]n,kqsf/x? ;'bz{gl/hfn, u0f]z jnL nufotn] DofuhLgsf] ;kmntfsf]z'esfdgf lbPsf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0fkqsf/ cf:yf s]=;L=n] u/]sL lyOg .

k|x/L dlxnf k'?if ;xsdL{af6} of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/df;d/]vf 8]:s÷bfª

sfo{:yndf x 'g ]n}lu+s lx+;f ;DaGwL jx;n]ljZjJofkL ?k u |x0ful//xFbf g]kfndf ul/Psf]Ps ;e]{If0fn] g]kfndf of];d:of zflGt ;'/Iffsf] lhDd]jf/Laf]Sg] k|x/L ;+u7gleq Jofks/x]sf] ;/sf/L ;j]{If0fn] b]vfPsf] 5 .

g]kfn k|x/Ln] xfn} u/]sf] klxnf]n}l+us ;j]{If0fn] dlxnfsf nflu k|x/Lsf] hflu/k'?if ;xsdL{sf] Jojxf/sf sf/0f ;xh g/x]sf]b ]vfPsf ] 5 . ;j ] { I f0 fcg ';f/ k '?i f;xsdL{x?af6 of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8tsf];+Vof pNn]Vo /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/Ldf sfo{/t# xhf/ % ;o dlxnfdWo] * ;o @$ dlxnfdfg]kfn k|x/Lsf] cGj]if0f lgb]{zgfnon] u/]sf];j]{If0fn] u/]sf] lyof] .

;j]{If0fdf #* k|ltztn] cfkm";fd"k'?if sd{rf/Ln] clZnn zAb k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf]atfP . !% k|ltztn] lh:sfpg], xf]Rofpg],pR5[v+n / clZnn xfpefp ug]{ u'gf;f] u/] .k'?if ;xsdL{n] 3'dfp/f] kf/fn] 3f]+rk]r ug]{atfpg] #$ k|ltzt lyP .

k '? i f ;xsd L { a f6 c l Znn

Jojxf/afx]s 7f8f] of}gb'Jo{jxf/ x'g] ljifonfO{klg ;j]{If0fn] k|sfzdf

NofPsf] 5 . ;xefuLdWo]@^ hgf -#k|ltzt_n]k '? i f ;xsd L {n ]

; +j ]bgzLn c+udf5f ]Psf ] pNn ]vu/] . !^ cyf{t !k | l tztn ] tcfkm"dfly anfTsf/

k|of;} ePsf] hgfP .k'; / df3df ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fdf

k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, dxfgu/Lo k|x/L / kfFr}ljsf; If]qaf6 ;]lDklnª ul/Psf k|x/LdlxnfnfO{ of}g b'Jo{jxf/;DaGwL !( /;]jf;DaGwL !# k|Zg ;f]lwPsf lyP .

clws k |x/L dlxnfn ] of }gb'Jo{jxf/sf] vt/f /xg] cj:yfdf sfd ug'{k/]sf]klg b]lvPsf] 5 . s/La PsltxfO{ t PSn}/ftsf] / afXo 8\o'6Ldf hfG5g\ . 8\o'6L ;s]/*% k|ltzt ef8fsf] sf]7fdf a:g hfG5g\ .sl/a # k|ltzt dfq Aof/]sdf a:5g\ . sl/a!# k|ltztn] dfq /ftsf] 8\o'6L ;s]kl5 dfqaf;:yfg;Dd k'¥ofpg] ;'ljwf pkef]u ug{kfPsf 5g\ . Tolt g} xf/fxf/Ln] dfq Aof/]sdf

a:g] ;'ljwf kfPsf 5g\ . !^ k|ltztn] /ftsf];dodf 8\o'6Ldf a:bf ceb| Jojxf/ ef]u]sf5g\ .

;j]{If0fdf k'?if ;xsdL{n] cfkm"nfO{af/Daf/ c;lhnf] nfUg] Jojxf/ ug]{ atfpg]!) k|ltzt e]l6P . cfkm"eGbf dflyNnf] txsfk'?if sd{rf/Ln] eg]h:tf] gubf{ jf gdfGbflje]b ePsf] atfpg] $# k|ltzt lyP . lje]b;a}eGbf 8\o'6L w]/} nufP/ -%( k|ltzt_ ul/Psf]kfOof] . To:t} tflndsf a]nf …u'?jfÚx?af6g/fd|f] sfo{ ug{ bafa lbg] jf kmsfpg] sfdu/]sf] u'gf;f] ̂ k|ltztn] u/] . ;j]{If0f cg';f/clwsf+z k|x/L sfof{nodf dlxnfn] 5'§}zf}rfno -^& k|ltzt_ / kf];fs kl/jt{g sIf-&$ k|ltzt_ k|of]u ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ .

$) k|ltztn] cfkm"nfO{ g/fd|f] nfu]sf]s'/f l/kf]6{ g} ub}{gg\ eg] %* k|ltztn] l/kf]6{u/]klg lrQa'em\bf] ;dfwfg glgsflnPsf] cg'eju/]sf 5g\ . %# k|ltztn] l/kf]6{ ug]{ ;xhjftfj/0f gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . of}gb'Jo{jxf/afx]s ;]jf cg'ejsf ljifodf klg;j]{If0fn] k|x/L dlxnfsf] c;Gt'li6 p7fPsf]5 . sl/a #) k|ltzt c;Gt'i6dWo] %@k|ltztn] kIfkftk"0f{ Jojxf/ / tLg k|ltztn]of}g zf]if0fnfO{ sf/0f b]vfP .

cGj]if0f lgb] {zgfnosf k|d'vl8cfOhL lj1fg/fh zdf{n] ;j]{If0fsf cfwf/dfg]kfn k|x/Ln] n}+lus gLlt tof/ ug]{ k|lqmofz'? ul/;s]sf] jtfPsf 5g\ .


;d/]vf 8]:s÷bfª;/sf/n] nlIft ju{sf] ljsf;sf

nflu ah]6sf] lglZrt k|ltzt 5'6\ofpg]lgb]{lzsf agfPklg :yfgLo lgsfodf ;f] cg'?ksfd gePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . lhNnf ljsf;;ldlt÷ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt cg'bfg /sd;~rfng sfo{ljlw–@)^& n] dlxnf /afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf !)÷!) k|ltzt / blnt,cflbjf;L, hghflt, ckf+u, k5fl8 kfl/Psf]ju{nufotsf] ljsf;sf nflu !% u/L sDtLdf#% k|ltzt ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug'{kg]{ :ki6Joj:yf u/]klg :yfgLo lgsfox?n] ah]6ljlgof]hg gu/]sf] kfOPsf] xf] .

lgb]{lzsfn] nlIft ;d"xsf] ljsf;sfnflu ah]6sf] tf]s]sf] k|ltzt g5'6\ofP/:yfgLo lgsfox?n] nlIft ;d'bfosf nflucToGt Go"g /sd 5'6\ofPsf] / 5'6\ofOPsf]/sd ;d]t ;f] If]qdf vr{ ;d]t u/]sf 5}gg\ .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt bfªsf]cfly{s jif{ @)^&÷)^* sf nflu k""FhLutcg'bfgtkm{ ! s/f]8 $% nfv %) xhf/?k}ofFsf] ah]6 /x]sf]df To;sf] !) k|ltzt/sd cyf{t !$ nfv %) xhf/ dlxnfsf]nflu 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ lyof] . t/ lhlj;n]dlxnfsf] If]qdf hDdf rf/ nfv ?k}ofF cyf{tjh]6sf] @=&$ k|ltzt dfq 5'6\ofPsf] lyof] .o;sf] sfof{Gjog kIf x]g]{ xf] eg] 5'6\ofOPsf]rf/ nfvdWo] ($ xhf/ ?k}ofF cyf{t\ )=^$k|ltzt dfq vr{ u/]sf] lyof] .

cg'bfg ah]6af6 afnaflnsfx?sfnflu klg !) k|ltztdf x'g cfpg] /sd !$nfv %) xhf/ 5'6\ofpg'kg]{df rf/ nfv

cyf{t @=&$ k|ltzt 5'6\ofPsf] lyof] . h;sf]vr{sf] cj:yf x]g]{ xf] eg] Ps nfv cyf{t)=^* k|ltzt dfq u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/Lcflbjf;L hghflt, ckf+u, blnt, Ho]i7gful/s, lk58fju{nufotsf] ljsf;sf nflucg'bfg /sdsf] !% k|ltzt cyf{t @! nfv*@ xhf/ % ;o 5'6\ofpg'kg]{df ( nfvcyf{t ̂ =!* k|ltzt 5'6\ofPsf] / h; cGt{utjf:tljs vr{ ePsf] /sd eg] ^ nfv &&xhf/ cyf{t $=^% k|ltzt u/]sf] lyof] .

dfgj sNof0f tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fs]Gb| bfªn] ut] 3f]/fxLdf cfof]hgf u/]sf]:yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ k|fKt cg'bfg /sdvr{ k'g/fjnf]sg tyf ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtf;e]{If0f ljifos ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmddfk|:t't u/]sf] cWoog k|ltj]bgn] :yfgLo lgsfonlIft ;d'bfo ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf] of] l:ytL;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof] .

To;}u/L gf/fo0fk'/, xfk'/, lahf}/L/ l9sk'/ uflj;df ul/Psf] ;fdflhs ;e]{dfklg nlIft ju{sf nflu cToGt Go"g /sdvr{ ul/Psf] kfOPsf] :yfgLo zf;g hjfkmb]xL;+oGq cGt{ut :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|fKt cg'bfgvr{sf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtf;j]{If0f sfo{qmdsf n}+lus tyf ;fdflhs;dfj]zLs/0f clws[t lgd{nf uf}tdn] hfgsf/Lu/fOg\ .

jh]6 ljlgof ]hg ubf{ nlIft;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj gx'g' / cGo ljsf;lgdf{0fsf sfdx? ;a}sf nflu eGb} ;DalGwtlg0f{ostf{n] cfkm"v'zL sfo{ ug]{ u/]sf] ;fdflhsIf]qsf cu'jfx? jtfpF5g\ . cfjZostf

lgb]{lzsf Psflt/ sfd csf]{lt/klxrfg g} gu/L dgf]dfgL9+un] ah]6 tyfsfo{qmd agfpFbf nlIft ;d'bfo cfkm\gf]ljsf;af6 al~rt x'g'k/]sf] wf/0ff /fV5g\pgLx? . otf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf of]hgfclws[t jf;'b]j l/hfn dlxnf, jfnjflnsfnufot cGo pTkLl8t ju{sf nflu 5'§ofOPsf]/sd k"FhLut geP/ cfGtl/s >f]taf6 ePsf]n]c;f/ d;fGtkl5 klg sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdfePsf]n] sd vr{ b]lvPsf] atfpF5g\ . k"FhLutcg'bfgdf nlIft ;d'bfosf] nflu ah]6g5'§ofpg'sf k5fl8 kl/ifb eGbf lgb]{lzsfkl5 dfq cfPsf]n] ;+ej gePsf] pgsf] egfO{5 .

cfly{s jif{df @)^*÷)^( df eg]lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ g} ah]6 5'l§Psf] lhNnfljsf; ;ldltsf ;fdflhs ljsf; clws[tafns[i0f vgfnn] atfP . o; cfly{s jif{sfnflu k|fKt lgMzt{ kF"hLut cg'bfgsf] $!k| ltzt ah]6 nlIft ;d'bfosf ] nflu5'§ofOPsf] vgfnn] atfP . To:t} cfGtl/s>f]tsf] !)÷!@ k|ltzt;Dd nlIft ;d'bfosf]nflu ah]6 5'l§Psf] clws[t vgfnn] jtfP .

o; cfly{saif{df afnaflnsfsf]nflu k"FhLuttkm{ !) nfv / cfGtl/stkm{ ^nfv &% xhf/, dlxnfsf] nflu k"FhLuttkm{!! nfv @% xhf/ / cfGtl/stkm{ & nfvah]6 lalgof]hg ePsf] 5 . To:t} cflbjf;Lhghflt, ckf+u, blnt, Ho]i7 gful/s,lk58fju{nufotsf] ljsf;sf nflu k"FhLuttkm{!# nfv &% xhf/ / cfGtl/s tkm{ ^ nfv&) xhf/ lalgof]hg ePsf] clws[t vgfnn]hfgsf/L lbP .

;dfrf/


cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; dgfpg yfn]sf] Ps ;o b'O{ jif{ k"/f x'Fb}5 . ;dfg sfdsf];dfg Hofnf, sfo{:yndf x'g] lje]b, lx+;f, zf]if0f / sfdsf] clws 306fnfO{ sd ug'{kg]{h:tf dfu cl3 ;f/]/ dlxnfx?n] yfn]sf] cfGbf]ng ljleGg ?kdf cfh klg hf/L 5 . PsztfAbL cl3b]lv p7fPsf] ;dfgtfsf] d'2f cfh klg k"/f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cGt/f{li6«o >ldsdlxnf lbj;nfO{ dlxnf d'lQmsf] k|ltssf] ?kdf lng] of o;nfO{ ;:tf] kj{sf] ?kdf lng] <km/s km/s ?kdf o;nfO{ a'em\g] / dgfpg] ul/G5 . >lds dlxnfx?n] z'?jft u/]sf]d'lQmsf] pb\3f]ifsf] lbg * dfr{nfO{ >lds dlxnf lbj; ;d]t c;xdt x'Fb} gf/L lbj; eGg]x?/ To;/L g} of] lbgnfO{ ;Demg]x? klg plQs} 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;nfO{tkfO{+n] s;/L a'em\g'x'G5 < o;sf] P]ltxfl;s dxTj, ul/df / cfhsf] ;Gbe{df of] lbj;nfO{s;/L ;Demg'k5{ < oxL ljifo /fv]/ ;d/]vf ax;df xfdLn] o;kfln s]xL /fhgLlts Pj+;fdflhs If]qsf cu'jfx?sf] ljrf/ lng] k|of; u/]sf 5f}+ .

o; c+ssf] ax;o; c+ssf] ax;o; c+ssf] ax;o; c+ssf] ax;o; c+ssf] ax;clgtf b]jsf]6f, ;'wf /]UdL, ;l/tf e';fn, ljgf]b s];L, c~hg kf}8]n;Fu

cf7dfr{ M ;dfgtfcf7dfr{ M ;dfgtfcf7dfr{ M ;dfgtfcf7dfr{ M ;dfgtfcf7dfr{ M ;dfgtfk|flKtsf] ;+sNk lbj;k|flKtsf] ;+sNk lbj;k|flKtsf] ;+sNk lbj;k|flKtsf] ;+sNk lbj;k|flKtsf] ;+sNk lbj;

;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnf, >dsf]plrt ;do, >lds dlxnfsf] ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]06Lh:tf dfux? ;lxt >lds dlxnfx?n] z'?u/]sf] P]ltxfl;s cfGbf]ngn] !)@ cf}+ j;Gt k'/f u/]sf] 5 . ;g\!(!! b]lv ljZjJofkL ?kdf >lds dlxnf lbj; dgfpg] qmdz'?ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df xfdLn] cf7 dfr{nfO{ ;kmntf/ ;+3if{sf] k|lts dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] ljlzi6 s8L dfGb} cfPsf5f}+ .

k}t[s ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/sf ljifonfO{ xfdLn]h;/L p7fof}+ To;/L g} dlxnfsf] >dn] ;dfg clwsf/ kfpg' k5{ .pBf]u snsf/vfgfsf dhb'/ dlxnf x'g\ of lu§L s'6\g] dlxnf,v]tdf sfd ug]{ s[lif dhb'/ dlxnf x'g\ of 3/]n' >ddf vl6Psfdlxnf ;a} >lds dlxnfsf] d"No plQs} x'g' h?/L 5 . clxn] klgdlxnfx? c;dfgtfsf] e'd/L afFRg ljjz 5f}+ . dlxnfn] >dsf]plrt / ;dfg Hofnf gkfPsf] l:ylt 5 . To;df klg 3/]n'>dsf] d"No g} 5}g . jf:tjdf g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] >d jfn'jfdfkfgL xfn] ;/x d"NoxLg agfOPsf] 5 .

@))& sf] /f0ff lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngb]lv b]zdf rn]sf x/]s

d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf dlxnfx?sf] pNn]Vo Tofu tk:of / alnbfgsf>[+vnfx? xfd|f] ;fd' 5g\ . cem bzjif]{ hgo'4n] t ;fdGtLlkt[;Qfsf] hu g} xnrn jgfOlbPsf] Oltxf; 5 . ljZjnfO{ rlstagfpg ;kmn hgo'4 / hgcfGbf]ngn] k|fKt u/]sf pknlAwsf] /Iffug'{ klg o; ;Gbe{df xfd|f] bfloTj xf] .

cf7 dfr{nfO{ ;:tf] nf]slk|o ?kdf k/Dk/fut rf8kj{sf]?kdf dgfpg'n] >lds dlxnfx?sf] lglDt s'g} cy{ /fVb}g . xfd|f];Gbe{df ax';+Vos dlxnfx? lu§L s'6]/, Hofnfbf/L u/]/, ef/Laf]s]/, pBf]ux?df >d u/]/ hLljsf rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ pgLx?nfO{k'?if ;/x Hofnf lbg] s'/f t k/} hfj; Go"g eGbf Go"g HofnfdfpgLx?sf] >d zf]if0f e}/x]sf] 5 . bfªsf] ;Gbe{df sdn/L k|yfn]pgLx?sf] >d;Fu} cl:dtf n'l6Psf] xfdLn] ;'g]sf 5f}+ . s] oL /o:tf zf]if0fsf] cGTo gx'Fb} cf7 dfr{nfO{ ljz'4 rf8kj{sf] ?kdfdgfpg ;lsG5 / < a? of] lbgnfO{ >lds lbbLalxgLn] ;a} If]qdf;dfgtfsf] clwsf/ k|fKt ug]{ ;+sNk lbj;sf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .

dhb'/ dlxnfx?n] cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] nflu ;+3if{ u/]/;kmn ePsf] of] lbgsf] Oltxf;nfO{ la;]{/ s]jn gf/L lbj; eg]/o;sf] ul/df dxTj / cl:tTjnfO{ ljno x'g] jftfj/0f >[hgf x'glbg'x'Fb}g . xfdL dlxnfx? hxfF 5f}+ >d g} ul//x]sf 5f}+ . To;}n]cfkm"nfO{ >lds eGbf ;fgf] ckx]lnt cg'e"lt gu/L cfkm\gf] >dnfO{;Ddfg ub}{ dlxnfx?sf] jf:tljs d'lQmsf nflu cf7 dfr{nfO{;+sNk lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfcf}+ . dlxnfx?sf ;femf ;jfndf P]Soj4x'Fb} ;dfgtfsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;zSt agfpg ;Dk"0f{ lbbLalxgLx?,;+3;+:yf, /fhg}lts bn, lzIfs, sd{rf/L, dhb"/ dlxnfx? Psh'6xf]cf}+ .

s]Gb |Lo ;b:os]Gb|Lo ;b:os]Gb|Lo ;b:os]Gb|Lo ;b:os]Gb|Lo ;b:oclvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_

;'wf /]UdL


>lds dlxnfsf] ;+3if{ />lds dlxnfsf] ;+3if{ />lds dlxnfsf] ;+3if{ />lds dlxnfsf] ;+3if{ />lds dlxnfsf] ;+3if{ /;kmntfsf] k|tLs cf7dfr{;kmntfsf] k|tLs cf7dfr{;kmntfsf] k|tLs cf7dfr{;kmntfsf] k|tLs cf7dfr{;kmntfsf] k|tLs cf7dfr{

cf7dfr{ >lds dlxnfn] cfkm"dflyePsf cGofo cTofrf/ zf]if0f bdg lj?4;zSt cfjfh p7fPsf] lbgsf] ?kdf xfd|f];fd' kl/lrt 5 . Go"of]s{sf] ufd]{G6 sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ dhb"/dlxnfsf] Tof] ;zSt cfGbf]ngn] pgLx?sf dfu ;+af]wg u/fpgafWo kf/]sf] lyof] . cf7dfr{sf] of] ;Gbe{n] ljZje/sf pTkLl8tdlxnfx?nfO{ ;+ul7t x'g / clwsf/sf] cfjfh p7fpg k|]/0ff lbFb}cfPsf] 5 .

>lds dlxnf lbj; dgfpg yfn]sf] !)@ jif{ k'Ub}5 .;dfg Hofnf, c;dfgtf / zf]if0fsf] cGTo, sf/vfgfdf dft[lzz':ofxf/ s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf h:tf cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] dfu /fv]/;ojif{ klxn] dlxnfx?n] z'? u/]sf] cfGbf]ng cfh klg hf/L 5 .>lds dlxnf lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df g]kfndf ;/sf/L lgsfosf sd{rf/LdlxnfnfO{ gf/L lbj; eg]/ Ps lbg ljbf lbg] afx]s >ldsdlxnfsf] nflu /fxt k'Ug] sfo{qmd ;/sf/n] Nofpg ;s]sf] 5}g .

ljZjsf ;a} dlxnf >lds x'g\ . s'g} g s'g} ?kdfpgLx? >d u/]/} afFlr/x]sf 5g\ . t/ dlxnfsf] sfdnfO{ cfh klgpTkfbgd"ns xf]Og ;]jfd"ns sfdsf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 . pgLx?sf]sfdsf] plrt d"Nof+sg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . dlxnfsf] sfdnfO{

cfly{s pkfh{gsf] ?kdf u0fgf u/L d"No lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{, sfdsf]lglZrt ;do tf]lsg'kg]{, ;'/lIft / :jtGqtfk"j{s sfd ug]{ jftfj/0fsfnflu dlxnfx? cfGbf]lnt x'g' k/]sf] tLtf] oyfy{ xfd|f cufl8 5 .

g]kfndf xfdLn] ljleGg tx / tKsfdf /x]/ leGgleGgt/Lsfn] cf7 dfr{nfO{ ;Demg] u/]sf 5f}+ . cf7dfr{nfO{ dgfpg]xfdLx?n] of] cj;/df jf:tljs >lds dlxnfsf] cfjfh / ;d:ofnfO{k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;s]sf 5f}+ of lbj; ;DkGg ug{sf nflu dfqsfo{qmd u/]sf 5f}+ < cfh klg g]kfnL >lds dlxnfx? ;ojif{eGbf klxn] Go"of]s{sf] Tof] ufd]{G6 pBf]udf sfd ug]{ dhb"/dlxnfsf] cj:yfdf 5g\ ls 5}gg < Psk6s ;a}n] u+eL/ eP/;f]Rof}+ eg] kSs} klg o;sf] ul/df dxTj / o;nfO{ s;/L lng] eGg]ljifodf ;xL lbzf k|fKt ug{ ;S5f}+ h:tf] nfU5 .

s[lifk|wfg b]z g]kfndf w]/} dlxnfx? s[lif If]qdf ;+nUg5g\ . t/ s[lifIf]qdf pgLx?n] u/]sf] >dsf] s'g} d"No 5}g . k}t[s;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/sf] ljifo sfg'gtM k|fKt e};s]klg Jojxf/dfx]g{] xf] eg] cfhklg dlxnf o;af6 al~rt g} 5g\ . JolQmut ;DklQ-e"ld_ g} gePsf jx';+Vos >lds ju{sf dlxnfx? cfh klgcToGt zf]lift k|tfl8t 5g\ . pgLx?sf] >dsf] d"No, sfdsf]Uof/]06L / lx+;fd'Qm hLjgsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu ;/sf/n] ljz]ifsfo{qmd Nofpg' k5{ / cf7dfr{sf] ;Gbe{df xfdL ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfclwsf/sdL{x?n] oL ljifonfO{ Pstfj4 eP/ p7fpg'k5{ . cGoyf>lds dlxnfn] p7fPsf] cfGbf]ngsf] k|tLs cf7dfr{nfO{ ;:tf]kj{sf] ?kdf gf/L lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg' eg]sf] o;sf] Oltxf;,hLjge/ s7f]/ >d ug]{ tL ;Dk"0f{ >lds dlxnfx?sf] ckdfg ug'{xf] .

lhNnf ;+of ]hslhNnf ;+of ]hslhNnf ;+of ]hslhNnf ;+of ]hslhNnf ;+of ]hscf]/]s g]kfn, bfª

;l/tf e';fn

Ps ztfJbLb]lv p7fPsfPs ztfJbLb]lv p7fPsfPs ztfJbLb]lv p7fPsfPs ztfJbLb]lv p7fPsfPs ztfJbLb]lv p7fPsfd'2f cem} xn ePsf 5}gg\d'2f cem} xn ePsf 5}gg\d'2f cem} xn ePsf 5}gg\d'2f cem} xn ePsf 5}gg\d'2f cem} xn ePsf 5}gg\

ljZj dlxnf d'lQmsf] cfjfh lnP/klxnf] k6s ;dfhjfbL dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf]g]t[Tj ug]{ dlxnf g]t[ Snf/f h]6lsg x'g .;lbof}b]lv ljZjsf dlxnfx?n] ;xb} cfPsf pTkL8g, bdg–zf]if0flj?4 klxnf] k6s af]Ng] sfd klg h]6lsgn] ul/g . pgn]ljZjdf dlxnfdfly x'g] u/]sf bdg / zf]if0fsf] cGTosf nfludlxnfx?nfO{ Ps eP/ n8\g] k|]/0ffsf ;fy} >lds ju{sf]pTyfgsfnflu dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbPsL l5g .

* dfr{ !**( k]l/;df >lds dlxnfx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o;Dd]ng lyof] . ljZjsf xhf/f} dlxnfx? ;xefuL ljzfn ;Dd]ngdfSnf/f h]6lsgn] dlxnfx?sf] ;dfg clwsf/sf] dfu ul/g . Tof]g} dlxnfx?sf] clwsf/sf nfuL cfjfh p7fPsf] laZjsf] klxnf]36gf lyof] . Toltv]/} pgn] ;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnfsf] klgdfu ul/g . Toltj]nf b]lv * dfr{nfO{ x/]s aif{ dlxnf clwsf/

/ dlxnf d'lQmsf nflu u/]sf] ;+3if{sf] lbgsf] ?kdf ljZje/ :d/0ful/G5 . ;g\ !()& hd{gLdf ePsf] ;dfhjfbL dlxnfx?sf] k|ydcGt{/fli6«o ;Dd]ngjf6 h]6lsg dxf;lrjdf lgjf{lrt eOg . ;g\!(!) df bf]>f] ;Dd]ng x'bf * dfr{ nfO{ cGt{/fli6«o >lds dlxnflbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg] k|:tfj /flvg . Tof] k|:tfjnfO{ ;j{;Ddt?kdf kfl/t ul/of] . To;kl5 ;g\ !(!! dfr{ * b]lv ljZj >ldsdlxnf lbj; dgfpg ;'? ul/of] .

;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnf ;dfg /f]huf/ / cj;/sf]gf/f lnP/ dlxnf clwsf/sf nflu ljZje/ g} Snf/f h]6lsgn]To; a]nfdf p7fPsf] dlxnf ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf] cfGbf]ngsf]k|]/0ffn] ljZjsf ;a} cu|ufdL dlxnfx? d'lQmsf nflu nl8/x]sf5g . pgn] b]vfPsf] af6f]nfO{ clxn] klg k5\ofO/x]sf 5g . o;lx;fadf clxn] klg o;sf] o;sf] P]ltxfl;s dxTj, ul/df /x]sf]5 . cfhsf] ;Gbe{df o;nfO{ klg o; dxTjsf ;fy x]l/Psf] 5 .To;j]nf p7fPsf d'2fx? clxn] klg TolQms} ;fGble{s / dxTjsf5g\ . oL d'2fx? xn ePsf 5}gg\ . o;nfO{ cem alnof] 9+un]cufl8 a9fpg cfjZos 5 . o;sf] Oltxf;nfO{ aªUofP/ cGt/f{li6«ogf/L lbj; eGg] ul/G5 . t/ of] lbg cyf{t * dfr{ nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o>lds dlxnf lbj;sf] gfddf dgfpg' kb{5 .

sfo{qmd ;+of ]hssfo{qmd ;+of ]hssfo{qmd ;+of ]hssfo{qmd ;+of ]hssfo{qmd ;+of ]hsx/Kn];, bfª

ljgf]b s];L


cf7dfr{nfO{ ;a}sf] ;femfcf7dfr{nfO{ ;a}sf] ;femfcf7dfr{nfO{ ;a}sf] ;femfcf7dfr{nfO{ ;a}sf] ;femfcf7dfr{nfO{ ;a}sf] ;femflbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg'k5{lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg'k5{lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg'k5{lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg'k5{lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg'k5{

cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf lbj; ljZjel/s}dlxnfx?sf] uj{ / k|]/0ff ug]{ lbg xf] . Pp6}k[YjLdf hGd]sf 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ lsg ;dfgJojxf/ ul/+b}g < dlxnf >ldsnfO{ k'?if ;/x lsg HofnflbOFb}g < o:tf s'/f cfheGbf w]/} jif{ cufl8 dlxnfx?n] g}uDeL/tfk"j{s ;f]+Rg yfn]sf lyP . rLg, a|flhn, 8f]df]lgsg u0ftGq/ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf dlxnfx? dlxnf / k'?ifaLrsf] e]befj,dlxnfx?n] ef]Ug] u/]sf] b'Jo{jxf/ / ljifd kl/l:yltsf jf/]dflrGtf ub}{ ;j{k|yd ;g\ !(!) df cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf lbj;sf]z'?jft u/]sf] kfOG5 . cfh;Dd cfOk'Ubf dlxnf clwsf/sf kIfdf cGt/f{li6«o,/fli6«o ;GwL ;+emf}tfx?sf] 7"nf] rfª alg;s]klg dlxnfdlfy x'g]lx+;f, lje]bk"0f{ Jojxf/ oBkL sfod} 5 . b]zsf] cfwf hg;+Vofsf]k|ltlglwTj ug]{ dlxnfnfO{ k'?ifsf] :t/;Dd k'¥ofpg ;a}sf] ;sf/fTds;f]+r / ;xsfo{sf] cfjZostf 5 . gfnfkfgLsf] o'4b]lv /f0flj/f]wLcfGbf]ng;Dd, of]udfofb]lv k|hftGqsf] ckx/0fkl5 lg/+s'ztflj?4sfnf] em08f b]vfpg] z}nhf, @))& ;fnb]lv @)^@÷)^# sf]

hgqmflGtdf ;dlk{t lbJof sf]O/fnf, d+unfb]jL, glnlg, ;fxgfk|wfg, åfl/sfb]jL, hfgsL d08n, ;]t' la=s=, t'n;L If]qL nufotof]4fx? qmflGt ;+jfxs ag]sf 5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf] cu|df]rf{dfvl6Psf 5g\ . t/ dlxnfx?nfO{ ;+s6sf] 38Ldf cfjZostfdxz'; ug]{ t/ k|ltkmnsf] xsbf/ gagfOg] ;fdGtL ;f]+rsf sf/0f/fHosf] ;+/rgf, gLlt lgdf{0f, ;|f]t / ;fwg ;'ljwf cflbdf dlxnfsf]kx'Fr / lgoGq0f k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf ;Gtf]ifhgs x'g;s]sf] 5}g .

dlxnf d'lQmsf nflu ePsf k|oTgx? / o;sfpknlAwx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ yk clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu cfjZos/0fgLlt lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df ;femf lbj;sf ?kdf cf7 dfr{nfO{lnOg'k5{ . dlxnfx? of] ;dfhsf dxTjk"0f{ kIf x'g\ t/ /fHosf]ljt/0f tyf Gofo k|0ffnLn] dlxnfnfO{ lje]b u/]sf] kfOG5 . lgld{tlgod / sfg'gn] :ki6 ?kdf dlxnfnfO{ lje]b u/]sf] gb]lvP klgk/Dk/f / ;+:s[ltsf] babafdf dlxnfx?n] ;dfgtfsf] cg'ej ug{;s]sf 5}gg\ eGg] ;jfnx?sf] ax; rnfpg cfjZos 5 . dlxnfclwsf/ ;DaGwdf ag]sf lgod sfg'gx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog/ cfjZos lgodk4ltsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu ;a}sf] ;femf ;+sNkdf g}dlxnf lbj; dgfpg'sf] ;fy{stf 5 . ;dosf] cGt/fn;Fu} cf7dfr{ cem dxTjk"0f{ aGb} uPsf] 5 . xfdL gofF g]kfn agfpg] qmddf5f}+ . ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx?sf] clwsf/ gofF aGg] ;+ljwfgdfkm{t ;+af]wgu/fpg ;Sof}+ eg] o;sf] ;fGble{stf cem w]/} /xg]5 . cf7 dfr{;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL dlxnfx?n] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf nfluyk zlQm ;~ro ug]{ k|]/0ffsf] lbg aGg'k5{ .

s]Gb |Lo ;b:os]Gb|Lo ;b:os]Gb|Lo ;b:os]Gb|Lo ;b:os]Gb|Lo ;b:og]kfn dlxnf ;+3

clgtf b]jsf]6f

dlxnf clwsf/ /dlxnf clwsf/ /dlxnf clwsf/ /dlxnf clwsf/ /dlxnf clwsf/ /cfGbf]ngsf] k|]/0ff–;|f]tcfGbf]ngsf] k|]/0ff–;|f]tcfGbf]ngsf] k|]/0ff–;|f]tcfGbf]ngsf] k|]/0ff–;|f]tcfGbf]ngsf] k|]/0ff–;|f]t

cGt//f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;ljZjdf ePsf >lds dlxnfsf 7"nf7"nfcfGbf]ngx?sf] ;+emgfdf yfngL ul/Psf]kfOG5 . pGgfO;f}+ ztflJbsf] dWoaf6 ljZjsf ljleGg b]zdf>lds dlxnfx?sf] clwsf/sf nflu ;zSt cfGbf]ng ePsflyP . ;g\ !(%^ df cd]l/sfsf] ufd]{G6df sfd ug]{ dlxnfx?n]lglZrt sfo{ 3G6fsf] dfu ub}{ u/]sf] k|bz{gn] cfGbf]ngsf] ?klnPsf] lyof] . >lds dlxnfx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngaf6 dlxnfsf];dfg clwsf/sf] nflu cfjfh p7fpg] k|yd dlxnf Snf/f h]6lsglyOg\ .

;g\ !(!) df !& b]zsf ;dfhjfbL dlxnfx?sf]cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngdf Snf/f h]6lsgn] dlxnf / /fhgLlts;dfgtfsf nflu x/]s jif{ cf7 dfr{nfO{ dlxnf clwsf/ cfGbf]nglbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg /fv]sf] k|:tfj ;j{;Ddltn] kf; ePsf]lyof] . ;f]xL ldltnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ xfdL of] jif{ !)@ cf}+cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg hfFb}5f} . cf7dfr{

dlxnf clwsf/ / cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf gofF cfofd yKg ;j} dlxnfclwsf/sdL{x?sfnflu k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]tsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

cf7dfr{sf] Oltxf; x]bf{ of] lbgnfO{ >lds dlxnfx?s}lbj;sf] ?kdf dfGg'k5{ . To;f] t 3/leq xf];\ jf aflx/ x/]s tx/ tKsfsf dlxnfx? >d u5{g / pgLx? >lds x'g\ . t/ ;Lldtk"FhLjfbL lrGtg, ;f+]r / Jojxf/ af]s]sf dlxnf clwsf/sdL{sf]?kdf cfkm"nfO{ lrgfpg rfxg]x?sf] nflu of] gf/L lbj;s} ?kdf/xnf . of] lbg dgf]/Ghg ug]{ / tf/] xf]6nx?df kf6L{ ug]{ sfo{qmdklg aGnfg\ . t/ cfd dlxnfx? Hf;n] cem} klg ;dfg sfdsf]nflu ;dfg Hofnf kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cem}klg 3/]n' lx+;fsfaLrdf afFr]/ 3/sf] 3]/f sf6\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ / bf;Lsf] hLjg afFRgljjz 5g\, pgLx?sf] nflu of] kSs} klg >lds dlxnf lbj;sf]?kdf g} /xg] 5 .

cfh klg xfd|f lbbLalxgLx? 3/]n' lx+;fsf sf/0f ;dfhdfdflg;sf] bhf{ kfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . dlxnfnfO{ cfdf, >LdtL/ 5f]/Lsf] ?kdf dfq :jLsf/ u/]sf] xfd|f] ;dfhnfO{ ;a}eGbf klxnfdlxnf klg dflg; x'g\ eGg] af]w u/fpg' h?/L 5 . o;y{ cfh klg;j} rfx] Tof] k'?if xf];\ jf k'?ifjfbL ;f]+r ePsf dlxnf x'g\dlxnfnfO{ x]g]{ ;+ls0f{ ;f+]r Jojxf/ / z}nLdf kl/jt{g ug'{ h?/L5 . cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;n]] ;j}df Tof] r]tgf hufcf];\;a}df z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .

cWoI fcWoI fcWoI fcWoI fcWoI fhgr]tgf / ljsf; d~r

c~hg kf}8]n


!= ljifo k|j]z/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ;DaGwL ax;

rln/xFbf xfn pl7/x]sf dlxnf, blnt,hghflt, k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{ tyf cGocNk;+Vosx?sf] cfjZostf / rfxgfnfO{;d]6\g ;+3Lotfsf] /0fgLlt dfq kof{Kt 5 ls5}g < oL k|Zgx? clxn]klg cg'Ql/t g}5g\ . efiff, hftLotf / ef}uf]lnstfsf] cfwf/df;+3Lo /fHo x'g'kb{5 eGg] ax;n] :yfg kfO/x]sf]a]nfdf ;+3Lo dfWodaf6 x'g nfu]sf] /fHosf]k'g;{+/rgfn] dlxnfx?sf] ;dfgtfsf] ljifonfO{;Daf]wg ug{ ;S5 ls ;Sb}g < dlxnfsf]cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/, dfgjclwsf/sf]k|Tofe"lt / Jojxfl/s k|of]usf] cj:yf s;/L;'lglZrt x'G5 < dlxnflj?4sf] lx+;f, k|ltlx+;fPj+ dlxnfnfO{ xf/sf] k|tLs, xLg / sdhf]/7fGg] ;+:s[lt, ;fdflhs Jojxf/ / lrGtgsf]cGTo ug{ ;+3Lo /fHox? k|ltj4 x'G5g\ lsx'Fb}gg\ < /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfn] kl/jf/leqJofKt dlxnflj?4sf] lx+;fnfO{ s;/L ;Daf]wgub{5 < kfl/jfl/s txdf ljBdfg lkt[;QfTdslg/+s'ztf / To;df cfwfl/t ;fdGtL zf]if0fsf]cGTo x'G5 ls x'Fb}g < dlxnfsf] JolQmuttxdf Gofo / clwsf/sf] cGt/;DaGw s:tf]/xG5 < s]Gb|Lo /fHosf] dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt;+j}wflgs Joj:yf, ;+3Lo /fHo Joj:yf /dlxnfclwsf/sf] ;DaGw s:tf] /xG5 < dlxnfdfgjclwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;+lxtf,;lGw ;Demf}tf / ;+3Lo /fHosf] ;DaGw s:tf]/xG5 < dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo / /fHosf]sfg"gsf] cGt/;DaGw s:tf] /xG5 < cyf{t\l;+uf]?kdf eGbf ca x'g] /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx?sf] lgldQ klg ;fFRr} g}/fHosf] k'g;+{/rgf x'g;S5 ls ;Sb}g <eGg] ;jfnx?nfO{ d}n] cfheGbf Ps jif{cufl8k|sflzt dlxnfåf/f kl/eflift /fHosf]k'g;+{/rgf gfds k':tsdf p7fPsL lyPF .ljut b'O{ltg jif{leq g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdfy'k|} ptf/r9fjx? ePsf 5g\ . t/, oL k|Zgx?cfh klg h:tfsf t:t} 5g\ . t;y{ k'gMcfkm}n] p7fPsf oL k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm vf]Hg]qmddf ;+3Lo Joj:yfnfO{ g]kfnL dlxnfsf]kIfdf s;/L pEofpg ;lsG5 eGg]af/] of]

n]vdf rrf{ ug]{ k|oTg u/]sL 5' .

@= ;+3Lo Joj:yf / dlxnfjf:tjdf ;+3Lo (Federal) zAbsf]

cy{ k|lt1fkq xf] h;cg';f/ b'O{ jf b'O{eGbfa9L b]z tyf /fHo–If]qx? cfk;L ;xdltsfcfwf/df Ps} 7fpFdf /xg d~h'/ 5g\ eg]/a'‰g ;lsG5 . o;k|sf/ ;+3Lo /fHosf] u7g/fHo–/fHox?aLrsf] ;xdltdf ePsf] x'G5 .;+3Lo Joj:yfdf ;/sf/sf] clwsf/nfO{;+ljwfgd} k|i6 Joj:yf u/L s]Gb| / k|fGtsf]nflu ljefhg ul/Psf] x'G5 .! o; Joj:yfdf;fdfGotof s]Gb| / /fHo u/L b'O{ txsf;/sf/ x'G5g\ cyf{t\ Gofokflnsf, sfo{kflnsf/ Joj:yflksf s]Gb| / /fHo b'a}df /x]sfx'G5g\ . s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n] ljb]zgLlt, d'b|fJoj:yfkg, ;'/Iff cflb s'/fx? x]b{5 eg]/fHo ;/sf/n] :yfgLo ;'/Iff, ljsf; lgdf{0f/ :yfgLo ;/f]sf/nufotsf sfdx? x]b{5 .;+3Lo /fHok|0ffnL cfkm}df dfly p7fOPsf;Dk"0f{ ;jfnx?sf] ;dfwfgsf] Psdfq cr'spkfo xf]Og . ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] d'Vo p2]Zogful/s tx;Dd /fHosf] pkl:yltsf] af]wu/fpg' xf] . /fHosf] ;|f]t, ;fwg / ;]jfx?nfO{gful/s tx;Ddsf] kx' Fr k'¥ofpg o;

;+/rgfnfO{ dfWod agfpg ;lsG5 .oyfy{df ;+3Lo Pj+ PsfTds b'a}

lsl;dsf k|0ffnLdf gful/sx?sf] :jtGqtfsf]xgg ePsf k|z:t pbfx/0f xfd|f;fd' 5g\ .;Lldt ju{ / JolQmsf xftdf zlQmsf] s]Gb|Ls/0f/ pgLx?åf/f zlQmsf] b'?kof]u ePsfpbfx/0f 5g\ . nf]stGqsf gfddf lg/+s'ztfnflbPsf] cfnf] Oltxf; xfd|f;fd' 5 . ;fy},sfg"gsf] ;jf]{Rrtfsf gfddf c;dfg sfg"gx?nfb]/ /fHon] v'ndv'Nnf dlxnfdfly zf]if0f/ HofbtL u/]sf pbfx/0fx? klg w]/} 5g\ .To;sf/0f ca ul/g] ;+3Lo Joj:yfn] dlxnfsf]klxrfgsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;jfn,dlxnf / k'?ifaLr ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts /cfw'lgs /fHosf sfg"gx?n] ;+/rgf u/]sfc;dfgtf / zf]if0fsf ce]B kvf{nx?sf]ljlgdf{0f u/L ;dfg zlQm;DaGw lgdf{0fl;tg} ;DalGwt 5 .

;j{k|yd, ;+3Lo Joj:yfaf6 g]kfnLdlxnfx?sf] ck]Iff s] xf] t < g]kfnLdlxnfx?sf] cfjZostf / pgLx?sf /0fgLlts;jfnx? s]–s] x'g\ < eGg] k|Zgx? dxTjk"0f{5g\ . /fHo k'g;{+/rgfsf qmddf dlxnf–k'?ifaLr ;dfg zlQm;DaGw lgdf{0f ug{sfnflu g]kfnL dlxnfsf ljleGg rfxgf /cfjZostfx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/g'kb{5 .ljrf/0fLo kIf s] 5 eg] ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx?sf]cfjZostfsf] k|fyldstf Ps}vfn] 5}g .pgLx?sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts,ef}uf ]lns, /fhgLlts, hftLo, eflifs,z}lIfs:t/ tyf ljsf;df kx'Fr / JolQmuttyf ;fdflhs klxrfg cflbsf cfwf/dfk|fyldstfsf] ;"rL km/s–km/s /x]sf] b]lvG5 .cfd dflg;x?n] g ]kfnsf ax '; +Vosd lxn fx?sf ] ;j fnn fO { c fw f /e " tcfjZostfl;t hf]8]/ x]g]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 .lzlIft dlxnfx?n] p7fpFb} cfO/x]sf ;'/Iff,klxrfg / cfTd;Ddfgsf] ;jfnnfO{ zxl/ofdlxnfsf] cfoftLt cleofg eGg] cf/f]kaf6g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] cleofg d'Qm 5}g .dxTjk"0f{ ljifo s] xf] eg] dlxnfsf] cfwf/e"tcfjZostfsf] cj:yf tndfly /x] klgpgLx?sf] ;fdflhs klxrfg / :yfg eg]

;j{k|yd, ;+3Lo Joj:yfaf6g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] ck]Iff s]xf] t < g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf]

cfjZostf / pgLx?sf/0fgLlts ;jfnx? s]–s]

x'g\ < eGg] k|Zgx? dxTjk"0f{5g\ . /fHo k'g;{+/rgfsf

qmddf dlxnf–k'?ifaLr ;dfgzlQm;DaGw lgdf{0f ug{sf

nflu g]kfnL dlxnfsf ljleGgrfxgf / cfjZostfx?nfO{

;Daf]wg ul/g'kb{5 .


c;dfgtf / e]befjdf cfwfl/t /x]sf]jf:tljstfnfO{ s;}n] gsfg{ ;Sb}g . To;}n]g]kfnL dlxnfsf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf, ;'/Iff,klxrfg, c?åf/f ;Ddfg / cfTd;Ddfgsf]cfjZostfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{tfdf x]g{ ;lsof] eg];du| dlxnfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{;lsG5 . d'n's ;+3Lo Joj:yfdf k|j]z ubf{sfavt / k|j]z u/]kl5 n}+lus?kdf ;dfgzlQm–;DaGw lgdf{0fsf nflu Wofg lbg}kg]{s]xL kIfx?sf af/]df tn ;+If]kdf rrf{ ug]{k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

@=!= cfwf/e"t / ;'/Iff;DaGwLcfjZostf

jf:tjdf cfd g]kfnL dlxnfsf]rfxgf lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfgf, ;|f]t / ;fwgdflysf] kx'Fr xf] cyf{t\ ;fdfGo efiffdf eGbfuf;, af; / skf;h:tf cfwf/e "tcfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{ ;xh / ;/n xf];\eGg] g} xf] . To;kl5 pgLx?sf] csf]{ k|d'v;jfn eg]sf] ;'/Iffsf] ;jfn xf] . ;fj{hlgs/ lghL If]qdf x'g] -3/]n' tyf dlxnflj?4sf]n}+lus lx+;f_ ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;fsf] cGTopgLx?sf] csf]{ k|d'v rfxgf xf] . ctM ;'/Iff/ lx+;flj?4sf] clwsf/sf] ljifodf rrf{ubf{ s'g} klg ;+3Lo /fHon] dlxnflj?4sf]lx+;fsf] cGTonfO{ df}lns xssf] ?kdf :yflktug'{kg]{ k"j{;t{ ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ug'{kb{5 .;+ljwfgljb\ ;'/]Gb| e08f/Ln] cfwf/e"tcfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{sf] klxnf] ;t{sf ?kdfef}lts k"jf{wf/, cfly{s j[l4b/ / ljsf;nfO[hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . ;fy} pgsf] ljrf/dfljsf;sf oL cfwf/x?sf] lgdf{0f to ug{sflgldQ nf]stGqfTds ;+/rgfsf] :yfkgf-sfg"gsf] zf;g, :jtGq Gofokflnsf, ;'zf;g,s'g} klg k|sf/sf] r/daf6 d'Qm ;dfh cflb_/ pQm ;+/rgfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g' cltcfjZos5 . of] sfo{ gful/ssf] pRr r]tgf:t/,;|f]t ;fwgsf] kof{Kttf, l:y/ /fhgLltsk|0ffnL, k|hftflGqs / alnof] ;/sf/af6 dfq;Dej x'g;Sg] egL cf}+NofOPsf 5g\ .@ o;sflgldQ åGåljb\ x\o'h d]nn] ?kfGt/0f k|lqmofdfhf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ ;jfnx?sf]?kfGt/0f, ;+/rgfut ?kfGt/0f, g]t[Tjsf]?kfGt/0f, JolQmut txdf ?kfGt/0f, tTsfnLgcj:yf k|d'v cfwf/x? x'g\ .#

@=!=!= z}lIfs cfwf/dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg lzIffsf] clwsf/

;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . x/]s dlxnf tyfafnaflnsfsf] lzIffdf kx'Fr lgwf{/0f ug{ lgMz'Ns/ afWofTds lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrtx'g'kb{5 . ;fy}, lzIff;DaGwL ePsf n}+luslje]bsf] cGTosf lgldQ ljz]if clwsf/nfO{;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . lzIffsf] clwsf/nfO{Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ dlxnfx?sf lgldQ lzz':ofxf/ s]Gb|x?sf] Joj:yf u/L ;fdflhslqmofsnfkdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ j[l4ug{ ;lsG5 . ljz]ifu/L u|fdL0f dlxnfclwsf/;'lglZrt ug{ lzIff;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s gLltcjnDjg ug'{kb{5 .

@=!=@= ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;xeflutfsf]clwsf/

g]kfnsf] cfhsf] ;jfn nf]stGq/ ljsf;sf] xf] . o;y{ ljsf;sf x/]s /0fgLlt/ ljsf; of]hgfx? to / lgdf{0f ubf{dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfsf] k|Tofe"lt PsdxTjk"0f{ ;jfn xf] . o:tf of]hgfx?sf] to/ lgdf{0f ubf{ dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ ;'lglZrtug'{kb{5 . To;}u/L ljsf; of]hgfx? / logsf]sfof{Gjogn] dlxnfsf cfjZostfx?sf] kl/k"lt{ul/g ] Joj:yfnfO { :yflkt ug ' { klgdlxnfclwsf/ / ;jnLs/0fsf] kIfdf ul/g]dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ xf] . jftfj/0fLo :jR5tf,:jf:Yosf] clwsf/, :jR5 vfg]kfgLdf kx'�r,hnljB'tsf] plrt k|jGw, oftfoft ;~hfnsf]plrt k|jGw nufot ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf ljifodfdlxnfsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf s]Gb| tyf/fHo ;/sf/n] ug'{kb{5 . dlxnfsf] e"lddflysf]clwsf/ / :jfldTjsf] ;jfnnfO{ /fHon]dlxnfsf] kIfdf x'g] u/L plrt k|jGw ug'{kb{5 .

@=!=#= kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf] clwsf/kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf] clwsf/sf]

ljifodf rrf{ ubf{ kl/jf/leq x'g] x/]s k|sf/sf]lg0f{odf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutfnfO{;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . s'g} klg ;+:s[lt /k/Dk/fsf] gfddf dlxnfsf] of] clwsf/ s;}af6

…

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vf]:g gkfpg] ljifonfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 .ljz]ifu/L kfl/jfl/s ;|f]t / ;fwgdf dlxnfsf];dfg clwsf/, pQm ;DklQsf] Joj:yfkgsf]clwsf/, cfkm\gf] hLjg;fyL 5fGg kfpg]clwsf/, ljjfx tyf ;DaGwljR5]bsf] ;dfgclwsf/, cfkm\gf afnaflnsfsf] :ofxf/ ;';f/dfdlxnf / k'?ifsf] klg ;dfg st{Jo / clwsf/,j}jflxs hLjgdf of}g ljifosf ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf]z/L/dflysf] clwsf/, k|hgg :jf:Yosf]clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . oL clwsf/x?s'g} klg ;+:s[lt / k|yfut sfg"gsf cfwf/dfxgg ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yf ;'/lIft ug'{kb{5 .

@=@= gful/s tyf /fhgLlts hLjgsf]clwsf/

/fHosf] x/]s txsf] lg0ff{os If]qdfdlxnfsf] g]t[TjnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . u|fdL0fdlxnfsf] xsdf ;d]t ;d'bfodf x'g] x/]sk |sf/sf lg0f {ox? h;n] k | ToIf jfck|ToIf?kdf dlxnfsf] hLjgdf k|efj kfb{5g\ .To:tf lg0f{o k|lqmofdf cfkm\gf ljrf/x? lbgkfpg], lg0f{o k|lqmofdf efu lng kfpg]dlxnfsf] xsnfO{ ;+/lIft ug'{kb{5 . ;dfgtfsf]clwsf/sf] jf:tljs sfof{Gjogsf lgldQ;a } ;/sf/L, u }/;/sf/L ; +/rgfx?k|hftflGqs ljrf/ / d"Nocg'?k k'g;+/lrtug'{kb{5 . To;}u/L, /fhgLlts clwsf/cGtu{t:jtGqtfsf] clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ug'{kb{5 .h;n] ;Ddfg / cfTd;Ddfgsf] clwsf/sf];+/If0fdf cx+ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 . To;}u/Lx/]s dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] j}jflxs hLjg h]h:tf] /x] klg lagf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] e]befj,gful/stf kl/Tofu ug]{ / gful/stf k|fKtug]{ clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . x/]sdlxnfnfO{ /fhgLlts cf:yfsf cfwf/df s'g}klg k|sf/sf] e]befj s;}af6 gul/g] Joj:yfklg plQs} dxTjsf ;fy ;'lglZrt x'g'cTofjZos /x]sf] 5 .

@=#= klxrfg / ;Ddfgsf] ;jfnklxrfgsf] ljifo p7fpFbf j}olQms

txdf dlxnf / k'?if ePsf cfwf/df cfkm\gf]klxrfg s;/L :yflkt ub{5g\ tyf ;fdflhstxdf x]bf{ ;fdflhs k|ltljDj / n}+lus ;+/rgfs:tf] /x]sf] 5 eGg] ljifonfO{ x]g{ ;lsof] eg]klxrfgsf] cfjZostfnfO{ s;/L ;Daf]wg ug{;lsG5 egL ljZn]if0f ug{ ;xof]u k'Ub5 .n}+lus ;+/rgf / ;fj{hlgs If]qdf ;fdflhsJojxf/÷ultljlwx? s;/L Jojl:yt /;+:yfut u/]sf 5g\ eGg] cfwf/df to ePsf]x'G5 .$ g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;fdflhs ;+/rgfdfk'?ifTj / :qLTjnfO{ kl/eflift ug]{ gfddfk'?ifTjnfO{ a9L dxTj / ;Ddfg lbPsf] kfOG5eg] :qLTjnfO{ sdhf]/ bhf{ / sd ;Ddfglbg] ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] k|efj dlxnfsf];fdflhs / JolQmut klxrfgdf k/]sf] k|i6

;dfgtfsf ] jf:tljs pkef ]unfO { sfof { Gjog ug {;dfgtfsf ] jf:tljs pkef ]unfO { sfof { Gjog ug {;dfgtfsf ] jf:tljs pkef ]unfO { sfof { Gjog ug {;dfgtfsf ] jf:tljs pkef ]unfO { sfof { Gjog ug {;dfgtfsf ] jf:tljs pkef ]unfO { sfof { Gjog ug {cfjZostfcg';f/ n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;dtfnfO{ k|j4{gcfjZostfcg';f/ n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;dtfnfO{ k|j4{gcfjZostfcg';f/ n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;dtfnfO{ k|j4{gcfjZostfcg';f/ n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;dtfnfO{ k|j4{gcfjZostfcg';f/ n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;dtfnfO{ k|j4{gug]{ ljz]if sfg"gx? Nofpg tyf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf]ug]{ ljz]if sfg"gx? Nofpg tyf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf]ug]{ ljz]if sfg"gx? Nofpg tyf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf]ug]{ ljz]if sfg"gx? Nofpg tyf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf]ug]{ ljz]if sfg"gx? Nofpg tyf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf]/0fgLltnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] df}lns xscGtu{t :yflkt ug{/0fgLltnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] df}lns xscGtu{t :yflkt ug{/0fgLltnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] df}lns xscGtu{t :yflkt ug{/0fgLltnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] df}lns xscGtu{t :yflkt ug{/0fgLltnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] df}lns xscGtu{t :yflkt ug{cToGt h?/L 5 .cToGt h?/L 5 .cToGt h?/L 5 .cToGt h?/L 5 .cToGt h?/L 5 .

x/]s dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] lzIffdf kx'Fr lgwf{/0f ug{x/]s dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] lzIffdf kx'Fr lgwf{/0f ug{x/]s dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] lzIffdf kx'Fr lgwf{/0f ug{x/]s dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] lzIffdf kx'Fr lgwf{/0f ug{x/]s dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] lzIffdf kx'Fr lgwf{/0f ug{lgMz'Ns / afWofTds lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .lgMz'Ns / afWofTds lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .lgMz'Ns / afWofTds lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .lgMz'Ns / afWofTds lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .lgMz'Ns / afWofTds lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .;fy}, lzIff;DaGwL ePsf n}+lus lje]bsf] cGTosf lgldQ;fy}, lzIff;DaGwL ePsf n}+lus lje]bsf] cGTosf lgldQ;fy}, lzIff;DaGwL ePsf n}+lus lje]bsf] cGTosf lgldQ;fy}, lzIff;DaGwL ePsf n}+lus lje]bsf] cGTosf lgldQ;fy}, lzIff;DaGwL ePsf n}+lus lje]bsf] cGTosf lgldQljz]if clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . lzIffsf] clwsf/nfO{ljz]if clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . lzIffsf] clwsf/nfO{ljz]if clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . lzIffsf] clwsf/nfO{ljz]if clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . lzIffsf] clwsf/nfO{ljz]if clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . lzIffsf] clwsf/nfO{Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ dlxnfx?sf lgldQ lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb|x?sf]Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ dlxnfx?sf lgldQ lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb|x?sf]Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ dlxnfx?sf lgldQ lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb|x?sf]Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ dlxnfx?sf lgldQ lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb|x?sf]Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ dlxnfx?sf lgldQ lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb|x?sf]Joj:yf u/L ;fdflhs lqmofsnfkdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{Joj:yf u/L ;fdflhs lqmofsnfkdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{Joj:yf u/L ;fdflhs lqmofsnfkdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{Joj:yf u/L ;fdflhs lqmofsnfkdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{Joj:yf u/L ;fdflhs lqmofsnfkdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 .j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 .j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 .j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 .j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 .


b]Vg ;lsG5 . JolQmut txdf cfd dlxnfx?cfkm"nfO{ sdhf]/, k/lge{/, ;xgzLn, bofn'/ 3/Jojxf/ ;DxfNg] JolQm cflbsf ?kdfk|:t't ub{5g\ eg] s]xLn] dfq cfkm"nfO{ ;Ifddlxnfsf ?kdf pEofOPsf] kfOG5 . hadlxnfsf] klxrfg ;fdflhs txdf lj:tf/x'G5 Tolta]nf cfd dlxnfnfO{ Pp6} ju{df/fvL sdhf]/ / x]osf] b[li6sf]0fn] x]/L ;f]xLcg'?ksf] ;fdflhs Jojxf/ / klxrfg tou/]sf] kfOG5 .

o;/L JolQmut klxrfgsf] ;+/rgfn]l;h{gf u/]sf] c;dfg zlQm;DaGwnfO{;fdflhs klxrfgn] klg k|i6?kdf b]vfpF5 .of] c;dfg zlQm;DaGwsf] ljlgdf{0f u/L ;dfgzlQm;DaGwsf] lgdf{0fsf lgldQ /fHoåf/f;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg'gL Joj:yf to ug'{nfO{dxTjk"0f{ /0fgLltsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .o;sf] cltl/Qm g]kfnL dlxnfn] rfx]sf] /fHosf]k'g;{+/rgfsf] cfwf/ eg]sf] :jtGqtfsf];'lglZrttf, zlQmsf] k'?if s]lGb|s/0fsf] cGTo,lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs txdf k'?if Psflwsf/sf]cGTol;t hf]l8Psf] 5 . o; cy{df dlxnf /k'?ifaLrsf] c;dfg zlQm;DaGwnfO{ ;Daf]wgug{ cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{ tyfsfg'gL / ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf dfq kof{Kt 5}g .@=$= ;f+:s[lts / wfld{s clwsf/sf] k'gk{l/efiffolta]nf k|yf, wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/h:tfljjfbf:kb / t/n ljifox?nfO{ klg ;fx;sf;fy p7fpg' h?/L 5 . o;sf k5fl8 k|d'vb'O{6f sf/0f /x]sf 5g\ . klxnf] s'/f t, k|yf,wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] jt{dfgkl/efiffn] k/Dk/fut c;dfg zlQm ;DaGwnfO{cem dha't agfpg] sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . bf];|f],gofF /fhgLlts kl/j]zdf ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f /hftLotfnfO{ ;lbof}+b]lv /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs,;f+:s[lts?kdf alxis/0fdf kb}{ cfPsfhghflt, dw]zL, blnt, lk5l8Psf ju{,;d'bfo / cNk;+Vos ;d'bfosf dflg;x?n]cfkm\gf] klxrfg / x}l;ot sfod ug{ rflxg]cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] ?kdf lnPsf] b]lvG5 .o; ;Gbe{df dlxnfx?n] ;ts{tfk"j{s ;f]Rg'kg]{dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg] log} ;+:s[lt /k/Dk/fn] klxrfg / cl:tTjnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{gfddf dlxnfdfly cGofo / lx+;fx? yf]k/L;lbof}+b]lv lkt[;Qfsf d"No / dfGotfnfO{kl/jf/, ;dfh / sfg"gsf] dfWodåf/f/fHo:t/df lg/Gt/tf lbb} cfpg] sfd ePsf]5 . dlxnfsf] dfgl;s bf;tf / k/lge{/tfsf]j}wflgstfsf] pb\ud ;|f]t eg]sf] k/Dk/f, wd{,;fdflhs d"No dfGotf / To;df cfwfl/t;+:s[lt g} x'g\ . To;sf/0f slxn]sfxLF hghflt/ cNk;+Vosx?sf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f Pj+klxrfgsf lgldQ cfkm\gf] hftLo klxrfg /;+:s[ltsf] cfwf/df gful/s clwsf/;lxtsf]hftLo :jfoQtf lbg] s'/f ;xh pkfo x'g;Snf . t/ dlxnfsf] xsdf cS;/ o;sf]kl/0ffd pxL hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts;d'bfoleqsf] ;f+:s[lts Psflwsf/, dlxnfdflyx'g] zf]if0f, bdg / lg/+s'ztfsf] ;zQm lg/Gt/tfx'g k'Ub5 .%

cfh;Ddsf] g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs,;f+:s[lts, cfly{s, /fhgLlts ;+/rgfx?nfO{x]bf{ oL ;+/rgfx? lkt[;Qfsf cfwf/sf ?kdf/x]sf 5g\ . ;dfhdf JofKt dlxnf /k'?ifaLrsf] c;dfgtf, ln+ue]b, dlxnf /

k'?ifsf] km/s JolQmTjsf sf/0f eO{ ;dfhsf];+/rgfsf] sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] . csf]{ s'/f,jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf cToGt dxTj lbOPsf] dlxnfk'?if ;dljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffn] ;dfhdfk'?ifåf/f dlxnfx? zf]lift ePsf 5g\ eGg]s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ ljifodf hf]8 lbPsf]kfOFb}g . To;sf/0f, n}+lus ;dfgtfnfO{ dfqhf]8 lb+bf dlxnflj?4sf] zf]if0fsf s'/fx?nf]k x'g k'U5g\ . o;sf lgldQ /fhgLltsclwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt dfq kof{Kt 5}g .klxrfgsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s :yflktug{ ;f+:s[lts clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s :yflktug{ ;f+:s[lts clwsf/nfO{ k/Dk/fb]lv rNb}cfPsf] k/Dk/f dfGg kfpg], d7dlGb/ / efiffhf]ufpg kfpg] clwsf/df dfq ;Lldt gu/Lc;dfg, lje]bk"0f { / dlxnfsf] df}lnsdfgjclwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{af6 al~rt ul/g]s'g} klg k|sf/sf] k/Dk/f / ;+:s[lt dfGgs;}nfO{ afWo gu/fOg] Joj:yf klg ;+ljwfgdfdf}lns xscGtu{t /fVg'kb{5 . s'g} klg ;+3Lo/fHon] ;+:s[lt k/Dk/fsf] ;+/If0fsf] gfddfdlxnfsf] :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ xgg gug]{u/L x/]s k|sf/sf] lx+;flj?4sf] clwsf/;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . To;sf/0f ;+:s[lt /wfld{s clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ubf{ ;f+:s[ltslx +;fsf ] cGTonfO { hf ]8 lbg 'kb {5 .^

To;}u/L, bf;tflj?4sf] clwsf/cGtu{ta]rlavg, j]Zofj[lQ, kf]gf] {u|fkmLnufotsfdlxnfsf] zf]if0flj?4sf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrtul/g'kb{5 .

@=%= ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] clwsf/ /lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] ;+/rgfut 9f Frfdfkl/jt{g

;+3Lo zf;g Joj:yfdf dlxnfclwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu kl/jf/,sfo{If]qnufot /fHosf x/]s txdf ;dfgtfsf]clwsf/sf] bfjL ug{;Sg] cj:yfnfO{ k|To]s;+3Lo /fHon] ;'lglZrt ug]{ Joj:yf ;+ljwfgdfk|i6 pNn]v ul/g'kb{5 . ;f/e"t ;dfgtfsf]of] clwsf/ k|Tofe"ltsf lgldQ /fHonfO{ dfqpQ/bfoL gt'NofO{ /fhgLlts bn, pBf]uJoj;fo, gful/s ;dfhh:tf ;dfhsf x/]slgsfonufot kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox? lhDd]jf/x'g] Joj:yfn] ;'lglZrttf sfod ul/g'kb{5 .To;sf/0f ;dfgtfsf] of] /0fgLlt sfof{GjogsflgldQ s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/ / /fHo ;/sf/sfx/]s gLlt, lgoddf ;dfgtfsf] Joj:yf;'lglZrt ul/g' cTofjZos 5 . ;dfgtfsf]jf:tljs pkef ]unfO { sfof { Gjog ug{cfjZostfcg';f/ n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;dtfnfO{k|j4{g ug]{ ljz]if sfg"gx? Nofpg tyf;sf/fTds lje]bsf] /0fgLltnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf]df}lns xscGtu{t :yflkt ug{ cToGt h?/L5 .

To; }u/ L b lnt , hghf lt ,lk5l8Psf] ju{, ef}uf]lns?kdf ljs6 7fpFdfa;f]jf; ug]{ dlxnf, u|fdL0f dlxnfx?;d]tu/L g]kfnsf ;a} dlxnfx?sf cfjZostfnfO{;Daf]wg ug{ ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] gLlt Ps;zQm pkfo x'g;Sb5 . o;sf cltl/Qm

ch/a}hfgL dlxnfsf];DDffgdf cfkm\g};d'bfoaf6 cfFr

;f]leot ;+3 lj36gkl5 ch/a}hfgsf] cg'ejnfO{ x]bf{ hftLo ;fd"lxsklxrfgsf] k|tLs dlxnfdlfy yf]kl/Psf] tLtf] cg'ej ToxfFsf dlxnfx?l;t 5 .To;sf/0f pgLx? elg/x]sf 5g\ ljut &) jif{df ;f]leot o'lgogn] a? xfd|f] ;DdfgdfcfFr k'¥ofPgg\ hlt xfd|} bfh'efO{x?n] of] kfFr jif{leq u/] . ;f]leot ;+3 lj36gkZrftsf];+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf tTsflns ;dfhdf ul/aL, c;dfg'kflts a]/f]huf/Lsf] l:ytLtyf o'4sf] k|efj cfGtl/s lj:yfkgsf sf/0f dlxnfx?nfO{ gofF Joj;fo of}g /kf]gf]{u|flkmsf] lg;fgL agfOof] . ch/a}hfgsf] /fhwfgL afs' gofF a}+sssf] gfdn]kl/lrt x'g yfNof] . To;}u/L s'dfl/Tj / hftLo jkmfbfl/sf] ;'/Iffsf lgldQ Pp6}hftLo ;d'bfoleq ljjfx ug'{kg]{ dfGotf yf]kl/of] . cfh Tof] dfGotfsf] a[l4 eO/x]sf]5 / o;sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu ch]/L dlxnfx?af6 g} Tof] dfGotfsf] lg/Gt/tfdf hf]8lbOPsf] 5 g ls k'?ifaf6 . ch/a}hfgL k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf vf;u/L #) b]lv %) jif{pd]/ ;d"xsf ch/a}hfgL dlxnfclwsf/sdL{x? cfkm\gf] hftLo ;d'bfo / klxrfk|lta9L cf;Qm / c/d]lgog Pj+ /l;og hftLotfk|lt c;lxi0f' b]lvPsf 5g\ . Pp6} hftLo;d'bfoleq ljjfx ug'{kg]{ dfGotf j[l4sf] sf/0f ljwjf dlxnfx?sf] j[l4 ljjfxsf]cj;/df sdL cfPsf] 5 . afFsL /x]sf clwsf+z k'?ifx?df klg a;fO;/fOsf] qmdj[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . dlxnfx? aRrfnfO{ x'sf{pg], ljjfxnfO{ Psf]xf]/f] wfGg'kg]{ ;+:s[ltePsf] ;dfhdf ljgf s'g} ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;xof]u PSn} 5f]l8Psf 5g\ . o;n]lkt[;QfTds ch/a}hfgL klxrfgsf] lgdf{0f ul//x]sf] 5 .& hftLotfdf cfwfl/t ;+3Lo/fHosf] d'2f p7fO/x]sf xfdLx?sf lgldQ klg of] 7"nf] l;sfOsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .


dlxnf dfgjclwsf/, sfg'gL clwsf/nufotGoflos Joj:yfsf] kx'FrnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/Ldlxnfsf ] hLjg:t/ psf:gsf lgldQr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ Joj:yfx'g'kb{5 . o;sf lgldQ cfjZos kg]{;+/rgfx?sf] /fHon] Joj:yf ug]{ ;'lglZrttfklg sfod ul/g'kb{5 .

;dfgtfsf] b"/b[li6 nIo k|fKt ug{cj;/ / kx'Frdf ;dtf sfod ug{ cGt/f{li6«o;lGw;Demf}tfx?åf/f lgb]{lzt dfkb08x?nfO{cfTd;ft ug'{kg]{ / ;sf/fTds lje]bsf]clwsf/nfO{ df}lns xscGtu{t /fVg'kb{5 .;fdflhs, cfly{s clwsf/cGtu{t /f]huf/,;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnfsf] clwsf/,lzIffsf] clwsf/, k|hgg tyf of}g :jf:YoPj+ ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIft ug'{kb{5 .lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] ;+/rgfut 9fFrfdf kl/jt{gsflgldQ /fHosf x/]s txdf dlxnfsf] ;dfglx:;]bf/L x'g' pgLx?sf] clwsf/ xf] . ctMx/]s tx / tKsfsf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf dlxnfsf];xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;sf/fTds lje]bsf]Joj:yf ;+j}wflgs?kdf ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 .ljz]ifu/L b'a} txsf ;/sf/sf lgsfox?Gofokflnsf, sfo{kflnsf, ljwflosf, ;+j}wflgslgsfox?, cfof]ux? / :yfgLo lgsfox?df%) k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrtul/g'kb{5 . o;sf lgldQ :yfgLob]lvs]Gb|;Ddsf] lgjf{rg k|0ffnLnfO{ dlxnfsf] kIfdfNofpg] /0fgLlt dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 .

@=^= n} + lus ;fdflhs Gofosf ]k |Tofe"ltsf lgldQ sfg"g / Gofok|zf;g

cfh;Ddsf] xfd|f] cg'ej s] 5 eg]k|yfut sfg"g / cfw'lgs /fHo b'a}n] dlxnfnfO{

Gofo lbg c;kmn x'Fb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . o;kl/k|]Iodf kof{Kt jftf{nfk / 5nkmnsf] cj;/n]/fHosf ] k 'g;{ +/rgf k | lqmofdf dlxnfdfgjclwsf/sf dfGotfx?nfO{ :yfgLo sfg"g/ hLjg k2ltdf 9fNg d2t ub{5 . o;n]dlxnf clwsf/sf] cfGbf]ng, /fhgLltsclwsf/ Pj + c leo fgd f d lxn f /;+:s[lt÷k/Dk/faLr gofF 9fFrf, d"No / dfGotfdfcfwfl/t /x]/ k'gM ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{ cj:yfl;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . ha dlxnfsf] ;dfgclwsf/sf] ljifodf rrf{ ul/G5, of] lg0f{ok|lqmofdf dlxnfsf] k"0f{ ;xeflutfaf6 dfqk|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . t;y{ sfg"g, sfg"gsf]zf;gnfO{ hLjg k4lt agfpg gLlt lgdf{0fk|lqmofdf dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ k"0f{?kdf;'/lIft ul/g'kb{5 . Gofo k|zf;g -cbfnt,cw{Goflos lgsfo, dWo:ytf s]Gb|nufot_sf x/]s txdf GofofwLzx? / Goflosclwsf/x?sf] lgo'lQm tyf a9'jfdf dlxnfsf]cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . dlxnf/ k'?if b'a}nfO{ k|yfut sfg"g, b]jfgL,kmf}hbf/Lnufot s/f/ sfg"gcg';f/ k"0f{ s/f/ug{;Sg] clwsf/ ;DklQ;DaGwL clwsf/,shf{;DaGwL clwsf/, k}t[s ;DklQdf ;dfgclwsf/ nufotsf Joj:yfx?df sfg"gåf/f;dfg Jojxf/ / sfg"gsf] cufl8 ;dfgtfsf]Joj:yfnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/L sfg"gsf] zf;g,sfg"gsf] ;jf]{RrtfnfO{ d'vl/t ul/g'kb{5 .Gofo ;DkfbgnfO{ lgikIf, r':t / n}+lus;+j]bgzLn agfpg ;sf/fTds / kLl8td'vLGofosf] clwsf/nfO{ df}lns clwsf/sf] ?kdf:yflkt ul/g'kb{5 . Gofok|0ffnL / Gofodf;a}sf] ;'ne kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{ lgMz'Nssfg"gL ;xfotfsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g'kb{5 . Gofo;Dkfbgsf qmddf aRrfl;tsf] cfdfsf]

;DaGwnfO{ olb dlxnf cleo'Qm g} /x]sf] ePklg ljz]if k|fyldstf /fVg] Joj:yf ;'lglZrtul/g'kb{5 .

@=&= sfg"gsf] zf;g/fHon] sfg"g / o;sf ljleGg

;+/rgfsf] dfWodaf6 lgof]lht?kdf g}lkt[;Qfsf] tfj]bf/L ub}{ cfPsf] kfOG5 .dlxnflj?4sf lje]bk"0f{ sfg"gx? o; s'/fdfHjnGt pbfx/0f x'g\ . sfg"gsf] zf;gk|hftflGqs zf;g oj:yfsf] Ps cToGtdxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ xf] t/ :jo+ sfg"g g} lje]bsf/L/ dlxnflj?4sf] ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts,dfgl;s, zf/Ll/s lx+;fnfO{ k/Dk/f, ;+:s[ltcyf{t k|yfut sfg"gsf] ?kdf JofVof u/Llx+;fnfO{ j}wflgstf k|bfg ug]{, k'?ifx?sf]kf}?ifTjsf] k/Dk/fut ljrf/, dfGotf /Jojxf/nfO{ k'g:yf{lkt ug]{ k|s[ltsf] /xG5eg] sfg"gsf] ;jf]{Rrtfsf] cy{ dlxnfsf] xsdfs;/L JofVof ug{ ;lsG5 < cfh;Ddsf]/fHosf] k|j[lQnfO{ x]bf{ /fHosf] ;Dk|e'tfsf]gfddf /fHon] cfkm\gf sfg"g, lgod, ;+ljwfg/ o'4sf] dfWodåf/f lx+;fnfO{ j}wflgstf lbb}cfPsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L x]bf{ /fHon] cfkm\gf/fhgLlts ultljlwx?nufot dlxnfnfO{3/leq x'g] lx+;faf6 ;+/If0f ug{ c;kmn eP/lx+;fnfO{ k'g:yf{lkt ub}{ cfPsf] kfOG5 .oltdfq geP/ dlxnfsf dfu, cfjZostf /pgLx?n] p7fPsf jfnx?df sfg'gL zf;gnfO{jf:tjd} Gofok"0f{ agfpg ?kfGt/0f k|lqmofdfghfg'sf] ljsNk 5}g . To; ?kfGt/0f k|lqmofdfdlxnf / k'?ifaLrsf] zlQmsf] Gofof]lrtafF8kmfF8sf lgldQ r]tgf clej[lQ, ;r]tk"j{sjftf{sf] tof/L k|lqmof, cfk;L ;Demf}tf /d]nldnfk h:tf åGå ?kfGt/0fsf cfwf/e"tk|lqmofdf ;+nUg x'g' cfjZos 5 .(

#= lgisif{;+3Lo /fHodf dlxnfsf] clwsf/nfO{

;'lglZrt ug{sf lgldQ ;+3Lo Joj:yfsfcfwf/x? to ubf{sf avt x'g] 5nkmnaf6g} z'? ug'{kb{5 . dlxnfx?sf] clwsf/k|Tofe"lt / ;+/If0fsf lgldQ ;'Gb/ cIf/n]df}lns xsx?sf] Uof/]06L ug'{ klxnf] sbdxf] . o;sf] sfof{GjognfO{ b[9tfk"j{s cl3a9fpg' bf];|f] / Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ sbd xf] .o;sf lgldQ ;+3Lo Joj:yf dfq klg cr'sx'Fb}g . ;+3Lo /fHo / ;/sf/nfO{ klg :yfgLo,hftLo, If ]qLo /fhgLlts bnx?sf ]:j]R5frfl/tf, :yfgLo 7"nf7fn'x?sf] af]njfnf/ lg/+s'ztfaf6 d'Qm /fVg h?/L 5 .;f+:s[lts / ;fdflhs?kdf ce]B /x]sf;+:yfut c;dfgtfx?nfO{ r'gf}tL lbg'cfjZos 5 . hftLotfsf] cfwf/df ;+3Lo/fHosf] rrf{ eO/xFbf dlxnfx? cfkm\gf] hftLo;d'bfol;t a9L jkmfbf/ x'g] ;Defjgf klgplQs} /xG5 . o;f] gx'gsf nflu ;dfgzlQm;DaGwdf cfwfl/t ;Demf}tfsf /0fgLltx?alnof] x'g' cfjZos 5 . o;sf lgldQ alnof],;+ul7t / Jojl:yt dlxnf clwsf/sdL{ ;+u7g/ ;d"xx?sf] e"ldsf cToGt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

dfly plNnlvt oL clwsf/x?sf]jf:tljs pkef]usf lgldQ oL Joj:yfx?nfO{;+ljwfgdf pNn]v u/]/ dfq k'Ub}g, b]zsf]zf;g k|0ffnL / k|zf;g Joj:yf k|efjsf/L 5

blIf0f clk|msL dlxnfdflyk|yfut sfg'gsf] df/

nfdf] cfGtl/s tyf jfXo cf]klgj]z, /+ue]b gLltnfO{ kf/ ub}{ blIf0f clkm|sf !(($ dfk|hftflGqs ;+ljwfgsf] pb\3f]if ub}{ k|hftflGqs /fi6«sf] :yflkt ePsf] lyof] . blIf0fclkm|sfsf] ;+ljwfgn] k|yfut sfg'g, k|rng, cEof;nfO{ ;+ljwfg;Ddt ;dfgtfdfcfwfl/t x'g'kg]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . blIf0f clkm|sg k|yfut sfg'gcflbjf;L clkm|sLx?sf] hLjgnfO{ zf;g ug]{ k/Dk/fut k|rng / lgod xf] . jf:tjdfcl3Nnf ;/sf/ / /fHonfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ k'?if a'h|'sx?n] pQm k|yfut sfg'gnfO{ ljleGgtj/n] dlxnflj?4 x'g]u/L a+UofPsf lyP . o; sfg'gn] dlxnfnfO{ bf]>f] bhf{ / k'?ifsf]clwg:y /fv]sf] lyof], oBkL o;sf s]xL ;sf/fTds kIfx? klg lyP . gofF ;/sf/n]pQm k|yfut sfg'gnfO{ k'gn]{vg ug]{ k|of; u¥of] t/ o;nfO{ clkm|sL ;dfhdf ljBdfgw]/} ;d"xx?n] y'k|} k|sf/sf ;jfnx? u/]sf lyP . o;} qmddf ;g\ !((* df cfP/ blIf0fclkm|sL ;+;bn] k|yfut ljjfx - k/Dk/fut ljjfx _ nfO{ sfg'gL ljjfx ;/xsf] dfGotflbg] sfg'g cg'df]bg u¥of] . o; k|sf/sf] lg0f{o ug]{ qmddf dlxnf clwsf/sdL{,k/Dk/fjfbL g]t[Tjdf /x]sf JolQm tyf cGo ;d"x?aLr 7"nf] ;+3if{ ePsf] lyof] . of] k|of;dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf ;sf/fTds pknlAw ePtfklg k/Dk/fut k|yf / k|rngsf;dy{sx?n] ax'kTgL /fVg kfpg] k|rng ;do kl/jt{g / cEof;;Fu} jx'kTgLk|yf klgsdhf]/ / sd x'Fb} hfG5 eGg] ts{sf] cfwf/df o; k|yfnfO{ lgif]w ug]{ sfg'gL Joj:yfNofpg rfx]gg\ . kl/0ffd:j?k k|yfut k|rngsf cfwf/df ax'ljjfx /f]Sg sfg'gL /f]snufOPg . a? ax'ljjfxleq dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf kfl/t ul/of] . k|yfutJoj:yfnfO{ k|hftflGqs sfg'gsf] bfo/fleq Nofpg] k|of; ePtfklg sfof{Gjogsf y'k|}r'gf}tLx? eg] oyfjt g} /x]sf 5g\ .*


ls 5}g eGg] ljifon] ljz]if dxTj /fVb5 .o; sfo{df sfg'gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff, o;cjwf/0ffdflysf] ljZjf;, ;Ddfg, /fHosf;]jfk|bfos / k|zf;lgs lgsfodf ;Dk"0f{gful/ssf] ;'ne kx'Fr, k|zf;lgs Ifdtf,/fhgLlts Joj:yf / gful/sx?sf ]cf:yfnufotsf ljifox?n] k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 .hxfF sfg'gL /fHo dha't x'Fb}g jf sfg'gL/fHok|lt lgi7f x'Fb}g, To:tf] k|zf;gn] gful/sclwsf/sf] /Iff ug{ g;Sg] x'G5 . To;}n]dlxnfx? cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf nflu ;r]tx'g}kb{5 . ;fy}, ;fdflhs ;/f]sf/sf ;a}ljifox? dlxnfsf ;/f]sf/sf ljifox? x'g\ .;+ljwfg gful/s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts,cfly{s, Goflos clwsf/sf] d"n b:tfj]hxf] . dfly rrf{ ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ ljifox?nfO{;+ljwfgn] lbzf lgb]{z ug{ ;Sb5 . ctM;+ljwfgnfO{ ultzLn agfpgsf lgldQ dflyplNnlvt sltko ;jfnx?df sfg"g /gLltx? agfpg cfjZos 5 . To;sf/0f;+ljwfgdf s'g–s'g ljifo /xg], s'g ljifosfnflu sfg"g, gLlt / lgb]{lzsfx? cfjZos/xG5 / s'g–s'g ;jfnx?nfO{ ljsf;of]hgfdfkm{t ;Daf]wg ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf ;r]tx'g cfjZos /xG5 . xfd|f] cg'ej s] 5 eg]sfg"g cfkm}df ;fWo xf]Og, of] ;fwg xf] .k|d'v ljifo km]l/ klg xfdL xfd|f] hLjgk4lts:tf] ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/t ePsf] x]g{ / ef]UgrfxG5f}+ eGg] g} xf] . o;sf lgldQ afx\o;+/rgfsf] :j?k ;+ljwfg, gLlt, P]g / lgodn]to u/] klg cfGtl/s ;+/rgfsf] :j?ksf]kl/jt{gsf nflu xfd|f] r]tgf:t/ / ljsf;sf]u|x0fzLntfsf] cfr/0fk4lt g} k|d'v xf] .

(cl:dtfaf6_cl:dtfaf6_cl:dtfaf6_cl:dtfaf6_cl:dtfaf6_;Gbe{ ;"rL1. Anderson, Jorge' Introduction offederalism, Forms of Federations,translated by kedar bhattarai in Nepal@= e08f/L, ;'/]Gb M ;+ljwfg;efdf gful/s;xeflutf ;DaGwL ;]e b lrN8«]gåf/f cfof]ltcGt/lqmofdf ;+3Lotf;DaGwL k|:t't sfo{kq,@))& dfr{ !^ .3. Mail, Huge'httpM www.berghaf-handbook.net4. Reimann, Cordula, Gender in Prob-lem-solving Workshops : A Wolf insheeps Clothing ?, Swiss Peace Foun-dation, November, 2004'p.85= t'nfw/, OGb', dlxnfåf/f kl/eflift /fHosf]k'g;{+/rgf -;]G6/ km/ j'dg, kL; P088]enkd]06, bf]>f] ;+:s/0f, @)^$_ k[=%—!^ .6. Saghal and Yuval- Davies 1992,Diana Francis, Culture, Power, Asym-metries and gender in conflict Trans-formation, ( Berghof Research Centerfor onstrutive ConflictMManagement. p.117. Tohidi, Nayerch, Gender; Religion,and Ethnicity in Post-SovietAzerbaijan: A Regional Perspective,Conference; Berkeley Program in So-viet and post soviet studies center forSlavic and East European Studies in-stitute of International Studies, Uni-

versity of California, Berkeley: may 2-3, 1997; p.85-868. Cathi, Albertyn, at.all; Engenderingthe Political Agenda A South AfricanCase Study; gender Research Projectof the Centre for Applied Legal Stud-ies, University of the Wtwaterstand,South Africa, United nations Interna-tional Institute for Research and

traning for the Advancement of womenDominican Republic, july1999; pp.83-1109. Francis, Diana; Culture, powerAsymmetries and gender in ConflictTransformation; Berghof ResearchCenter for Constructive Conflict Man-agement, p. 8.

lje]b cGTo ug]{ ;+j}wflgsJoj:yfsf] cfjZostf

xfd|f] ;dfh ;lbof} b]lv lkt[;QfTds k|0ffnLaf6;+rflnt x'b} cfPsf] 5 . wfld{s dfGotfsf cfwf/df /fHo;+rfngsf gLlt lgod lgdf{0f x'Fb} cfPsf] ;To xfdL s;}n]klg gsfg{ ;Sb}gf} . ljutsf ztflJbx?df lkt[;tfTds ,wfld{s / ;fF:s[lts cfwf/df ;dfh ;+rflnt x'b} cfPsfn]dlxnfx? k'?ifsf] clwgdf /xg' kg{] kl/l:ylt ;[hgf ePkZrft dlxnfx? cfly{s, z}lIfs, /fhg}lts, ;fdlhs g]t[Tjdfkx'Fr ljxLg x'g k'u]sf] 5n{Ë 5 .

xfd|f] b]z afO{;] rf}la;] /fHoaf6 ;+rflnt x'bfavt klg dlxnfx? k'?ifs} g]t[Tjdf kl/rflnt eP . To;}u/LPsfTds /fhtGqsf] zf;gsfndf klg dlxnfx? alxis/0fdf kfl/P . ;doqmddf /fHo;+rfngsf] :j?k kl/jt{g x'Fb} k|hftGq / u0ftGqfTds /fHo ;+rfng k|lqmof;DdcfOk'Ubf lnlvt b:tfa]hdf kfFr k|ltztb]lv k}lt; k|ltzt;Dd ;dfa]zL x'g] s'/f pNn]vt ul/of] tyfkL Jojxf/df k'/fg} 9/f{sf] lqmofsnfk eof] t/ klg k'/fgf] cj:yfdfkl/jt{gsf] ;'?jft ePsf] 5}g eGg] s'/f ug{ eg] ldNb}g .

ljZjsf] abln+bf] kl/l:ylt;+u} clxn] dlxnfx? cfkm"dflysf] bdg zf]if0f /alxis/0fnfO{ lgd{"n kfg{ dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;jfnnfO{ cufl8 a9fpb} cfPsf] cj:yf xf] .ha;Dd dlxnfdfly k|fs[lts cfwf/df ul/g] lje]b / ;fdflhs cfwf/df ul/Psfb'Jo{axf/x?sf] cGt xF'b}g ta;Dd dlxnfx? cfkm\gf] xs clwsf/ ;'/lIft ePsf] dx;';ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .

xfd|f] ;dfhdf t/fO{sf] 3'D6f] k|yf, ;'b'/ klZrdsf] b]psL, em'df k|yfsf] cjz]if,68\sf/f] ?kdf /x]sf] 5fpk8L k|yf, d'l:nd ;dfhdf /x]sf] a'sf{ k|yf, tnfs k/Dk/f,bfOhf] k|yf / afbL ;d'bfodf /x]sf] ljutsf] afWofTds of}g k]zfsf gsf/fTds cjz]ifx?/ hftLo ?kdf /x]sf] 5'jf5'tsf] Jojxf/, Pr=cfO=eL= P8\; ;+qmldt dlxnfdfly x'g]b'Jo{jxf/, anfTsf/, af]S;L cf/f]k h:tf s'/fx? k|d"v ;jfn tyf ;d:ofsf ?kdf /x]sf5g\ . pNn]lvt ljifox?df :yfgLob]lv /fli6«o tx;Ddsf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?hjfkmb]xL x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ cyjf agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g .

lautsf] nfdf] sfo{ cg'ejn] dnfO{ dlxnfsf] ;jfndf ;a} gful/s, /fHo;+rfnsx?, gLltlgdf{tfx? nufot lgld{t gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{] lgsfo ;a} kIfx?;+j]bgzLn gb]lvPsf], dlxnf ;jfndf k}/jL ubf{ k'/fg} ;fdGtafbL Jojxf/ bf]xl/Psf]cfefif lbG5 . rfx] Tof] sfg"gL tj/df xf];, of Jojxfl/s kl/l:ylt b'j}df st} lgikIfe]6\g ;l+sb}g .

jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf dlxnfx? cfkm\gf clwsf/sfnflu ;f+u7lgs ?kdf cfjfhp7fpb} cfPsf 5g\ . t/ sltko hftLo tyf If]lqo :t/df p7]sf ;jfnx? /fli6«o ;jfnagfpg g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u gfd dfqsf] 5 . df]km;ndf o;sf]gfd;Dd klg g;'Gg]x? w]/} xf]nfg\ . u|fdL0f :t/sf dlxnfxn] v]Kg'k/]sf kL8faf6 cfof]ua]vj/ 5 .

dlxnf clwsf/jfbLx?sf] nfdf] ;3+if{, sfo{ cg'ej, dlxnf ;jfn, dlxnf;DaGwL /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o sfg"g / lj1x?sf] ;'emfjx?nfO{ cfTd;ft u/L dlxnfclwsf/sf s'/f /fi6«sf] k|d'v sfg"gdf pNn]v x'g' kg{] cfhsf] k|d"v cfjZostf xf] .h;n] If]qLo, n}lËs tyf hftLo?kdf /x]sf lje]bnfO{ lgd{'n u/L clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyfk|j4{g x'g ;S5 . dlxnf cfof]usf] ;+j}wflgs x}l;ot lgdf{0f / dlxnf d}qL gofF ;+ljwfgsfg'g tyf sfof{Gjogsf] tx;d]t n}lu+s ?kdf ;+j]bgzLn jgfpg ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx?n]Pstfj4 eP/ cfjfh p7fpg h?/L 5 .

lgd{nf u'Ktf jfbL


! = d Wok l Zrds f ]! = d Wok l Zrds f ]! = d Wok l Zrds f ]! = d Wok l Zrds f ]! = d Wok l Zrds f ]k|x/L k|d'v x'g'x'G5 .k|x/L k|d'v x'g'x'G5 .k|x/L k|d'v x'g'x'G5 .k|x/L k|d'v x'g'x'G5 .k|x/L k|d'v x'g'x'G5 .o f ] I f ] qs f ]o f ] I f ] qs f ]o f ] I f ] qs f ]o f ] I f ] qs f ]o f ] I f ] qs f ]z f l G t ; ' / I f f s f ]z f l G t ; ' / I f f s f ]z f l G t ; ' / I f f s f ]z f l G t ; ' / I f f s f ]z f l G t ; ' / I f f s f ]cj:yf s:tf] 5 <cj:yf s:tf] 5 <cj:yf s:tf] 5 <cj:yf s:tf] 5 <cj:yf s:tf] 5 <

dWoklZrdIf]qsf] zflGt;'/Iffsf]cj:yf x]bf{ xTof, lx+;f,anfTsf/, rf]/L, 8s}tLh:tf s'/fx? klxn]sf]b f Fh f ] d f sd 5 .;a } lt/a f6 cfPsf ];'emfjsf] cfwf/df d}n]eg]sf] xf] . h'jftf;lgoGq0f, dfbs kbfy{; ] jgd f lgo Gq0 fb]lvPsf] 5 . k|x/Lkl/rfng nufotsf ;a}ljifo /fd|f] ePsf] eGg]hgtfsf ] egfO{ d}n]kfPsf] 5' . Ifltu|:tk | x / L r f }s Lx?k'gM:yfkgf x'g] qmddf5g \ . dWoklZrddfIfltu|:t ePsf ! ;o(@ dWo] s]xL ag]sf 5g\,s]xL aGb}5g\ . ck/fwcg';Gwfgsf] ;Gbe{dfg ] k fn k | x / Ld f;fwg;|f]tsf] sdL 5 .

uf8L, gofF k|ljlw k|of]u u/]/ ck/fwL sxfF k'lu;s]sf] x'G5 <cg';Gwfgdf hfg] k|x/Ln] ;fj{hlgs uf8L slta]nf cfpnf eg]/ s'/]/a:g'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . y'k|} cK7\of/fsf afah'b g]kfn k|x/L zflGt;'/Iff;'b[9 ug{ k|ltj4 5 .

@= dWoklZrd If ]qsf dlxnfsf ] ;du| cj:yfnfO { s;/L@= dWoklZrd If ]qsf dlxnfsf ] ;du| cj:yfnfO { s;/L@= dWoklZrd If ]qsf dlxnfsf ] ;du| cj:yfnfO { s;/L@= dWoklZrd If ]qsf dlxnfsf ] ;du| cj:yfnfO { s;/L@= dWoklZrd If ]qsf dlxnfsf ] ;du| cj:yfnfO { s;/Lx]g' {x'G5 <x]g' {x'G5 <x]g' {x'G5 <x]g' {x'G5 <x]g' {x'G5 <

dWoklZrd If]qsf] k|d'v eP/ cfPb]lv g} d}n] lbgx'Fh;f]dlxnfsf] cfTdxTofsf] 36gf x]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . clwsf/;DkGg, cfTdlge{// ;zQm dlxnfn] cfTdxTof ub}{g . s'6lk6, ckx]ngf ;xg g;s]/cfkm"dflysf] lx+;f ;xg g;s]/ g} cfTdxTof;Dd k'Ug] u5{g\ . cfTdxTofug]{ cj:yf;Dd k'Ug' lx++;fsf] k/fsfi7f xf] eGg] d]/f] ljZn]if0f 5 .To:t} anfTsf/sf 36gf klg ;'lgg] u5{g\ . cTolws 3/]n' lx+;f 5 .To;f] t g]kfnel/ g} x]g]{ xf] eg] !@÷!# ;osf] xf/fxf/Ldf 3/]n'lx+;fsf] l/kf]l6{ª x'Fbf Ps b'O{;o dfq cGo lx+;fsf 36gfx? l/kf]l6{ªx'g] u5{g\ . dWoklZrdsf] cj:yf klg o:t} g} xf] .

#= k|x/L k|d'v dlxnf x'g'sf] s'g} cK7\of/f 5g\ ls <#= k|x/L k|d'v dlxnf x'g'sf] s'g} cK7\of/f 5g\ ls <#= k|x/L k|d'v dlxnf x'g'sf] s'g} cK7\of/f 5g\ ls <#= k|x/L k|d'v dlxnf x'g'sf] s'g} cK7\of/f 5g\ ls <#= k|x/L k|d'v dlxnf x'g'sf] s'g} cK7\of/f 5g\ ls < dlxnfsf] ljifodf af]Nbf …dlxnfÚ x'g'sf] cfIf]k cfpg]

u5{ . l8cfOhL t ;a}sf] l8cfOhL xf] lg, lsg dlxnfsf] ljifodfaf]Ng] eGg] s'/f ul/G5 . t/ d eGg] u5'{— h'DNofxf aRrfdWo] b'O{dfPp6f /f]uL / sdhf]/ 5 eg] sdhf]/ aRrfnfO{ :ofxf/ ug{ afa'cfdfn]w]/} Wofg lbPsf] x'G5 . dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;Gbe{ klg To:t} xf] . hf]sdhf]/ 5, To;kIfnfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . 36gf cg';Gwfgdf dlxnfsf]ljifo cfpFbf o:t} s'/f cfpg] u5{g\ . k'?ifnfO{ s'g} ;d:of eP dTof] klg x]5'{, dlxnfsf] dfq} xf]Og . dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] ;d:of af]s]/cfPsf] v08df Tof] x]g]{ bfloTj k|x/Lsf] xf] . kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbg] /cleo'QmnfO{ ;hfo lbg] b]zsf] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]/ a;]sfxfdLx?sf] bfloTj g} xf] . o;sf/0f klg kLl8t dlxnfsf] ;d:of x]g]{bfloTj d]/f] xf] / d}n] x]g{'k5{ .

$= ;'GtnL wfdLsf] d'2fdf tkfO+{sf] gfd klg rrf{df cfof] .$= ;'GtnL wfdLsf] d'2fdf tkfO+{sf] gfd klg rrf{df cfof] .$= ;'GtnL wfdLsf] d'2fdf tkfO+{sf] gfd klg rrf{df cfof] .$= ;'GtnL wfdLsf] d'2fdf tkfO+{sf] gfd klg rrf{df cfof] .$= ;'GtnL wfdLsf] d'2fdf tkfO+{sf] gfd klg rrf{df cfof] .wfdLsf ] kIfdf cl8u /x]sf ] sf/0f tTsfnLg u[xdGqLsf ]wfdLsf ] kIfdf cl8u /x]sf ] sf/0f tTsfnLg u[xdGqLsf ]wfdLsf ] kIfdf cl8u /x]sf ] sf/0f tTsfnLg u[xdGqLsf ]wfdLsf ] kIfdf cl8u /x]sf ] sf/0f tTsfnLg u[xdGqLsf ]wfdLsf ] kIfdf cl8u /x]sf ] sf/0f tTsfnLg u[xdGqLsf ]c;xof]u, ;?jf nufotsf ljifo aflx/ cfP . w]/} cK7]/f]c;xof]u, ;?jf nufotsf ljifo aflx/ cfP . w]/} cK7]/f]c;xof]u, ;?jf nufotsf ljifo aflx/ cfP . w]/} cK7]/f]c;xof]u, ;?jf nufotsf ljifo aflx/ cfP . w]/} cK7]/f]c;xof]u, ;?jf nufotsf ljifo aflx/ cfP . w]/} cK7]/f]eof] xf]nf x} <eof] xf]nf x} <eof] xf]nf x} <eof] xf]nf x} <eof] xf]nf x} <

d ufx|f] dflGbg . cGofo,cTofrf/, ljs [ ltsf l j ? 4n8\g]x?n] cK7]/f] dfGg] x ' F b } g . t/;kf]6{ kfOFb}g . ;'GtnL wfdLsf] d'2fdfdnfO{ s;}n] ;kf]6{ u/]g . kL l8tn ] d; FucfP/ h'g l:yltdf s'/fx? e lgg \ , To f ]l :y lt b ]v ] / p md f ly anfTsf/ ePsf]eGg] d]/f] egfO{ xf] . ha of] s ' / f dcbfnt;fd' uP/ eGg tof/ 5 ' eg ]; ' GtnL wfdLlj?4af]Ng]nfO{ anfTsf/gu/]sf] s'/f uP/cbfntdf eGgr'gf }tL lbPsf ]d }n ] . PSnf ]…a [x:kltÚnfO {e'm6\7f agfpg]k|of; t eof]t / ;Tocflv/ ;To g}xf] . ;'GtnLw f d L n ]G o f okfOg\ .

JolQmut: j f y {g e Phlt;'s}c K 7 ] / f ]ePklg af]Ng; l s G 5 .:jfy{ 3';]kl5ufx | f ] x 'g ]xf] . dnfO{cfb]z lbg]hf]sf]xLsf]unt sfdgubf{ dnfO{k|df]zg x'Fb}gls, cyjf;?jf u5{ls eGg] :jfy{3 '; ]sf ] eP; l S b g y ] +x f ] n f . t/;?jf u/]klg dtof/, hflu/ g}vfOlbP klg dtof/, ;To af]n]/5 f ] 8 \ g ] d f G5 ]ePsf ]n ] cl8u/x]F . ;xL s'/fub f { 8/ fpg '

ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfn k|x/Ldf;fwg;|f]tsf] sdL 5 . uf8L, gofF k|ljlwk|of]u u/]/ ck/fwL sxfF k'lu;s]sf] x'G5,cg';Gwfgdf hfg] k|x/Ln] ;fj{hlgs uf8Lslta]nf cfpnf eg]/ s'/]/ a:g'kg]{ cj:yf5 . y'k|} cK7\of/fsf afah'b g]kfn k|x/LzflGt;'/Iff ;'b[9 ug{ k|ltj4 5 .

h'DNofxf aRrfdWo] b'O{dfPp6f /f]uL / sdhf]/ 5

eg] sdhf]/ aRrfnfO{:ofxf/ ug{ afa'cfdfn]w]/} Wofg lbPsf] x'G5 .dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;Gbe{

klg To:t} xf] . hf]sdhf]/ 5, To;kIfnfO{Wofg lbg'k5{ . 36gfcg';Gwfgdf dlxnfsf]ljifo cfpFbf o:t} s'/fcfpg] u5{g\ . k'?ifnfO{s'g} ;d:of eP d Tof]

klg x]5'{, dlxnfsf]dfq} xf]Og .


x'Fb}g . cK7]/f cfpF5g\ t/ 6/]/ hfG5g\ .

% = dlxnf eP/ k | lt:kwf {d f cfpg slt ;lhnf ] slt% = dlxnf eP/ k | lt:kwf {d f cfpg slt ;lhnf ] slt% = dlxnf eP/ k | lt:kwf {d f cfpg slt ;lhnf ] slt% = dlxnf eP/ k | lt:kwf {d f cfpg slt ;lhnf ] slt% = dlxnf eP/ k | lt:kwf {d f cfpg slt ;lhnf ] sltufx|f ] <ufx|f ] <ufx|f ] <ufx|f ] <ufx|f ] <

dlxnfx?n] JolQmut ;d:of cufl8 ;fg]{ xf] eg] k|ultug}{ ;lsFb}g . k|x/L ;+u7gleq sfd u/]sf] @* jif{ lalt;Sof] .k|x/Lleq dfq xf]Og x/]s If]qdf dlxnfn] sfd ug]{ kl/l:ylt Psbd}k|lts"n 5 . !@ dlxgf k'?if bfh'efO;Fu} tflnd lnOof] . t/ tflnd;lsPkl5 dlxnfnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbFbf dlxnf sxfF ;S5 h:tf] s'/fx?cfP . dlxnfn] If]q rnfpg ;Sb}g eGg] klg ;'lgof] . lhDd]jf/L ePg;Sg] eGg] g} x'Fb}g . k|Zg ug{ dg nfU5— clxn] s;n] cfP/rnfPsf] 5 t < d}n] u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLdf dlxnf ePsf] sf/0faf6of] sfd ug{ ;s]g eg]/ k|dfl0ft ug{ d clxn] g} klg cf/f]knufpg]x?nfO{ Rofn]Gh u5'{ . k|dfl0ft ug'{k¥of] . xfd|f] ;fdflhskl/j]zn] dlxnfnfO{ w]/} ufx|f] 5 . ufx|f] sfd ug]{ Ifdtf geP/ xf]Ogcj;/ / jftfj/0f k|lts"n eP/ xf] . 86]/ nfUg'k5{ cfkm"nfO{ ;Ifdk|dfl0ft ug{ .

%= n}lËs lje]b cfh klg cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts,%= n}lËs lje]b cfh klg cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts,%= n}lËs lje]b cfh klg cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts,%= n}lËs lje]b cfh klg cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts,%= n}lËs lje]b cfh klg cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts,Goflos x/]s If]qdf JofKt 5 . dlxnfdfly a9\bf] lx+;fGoflos x/]s If]qdf JofKt 5 . dlxnfdfly a9\bf] lx+;fGoflos x/]s If]qdf JofKt 5 . dlxnfdfly a9\bf] lx+;fGoflos x/]s If]qdf JofKt 5 . dlxnfdfly a9\bf] lx+;fGoflos x/]s If]qdf JofKt 5 . dlxnfdfly a9\bf] lx+;f-lje]b_sf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <-lje]b_sf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <-lje]b_sf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <-lje]b_sf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <-lje]b_sf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <

Pp6f cWoogn]] Ps ;o lx+;fsf 36gfdWo] gAa]36gfsf kLl8t dlxnf, 36gfsf kL8sdWo] (% hgf k'?if / % hgfdfq dlxnf kL8s e]l6Psf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ljleGg cWoogsf] tYo /xfd|f] ;dflhs kl/j]znfO{ x]bf{ dlxnfx? kLl8t ePsf] cj:yf 5 .pbfx/0fsf] nflu 5f]/L hGdfpgdf dlxnfsf] s'g} bf]if x'Fb}g t/PSsfO;f}+ ztfJbLsf] dfgjn] 5f]/L s;/L x'G5 eGg] yfxf gkfP/ 5f]/LkfPsf] lgx'Fdf >LdtLnfO{ d/0ff;Gg x'g]u/L lkl6/x]sf] 5 .

xfdLn] ev{/} :j:yfgLsf] a|t ;Sof}+ . :j:yfgLsf] dfq} s'/fubf{ ToxfF dlxnfn] nf]Ug]nfO{ cfFvf t/]/ x]/] …8]/LÚ x'G5], d'v nfUof] eg]…nf6LÚ x'G5] eg]/ n]lvPsf] 5 t/ >LdtLnfO{ cfFvf tg]{ d'v nfUof] eg]

o:tf] x'G5 eg]/ klg n]Vg'k/\of] lg . o:tf] lje]bk"0f{ wfld{s;+:sf/n] xfdLnfO{ lgb]{lzt u/]sf] l:ylt 5 . wd{sf] lj/f]wu/]sf] xf]Og t/ klt k/d]Zj/ eGg], r/0fsL bf;L eGg],v'§fsf] kfgL vfg'kg]{ o:tf] n]lvPsf] k':tsx? kl/dfh{gug'{ h?/L 5 . tL s'/fx? n]lvPsf lstfax? a]Rg' /lsg]/ k9\g' nHhf:kb s'/f xf] . dlxnfnfO{ s'g :yfgdf/fv]sf] 5 eg]/ ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . cfhsf] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdfljZj cfh sxfF k'lu;Sof] < xfdL cfFvf t/]/ x]/]df …8]/LÚ x'G5]h:tf] s'/f ;'g]/ a:g] t < s'/f zAbsf] dfq} xf]Og, xfd|fdfGotfn] dlxnfnfO{ s'g :yfgdf /flvPsf] 5 eGg] s'/fdfljZn]if0f ug]{ s'/f xf] .

dlxnfdfly x'g] lje]b lx+;fsf] bf]ifL dlxnfnfO{agfpg] rng klg b]lvG5 . t/ To:tf] xf]Og\ . xfdLx?o:tf] ;+:sf/df x's]{sf 5f}+ ls Tof] kl/jt{g ug{ ufxf/f] 5 .5f]/fn] d/]kl5 sfFwdf xfn]/ n}hfG5, lsl/of a:5, >f4u5{, 5f]/f eP :ju{df k'luG5 h:tf wf/0ffn] ;dfhdfJolQmsf] ;f]+rdf h/f uf8]sf] 5 . afFr'Gh]n h] u/f]; dtna5}g, d/]kl5 ug]{ elgPsf] sfdn] dlxnfn] 5f]/fnfO{ g} dxTjlbg] u5{g\ . dlxnf of k'?ifsf] bf]ifsf] s'/f xf]Og . oL ;a}s'/fx? xfd|f ;+:sf/n] g} l;sfPsf x'g\ . oxL kl/j]z,;+:sf/ l;Sb} x's]{sf JolQmx?g} x/]s If]qsf] g]t[Tjdf x'FbfoL ;d:of xn x'g g;s]sf x'g\ . xfd|f lje]bo'St ;+:sf/,dfGotfn] g} lje]b >[hgf u/]sf] xf] .^= xfd|f] kl/j]z abNg s] ug'{knf{ <^= xfd|f] kl/j]z abNg s] ug'{knf{ <^= xfd|f] kl/j]z abNg s] ug'{knf{ <^= xfd|f] kl/j]z abNg s] ug'{knf{ <^= xfd|f] kl/j]z abNg s] ug'{knf{ <

gofF k':tfnfO{ ;'lDkg] xfd|f] ;+:sf/, ;fdflhs kl/j]z,d"NodfGotfx? kl/dfh{g x'g' cfjZos 5 . To:t} dlxnfx?n]l5§} ljx] ug]{ / ljx]kl5 k9fO 5f]8\g] rngn] pgLx?nfO{k/lge{/ agfPsf] 5 . k/lge{/ x'Fbf g} ckx]lnt x'g'kg]{ lx+;f;xg'kg]{ l:ylt cfpF5 . ckx]lnt gx'gsf nflu ljjfxkl5klg k9fO{ / sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' k5{ . dlxnfn] cfkm\gf]cfly{s l:ylt ;'b[9Ls/0fdf ljz]if Wofg lbg'k5{ .&= Gofo vf]Hb} k|x/L;Dd k'u]sf dlxnfx?sf] d'2f&= Gofo vf]Hb} k|x/L;Dd k'u]sf dlxnfx?sf] d'2f&= Gofo vf]Hb} k|x/L;Dd k'u]sf dlxnfx?sf] d'2f&= Gofo vf]Hb} k|x/L;Dd k'u]sf dlxnfx?sf] d'2f&= Gofo vf]Hb} k|x/L;Dd k'u]sf dlxnfx?sf] d'2fbt f { ug } { ;d:o f x ' g ] s ' / f a f l x / c fp F5g \bt f { ug } { ;d:o f x ' g ] s ' / f a f l x / c fp F5g \bt f { ug } { ;d:o f x ' g ] s ' / f a f l x / c fp F5g \bt f { ug } { ;d:o f x ' g ] s ' / f a f l x / c fp F5g \bt f { ug } { ;d:o f x ' g ] s ' / f a f l x / c fp F5g \lg <lg <lg <lg <lg <

xfd|f] dfGotf ;fdflhs kfl/jfl/s ;+/rgf gelTsof];\eGg] 5 . xfd|f] dfq xf]Og blIf0f Plzofs} o:tf] k/Dk/f 5 . o;n]yf]/} k|efj kf/]sf] x'g;S5 t/ Gofo vf]Hb} cfPsf] dlxnfnfO{ ldNgbafa lbg'x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f g} k|d'v xf] . dlxnf / jfnjflnsfsf d'2fx?ljz]if ;+j]bgzLn eP/ x]g{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] x'G5 . sfd ePsf] xf]nfeGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUg] t/ ge}/x]sf] s'/f xfdLnfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g . ;+u7gsf^) xhf/ kmf}h ;a} k|lzlIft x'g g;Sbf klg x'g ;S5 . dfgjclwsf/ dlxnf clwsf/sf ljifok|lt ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] ul/P klgck'u x'Fbf oL ;d:ofx? cfPsf x'g;S5g\ . ;a}sf] ;xof]uaf6 oLs'/fx? lg?k0f ug{ ;lsG5 . * =k|x/L ;+u7g leq n} + lus lx+;fsf ] ;Gbe{df ul/Psf]* =k|x/L ;+u7g leq n} + lus lx+;fsf ] ;Gbe{df ul/Psf]* =k|x/L ;+u7g leq n} + lus lx+;fsf ] ;Gbe{df ul/Psf]* =k|x/L ;+u7g leq n} + lus lx+;fsf ] ;Gbe{df ul/Psf]* =k|x/L ;+u7g leq n} + lus lx+;fsf ] ;Gbe{df ul/Psf]Pp6f cWoog ev{/ } ;fj {hlgs ePsf ] 5 . cWoogaf6Pp6f cWoog ev{/ } ;fj {hlgs ePsf ] 5 . cWoogaf6Pp6f cWoog ev{/ } ;fj {hlgs ePsf ] 5 . cWoogaf6Pp6f cWoog ev{/ } ;fj {hlgs ePsf ] 5 . cWoogaf6Pp6f cWoog ev{/ } ;fj {hlgs ePsf ] 5 . cWoogaf6k|x/L dlxnf k'?if ;xsdL{af6 of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf]k|x/L dlxnf k'?if ;xsdL{af6 of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf]k|x/L dlxnf k'?if ;xsdL{af6 of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf]k|x/L dlxnf k'?if ;xsdL{af6 of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf]k|x/L dlxnf k'?if ;xsdL{af6 of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf]tYo aflx/ cfof] . of] ljifodf s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <tYo aflx/ cfof] . of] ljifodf s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <tYo aflx/ cfof] . of] ljifodf s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <tYo aflx/ cfof] . of] ljifodf s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <tYo aflx/ cfof] . of] ljifodf s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <

x/]s If]qh:t} of] If]q klg lkt[;QfTds lrGtgaf6 d'Qm5}g . hflu/s} sf/0f klg sfo{:yndf x'g] lx+;fsf] ljifosf s'/fx?aflx/ cfpg ufxf/f] x'g] ub{5 . o:tf] l:yltdf of] cWoogsf] w]/}dxTj 5 . cWoogsf] cfwf/df k|x/L ;+u7gleq n}+lus gLlt agfpg]k|lqmof z'? ul/Psf] 5 .(= k|x/L ;+u7gleq dlxnf ;xeflutf s:tf] 5 <(= k|x/L ;+u7gleq dlxnf ;xeflutf s:tf] 5 <(= k|x/L ;+u7gleq dlxnf ;xeflutf s:tf] 5 <(= k|x/L ;+u7gleq dlxnf ;xeflutf s:tf] 5 <(= k|x/L ;+u7gleq dlxnf ;xeflutf s:tf] 5 <

clxn] 5 k|ltzt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf 5 . gofFegf{kl5 @) k|ltzt k'Ub}5 . dflyNnf] txdf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof sd g}5 .!)= cGTodf ;d/]vf dfkm{t s]xL eGg rfxg'x'G5 ls <!)= cGTodf ;d/]vf dfkm{t s]xL eGg rfxg'x'G5 ls <!)= cGTodf ;d/]vf dfkm{t s]xL eGg rfxg'x'G5 ls <!)= cGTodf ;d/]vf dfkm{t s]xL eGg rfxg'x'G5 ls <!)= cGTodf ;d/]vf dfkm{t s]xL eGg rfxg'x'G5 ls <

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] bf]ifL k'?if JolQm dfq xf]Og .kl/l:ylt bf]ifL xf] / ;fdflhs kl/j]z bf]ifL xf] h;n] p;nfO{ lx+;fug{ k|]l/t u5{ . Gofo ug]{ 7fpFdf a;]sfx?n] xfd|f] kl/j]znfO{ /fd|f];Fua'em] eg] kLl8tn] Gofo kfpg ;S5g\ . ;dfhsf cu'jf ;a}n] k'?ifdfgl;stfaf6 dfly p7]/ dfgjsf] ?kdf ;f]+Rg' / Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ .;'Gb/ ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu ;sf/fTds ;f]+rfO{ /fv]/ sfd u/f}+ .Pscsf{k|ltsf] ;xof]u ;b\efj /xf]; oxL eGg rfxG5' .

xfdLn] ev{/} :j:yfgLsf] a|t ;Sof}+ .:j:yfgLsf] dfq} s'/f ubf{ ToxfF dlxnfn]nf]Ug]nfO{ cfFvf t/]/ x]/] …8]/LÚ x'G5], d'vnfUof] eg] …nf6LÚ x'G5] eg]/ n]lvPsf] 5t/ >LdtLnfO{ cfFvf tg]{ d'v nfUof] eg]o:tf] x'G5 eg]/ klg n]Vg'k/\of] lg . o:tf]

lje]bk"0f{ wfld{s ;+:sf/n] xfdLnfO{lgb]{lzt u/]sf] l:ylt 5 . wd{sf] lj/f]w

u/]sf] xf]Og t/ klt k/d]Zj/ eGg], r/0fsLbf;L eGg], v'§fsf] kfgL vfg'kg]{

o:tf] n]lvPsf] k':tsx? kl/dfh{g ug'{h?/L 5 . tL s'/fx? n]lvPsf

lstfax? a]Rg' / lsg]/ k9\g' nHhf:kbs'/f xf] . dlxnfnfO{ s'g :yfgdf /fv]sf]

5 eg]/ ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ .cfhsf] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf ljZj

cfh sxfF k'lu;Sof] < xfdLcfFvf t/]/ x]/]df …8]/LÚ x'G5]h:tf] s'/f ;'g]/ a:g] t <


lkmr/

sfdsf] d"No vf]O{ <

/rgf ;'j]bL

uLtf a:g]t b}lgs s/La !*306f sfd ul5{g\ . 3f]/fxL ^ d;Lgfdfa:g] #) jifL{of oL dlxnfsf] sfd laxfg %ah]b]lv g} z'? x'G5 . s'g} sf/0faz ;a]/}% ah] p7\g ;lsgg\ eg] logn] kl/jf/sfcGo ;b:osf] vKsL vfg'k5{ sfd k"/fgePsf] lgx'Fdf .

laxfg} p7\g', b}nf]s'rf] ug'{,ufOe}+;Lsf] x]/larf/ ug'{, kFw]/faf6 kfgLaf]Sg', 3fF; sf6\g', vfgf agfpFg' /kl/jf/nfO{ vfgf v'jfP/ efF8f ;kmf ubf{uLtfsf] laxfgsf] sfd ;lsG5 . laxfgdfq} xf]Og\, lbpF;f] klg ;':tfpg kfpFlbg\gpgL . kl/jf/sf] sk8f w'g', ufO{e}+;Ls]fuf]7fnf hfg', cfP/ vfhf, ;a}sf] nflu;fFemsf] vfgf agfP/ v'jfO{ efF8f ;kmfubf{ aNn pgsf] sfd ;lsG5 . laxfg %ah]b]lv /flt !! ah];Dd lgoldt ?kdfpNn]lvt sfddf v6\g' pgsf] b}lgsL g}xf] .

To:t} ;f}l8of/— # kmNsfk'/a:g] /fdsnL rf}w/Lsf] b}lgsL klg p:t}5 . laxfg $ ah] p7]/ 3/leqsf ;a}sfd ;sL pgL v]taf/Ldf sfd ug{hflG5g\ . v]tjf/Lsf] sfd ;s]/ 3/sf]sfd pxL qmd bf]xf]l/G5 .

lgoldt ?kdf pNn]lvt sfdug]{ uLtf / /fdsnL dfq xf]Og\, k|foMu|fdL0f e]usf g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] b}lgsLxf] of] . oL sfdx? dlxnfsf] nflu eg]/tf]lsPsf x'G5g\ xfd|f] k/Dk/f cg';f/ .cfly{s ?kdf u0fgf gx'g] oL sfdnfO{;]jfd"ns sfdsf] ?kdf x]/]/ ;DalGwtkIfx?n] dlxnfsf] sfdnfO{ d"NoxLgsfdsf] ?kdf a'em\g] / ;f]xL cg';f/ lng]

ul/G5 . tL tdfd sfd ug]{ kl/jf/sfdlxnfnfO{ cfh klg ;dfhdf tkfO{{sf]>LdtL of :jo+ dlxnfnfO{ g} s] sfdug'{x'G5 eg]/ ;f]Wof] eg] …s]xL sfdulb{gg\Ú eg]/ hjfkm cfpg'sf] k5fl8pgLx?n] 3/kl/jf/ / cfkm\gf] v]tjf/Ldfug]{ sfdnfO{ cfly{s ?kdf u0fgfgul/Ps} sf/0f /x]sf] jtfpF5g\ ;Da4JolQmx? .

u|fdL0f dlxnfx? s[lifpTkfbgdf a9L cfl>t 5g\ . 3/ Jojxf/tyf v]tjf/L d]nfkft u/L b'O{ 7fpF+df sfdubf{ klg pgLx?n] u/]sf] sfdnfO{cfocfh{gdf d"Nofs+g ul/Fb}g . u|fdL0fdlxnfn] kfl/jfl/s pGgltdf 7"nf] d"Nosf]sfd u/] klg ;f] sfdsf] cfly{s?kdfd"Nof+sg gx'g] ePsfn] hlt w]/} sfd u/]klg 3/ / kl/jf/jf6 u|fdL0f dlxnf kLl8t/ zf]lift eO{ c;dfg Jojxf/ ul/g] k|rng/ k/Dk/f xfn;Dd sfod /x]sf] 5 .kl5Nnf] Ps cWoogn] g]kfnsf **k|ltzt dlxnfx? 3/fo;L vfgf ksfpg]nufotsf] cfly{s ?kn] u0fgf gx'g] sfdu5{g\ t/ kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:on]vfO;s]kl5 vfg'kg]{ k/Dk/fn] ef]sef]s}a:g'kg]{ dlxnfsf] ;+Vof cTolws /x]sf]b]lvPsf] 5 . u|fdL0f dlxnf dfq xf]Ogzx/L dlxnfx?sf] sfo{af]em klg p:t}/x]sf] b]lvG5 . t'ngfTds?kdf zx/Ldlxnfx? cfocfh{gsf cGo lqmofsnfkdfnfu]sf] kfOG5 t/ pgLx? klg :jtGqsf/f]af/af6 al~rt 5g\ .

g]kfnsf dlxnfx? ljZjdf g};a}eGbf w]/} sfd ug]{ JolQmsf] ?kdf/x]sf] o'lg;]kmsf] Ps k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v5 . t/ ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf a9L sfd ug]{g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] sfdnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o

>d;+u7gn] cfly{s cfosf] ?kdf u0fgfu/]sf] 5}g .

b]zsf] cy{Joj:yfdf dlxnfsf]lqmofzLn e"ldsfsf] 7"nf] dxTj 5 . hLjglgjf{xsf nflu dlxnfx?n] k'?ifeGbf w]/}u'0ff a9L sfd u5{g\ . ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zsfu|fdL0f ;d'bfosf dlxnfx?n] lbgdf s/La!$ b]lv !* 306f;Dd sfd ug'{kg]{tYof+sx?n] b]vfPsf] 5 . vfB tyf s[lif;+u7gsf cg';f/ ;+;f/sf >ldsx?dWo]$) k|ltzt >lds dlxnf 5g\ . ;+;f/sfcfwf vfBfGg dfusf] k"lt{ dlxnfn] ug]{ub{5g\ .

xfd|f] ;fdflhs agf]6sf sf/0fsfdx? dlxnf / k'?ifsf nflu ljeflht5g\ . k|ToIf cy{ k|fKt x'g] sfddfdlxnfx?n] sd} cj;/ kfpF5g\ . 3/wGbf,a[4a[4f tyf afnjRrfsf] :ofxf/,v]tjf/Lsf] sfd h:tf sfdnfO{ cfly{s?kdf u0fgf gx'Fbf dlxnfx? k/lge{/,cfl>t aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . clxn] g]kfnsf]cfo k|ltJolQm rf/ ;o gAa] 8n/df /x]sf]5 . cGoq h:t} dlxnfsf oL sfdnfO{cfly{s ?kdf u0fgf ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfnsf]k|ltJolQm jflif{s cfo s/La Ps xhf/hlt x'g cfpg] ljZn]ifsx? atfpF5g\ .

;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u|fdL0f tyf3/df sfd ug]{ dlxnfn] kfl/jfl/s cfly{spGgltdf lagfd"No sfd u/L of]ubfgk'¥ofP klg 3/ / kl/jf/af6 dlxnf kLl8t/ zf]lift eO{ cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ul/g]k|rlnt k|rng / k/Dk/fnfO{ pGd"ng u/Ldlxnfdfly x'g] zf]if0f / e]befjnfO{ cGToug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] gfddf@)^& h]7 @* ut] cfb]z hf/L u/]sf]lyof] t/ klg clxn];Dd km};nf sfof{Gjogug{ b]lvg]u/L 7f]; sbd rflnPsf] 5}g .

u|fdL0f dlxnfx? s[lifpTkfbgdf a9L cfl>t5g\ . 3/ Jojxf/ tyf

v]tjf/L d]nfkft u/L b'O{7fpF+df sfd ubf{ klg

pgLx?n] u/]sf] sfdnfO{cfocfh{gdf d"Nofs+g

ul/Fb}g . u|fdL0f dlxnfn]kfl/jfl/s pGgltdf 7"nf]d"Nosf] sfd u/] klg ;f]

sfdsf] cfly{s?kdfd"Nof+sg gx'g] ePsfn] hlt

w]/} sfd u/] klg 3/ /kl/jf/jf6 u|fdL0f dlxnf

kLl8t / zf]lift eO{ c;dfgJojxf/ ul/g] k|rng /k/Dk/f xfn;Dd sfod

/x]sf] 5 . 3/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu afF; af]Sb} lszf]/Lx? .


dLgf a'9fyf]sL÷;Nofg

kfl/jfl/s ljv08g gcfcf];\ eg]/dlxnfx?nn] clGtd cj:yf;Dd cfkm"dflysf]lx+;f aflx/ Nofpg] u/]sf 5}gg\ . dlxnfx?5f]/f5f]/Lsf] eljio lju|g] 8/n] 3/leq x'g]lx+;fsf 36gfx? n'sfP/ a:g] u/]sf] dlxnfdfgj clwsf/ /Ifs ;+hfn ;NofgsL cWoIfzf]ljtf a:g]tsf] 7DofO{ 5 .

k|x/L k|zf;gdf cfpg] dlxnflj?4lx+;fsf 36gf x]g]{ xf] eg] ;Nofg lhNnfdfdlxgfdf al9df b'O{÷ltgj6f eGbf a9L 36gfx?k|x/L k|zf;g ;Dd cfO{ k'Ub}gg\ . o;/L cfPsfyf]/} 36gfx? Goflos lgsfodf k|fyldstfsf;fy gx]l/g'n] klg dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx?n'sfOg] u/]sf] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] 7x/ 5 .

g]kfn jf/ Pzf]l;o;g ;NofgsfcWoIf l;lk jnLn] k|x/Ln] g} w]/} ;/sf/jfbLd'2fx? d]nldnfkdf 6'+Uofpg] u/]sf]n] kLl8tdlxnfx?n] k"0f{?kdf Gofosf] cg'e'lt ug{g;s]sf] atfpF5g\ . …af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nfu]sf36gf klg d]nldnfkaf6 6'+UofOPsf 5g\,ÚjnL eG5g\, …k|x/Ln] ;/sf/jfbL d'2fx?nfO{d]nldnfkaf6 6'+UofpFbf dlxnfn] k"0f{?kdf Gofok|fKt ug{ ;s]s 5}gg\ .Ú t/ lhNnf k|x/Lsf]dlxnf ;]ndf sfo{/t k|x/L dlxnf zf]efl;njfn eg] dlxnfx?s} lxt ;Dem]/ sltkod'2fx? d]nldnfkaf6 6' +Uofpg] u/]sf ]jtfpFl5g\ . l;njfnsf] egfO{df w]/} dlxnfx?d'2f cbfntdf k'Ubf ;Dddf kL8snfO{ ;xof]u

k'Ug] lsl;dn] k|:t't x'G5g eg] sltkon]36gf g} gePsf] eg]/ pN6} k|x/Lsf]cg';GwfgnfO{ cf]em]ndf kfl/lbG5g\ .

dlxnfx?n] ePsf] 36gfnfO{sfg'gL k|s[ofdf k'Ubf ;d]t n'sfpg' pgLx?sf]afWotf ePsf] eG5g\ clwsf/sdL{x? .…cbfntL k|s[ofdf cl3 a9\bf;Dd kLl8tdlxnfx?n] ljleGg vfnsf wDsL, dfgl;slx+;f z'? e};s]sf] x'G5Ú jf/ ozf]l;o;gcWoIf jnL eG5g\, …dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf36gfsf] jsfnt u/]sf] sf/0f dnfO{ t w]/}k6swDsL cfO;s] eg] kLl8t dlxnfsf] cj:yfemg s:tf] xf]nf <Ú cfkm"nfO{ cfPsf wDsLaf/]cg'ej ;'gfpF5g\jnL . kfl/jfl/s?kdf x'g] u/]sflx +;faf/ ] cfPsfd'2fx?nfO{ sdhf]/agfpg kL8s kIfn];fd, bfd, b08,e ]b ;j } pk focjnDjg ug]{ u/]sf]/ Tox LhfnrSs/df w]/}dlxnf kg]{ u/]sf]clwjQmf jnLsf ]egfO{ 5 . To;f] td lxn fn ] ykdfgl;s oftgf;xg' gk/f ]; \ /kfl/jfl/s ?kdf

klg d]nldnfk xf];\ eg]/ g} d'2fnfO{ d]nldnfksf]k|s[ofdf cl3 a9fOg] u/]sf] k|x/Lsf] egfO5 .

;Nofg lhNnfsf] cj:yfnfO{ x]g]{xf] eg] s'g} klg lgsfo;+u lhNnfdf x'g]u/]sf dlxnfla?4 lx+;fsf 36gfx?sf]c len ]v ePsf ] b ] lvb } g . s ] x Ldfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx?n] cfkm \gf ]sfo{If]qsf 36gfnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbg] u/]sf] /k|x/Ln] klg btf{ ePsf 36gfnfO{ dfq}clen]vLs/0f u/]sf]n] klg jf:tljs tYof+sgb]lvPsf] xf] .

lhNnfdf x'g] u/]sf dlxnfla?4lx+;fsf 36gfnfO{ lgofNg] xf] eg] clzlIft;d'bfo dfq xf]Og, k9]n]]v]sf / hfg]a'em]sfjf6klg dlxnfdfly lx+;f x'g] u/]sf] b]lvPsf]5 . ljleGg If]qdf sfd ug]{ dlxnfla?4lx+;fsf 36gfx? aflx/ gcfP klg pgLx?;xsdL{x?af6} lx+;fdf kg]{ u/]sf pbfx/0fx?klg w]/} 5g\ . lzIfs, sd{rf/L, ;'/Iff lgsfodfsfd ug]{x?af6 a9L dfqfdf dlxnfla?4lx +; fs f 36g f x ' g ] u/ ]s f ]dlxnfclwsf/sdL{x?sf] bfjL 5 . dlxnfdfgjclwsf/sdL{ zf]ljtf a:g]tsf] a'emfO{dfsfg'g / lx+;f Go"gLs/0fdf nfUg]x?af6} lx+;fePsf sf/0f dlxnfla?4 lx+;f Go"gLs/0fdf;d:of ePsf] xf] .

clxn ] dlxnf dfgjclwsf//Ifsx?sf] /fli6«o ;+hfnsf] cu'jfO{df …gfO{egf}F Gofo u/f}Ú eGg] gf/fsf ;fy dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] ;o lbg] cleofg rln/x]sf] 5 .o:tf cleofgx?;Fu} dlxnfla?4 lx+;fsf]af/]df cfjfhx? p7\g yfn] klg lx+;fsf36gf ;dfhdf lbgx'Fh;f] eO/x]sf x'G5g\ .kl/jf/ leq}af6 xf];\ jf jflx/af6 ljleGgaxfgf agfP/ x'g] u/]sf dlxnfla?4 lx+;fsf36gfx? sd}dfq jflx/ cfpF5g\ . Gofloslgsfo;Dd k'u]sf lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx?n]k"0f{?kdf Gofo kfpg ;s]sf] b]lvb}g .

;Nofgdf dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yf / Goflos kx'Frlkmr/

;Nofg


cfhef]ln w]/} ax; rNg] u/]sf]ljifo eg]sf] n}lËs ljifo klg xf] . w]/}h;f]n}lËs lje]bsf sf/0fn] pTkGg ;d:ofdflyax;x? s]lGb|t x'g] ub{5g\ . hLjsf]lg/Gt/tfsf nflu ljk/Lt lnËsf] clgjfo{Joj:yf k|s[ltn] u/]sf] 5 . oxL k|s[ltsf]clgjfo{ lgod kl/kfngfsf nflu dlxnfk'?ifsf] Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . of] :qL jf k'?ifx'g] s;}sf] OR5f jf lgotsf] s'/f xf]Og .s]an kl/0flt dfq xf] . k|s[ltdf gf/L jfk'?if x'g' s;}sf] bf]if klg xf]Og / u'0f klgxf]Og . k'?if ePsf] sf/0fn] of] u'0fsf] c+lzof// :qL ePsf sf/0fn] of] bf]if xf] eGg] lrGtgsfsf/0fn] cfhsf] cj:yf cfPsf] xf] . jiff}{+jif{b]lvn}lËs ?kdf lje]b x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . Tof]n}lËs lje]b dfq ePsf] 5 eGbf ljifo k|i6geO{ ;f]nf]8f]nf] x'g hfG5 . oxfF n}lËslje]bsf] cy{ of] xf] ls k'?if;Qfn] gf/L jf:qLhfltdfly lje]b ub}{ cfPsf] s'/f k|i6}5 . of] lje]bsf] cGTo s;/L ug{ ;lsG5

eGg] s'/fdf cg]sf}+ k|of;x? e}/x]sf 5g\ .a f ] nr fnsf ] e f i f f d f x fd L

lkt[;QfTds ;dfh Joj:yf eGb5f}+ . Tof]k'?if;Qf s;/L :yfkgf eof] t < o; ljifodfs]xL ax; x'g' h?/L 5 . dfgjhfltsf] ljsf;cfhsf] h:tf] ;xh 9+un] cjZo ePsf] xf]Og .cg]sf}+ ;+3if{x?sf] nfdf] >[+vnf kf/ xF'b} cfPsf]s'/f ;fFrf] xf] . dfgj ;Eotfn] cfkm"nfO{ cl3a9fpg] qmddf y'k|} df]8 / 3'DtLx?df cg]sf}+rf}tf/Lx? t lgdf{0f u/]s} 5 . o;sf cnfjfy'k|} vf8nx? klg lgdf{0f u/]/ oxfF;Dddfgjhflt cfOk'u]sf] 5 . tL vf8nx?dWo]sf]Ps xf] dlxnfdflysf] lje]b . k|s[ltn]dlxnfdfly Pp6f ljz]if lhDd]jf/L a9L lbPsf]5, Tof] xf] ue{wf/0f ug]{ / :tgkfg . k|s[ltsf]of] cfjZostf k"/f ug{sf nflu dlxnf zfl/l/s?kdf s]xL g/d x'g' :jfefljs} xf] . ljsf;sf]Pp6f r/0fdf gf/Lhflt w]/} alnof] ePsf]s'/f o;af6 klg k|i6 x'G5 ls ljBf wg /zlQm tLg} dxfzlQmsf clwi7fqLx? ;/:jtL,nIdL / b'uf{ dlxnf ePaf6 a'em\g ;lsG5 .

;Eotfsf ] Pp6f sfnv08dfgf/Lhfltsf] :yfg pRr lyof] / To;nfO{ a|]sug]{ sfddf ha k'?if hfltn] ;kmntf k|fKtu¥of] ta z'? eof] lkt[;Qf . cflbd ;fDojfbLo'u, hxfFsf] ;dfhJoj:yf dft[;QfTds lyof] .afa'sf] kl/ro lyPg . cfdfsf] ;DaGwaf6;Gtfgsf] klxrfg x'GYof] . k|s[ltaf6 cflh{t;Dkbf cfdfsf] ddTjaf6 afF8kmfF8 x'GYof] .Tof] ;dfgtfsf] :j0f{ o'u lyof] . :jfefljs?kdf k'?ifeGbf dlxnfx? zlQmzfnL x'G5g\

eGg] s'/f lj1fgn] k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5 .e"nj; of ;+of]uj; ha dlxnfx?n] rnfPsf];dfh Joj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ub}{ zlQm cfkm\gf]xftdf lng k'?ifx? ;kmn eP Tolta]n} z'?eof] xftdf xts8L / v'§fdf g]n nfpg .km]l/ dlxnfx? cfkm\gf] ;Qf kmsf{pg g;s"geg]/ . cfhsf r'/f kfph'x? t g]n /xTs8Lx? g} x'g\ . wd{sf 7]nLdf of] ug"{ Tof]gug"{ eg]/ a8f] cfbz{ z}nLdf l;sfpg vf]h]klg tL s'g} ;dodf s;}nfO{ zf;g ug{lgdf{0f ul/Psf lgod sfg'gx? x'g\ eg]/a'em\g h?/L 5 . xhf/f}+ jif{ klxn] ha k'?ifx?dlxnfnfO{ xftdf xTs8L, v'§fdf g]n / 3fF6Ldfunkf;f] nufpg ;kmn eP . Tolta]nf g}lkt[;Qfsf ] :yfkgf eof ] . zlQmzfnLdlxnfx?nfO{ oltn] dfq gk'u]kl5, pgLx?n]pGd'lQmsf nflu h+hL/ r'8fNg vf]h]kl5pgLx?sf] gfs 5]l8of], sfg 5]l8of] . o;/Lk'?if;Qfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .

cfw'lgs dlxnfx?nfO{ dflysfs'/fx? zf:qLo nfUnfg\ t/ ;To oxL g}xf] . k"j{ / klZrdsf ;dfh ;'wf/sx?dlxnfx?k|lt qm"/ /x]5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] k|df0fs] xf] eg] b'a}n] dlxnfnfO{ ef]hs agfPgg\,ef]Ho dfq agfP . cg]sf}+ >[+uf/n] ;'zf]letj:t' hf] c?sf nflu ef]Uo x'G5 . To:t} j:t'aGof] / aGb}5 gf/L . s'g} ;do zf;g ug{nufOPsf g]n xTs8Lx? cfh dlxnfclwsf/sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . k9]n]v]sfdlxnfx? klg k'/fgf] ;+:sf/af6 pGd'lQmrfxFb}gg . j? bf;tf g} lgw{Ss;+u dfU5g\ .

cfn]v

cfw'lgs dlxnfx?nfO{ dflysf s'/fx? zf:qLo nfUnfg\ t/;To oxL g} xf] . k"j{ / klZrdsf ;dfh ;'wf/sx? dlxnfx?k|ltqm"/ /x]5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] k|df0f s] xf] eg] b'a}n] dlxnfnfO{ef]hs agfPgg\, ef]Ho dfq agfP . cg]sf}+ >[+uf/n] ;'zf]letj:t' hf] c?sf nflu ef]Uo x'G5 . To:t} j:t' aGof] / aGb}5gf/L . s'g} ;do zf;g ug{ nufOPsf g]n xTs8Lx? cfhdlxnf clwsf/sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .n]vs


xftdf ;'gsf r'/f, unfdf kf]t];lxtsf] ltnx/L,sfgdf efFltefFltsf j:qx?, v'§fdf 5d5daHg] kfph' s] bf;tfsf kl/rfos xf]Ogg\ <cfhsf] r]t v'n]sf gf/Lx?n] oL ljifodfslxn] ;f]+Rg] < cfdf dlxnf clwsf/jfbL t/5f]/Lsf] ljx] ubf{ ;'g;Fu 5f]/L slxn];Dd;f6\g] < oxL lgoltsf] lg/Gt/tfn] g} dlxnfclwsf/sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cndndf kf/]sf]cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . lx+hf] ;fdGtjfbn] 9f]sfaflx/ lg:sg} lbPg . cfh k"FhLjfbn] pkef]Uoj:t'df dlxnfsf] gfËf] t:jL/ 6fF;]/ a]Rb}5 .o;sf] cy{ of] xf] ls h;/L df]jfOn, l6=le=cflb h;;+u k};f x'G5 To;}n] vl/b ug{;S5 . dlxnfsf] zl// klg To:t} rLh xf] .h;;+u k};f 5 To;}n] lsg]/ df]h u/ eGgvf]lhPsf] xf] . dGbljif lbP/ cfkm\g} zl//a]Rg xf}:ofOb}5 dlxnfx?nfO{ . k};f x'g]x?n]j]r]sf 5}gg, ul/ax?n] a]r]sf 5g\ o:tf]elgof] eg] ;/f;/ em"7 x'g]5 . dlxnfx?sflglDt em'k|fx? zfob :jtGqtf :yn xf]nfg\t/ dxnx? g/szfnf h:t} 5g\ .

;'g a/fa/ dlxnf, xL/fdf]tL a/fa/dlxnf, dx+uf] n'ufkmf6f] a/fa/ dlxnf, sf/df]6/;fOsn a/fa/ dlxnf . o;/L x]bf{ s]eGg ;lsG5 eg] gf/L hflt eg]sf] qmoljqmoug{;Sg] lghL{j j:t' xf] . pgLx?sf] dlitis5}g, ljrf/ lrGtg wf/0ff 5}g . g xif{ 5, glj:dft . clxn]sf] ;dfh Joj:yf /Lltl/jfh,;+:sf/ cflbn] dlxnfnfO{ lbPsf] bhf{ oxLxf] . of] bhf{df ;Gt'i6 /xg] ls o;sf]pR5]bgsf] nflu sDd/ s:g] eGg] g} dlxnfclwsf/ cfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo r'gf}tL xf] .dlxnfx?sf] cfkm\g} ;f]Rg] dgdlitis 5, ljrf/lrGtg wf/0ff, lqmofk|ltlqmof cflb 5 .cgGt b'vfO{sf] >[+vnf 5 . xif{sf] c+z klgxf]nf clncln t zfob . hj dlxnfx?nfO{shfpg] lgotn] cg]sf} + jfwfjGwgx?n];';lHht kfl/of] . cfhko{Gt ;tfOPsf] 5 .;tfpg'sf] klg xb x'G5, ;LdfxLg 9+un]dfgdb{g ul/Psf] 5 . hj :jo+ dlxnfx?nfO{;tfOPsf] shfOPsf] r]t x'Gg c?n] dxz';u/]/ s] ug{ ;lsG5 <

cfhef]ln sltko dlxnf clwsf/sf] If]qdfsfd ug]{ ljleGg ;+:yfx?n] dlxnflj?4 x'g]lx+;f lj?4 cleofg rnfPsf 5g\ . Tof]cleofgn] k"0f{tf xfl;n u/]sf] h:tf] nfUb}g .o; cy{df ls dlxnf k'?if Ps /ysf b'O{kf+u|f x'g\ . pgLx?sf] Psfk;sf] ;xsfo{ljgf 3/kl/jf/ rNg c;Dej 5 . dlxnfnfO{;zQm ubf{ k'?ifnfO{ cnu /fVg' km]l/ csf]{pN6f] x'g hfG5 . k'?ifn] hfg]/ dfq} dlxnfdflylx+;f u/]sf] 5 eGg] xf]Og . cGhfg jf k/Dk/fwfGg] sfdsf nflu of] lx+;f yf]kl/Psf] x'g;S5 . k'?ifnfO{ klg dlxnfnfO{ h;/L g};zQm kfg'{k5{ clg dfq kf+u|fx? ;dfg 9+un]u'8\g ;S5g\ . ;dfg 9+un] s'b]sf kf+u|fx?n]g} ;dfhnfO{ cl3 n}hfg ;S5g\ . lzlIftdlxnfx? g} k'/fgf] w/ftnaf6 dfly p7\g'k5{ . o;f] eGbf sltko dlxnf k'?ifsf;DaGw of r'nf]rf}sf]df s'FlhPsf] cj:yf 5of l8ef];{df 6'lËPsf] b]lvG5 . cfh oxLdlxnf k'?ifsf] ;DaGw /fd|f] gjGg'sf] sf/0fn]klZrdL ;dfh w]/} ljsl;t x'Fbfx'Fb} klg w]/}b'MvL 5 . zf]lift eP/ r'nf]rf}sf]df y'lgg'klg pko'Qm xf]Og eg] kf/kfr's]df 6'lËg' klg/fd|f] xf]Og .

;Ddfgk"0f{ ;xcl:tTjk"0f{ jftfj/0f

g} dlxnf k'?ifsf] ;'dw'/ ;DaGwsf nflu/fd|f] x'G5 . ha dlxnfdfly 3/kl/jf/df x'g]zf]if0f, bdg, lyrf]ldrf]sf] cGTo x'G5 /;Ddfgk"0f{ cj:yf cfpF5 To;kl5 :jtM/fHo;+u n8fO{ n8\g'kg]{ cj:yfsf] cGTo x'G5 .k|To]s 3/3/df 5f]/L, a'xf/L, >LdtL cflbsfgfddf lje]b eO/fV5 eg] /fHo;+u cg]sf}+dfu /fVg', ;+3if{ ug'{ eg]sf] rnlrqdf clegoug'{h:t} ePsf] 5 . 3/kl/jf/df ;d:of 5To;}n] /fHodf To;sf] k|ltljDa b]lvG5 .To:t} ;d:ofu|:t :yfgaf6 p7]sf JolQmx?sf]xftdf /fHosf] jfu8f]/ 5 To;}n] /fHodfTo:t} lglt lgod / ljwfg 5 h;sf] k|ltljDakm]l/ 3/kl/jf/d} b]lvG5 . /fhgLlts bnsf]g]tf, ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v, k|zf;lgstyf hËL c8\8fsf k|d'vx? g} dlxnfx?nfO{bf]>f] bhf{df /fV5g\ cyjf cfkm"x? ;j{1fgL/ dlxnfx? d"v{ ePsf] 7fG5g\ . o:tf]cj:yfdf /fHo;Fu dfu]/ klg s] kfOG5 <dlxnfx?sf] nfdf] ;+3if{sf] k|ltkmn egf}+ x/]s;jfndf s]xL kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . Tof] dfqfTdskl/jt{gnfO{ u'0ffTds agfpg :jo+ dlxnfx?dfPs cleofg rNg' rnfOg' h?/L 5 . c+z /j+zsf] dfq} d'2f p7fpFbf cfGbf]ng sf]/f x'g]5 .d"n ;jfn eg]sf] cl:tTjsf] vf]hL xf],;Ddfgsf] dfu xf] . c+z / j+z b'j} kfPsfx?klg b'MvL ag]sf ckdflgt ag]sf] cg]sf}+pbfx/0fx? 5g\ .

cfwf z/L/ k'?if—cfwf z/L/ dlxnfePsf]n] cfh;Ddsf] ;dfh cfwf dfq} rn]sf]5 . cfwf z/L/sf] cl:tTj gfd]6 kfl/Psf]5 . ck"0f{ k'?if / ck"0f{ dlxnfnfO{ k"0f{agfpg dlxnf k'?ifsf] ;dfg cl:tTj rflxG5 .Tof] ;xcl:tTjsf] nflu lbg] eGbf lng]x?of ;xh?kdf geP vf];]/ klg lng tof/x'g'kb{5 . o;sf nflu l;+uf/k6f/sf];+:s[ltaf6 dfly p7\g} k5{ . afa'eGbf 5f]/Lsf]gfssfg 5]8\g cfdfnfO{ xtf/f] x'g] qmd aGbx'g'k5{ . of] c+zsf] s'/f eg]/ gh/cGbfhug'{x'Gg . xhf/f}+ sf]zsf] ofqf Ps kfOnfaf6}z'? x'G5 . zlQmzfnL / d'Qm 5f]/Lx?nfO{gfs sfg 5]8]/ r'/L kfph" nufOlbP/ lgwf]{agfpg] clg aGwgdf kfg]{ s'/faf6} z'? ePsf]5 dlxnfdflysf] lje]b . ;r]t / lzlIftdlxnfx? ;xsdL{ k'?ifnfO{ ;d]t ;fy lnP/nfUg', p7\g', hfUg' g} dlxnf lje]b cGTosf]nflu klxnf] kfOnf] x'g]5 .

;'g a/fa/ dlxnf, xL/fdf]tL a/fa/ dlxnf, dx+uf]n'ufkmf6f] a/fa/ dlxnf, sf/ df]6/;fOsn a/fa/ dlxnf .o;/L x]bf{ s] eGg ;lsG5 eg] gf/L hflt eg]sf] qmoljqmoug{;Sg] lghL{j j:t' xf] . pgLx?sf] dlitis 5}g, ljrf/lrGtg wf/0ff 5}g . g xif{ 5, g lj:dft . clxn]sf] ;dfhJoj:yf /Lltl/jfh, ;+:sf/ cflbn] dlxnfnfO{ lbPsf] bhf{oxL xf] . of] bhf{df ;Gt'i6 /xg] ls o;sf] pR5]bgsf]nflu sDd/ s:g] eGg] g} dlxnf clwsf/ cfGbf]ngsf] d'Vor'gf}tL xf] .

hgcfGbf]ng @)^@÷)^# df ;xefuL bfªsf rf}w/L dlxnfx?


dflg; ;'/lIft hGdg] cj:yf ha;Dd ;[hgf x'b}g dflg;sfcfwf/e"t cfjZostf elgPsf uf; jf; / skf;sf] klg cy{ /xb}g .clg lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/ t 6f9fsf] ljifo g} x'g k'U5 . dflg;sf]z'?jft hGdaf6 x'G5 . hGd Tolta]nf ;'/lIft x'G5 ha dlxnfn]ue{jtL ePb]lv aRrf hGd]sf] $@ lbg;Dd kfpg'kg]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfx?k|fKt ul5{g . Ps :j:y cfdfn] :j:y ?kdf ue{wf/0f ug{ kfpg',;'/lIft ;'Ts]/L ;]jf lng kfpg' tyf ;'Ts]/L ePkl5 $@ lbg;Dd cfdf/ aRrfsf] ;]jf / ;'/Iff kfpg'nfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj elgG5 .

xfd|f] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df cem} klg ;'/lIft ;'Ts]/L ;]jf gkfpFbfdft[ tyf gj lzz' d[To'b/ pRr cj:yfdf 5 . dft[ d[To' k|ltnfv@ ;o *! hgf, gj lzz' d[To'b/ k|lt xhf/ #$ hgf tyf afn d[To'b/ k|lt xhf/ $$ hgf /x]af6 g]kfndf dft[, gj lzz' tyf afnd[To'sf b/ pRr /x]sf] cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfnsf u|fdL0fa:tLsf] s'/f xf]Og zx/L If]q dflgPsf] 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf !) sL;f]gf vft'g xfn} @# aif{sf] pd]/df ^ ;GtfgsL cfdf ePsL 5g\ .o;n] xfd|f] ;dfhdf ljBdfg afn ljjfx tyf 5f]/fsf] rfxgf /fVg]kl/jf/ ;dfhsf sf/0f cfdfx?sf] hLjg pRr hf]lvdsf] cj:yfdf5 . 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfn] u/]sf] Ps ;j]{If0fdf ljt]sf] ! aif{sf]cjlwdf (( hgf afnaflnsfn] !* aif{ gk'Ub} ljjfx ul/;s]sf]b]vfPsf] 5 . o;n] klg dft[ :jf:Yo, dft[ d[To' tyf gj lzz'sf]d[Tosf] hf]lvdnfO{ g} ;+s]t ub{5 .

o:tf] cj:yfdf g t xfdL ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] sNkgf ug{;S5f} g t ;'/lIft eljiosf] . sNkgf ug{ ;S5f} s]jn pRr dft[d[To'sf] eofjxtfsf] . o;f] eg]/ Psbd} lg/fz x'g] eGbf klg;"rsx?n] lbPsf] cj:yfaf6 kl/l:yltsf] cfFsng ub}{ o;sf];'wf/sf nflu s] ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ k|of; yflnxfNg' pko'Qm x'G5 .g]kfn nufotsf ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx?sf] pRr dft[d[To'df ;'wf/Nofpg, ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g, o'lg;]km, o'PgPkmkLP, nufotsfljZj:t/sf ;+u7gx?n] klg k|of; yfn]sf 5g\ . t/ klg of] ;d:ofpgLx?sf] eGbf klg xfd|f] ePsfn] xfd|f] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nfluxfdL g} gnfUbf;Dd vf;} ;'wf/sf] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsGg . t;y{ dft[d[To'df ;'wf/sf nflu :j:y dflg;sf] hGdsf nflu dlxnfsf]uef{j:yfaf6} k|of; yfNg'k5{ . cem cufl8 eGg'kbf{ dlxnf ue{jtLx'g] pko'Qm pd]/ slt xf] < dlxnfn] :j:y cj:yfdf ue{wf/0f u/]sL5g sL 5}gg < uef{j:yfdf kfpg'kg]{ :ofxf/ clg dfof ddtf kfPsL5g sL 5}gg\ <

pgn] ;'/lIft ?kdf ;'Ts]/L x'g] cj;/ kfOg lskfOgg\ < ;'Ts]/L kl5 klg $@ lbg;Dd cfdf / aRrfsf] x]/rfx tyfkf]if0fsf s'/fdf Wofg lbOof] sL lbOPg h:tf s'/fx?df Wofgk'¥ofpg cfjZos 5 . olb oL s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg ;lsof] eg]clxn] b]lvPsf] pRr dft[ tyf gj lzz'sf] d[To'b/df pNn]Vo ;'wf/Nofpg ;lsG5 .

o; afx]s ;/sf/L :t/af6 :ki6 gLltsf] th'{df, :jf:Yodfkof{Kt nufgL, ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;, bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg tyfbIf hgzlQmnfO{ ;lx 7fpdf k|of]u, ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/tf tyf pTs[i6tf/ ;fwg>f]t / pks/0fsf] plrt Joa:yfkg ug{ cfjZos x'G5 .

o;}u/L k|hgg\ :jf:Yo tyf k|hgg clwsf/sf nflukl/jf/ of]hgf, lszf]/ lszf]/L cj:yfdf b]lvg] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg,of}g/f]u tyf Pr=cfO{=eL= P8\;sf] pkrf/ tyf /f]syfd a'9f}nLsf;d:of, ;'/lIft ue{ktg, tyf n}lus d"n k|jfxLs/0f h:tf ljifo klg;'/lIft eljio tyf ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf cfwf/x? x'g . To:t} k|hggclwsf/ cGtu{tsf s'/fdf s'g pd]/df ljjfx ug]{, s'g pd]/df ;GtfghGdfpg], kl/af/ of]hgfsf ;fwg s'g k|of]u ug]{, OlR5t ;Gtfg sltcflb ljifo cfdfdf lgxLt clwsf/ x'g\ t/ b'ef{Uo oL clwsf/ cfdfdflgxLt x'g'sf] ;§f afa'df lge{/ /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;"/lIft dft[Tjsfnflu k|hgg clwsf/ cfdfdf lglxt x'g' ;j}sf] ;xof]u cfjZos 5 .

cfdf / gj lzz'sf] :j:ytfsf nflu uef{j:yf, k|;jcj:yf / ;'Ts]/L cj:yfdf cfjZos ;]jf pknJw x'g' h?/L 5 .xfd|f] h:tf] b]z hxfF dlxnfx? cfly{s, ;fdflhs / lzIffsf b[li6n]k5fl8 kfl/Psf] cj:yf 5 . oxfF cfdf / gj lzz'sf] d[To'nfO{ ank'Ug] w]/} ldysx? k|rngdf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] dft[ tyf gj lzz'sf]d[To'b/df sdL Nofpg k|;'lt k|f]T;fxg eQf lbPsf] 5 . h;cg';f/$ k6s ue{ hfFrsf nflu $ ;o, :jf:Yo ;+:yfd} cfP/ k|;"lt ;]jflng]sf nflu % ;o u/L ( ;o ?k}of pknJw u/fpg'sf ;fy} lgz'Nsk|;'lt tyf pkrf/ ;]jf lbFbf ;d]t s]jn #) k|ltzt ;'Ts]/L dfq:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf x'g] u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . ef}uf]lns ljs6tf :jf:Yo;+:yfdf k'Ugsf nflu ;d:ofsf] ljifo xf]nf t/ klg w]/} ;]jfu|fxLsfnflu d :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf uP/ lrlsT;snfO{ kSsf e]6\5', d :j:Yox'G5', ToxfF lrlsT;saf6 /fd|f] ;]jf kfp5' eGg]df ljZj:t x'g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf 5}g\ .

;'/lIft eljio clg ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] nflu cem} klg o:tfldysx? /lx/xg' :jf:Yo ;+:yf clg :jf:YosdL{sf nflu klgr'gf}ltsf ljifox? g} x'g\ . xfd|f] ;dfhdf aRrf hGd]kl5 sfd kmQ]eGg] rng 5 . t/ ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] ;Gbe{df of] s'/f nfu" x'g;Sb}g . dft[d[To'sf clwsf+zs -%) k|ltzt j9L_ 36gfx? t aRrfhlGd;s]kl5 cToflws /Qm>fjsf sf/0f x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .

t;y{ ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf r/0fx?nfO{ kf/ ub}{ ;'/lIfteljio agfpg kl/jf/sf ;j} ;b:osf ;fy} ;d'bfo÷;dfhdf /x]sfk'?ifju{, ;dfhsf cu'jf elgPsf ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfdf cfaågful/s ;j}n] ;r]ts / ;fdflhs lhDd]af/Laf]wsf] efjgfn] sfd ug'{cfjZos 5 .

;'/lIft eljiosf nflu;'/lIft dft[Tj

xfd|f] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df cem} klg ;'/lIft ;'Ts]/L ;]jfgkfpFbf dft[ tyf gj lzz' d[To'b/ pRr cj:yfdf5 . dft[ d[To' k|ltnfv @ ;o *! hgf, gj lzz'd[To'b/ k|lt xhf/ #$ hgf tyf afn d[To' b/ k|ltxhf/ $$ hgf /x]af6 g]kfndf dft[, gj lzz' tyfafn d[To'sf b/ pRr /x]sf] cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 .


h}ljs b[li6sf]0fn] dlxnf / k'?ifdfh] h:tf] leGgtf 5 Tof] eGbf a9L leGgtf;dfhdf h/f uf8]/ /x]sf] unt ;+:sf/,k/Dk/f / d"No dfGotfn] u/]sf] 5 . cg'Tkfbssfdsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 3/ wGbf, 3/ Jojxf/wfGgsf] nflu ug'{kg]{ s7f]/ kl/>d, cfly{ssl7gfO{n] lzIff / :jf:Yodf kx'+rsf] sdL,hf]lvdo'Qm sfd, k|lts"n jftfj/0f, clglR5tk6s k6ssf] ue{wf/0f, ;fdflhs cGofo,?9Ljfb, cGwljZjf; / 3/]n' lx+;f dlxnfsf]hLjgnfO{ bogLo agfpg] k|d'v sf/0fx?x'g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf dlxnfsf] ljBdfgkL8fnfO{ cem ulx/f] c;/ kfg]{ tTjsf] ?kdfclxn] e}/x]sf] dlxnfla?4 x'g] lx+;f /b08xLgtf (Impunity) /x]sf] 5 .dlxnfsf] dof{lbt hLjgsf] nflu ePsfcGt/f{li6«o k|of;x?

;g\ !(%) sf] bzs;Dd dlxnfsf]cj:yf / e"ldsfnfO{ ;+jf]wg ug]{ 7f]; k|of;ePsf] kfOb}g . ljsf;sf s'g} klg kIfdfdlxnfsf] e"ldsf :jLsf/ gug]{, dlxnfnfO{;xefuL gagfpg] / s]jn sNof0fsf/L b[li6n]x]g]{ ul/of] . pQm ;do;Dd dlxnfx? ljsf;sfpkef]Qmfx? cyf{t ljsf;sf nIo dfq x'g\eGg] cjwf/0ff ljBdfg /x]sf] lyof] .cjwf/0ffnfO{ kl/jt{g u/L lbuf], ;d[4 /zfGt ;dfhsf] ;[hgfsf] dxTjk"0f{ tTj dlxnf

;zlQms/0f g} xf] eGg] klxrfgsf] ;fy ;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3n] ljleGg /0fgLltx?sf] yfngL u¥of] .!(^) sf] bzsdf dlxnfx? ljsf;sf;fem]bf/ x'g\ eGg] d"n dfGotfdf cfwfl/tWomen in Development sf] cjwf/0ffljsl;t ul/of] . of] cjwf/0ff nfdf] ;do;Ddsfod /x]g . ;g\ !(&) sf] bzssf] k|f/Ded}dlxnfnfO{ gLlt lgdf{0ftxdf ;xefuL agfpg'kg]{ / pgLx?sf ljlzi6 cfjZostf k"/fug' {kg] { dfGotf ;lxtsf] Women andDevelopment sf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 cfof] .ljleGg k[i7e"ld / e"ldsfdf /x]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ljsf;sf ;du| kIfx?df PsLs/0f ub} n}hfg'kg]{df hf]8 lbOof] . t/ o; cj:yf;Dd klgdlxnfnfO{ ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;d]6\gg;lsPsf] / dlxnfsf] ;fdflhs l:yltdfvf;} kl/jt{gsf] cg"e"lt ug{ g;lsPsf] x'+bf;g\ !(*) sf] bzsjf6 gjLg ;f]+rsf ;fyGender and Development sf] cjwf/0ffcfof] . ;dfg ;xeflutf / ;dtfd"nsJojxf/ljgf ljsf; ;Dej gx'g] tYonfO{ :jLsf/ul/of ] . of ] cjwf/0ffn] clwsf/d'vLcjwf/0ffdf hf]8 lbb} sfdsf] cj;/ /dfgjclwsf/sf] pkef]udf k'?if / dlxnfaLr;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ dfGotf cufl8 Nofof] .

ljZjdf ;g !(*) sf] bzssf]k|f/Dedf kfl/t dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;j} k|sf/sf

e]befj pGd"ng dxf;lGw !(&( n] dlxnfclwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf 7"nf] e"ldsflgjf{x u¥of] . h;df xfn;Dd !&$ /fi6«n]x:tfIf/ ul/;s]sf 5g . g]kfnn] @@ clk|n,!((!df cg'df]bg u/]kl5 dxf;lGwnfO{ cfwf/agfpFb} ;/sf/nfO{ jfWokfg]{ vfnsf ;jf]{Rrcbfntn] ljleGg km};nf u/]klg xfn;Dddlxnfsf] xssf s'/f gf/fdf dfq ;Lldt/x]sf] 5 .

cGt/f{li6«o?kdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n]dlxnf / zflGt ;'/Iffsf] ljifodf dxTjk"0f{k|:tfj kfl/t u¥of] . åGå Joj:yfkg, zflGtlgdf{0f k|lqmofdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf, ln+udfcfwf/df x'g] lx+;f sd ug{ ul/Psf] Joj:yf;lxtsf] k|:tfj g+= !#@% / !*@) n] dlxnfsf]kIfdf ;+j]bgzLn aGg, ;f]xL cg';f/ gLltlgodagfO{ nfu" ug{ kIf /fi6«x?nfO{ cfwf/ k|bfgu/]sf] 5 .g]kfndf dlxnf clwsf/sf] lglDtdfrflnPsf dxTjk"0f{ sbdx?

k'g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;efåf/f /fHosf ;a};+/rgfdf slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf];xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug] { ;DaGwL;fj {hlgs dxTjsf ] k |:tfj ldlt@)^#÷@÷!^ df kfl/t .g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n]dlxnfsf] xs, afnaflnsfsf] xs /;fdflhs Gofosf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf]?kdf :yflkt ub } { ;dfgkflts;xeflutfsf ljleGg ;+j}wflgs cfwf/x?lgdf{0f .tTkZrft\ lgdf{0f ePsf ;+ljwfg;ef;b:o lgj f {rg P ]g nufotsfsfg"gx?df ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf nflucfjZos sfg'gL k|aGw .v'nf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] l/Qm kbdWo] #% k|ltzt kb cf/If0f u/L ;f]sf]lghfdtL ;]jfdf ## k|ltzt, g]kfn

dlxnf clwsf/sf] lglDtePsf /fli6«o tyf

cGt/f{li6«o k|of; tyfpknlJw

kbd j}[email protected]

dlxnflj?4 x'g] lx+;fnfO{ l;+uf] /fHooGqn] lgoGq0f ug{ ;s]sf]5}g . o;sf] d"n sf/0f b08xLgtfn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg' xf] .b08xLgtfsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ ha;Dd tf]8\g ;lsb}g tj;Dd dlxnfclwsf/sf s'/f gf/fdf dfq l;ldt /xG5g\ . ;dfhdf h] h:tf]/fhg}lts kl/jt{g ug{ vf]lhPklg ;'zf;g sfod /x]sf] sfg"gL/fHosf] :yfkgf geP;Dd dlxnf xslxtdf ul/Psf k|of;x?efif0fdf dfq l;ldt /xg] 5g\ .


k|x/Ldf @) k|ltzt / ;z:q k|x/Ldf @)k|ltzt l;6df dlxnfsf] dfq k|lt:kwf{x'g] k|aGw .zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ tfls{s lgisif{df k''¥ofpg/ lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ p2]Zon] u7gx'g] /fli6«o / :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltdfqmdz M ## k|ltzt / %) k|ltzt dlxnf;xeflutf k'/ofpg] tLg jifL{o cGtl/dof]hgfdf nIo lgwf{/0f .zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f dGqfnosf] :yfkgf/ g]kfndf OHCHR sf] :yfkgf ./fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf] sfg"gL ;+/rgftof/ e} efjL ;+ljwfgdf dlxnf cfof]u;+j}wflgs x'g] .dfgj cf];f/k;f/ tyf a]rlavgnfO{uDeL/ kmf}hbf/L s;'/ 7x/ ub}{ s8f;hfo ;lxtsf] sfg"g lgdf{0f .cGt/f{li6«o kmf}hbf/L cbfntsf] /f]dljwfg cg'df]bgsf] nflu k'g:yf{lktk|ltlglw;efåf/f ldlt @)^#÷$÷( df;j{;Ddltn] ;+sNk k|:tfj kfl/t .hgo'4df ;+nUg dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfsfdlxnf n8fs'x?nfO{ ;dfg dfkb08,x}l;ot / ;'ljwfsf ;fy k|df0fLs/0fu/L SofG6f]gd]06df /flvPsf] . ;dfof]hg/ k'g:yfk{gf klg ;dfgtfs} cfwf/dfx'g] ;'lglZrttf .cfly{s jif{ @)^@÷^# b]lv dlxnf /k'?ifaLr ljBdfg ;fdflhs tyf cfly{slje]b cGt ug{ n}lËs pQ/bfoL ah]6sf]cjwf/0fnfO{ c+uLsf/ u/L ;+:yfut ub}{nluPsf] .åGåsf ;dodf dlxnfdfly ePsf of}gzf]if0f tyf lx+;f nufotsf ;a} k|sf/sfclwsf/ xggsf ljifodf 5fgljg u/Lsf/afxLsf bfo/fdf Nofpg tLgjlif{ocGtl/d of]hgfdf nIo lgwf{/0f .dlxnflj?4 x'g] zf/Ll/s zf]if0f, 3/]n'lx+;f lgoGq0f u/L s8f sf/afxLsf]Joj:yf ug]{ / dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmd;a} uf=lj=;= x?df nfu' ul/g] g]kfn;/sf/sf] cf=j= @)^%÷^^ sf] jflif{sgLlt tyf sfo{qmd .;sf/fTds lje]bsf] l;4fGtsf cfwf/dfdlxnfsf] kfl/>lds s/df !) k|ltzt5'6 lbg / dlxnfsf] gfddf kfl/t x'g]3/ hUufsf] /lhi6«]zg b:t'/sf] 5'6dfj[l4 e} xfn @% k|ltzt 5'6 x'g' .dlxnf clwsf/jfbL JolQmTj /;+:yfx?sf] ;lqmotfdf e]befjo'Qmsfg'gx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sfljjfbsf] dfWodåf/f Gofonodf nlu;DklQdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg xs, dlxnfsf]do f { l bt hLjgsf ] k | To fe " l t ,dlxnflj?4sf lx+;fhGo s;"/df ;dfg;hfosf] Joj:yf, dlxnfsf] 3/]n' sfdsf]d"Nofs+g ul/g'kg] { nufotsf sof} +km};nfjf6 sfg"g k|0ffnLnfO{ ;dtf d"nsagfpb} nluPsf] .

g]kfnL dlxnfsf] l:yltdf b]lvPsf;'wf/sf s]xL ;+s]tx?

;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg cGtu{t k|ToIf

lgjf{rgjf6 #) hgf, ;dfg'kfltsk|0ffnLjf6 !^! hgf / dlGqkl/ifb\af6ePsf] dgf]gogdf ^ hgf u/L hDdf!(& hgfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g' ljZjsfnflu g} pbfx/0fLo

ePsf] 5 .;/sf/L ;]jfdf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj *k|ltztjf6 a9]/ !@=& k|ltzt k'u]sf],>d ;xeflutf $*=( k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 .o;nfO{ ;'wf/sf] z'?jft ePsf] dfGg'kb{5 .s]xL ;do;Dd z"Go k|ltlglwTj /x]sf/fhb"tsf] kb, ;+j}wflgs c+usf kb,ljlzi6 >]0fL jf ;f] ;/xsf] ;lrjsf]kb nufotsf gLlt lgdf{0f txdfdlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g yfn]sf] ./fhgLlts bnsf hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?n]cfkm\gf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltdf ## k|ltztdlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ sfof{GjogdfNofpg z'? u/]sf] .UN sf ldzg, dlxnf ;DaGwL /fli6«o /cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] cToGtk|efjsf/L ?kdf sfd ul//x]sf] .s'g} ;+/rgf tof/ ubf{, sfg'g lgdf{0fubf{ / gLltut lg0f{o ubf{ n}lËs;+j]bgzLntf, ;dfj]zLtfsf] kIfdf uDeL/5nkmn x'g yfn]sf] .

b]zsf] hg;+Vofsf] cfwf lx:;fcf]u6]sf] dlxnfsf] l:ylt x]g]{ xf] eg] b'O{ltxfO{ dlxnf ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf 5g\eg] tLg rf}yfO{ dlxnf zx/ aflx/ /x]sf5g\ . lzIffsf] :t/nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] %* k|ltztclzlIft / sl/j $( k|ltzt lg/If/ cj:yfdf/x]sf 5g\ . dlxnfsf] klxrfg / cl:tTjvf]Hg] cfdfx? cfh klg ue{df /x]sf] aRrfsf]lnË klxrfg u/fOg jfWo ePsf 5g\ . OR5flj?4 ue{ktg u/fpg jfWo ePsf 5g\ .j}b]lzs /f]huf/df uPsf dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fdfsdL cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . Psfw dlxnfjf6dfgjLo :jefjsf sf/0f x'g] uNtLnfO{ w"/LagfP/ cfd dlxnfsf] rl/qdfly k|xf/ ug]{gof lx+;fsf k|j[lQx? b]vf kl//x]sf 5g\ .dlxnflj?4 x'g] lx+;fnfO{ l;+uf] /fHooGqn]lgoGq0f ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf] d"n sf/0fb08xLgtfn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg' xf] . b08xLgtfsf];+:s[ltnfO{ ha;Dd tf]8\g ;lsb}g tj;Dddlxnf clwsf/sf s'/f gf/fdf dfq ;:ldt/xG5g\ . ;dfhdf h] h:tf] /fhg}lts kl/jt{gug{ vf]lhP klg ;'zf;g sfod /x]sf] sfg"gL/fHosf] :yfkgf geP;Dd dlxnf xslxtdful/Psf k|of;x? efif0fdf dfq l;ldt /xg]5g\ .

3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfsf] ;Gb]zd"ns ;"rgfgu/ If]qleqsf ko{6sLo ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f u/L cfGtl/s ;|f]t a[l4df of]ubfg k'¥ofcf}+ .vf]nfgfnf :jR5, ;kmf k|b"if0fd'Qm /fvL jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{df of]ubfg k'¥ofcf}+ .3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf If]qleq ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ gS;f kf; cg'dltkq lnP/ dfq lgdf{0f sfo{;'ef/De u/f}+ .3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfsf] :jLs[ltlagf ;fj{hlgs ;8s vf]nL 38]/L laqmLljt/0f gu/f}+ .38]/L vl/blaqmL ubf{ ;8s, vfg]kfgL, ljB't 6]lnkmf]g h:tf cTofjZos ;]jf ;'ljwfnfO{dWogh/ /fVb} gu/kflnsfsf] :jLs[lt lnP/ dfq vl/blaqmL u/f}+ .s'nf]nfO{ lgsf; dfg]/ 38]/L vl/blaqmL ubf{ zx/Ls/0f cJojl:yt x'g] x'Fbf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]ljz]if1tf tyf g=kf=sf] :jLs[lt lnP/ dfq vl/blaqmL u/f}+ .rf}kfofx? g5f8f}+, 3/df afFw]/ kfNg] Aoj:yf ldnfO{ ;Eo gful/ssf] klxrfg lbcf}+ .3/ cfFugsf] uNg] kmf]x/nfO{ s/];faf/Ldf sDkf]i6 dn agfO{ k|of]u u/f}+ .kmf]x/nfO{ hnfpg] / oqtq kmfNg] gu/f}+ . gu/ ;kmfO{ sd{rf/L cfpg] lbg ;do / :yfgdflhDdf nufcf}+ .Knfli6ssf] k|of]u ubf{ Psk6s ;f]+rf}+– xfd|f ;Gtfgn] Zjf; lng] e08f/ ;dfKt x'g] xf] ls <hGd, ljjfx, a;fO{;/fO{, ;DaGw ljR5]b, d[To'h:tf JolQmut 36gfnfO{ ;dod} btf{ u/fO{sfg'gL dfGotf k|fKt u/f}+ .!^ jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfnfO{ >ldssf] ?kdf sfddf nufO{ lzIffsf] pHofnf] 3fdaf6al~rt x'g] sfd gu/L :s'n hfg] cj;/ k|bfg ub}{ afnfkgsf] ;+/If0f u/f}+ .gu/kflnsf If]qdf pBf]u, Jofkf/ Joj;fo ;~rfng ubf{ 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfdf btf{ u/fO{k|df0fkq lnP/ dfq z'? u/f}+ .k|rlnt sfg'g P]gn] lgif]w u/]sf s'g}klg pBf]u, Jofkf/ ;~rfng ug]{ b'ik|of; gu/f}+ .cfkm\gf] j8fsf ljsf; lgdf{0f cfof]hgfsf] 5gf]6b]lv sfof{Gjog / pkef]u;Dddf x'g]lqmofsnfkdf ;xeflutf / ;dGjo u/f}+ .:yfgLo 6f]n ljsf;df cfj4 eO{ gu/If]qsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf ;fdflhsLs/0fdf;xefuL h'6fcf}+ .;8saQLsf] ;b'kof]u u/f}+, /flqdf dfq ;8saQL afnf}+, phf{sf] art u/L /fli6«o ;DklQ hf]ufcf}+ .;8ssf bfofF / afofF lsgf/f jf rf}/fxfdf oftfoftsf ;fwg v8f u/L k}bn ofq' / ;jf/Lcfjfudgdf c;'ljwf k'¥ofpg], ck|Toflzt ;jf/L b'3{6gf x'g] cj:yf ;[hgf gu/f}+ .l5d]sLnfO{ c;/ k'Ug] u/L rsf]{ cfjfh, w'jfF, w'nf] x'g] vfnsf sfo{x? gu/f}+ . cfk"mnfO{dg gkg]{ sfo{ l5d]sLk|lt klg gu/f}+ .:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% tyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL @)%^ adf]lhdgu/kl/ifbn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] s/, z'Ns, dx;'n ;dod} a'emfpg' eO{ ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df;lqmo ;xefuLsf] ?kdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' x'g cg'/f]w 5 .

xl/k|;fb kf08]osfo{sf/L clws[tsfo {sf/L clws[tsfo {sf/L clws[tsfo {sf/L clws[tsfo {sf/L clws[t


clwsf/sf] nflu af]Ng ;Sg] cj:yf lyPg . olt;Dd lsdlxnfx?nfO{ ljZjljBfnodf egf{ lnOb}gYof] . pgL klg dlxnfePs} sf/0f ljZjljBfno hfg kfOgg\ . Toltj]nf dlxnfx?nfO{/fhgLlts kf6L{sf] ;b:otf lbOb}gYof] . h]6lsgn] Tof] Joj:yftf]8]/ ;g\ !*&* df hd{g ;fdflhs hgjfbL kf6L{sf] ;b:otflng ;kmn eOg\ . To;kl5 pgnfO{ k'?ifx?n] sfg'gL 3]/ftf]8]sf] cf/f]k nufP . t/ klg pgL slt ljrlnt geP/ dlxnfx?nfOklg /fhgLltdf ;dfg ?kdf ;xefuL u/fpgsf nflu cfjfhp7fO/lxg . To;sf] kmn:j?k ;g\ !()* df hd{gLsf /fhlgltskf6L{x?n] dlxnfx?nfO{ klg ;b:otf lbg] cg'dlt kfP .

To;j]nf;Dd klg ljZjsf dlxnfx?df ljjfx geP;Dd dtbfgsf] clwsf/ lyPg . dlxnfx?n] /fhgLlts ;+3;+:yfsf];b:o aGg' ck/fwh:t} 7flgg] Tof] ;dodf Snf/f dfS;{, P+u]N;sfljrf/x?af6 k|efljt eOg\ / ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf] ;b:o eOg\ .!*&* lt/ hd{gLsf] jftfjf/0f ;dfhjfbLx?sf lj?4 bdgul/Psf] sfn lyof] . tTsfnLg zf;s lj:dfs{n] c;fwf/0fsfg'g nufO ;fdflhs hgjfbL dhb"/ kf6L{nfO{ k|ltaGw nufPsflyP . ;dfhjfb / ;dfhjfbL lj?4 s]lGb|t Tof] sfg"g aL;jif{;Dd /Xof] . lj:dfs{sf] bdg, dhb"/ju{sf] pT;fx, dfS;{P+u]N;sf j}1flgs ljrf/x?n] pgnfO{ ;dfhjfbL aGg d2tu¥of] .

Snf/fn] ?;L qmflGtsf/L o'js cf]l;k h]6lsg;Fuljjfx ul/g\ . pgLx?sf b'O{ 5f]/fx? eP . ;g\ !*** df

;d/]vf 8]:s

x/]s If]qdf gf/L k'?if ;dfgtfsf] efj :yflkt ug]{,;fdflhs dof{bfnfO{ ;dtfk"0f{ agfpg] / ;dfg xs;Fu} ;dfglhDd]jf/Laf]w u/fpg] ;}4flGts Pj+ Jojxfl/s sfo{sf] yfngLsf]k|;+u ;Demg'kbf{ Snf/f h]6lsgsf] gfd cu|k+lQmdf cfpF5 .

jf:tjdf cfh h'g tx / ts{;Fu} dlxnf cfGbf]ngljZjJofkL ag]sf] 5 To;sf] cfwf/ ljGb'df h]6lsgsf] gfd k|d'v?kdf lnOG5 . vf;u/L a}rfl/s ax;df Snf/fn] lbPsf ts{x?sf]bfz{lgs cfwf/ lyof], ;fdflhs ;Gbe{ lyof] / >dk/s lgi7flyof] . pgsf] wf/0ff :ki6 lyof] . pgL elGyg\, …dlxnf ;dtf /d'lQmsf] k|Zg pgLx?sf] ;fdflhs :jtGqtf / bf;tf;Fu hf]l8Psf]5 . ha;Dd cfly{s ;dtf / :jtGqtfsf] xs k|Tofe"t ul/+b}gta;Dd dlxnf pTkL8gsf] cGTo ;+ej 5}g .Ú

Snf/f h]6lsgsf] hGd !% h'nfO{ ;g\ !*%& dfhd{gLsf] lnkuLhdf ePsf] lyof] . cWofks afa' / dlxnf ;dtfsf]lrGtg /fVg] cfdfsL ;Gtfg ePsf]n] Snf/fsf] r]tgf klg cfdfåf/fk|efljt ePsf] atfOG5 . afNosfn / o'jfj:yf lgw{gtfdf lkN;Fb}latfPsL Snf/fn] ;fdfGo lzIff xfl;n u/]kl5 s]xL ;do lzIfsag]/ ;]jf ul/g\ . Snf/fn] ;g\ !*$& b]lv &* ;Dd pRrlzIffsf]cWoog;Fu} hd{g dlxnfx?sf] ;+u7g /fli6«o hd{g dlxnf ;+3dfkm{t cfkm\gf] lrGtgnfO{ cl3 a9fOg\ . Tof] a]nf s;}n] v'n]/

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cf]l;ksf] d[To'kl5 Snf/f hd{gL kmls{g . !(*( df cfof]lhtcGt/fli6«o >lds dlxnf ;Dd]ngdf hd{g dlxnfx?sf] k|ltlglwag]/ >lds dlxnfdlfy ePsf zf]if0f / cTofrf/sf] lrq0f ul/g\ .;dfg sfdsf] c;dfg Hofnf lbg] rngsf] 86]/ lj/f]w ul/g\ .dlxnf pTyfgsf lglDt ;fdflhs ;+/rgfdf kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostfbzf{Og\ . pgn] ToxfF k|:t't u/]sf] sfo{kq ljZjJofkL dxTjsf]b:tfj]h aGof] . ;g\ !()& df hd{gLsf] :6'6uf8{df ;DkGg !#b]zsf ;dfhjfbL dlxnfx?sf] k|yd cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] Snf/fnfO{dxf;lrj r'Gof]] . ;Dd]ngn] * dfr{sf] ;+3if{zLn k/Dk/fnfO{:yflkt ub}{ * 306f >d ;do nfu" ug{], dft[lzz' sfo{qmd;+rfng ug]{, dlxnfx?n] klg /fhg}lts sfo{df ;lqmo ?kdfefu lng kfpg'kg]{ h:tf dfux? cl3 ;f/]sf] lyof] . To:t} ;g\!(!) df 8]gdfs{sf] sf]k]gx]ugdf ePsf] dlxnfx?sf] bf]>f]cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf Snf/f h]6lsgsf] * dfr{nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o>lds dlxnf lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg] k|:tfj ;j{;Ddtn] kfl/tePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 ;g\ !(!! b]lv cf7 dfr{nfO{ ;+;f/el/g} >lds dlxnf lbj;sf ?kdf dgfpg] rng z'? eof] .

Snf/fn] cf7dfr{nfO{ g} cGt/fli6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;sf]?kdf k|:tfj ug'{sf k5fl8 dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] ;Gbe{df cf7dfr{sf]a]Un} Oltxf; alg;s]sf] lyof] . h:tf] cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf]Oltxf;nfO{ x]bf{ ;g\ !*%^ dfr{ * sf lbg cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{zx/sf] sk8f sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ dlxnfx?n] cfkm"dfly ePsf]

pTkL8g, ;dfg sfdsf] c;dfg Hofnfsf] lj/f]w, b}lgs !* 306fsfdsf] ;donfO{ 36fP/ !) 306fdf emfg'{kg]{ h:tf cfjfhp7fpFb} x8tfn u/]sf lyP . tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] of] cfGbf]ngnfO{bafof] . t/ of] cfGbf]ng g} ljZjsf dlxnfx?nfO{ k|]l/t ug]{ljZjsf] k|yd ;+ul7t cfGbf]ng aGg k'Uof] .

To:t} !*(& sf] cf7 dfr{sf lbg ToxfFsf] dhb'/cfGbf]ng ;+u;+u} sfdsf] 306f 36fpg] / ;dfg Hofnf lbg]Joj:yf xf]; eg]/ cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{ zx/df >lds dlxnfx?n]k'gM ljzfn h'n'; k|bz{g u/]sf lyP . log} cfGbf]ngsf] k[i7e'lddf;g\ !()& df hd{gsf] :6'6uf8{df !# b]zsf ;dfhjfbL dlxnfx?sf]k|yd cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngsf] nuQ};g\ !()* dfr{ * df Snf/f h]6lsgsf] g]t[Tjdf cd]l/sfsf]Go"of]s{ zx/df >lds dlxnfx?n] dtflwsf/sf] dfu /fv]/ ;+3if{u/] . ;g\ !()( sf] cf7 dfr{sf lbg cd]l/sfsf] lzsfuf] zx/df>lds dlxnfx?n] /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] dfu ub}{ cem Jofks /zlQmzfnL cfGbf]ng u/]sf lyP . cfGbf]ngk|lt cd]l/sL hgtfsf]rf;f] / ;dy{g a9\b} uPkl5 ;g\ !(@) cu:t @^ sf lbgcd]l/sL ;+ljwfgsf] pGgfO;f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f dlxnfx?nfO{ dtflwsf/lbg cd]l/sL ;/sf/ afWo eof] . ;g\ !*$* sf] h'nfO{ !( / @)df cd]l/sfsf] ;]g]sfkmN; -Go"of]s{_ dlxnf ;Dd]ngn] kfl/t u/]sf]dlxnfx?sf] ;dfg dtflwsf/sf] dfu k'/f u/fpg cd]l/sL dlxnfx?n]&@ jif{ n8\g' k/]sf] cd]l/sL dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df kfOG5 .

ljZj dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+:yfut ?k lbFb}cGt/f{li6«os/0f ug]{ s'/fdf ;dfhjfbL dlxnf g]t[ Snf/f h]6lsgsf]k|d'v e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . k|yd ljZjo'4 tfsf pgL zflGtsf] b'Gb'eLkm'Sg] dlxnfsf] ?kdf cl3 al9g\ . ;g\ !((% df hd{gLsf] af]gdfSnf/fn] o'4sf] lj?4df dlxnf ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ul/g\ . ;Dd]ngn]kf; u/]sf] k|:tfj / clknn] ljZjel/ g} txNsf dRrfOlbof] .pgnfO{ hd{g ;/sf/n] lu/km\tf/ u¥of] . pgsf] lu/km\tf/Lsflj?4 Jofks cfGbf]ng z'? eof] / cGtdf ;/sf/ pgnfO{ l/xfug{ afWo eof] .

o;/L hLjge/ dlxnfd'lQmsf] lglDt sfd ub}{ ;g\!((# df Snf/f h]6lsg lbj+ut eOg\ . t/ pgL ljZjel/sfdlxnfx?sf] >4f / ;Ddfgsf ;fy ;+emgf ug]{ k|ltefsf] ?kdfcd/ ag]sL 5g\ . cfhsf] ljZjdf rln/x]sf gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ngx?n]pgn] p7fPsf d"n ;d:ofx? g} p7fPsf 5g\ . lgZro g} c?;d:ofx? t ylkPsf 5g\ t/ cfwf/e"t k|Zgdf eg] pgn] p7fPsf;d:ofx?s} ;dfwfg vf]Hg cfGbf]ng hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ . :jtGqtf/ ;dfgtf k|flKt / k|j4{gdf pgn] b]vfPsf] af6f]n] xfdL ;a}nfO{lbzflgb]{z ul//x]sf] 5 . t:jL/x? M u'un

Snf/fn] cf7dfr{nfO{ g} cGt/fli6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;sf]?kdf k|:tfj ug'{sf k5fl8 dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] ;Gbe{df cf7dfr{sf]a]Un} Oltxf; alg;s]sf] lyof] . h:tf] cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf]Oltxf;nfO{ x]bf{ ;g\ !*%^ dfr{ * sf lbg cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{zx/sf] sk8f sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ dlxnfx?n] cfkm"dfly ePsf]pTkL8g, ;dfg sfdsf] c;dfg Hofnfsf] lj/f]w, b}lgs !* 306fsfdsf] ;donfO{ 36fP/ !) 306fdf emfg'{kg]{ h:tf cfjfh p7fpFb}x8tfn u/]sf lyP . tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] of] cfGbf]ngnfO{ bafof] .t/ of] cfGbf]ng g} ljZjsf dlxnfx?nfO{ k|]l/t ug]{ ljZjsf] k|yd;+ul7t cfGbf]ng aGg k'Uof] .

;dfhjfbL g]tf /f]hf nSh]Dau{sf] ;fydf Snf/f h]6lsg


v}/k'/, kfls:tfg — kfls:tfgsf] blIf0fL t6Lo ;x/s/fFrLaf6 em08} $ ;o ̂ )lsnf]ld6/ 6f9fsf] l;Gw k|fGtsf]v}/k'/ lhNnfsf] b'u{d dn+ufafb ufpFdf a;f]af; ug]{ ;f]x|

jifL{of g"/ afgf] dlxnfdfly ;dfgtfsf] Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fk'?ifx¿nfO{ ;Demfpg qmflGtafx]s cGo ljsNk 5}g elG5g\ .

pgsf] egfO{df To;kl5 dfq hah{:tL ljjfxaf6 dlxnf /lszf]/Lx¿n] d'lQm kfpg] / 3/]n' lx+;faf6 ;'/lIft /xg ;Sg]5g\ .

b'u{d 7fpFsL afgf]sf zAbx¿n] w]/} dflg;nfO{ crlDett'NofpF5g\ . g"/df knfPsf] dlxnfsf] :jtGqtf;DaGwL gofF cjwf/0ffkfls:tfgL jftfj/0f tyf ljsf;sf nflu g]t[Tj -nL8_ eGg] ;+:yfn]cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 dlxg] tflnddf ;xefuL ePkl5 cfPsf] xf] . ;f]tflndsf] p2]Zo dlxnfsf] hLjg ;Lkdf ;'wf/ ug]{, pgLx¿sf] 3'dlkm/nfO{a9fjf lbg], ;dfhdf ;xeflutf a9fpg], g]t[Tj Ifdtf a9fpg],cfTdljZjf; / :yf:Yo lzIffdf ;'wf/ ug]{ /x]sf] 5 .

kfls:tfgsf] ?9LjfbL / Go"g cfo ePsf ;d'bfodfk/Dk/fut¿kdf ul/a, u|fdL0f / ljBfno guPsf lszf]/Lx¿sf] hLjgul/aL, clzIff, rfF8f] ljjfx, pRr k|hgg / sdhf]/ :jf:Yoh:tf;d:ofaf6 k|tfl8t 5 .

of}jgfj:yfsf] ;dob]lv g} lszf]/Lx¿sf] hLjgdf rf}tkmL{kl/jt{g Nofpg nL8 ;+:yf s]xL jif{b]lv k|oTg/t 5 . ;zQmLs/0fsfo{qmddfkm{t u|fdL0f If]qsf ;a}h;f] If]qdf of] sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ug]{ nIo klg nL8sf] 5 .

nL8sf] 5gf}6df k/]sf t/ ljBfno guPsf / cljjflxt@@ lszf]/LdWo] g"/n] dfq tflndaf6 l;s]sf s'/fnfO{ ufpFsf ;a}k'?ifnfO{ ;Demfpg ;lsPdf ufpFdf ;fFrf] kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg] jf:tljstfJoQm ul/g\ .

æoL o'jf lszf]/Lx¿df x'g] nufgLn] lgs} k|ltkmn lbg]dfxfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5,Æ nL8sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t cln tpls/cln z]vn] cfO{kLP;nfO{ atfP . æpgLx¿n] g} ufO{j:t' x]g]{, kfgL /bfp/f vf]Hg] tyf cfkm"eGbf ;fgf s]6fs]6Lsf] x]/rfx ug]{h:tf3/leqsf cg]sg sfd ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 .Æ

l;sfuf] sfplG;nn] xfn} dfq k|sfzg u/]sf] ælszf]/Lx¿Mu|fdL0f cy{tGqdf dxTjk"0f{ zlQmÆ gfdsf] k|ltj]bgn] ljsf;zLnd'n'sx¿df a:g] lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ vf;¿kdf 5gf}6 u/]/ cWoog u/]sf]lyof] . k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/ o'jf dlxnf tyf lszf]/Lx¿ lg0f{o lgdf{0fstf{ePsf] v08df pgLx¿n] u|fdL0f If]qdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf dflg;sf]cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / jftfj/0fLo r'gf}ltsf ljifonfO{/fd|f];Fu ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

eljiosf oL cfdfx¿n] ul/aLsf] rqmnfO{ tf]8\g] ;fdYo{/fV5g\ / afnaflnsfsf nflu /fd|f] eljio pknAw u/fpg ;S5g\,k|ltj]bgn] eg]sf] 5 .

vfBfGgsf] d"Noj[l4 / vfB c;'/Iffsf] a9\bf] rf;f] hgfpFb}

s/fFrLl:yt cy{zf:qL cf;fb ;fObn] cfO{kLP;nfO{ eg], æ;x/af6u|fdL0f If]qtkm{ cy{tGq lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] 5 .Æ dlxnfsf] s[lifdfe"ldsf xfn %) k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf]n] ;dfj]zL cfly{s9fFrfsf nflu dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfdf Wofg s]lGb|t ug{' clt cfjZosb]lvG5 .

ljZj vfB sfo{qmd -8An'PÚkL_ sf k"j{ k|d'v tyf l;sfuf]sfplG;nsf] k|ltj]bgsL n]vs Sofyl/g al6{gLn] cfO{kLP;nfO{ elgg\,ævfBfGgsf] d"No 36\g] ;Defjgf gb]lvPsf sf/0f x/]s kl/jf/n] oft vfBfGg pTkfbg a9fpg'k5{ of cfDbfgL a9fpg'k5{ .Æ

pgn] elgg\, 3/sf ;b:ox¿dWo] lszf]/Lx¿ g} ;a}eGbfpTkfbgzLn 5g\ . lzIff / :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr a9fpg ;lsPdflszf]/Lx¿n] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf cl3lNt/ w]/} lsl;dsf ljsNkx¿ yKg;Sg] pgn] atfOg\ .

;g\ @)%) ;Dddf vfBfGgsf] cfk"lt{ em08} &) k|ltzta9fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] atfpFb} al6{gLn] elgg\, ælszf]/Lx¿nfO{/fd|f];Fu lzIff, :jf:Yosf ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg g;lsPdf ljZjdfef]sd/L l;h{gf x'g ;S5 .Æ

æd]/L cfdfn] 5f]/fsf] cfzfdf w]/} aRrf hGdfpg'eof],ÆnL8sf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ePsL / gf} ;GtfgdWo] ;fOnL !^ jifL{of/laof x';}gn] cfO{kLP;nfO{ atfOg\ . æcfdfn] sd aRrf hGdfpg'ePsf]eP cfdfa'afn] xfdL ;a}nfO{ a9L g} Wofg lbg / dfof ug{ ;Ifdx'g'x'GYof] .Æ

5 dlxgf klxn] /laofdf o:tf] lgisif{ lgsfNg] ;Defjgf

cGt/f{li6ocfh, pgL elG5g\, :s'nsf ;a}

lszf]/Lx¿ d]/f ;fyL ePsf 5g\ / pgLx¿daf6 s]xL s'/f l;Sg OR5's eO/x]sf

x'G5g\ . o;n] 3/leq / ;dfhdf pgnfO{Pp6f gofF klxrfg / ;Ddfg lbPsf] 5 .gofF 1fg l;Sg kfPsf]df cfkm"nfO{ lgs}uj{sf] cg'ej ePsf] pgL atfpFl5g\ .t/, ;lhbfsf s]xL wf/0ffx¿, h:t}

@% jif{sf] pd]/ gk'Ubf;Dd lszf]/Lx¿n]ljjfx ug'{ x'Fb}g, oxfFsf] lgs} k'/ftgjfbL

ufpFn]x¿sf nflu lgs} pQfpnf]nfUg;S5 .


sd} lyof] . æd}n] slxNo} ;f]r]sL lyOg ls xfdL kl/jf/df w]/}hlGdPsf xf}, cyjf 3/df lgs} xNnfvNnf x'G5 cyjf d}n] w]/}n'ufkmf6f w'g'k5{,Æ pgn] elgg\ . pgn] cfkm\gf] k"/} lhGbuLdf w]/}s]6fs]6Ln] 3/ el/e/fp dfq b]v]sL l5g\ / pgsf nflu of] s'g}cgf}7f] xf]Og .

æd]/f] ljrf/df d}n] oL rf/ dlxgfdf w]/} d"Nojfg\ s'/fx¿l;s]sL 5',Æ /laofn] elgg\ . æd]/f] hLjgsf] klg s]xL p2]Zo /x]5 .Æsfo{qmddf ;xefuL ePsf ;a} lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ 3/3/df uP/ dlxnfx¿nfO{emf8fkvfnfsf] pkrf/ ug{, afnaflnsfdf vf]ksf] dxTj a'emfpg, b"wv'jfpg] af]tn ;kmf ug]{ tl/sf atfpg tyf hGdfGt/sf] dxTjsfaf/]df s]xL s'/f l;sfpg pT;flxt ul/Psf] 5 . /laofn] oxfFsf]k'?ifx¿sf] k|e'Tjdf /x]sf] ;8sdf cfkm\gf] dxTj :yflkt ug{ lgs}cfTdljZjf; xfl;n u/]sL l5g\ .

pgL cfhef]ln 3/aflx/ k|foM lgl:s/xlG5g\ / cljjflxto'jf dlxnf eP klg s]xL ue{jtL dlxnfnfO{ :jf:Yo hfFrsf nflu:yfgLo c:ktfndf k'¥ofpg] sfd ul//x]sL l5g\ .ædnfO{ s]xL cfklQ 5}g– pgn] /fd|} sfd ul//x]sL l5g\ / cfkm"n]l;s]sf s'/fnfO{ Jojxf/df k|of]u ul//x]sL l5g\,Æ /laofsf a'afn]cfO{kLP;nfO{ atfP .

;'3|f clnsf a'afnfO{ klg cfkm\gL !% jifL{of 5f]/Ln] :jf:Yosfljifodf 3/–3/ k'u]/ ;d'bfodf lzIffsf nflu uPsf]df s'g} lrGtf5}g . pgn] ;'3|fsf sfo{n] 3/df v'l;ofnL 5fPsf] atfP, æxft gwf]O{xfdL 3/df vfgf klg vfg 5f8]sf 5f}+ .Æ

æpgnfO{ s'/f ug{ lgs} dg k5{,Æ csf{ ;xefuLsf xh'/cfdfu'nfd ;'3|fn] elgg\ . æpgL lgs} nhfn' lyOg\ / sd af]lNyg\,:jf:Yo;DaGwL kf7n] pgsf] lbdfu v'n]sf] 5 / /fd|f] ub{}l5g\ .Æ

æd}n] ;+w} cfkm\gf ljrf/nfO{ cfkm";Fu /fv]sL lyPF . To;sf]vf;} dxTj xf]nf eGg] d}n] slxNo} ;f]lrg, lsgeg] d clzlIft lyPF,Æ!% jifL{of ;lhbf clnn] cfO{kLP;nfO{ atfOg\ .

cfh, pgL elG5g\, :s'nsf ;a} lszf]/Lx¿ d]/f ;fyLePsf 5g\ / pgLx¿ daf6 s]xL s'/f l;Sg OR5's eO/x]sf x'G5g\ .o;n] 3/leq / ;dfhdf pgnfO{ Pp6f gofF klxrfg / ;Ddfg lbPsf]5 . gofF 1fg l;Sg kfPsf]df cfkm"nfO{ lgs} uj{sf] cg'ej ePsf] pgLatfpFl5g\ .

t/, ;lhbfsf s]xL wf/0ffx¿, h:t} @% jif{sf] pd]/ gk'Ubf;Ddlszf]/Lx¿n] ljjfx ug'{ x'Fb}g, oxfFsf] lgs} k'/ftgjfbL ufpFn]x¿sfnflu lgs} pQfpnf] nfUg;S5 .

æxf], Ps lbg xfdL ;a}n] ljjfx ug{ ;S5f}+, t/ xfdL aRr}x'Fbf ug'{ k6Ss} 7Ls xf]Og . @% jif{ k'u]kl5 j}jflxs ;DaGwsf nfludlxnfx¿ zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s b'j}¿kdf tof/ x'G5g\,Æ ;lhbf elG5g\ .pgL cfkm}+n] /f]h]sf JolQm;Fu ljjfx ug{ klg rfxlG5g\ . kfls:tfgsf]u|fdL0f If]qdf o;nfO{ cgf}7f] dflgg ;S5 lsgeg] u|fdL0f If]qx¿dflszf]/Lx¿ of}jgfj:yfdf k'Ugf;fy cfdfa'afn] ljjfxsf] rfFhf]kfFhf]ldnfpg yfln;s]sf x'G5g\ .

t/ /fi6«;ª\3Lo hg;+Vof sf]ifsL k"j{k|d'v glkm; ;flbsn]l;sfuf] sfplG;nsf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf o:tf k/Dk/fx¿kl/jt{g ug{ lgs} sl7g x'g] atfOg\ . -cfO{=kL=P;\=÷Pg\=kL=cfO{=_

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pgLx?n] d]/f] b]z ;f]w]

pgLx?n] d]/f] b]z ;f]w]Pp6f sN;f}+/fcsf{ uf]/f dfG5]x? cfP/d]/f] b]z ;f]w]Ps d'7\7L df6f] p7fP/d]/f] b]zsf] kl/ro lbPF .kxf8 ;f]w]—nfnLu'/f+;sfu'R5fx? b]vfPFs]xL cl3 ;/]/sN;f}+/f]n] t/fO{ ;f]Wof];'gsf hnk nufPsfkx]+nk'/ wfgsf afnf b]vfPF .d'G6f] xNnf /x]sfpgLx?n]b]zsf] tYof+s dfu]oyfy{ b]vfO{lbPFlbbL, a}gL r]nLa]6L ;f]w]of]udfof, kf;fËnfxfd'/, kfl/hftx? eg]Toltv]/;Dd klgxfdL ldqtfdf /dfO{/x]s} lyof}+clg ;Ldfgf ;f]Wg yfn]kl5 eg]l;Ëf] d'6' lems]/ b]vfOlbPF;~rf] x'Fb}uO/x]sf 3fpx? sf]6\ofP/pgLx?n] d]/f] b]z ;f]w] .

lul//fh zdf{

xh"/af 5f]/L eGg'x'G5dfdf lbbL eGg'x'G5afaf >LdtL eGg'x'G5

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d ljBfno uPFdxfljBfno uPFToxfF ltd|f] gfd rflxPgw]/}nfO{ cfkm\gf] kl/ro lbPFs;}af6 ltd|f] gfd ;f]lwPgd aflnu ePF, dtflwsf/ kfPFd]/f] kl/rokqdfltd|f] gfd n]lvPgd gful/s ePF

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s;}af6 ;f]wgL gu/]sf]st} pRrf/0f ug{ gk/]sf], ltd|f] gfd;fj{hlgs ug{ rfxG5' dwtL{ eGg] pkgfd xf]Og cfdfdnfO{ ltd|} gfd rflxG5eg cfdf ltd|f] gfd s] xf] <

cfdf ltd|f]gfd s] xf] <nIdL dfnL


dlxnfsf] k/Dk/fut sfdnfO{ dfqJoj;foLs/0f ug'{k5{ eGg] wf/0ffnfO{ lrb}{bfªsf dlxnfx? k/Dk/feGbf leGg ?kdfJoj;fo ;~rfng u/]/ cfly{s ;zlQms/0fdfnlDsPsf 5g\ .

bfª lhNnfdf pgLx? ;dfhdfk'?ifn] ug]{ elgPsf Joj;fox?df xfta9fP/ ;kmn dfq e}/x]sf 5}gg\, s'g} klgsfd dlxnf / k'?ifsf] eGg] x'Fb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{k|dfl0ft ;d]t ul//x]sf 5g\ .

…cfO{dfO{n] klg uf8L Joj;foug]{ < Tof] t k};f w]/} eP/ lsg]sf] xf] .Ú;xsdL { oftfoft Joj;foLsf o:tf6Lsfl6Kk0fLn] oftfoft Joj;foL cd[tf zfxsf]phf{ emg} a9fpFYof] . o:tf 6Lsfl6Kk0fLn]cd[tfnfO{ Joj;fo 5f]8\g x}g pgLx?sf cufl8;kmn eP/ b]vfOlbg] b[9tf yKg] sfd u¥of] .;dfh / k'?if ;xsdL{n] u/]sf l6Kk0fLnfO{;'g]/ kl5 x6]sf] eP pgL slxNo} oftfoftJoj;foL dlxnf eg]/ lrlgg] lyOgg\ .

3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf !) lqk'/f6f]nsL clDas]Zj/L oftfoft Joj;foL ;+3sLlgjt{dfg cWoIf oftfoft Joj;foL cd[tfzfxnfO{ ;fg}b]lv dlxnfx?dfly ePsf]lyrf]ldrf] b]Vbf 5f]/f] eP/ hGd]sf] eP eGg]nfUYof] . …3/kl/jf/df klg k'?if ;b:on]cfkm"n] sdfpg] ePs} sf/0fn] cfdfx?dflyu/]sf] cTofrf/n] ubf{ d k'?if eP/ hlGdg'kg]{eGg] efjgf cfpYof]Ú, cd[tf elG5g\, …Ps dgn]k'?if geP s] ef] t sfd d pgLx? a/fa/ g}ug{ ;S5' eGg] nfUYof] . ToxL s'/fn] g} dnfO{k|f]T;flxt u¥of] .Ú

ljx]kl5 kl/l:ylt klg To:t} k¥of] .5f]/f hlGdPkl5 >Ldfgn] klg x]g{ 5f]8] . s]ug]{ eGg] cGof}ns} aLrdf oftfoft Joj;foz'? u/]sf] atfpFl5g\ cd[tf . z'?df ul/Psfl6sfl6Kk0fLx? cfhef]ln ;Ddfgdf kl/0ftePsf 5g\ .

To;}u/L k/Dk/fsf] 3]/fnfO{ tf]8]/pBf]u ug]{ csL{ dlxnf x'g\ ;'zLnf yfkf .3f]/fxL bLkzLvf /f]8df cleofg km|]; xfp;;~rfng ul//x]sL @$ jifL{of ;'zLnfn] klgJoj;fo z'? ubf{ cd[tfs} lgolt ef]Ug' k¥of] .dlxnfn] df;' ksfpg] dfq xf] sf6\g] x}g eGg]

;dfhnfO{ /fd|} pbfx/0f x'g ;'zLnf . pgsf]km|]; xfp;df b}lgs tL; s]hL;Ddsf] df;'laqmL x'g] ub{5 . df;' Joj;foaf6 pgsf]dfl;s v'b art sDtLdf !) xhf/ x'G5 .;'zLnfsf >Ldfg nfOa]|l/og x'g\ . >Ldfgsf]hflu/ eGbf cfkm"n] /fd|f] cfDbfgL u/]sf];'zLnf atfpFl5g\ . …3/sf] cfly{s ;d:ofn]s] ug]{ eGg] ;d:ofn] lk/f]Ng yfNof] .Ú ;'zLnfelG5g\, …h] sfd ug{ klg ;S5' eGg]cfTdljZjf;n] dnfO{ km|]; xfp; ;~rfngug{ k|]l/t u¥of]] .Ú

To:t} lhNnfdf @)^@ ;fndf !!hgf dlxnfx?sf] ;lqmotfdf xft]dfnf]kfp/f]6L pBf]u v'Nof] . b'O{ nfv %) xhf/sf]nufgLdf v'n]sf] ;f] pBf]u ;~rfng u/]/dlxnfx? :j/f]huf/ ag] . 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfj8f g+ !) df ;~rflnt kfp/f]6L pBf]usLcWoIf P]Zjo{ l;+x elG5g\, …z'?df t s;/Lsfd ug]{ eGg] yfxf g} lyPg . !! hgf;b:ox? dWo] ;a}n] pTkfbg, ahf/ Joj:yfkgh:tf s'/fx?df kfn} kfnf] $ hgfsf] ;d"xagfP/ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ub}{ hfFbf ;a}

lkmr/

To:t} lhNnfdf @)^@ ;fndf !! hgf dlxnfx?sf] ;lqmotfdf xft]dfnf]kfp/f]6L pBf]u v'Nof] . b'O{ nfv %) xhf/sf] nufgLdf v'n]sf] ;f]pBf]u ;~rfng u/]/ dlxnfx? :j/f]huf/ ag] . 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfj8f g+ !) df ;~rflnt kfp/f]6L pBf]usL cWoIf P]Zjo{ l;+x elG5g\,…z'?df t s;/L sfd ug]{ eGg] yfxf g} lyPg . !! hgf ;b:ox? dWo];a}n] pTkfbg, ahf/ Joj:yfkg h:tf s'/fx?df kfn} kfnf] $ hgfsf];d"x agfP/ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ .


gf/Ljfb (Feminism) /fhgLltscfGbf]ngsf] ;fdflhs l;4fGt xf] . of]cfGbf]ng ;dfhdf dlxnfx?n] ug]{ cg'ejdfcfwfl/t 5 . of] cfGbf]ng d'Vo ?kdf;fdflhs ;DaGwaf6 clek|]l/t 5 tyflkdlxnfjfbLx?n] o; cGtu{t n} + lusc;dfgtf / dlxnf clwsf/ h:tfljifox?dfly hf]8 lbG5g\ . o;/L gf/LjfbLcfGbf]ngsf] p2]Zo n}+lus c;dfgtfsfk|s[lt / sf/0fx?sf] vf]h / o;sf sf/0fpGkGg x'g] e]befjsf] /fhgLltsf] JofVofug'{, To;nfO{ x6fpg] k|oTg ug'{ /x]sf] 5 .

cfw'lgs gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ng d"ntMklZrd]nL l;4fGt Pj+ bz{gaf6 k|]l/t /x]sf]5,hals clxn] x/]s b]zdf gf/LjfbLcfGbf]ng rln/x]sf] 5 . gf/Ljfbsf] d'Vop2]Zo n}+lus p2]Zo dlxnfdfly ul/g] e]befjx6fpg] ePtf klg cfw'lgs gf/Ljfb ljleGgwf/fx?df ljeQm 5 . s]xL d"Vo wf/fx?df-!_ ;f+:s[lts gf/Ljfb -@_ kof{j/0fLogf/Ljfb -#_ ;dtfd'ns gf/Ljfb -$_;dn}+lus gf/Ljfb -%_ pbf/jfbL gf/Ljfb -^_ j}olQms gf/Ljfb -&_ ef}lts gf/Ljfb -*_ ax'–;f+:s[lts gf/Ljfb -(_ ljv08gjfbLgf/Ljfb -!)_ cfWolTds gf/Ljfb -!!_dfS;{jfbL jf ;dfhjfbL gf/Ljfb kb{5g\ .

o;/ L g f / L j fb e Gg fn ]dlxnfx?sf] /fhgLlts cfly{s / ;fdflhsclwsf/x?sf ] nflu rn]sf ljleGgcfGbf]ngx?sf] ;dli6 xf] . ;dfhdf /x]sf]n}+lus c;dfgtfsf] cg';Gwfg / ljleGg;+3if{x?sf] k[i7e"ldaf6 gf/LjfbL l;4fGtn]hGd lnof] . z'?sf dlxnfjfbL cfGbf]ngx?uf]/f, dWodjuL{o / lzlIft dlxnfx?sf]dfq kIfkf]if0f ug]{ tl/sfn] cufl8 cfPsflyP . clxn]sf dlxnf cfGbf]ngx? dlxnfclwsf/sf kIfdf rflnPsf cleofgx? x'g\ .oL dlxnf cfGbf ]ngx?n] e]befjk"0f {sfg"gx?sf] ;+zf]wg, ;DklQsf] clwsf/ /

k|hgg clwsf/nufotsf s'/fx?df dlxnfn]:jfoQtf kfpg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbG5g\ .o;sf cltl/Qm dlxnflj?4 x'g] 3/]n' lx+;fof}g b'Jo{jxf/h:tf ljifox? klg dlxnfcfGbf]ngsf ljifo x'g\ .dlxnf cfGbf ]ngsf ] Oltxf;dlxnf cfGbf ]ngsf ] Oltxf;dlxnf cfGbf ]ngsf ] Oltxf;dlxnf cfGbf ]ngsf ] Oltxf;dlxnf cfGbf ]ngsf ] Oltxf;

cfw'lgs klZrd]nL gf/LjfbLcfGbf]ngsf tLg cfofd 5g\ . k|To]scfofddf gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ngsf leGgfleGg}kIfx?dfly hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . gf/LjfbLcfGbf]ngsf] klxnf] nx/ !( cf}+ ztfAbLsf]kl5Nnf] ;do / @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf] z'?;Dddlxnfx?n] /fhgLlts lgjf {rgx?dfdtflwsf/x?sf] dfu ub}{ rnfPsf ;+3if{x?lyP . dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] bf];|f] kIf !(^)sf ] bzsdf rn ]s f d lxn f d ' lQ mcfGbf]ngx?df cleJoQm eof] . bf];|f ]c f Gb f ]ng ;dfhj fb L c f Gb f ]ngsf ]ljrf/x?;Fu glhs lyof] / o;n] sfg"gL;dfgtfsf cltl/Qm ;fdflhs ;dfgtfsfdfux?nfO{ ;d]t pNn]Vo ?kdf p7fPsf]lyof] . dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] t];|f] nx/ !(()kZrft z'? eof] . o;nfO{ ;dfhjfbL dlxnfcfGbf]ngsf] c;kmntfsf] k|ltlqmofsf] ?kdfljsf; ePsf] dflgG5 .

dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] klxnf] nx/!( cf}+ / @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf] z'?;Dd rn]sfcfGbf]ngsf ultljlw x'g\ . Oª\Nof08 /cd]l/sfdf ePsf] o; cfGbf]ngn] ;dfg;Demf}tf, ljjfx, cleefjsTj / dlxnfx?sf];DklQsf] clwsf/dfly hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] .t/ !( cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cGTo;Dd cfOk'Ubfdlxnf clwsf/jfbLx?n] /fhgLlts zlQm,dtflwsf/ nufotsf s'/fx?df hf]8 lbgy fn ] . To; } ;dod f d lxn fclwsf/jfbLx?sf] ;fgf] ;d"xn] dlxnfx?sf]of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/sf] dfu ug{ z'?u/]sf] lyof] .

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l;lsg] /x]5 .ÚTo:t} Jofkf/L dlxnf eg]/ cfkm\gf]

5'6\6} klxrfg agfpg ;kmn dlxnf x'g\ 3f]/fxLs}a}+s /f]8df km]G;L k;n ;~rfng ug{] dGh'ah|frfo{ . bfª lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sLdlxnf ;b:o ;d]t /x]sL d~h' elG5g\, …of]sfd k'?ifn] / of] sfd dlxnfn] ug]{ eg]/5'6\ofpg] hdfgf u};Sof] . b'a} hgfn] sfdgug]{ xf] eg] t afFRg uf¥xf] 5 .Ú dlxnfx?hfu?s eP/ cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy nfUg] xf]eg] dflg;n] ug]{ ;a} sfd ug{ ;lsg] pgs]fwf/0ff 5 . pBf]u Joj;fodf dlxnfx?nfO{s;/L cfslif{t Pj+ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ eGg] ljifodf;/sf/n] ;f]+Rb} g;f]r]sf] pgsf] wf/0ff 5 .pBf]uL Joj;foLsf] ;+:yf pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf]s'g}klg of]hgf gx'Fbf ;+3leq lg/Gt/ cfjfhp7fpg] u/]sf] ah|frfo{ atfpFl5g\ .

pBf]uL Joj;foL dlxnfsf] ljifodf;+3n] ljz]if of]hgf agfPsf] bfª lhNnfpBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf lhNnf cWoIf dw';"bgj}B atfpF5g\ . …dlxnf pBdL / Jojf;foLx?sf];d"x agfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ ;f]+rdf 5f}+ .ÚljleGg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] dlxnfsfgfddf btf{ ePsf Joj;fo pBf]unfO{ tLgnfv;Ddsf] C0f lbg] lgod ePsf]n] dlxnfsf]gfddf btf{ x'g] Jofkf/ Joj;fo / pBf]usf];+Vofdf pNn]Vo j[l4 e}/x]sf] a}Bn] atfP .k'?ifsf] gfddf btf{ ePsf Jofkf/ Joj;foPj+ pBf]ux?df dlxnfn] ;lqmo eP/ bfloTjk '/f u/ ]klg >]o ln+bf k '?ifn ] lng]Joj;foLx?sf] hdft 7"n} ePsf] ah|frfo{sf]ef]ufO 5 .

bfªdf pBf]uL Joj;foL dlxnfsf];+Vof slt 5 eGg] ljifodf Plsg tYof+sgeP klg bfª pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] /]s8{cg';f/ sl/a ! xhf/ %) hgf k'?if Joj;foLdWo] %) hgf dlxnf Joj;foL 5g\ . To:t}3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nos]f tYof+scg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)^& .)^* c;f/d;fGt;Dddf hDdf b'O{ xhf/ * ;o @) btf{ePsf pBf]u Joj;fo dWo] k'?ifsf gfddfbtf{ ePsf Ps xhf/ ;ft ;o kfFr, dlxnfk'?if b'a}sf gfddf btf{ ePsf ̂ ) / dlxnfsfdfgfddf btf{ ePsf Ps ;o ^% /x]sf 5g\ .To:t} cfly{s jif{ )^*.^( sf] df3 dlxgf;Dd#! Hfgf dlxnfsf gfddf btf{ ePsf pBf]uJoj;fox? 5g\ .

Dfflysf] tYof+s cg';f/ dlxnfsf gfddfvf]lnPsf / dlxnf :jo+dn] ;~rfng u/]sfJoj;fox?df ;dfhn] dlxnfn] ug'{kg]{ eg]/tf]lsPsf l;nfOs6fO, Jo"6Lkfn{/, s:d]l6s Joj;foh:tf Joj;fodf dlxnfsf] gfd 5 t/ ;dfhn]k'?ifn] ug'{kg]{ eg]/ tf]s]sf 7"nf 7"nf pBf]u h:tf]OF6f pBf]u, 5fkfvfgf, On]lS6«sn On]S6«f]lgS;lu|n pBf]u, 8«fOleª ;]G6/ / l;d]G6 ;dfu|L pBf]uh:tf Joj;fox? dlxnfn] u/]sf / dlxnfsfgfddf btf{ ePsf e]l6Psf] 5}g . ;/sf/n] ljuts]xL jif{b]lv dlxnfsf] gfddf 3/hUuf btf{ ubf{@% k|ltzt 5'6 lbg] k|fjwfg ePklg pBf]u Joj;fosf]If]qdf eg] sg} klg k|sf/sf] 5'6 of k|f]T;fxgsf]Joj:yf gePsf] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nosfk|d'v rGb|k|;fb b]jsf]6f atfpF5g\ . pBf]u dGqfnon];+;bdf dlxnfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] pBf]unfO{ #%k|ltzt nfut ;x'lnot 5'6 lbg] k|:tfjgf dfqk]z u/]sf] ePklg o;n] sfg'gL?k eg] glnO;s]sf]b]jsf]6f atfpF5g\ .


cf } + ztflAbd } a ]nfotsf ] ci6 ] « lnofsfpklgj]zx?df dlxnfx?nfO{ dtflwsf/ k|bfgul/Psf] lyof] . Go"lhNof08sf] :jzfl;tcf}klgj]lzs If]qdf !*(# df / blIf0fc:6]«lnofdf !*(% df dlxnfx?n] dtflwsf/k|fKt u/]sf lyP . c:6]«lnofn] ;+;bLo r'gfjdfk|lt:kwf{ ug]{ cj;/ ;d]t pknAw u/fPsf]lyof] . a]nfotdf dlxnf clwsf/jfbLx?n]rnfPsf] cleofgsf] kmn:j?k hgtfsf]k|ltlglwTj ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] sfg"g agfOPsf]lyof] . h;n] !(!* b]lv #) jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf/ cfkm\g} 3/ ePsf dlxnfx?nfO{ dtflwsf/k|bfg u¥of] . !(@* b]lv @! jif{ k'u]sf ;a}dlxnfx?nfO{ k'?if ;/x g} dtflwsf/ k|bfgul/of] . cd]l/sfdf Lucretiamott, ElizabethCady Stanton / Susan B. Anthory h:tfg]t[x?n] dlxnf dtflwsf/ Pj+ bf;Tj cGTosfnflu cleofg rnfPsf lyP . !(!( dful/Psf] cd]l/sL ;+ljwfgsf] !( cf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f;a} /fHosf dlxnfx?nfO{ dtflwsf/ k|bfgul/Pkl5 dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] klxnf] nx/cGTo ePsf] dflgG5 .

/fhgLlts c;dfgtfsf] cGTonufot ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ;d]tsf]dfu ub}{ ;~rflnt gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{cfGbf]ngsf] bf];|f] nx/ elgG5 . o;cGtu{tz'?df lrgsf dlxnfx?n] rnfPsf] wfld{s;'wf/jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ lnOG5 . sGkm'l;o;wd{sf] pNn]Vo k|efj k/]sfn] o;nfO{ gjsGkm'l;o;jfbL gf/Ljfb klg elgG5 .o;cGtu{t ;o lbg] ;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu'ePsf] lyof] . kl5 lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n]dlxnfd'lQm cfGbf ]ngnfO{ juL {o d'lQmcfGbf]ng;Fu hf]8\g] of]hgf cufl8 ;f¥of] .lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] dlxnfx?nfO{ >d;FuPsLs[t ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff /fVb} qmflGtkl5 juL{od'lQm;Fu} dlxnf d'lQm klg k|fKt x'g] bfjLu¥of] . csf] {lt/ c/jdf rn]sf dlxnfcfGbf]ngx?n] sfg"gL Pj+ ;fdflhs ;'wf/x?dfhf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 . Hoda shaarawi n]OlhlK6og dlxnfjfbL o'lgogsf] :yfkgf u/]sLlyOg . O/fgsf] dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] !()% dfePsf] ;+j}wflgs qmflGtaf6 lzIff, ljjfx,/f]huf/Lnufotsf sfg"gL clwsf/x? k|fKtu¥of] . t/ !(&( sf] O/fgL qmflGt;Dddfdlxnfsf ;a} clwsf/x? ;dfKt eO;s]sflyP . d'lZnd sfg"gdf cfwfl/t …kfl/jfl/s;+/If0f sfg"gÚ n] dlxnfsf clwsf/x? vf]:g]sfd u/]sf] lyof] .

dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] bf];|f] nx/n]@) cf}+ ztfAbLsf] dWodf prfO{ k|fKt u¥of] .k|m]Gr bfz{lgs Simone de Beauvoir n] TheSecond Sex k':tssf] k|sfzg dfkm{t gf/LjfbLcfGbf]ngsf ;d:ofx?sf] dfS;{jfbL ;dfwfgk|:t't ul/g\ . bf];|f] nx/sf] dlxnf cfGbf]ngn]/fhgLlts / ;f+:s[lts c;dfgtfx? x6fpg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . rLgsf] sDo'lgi6cfGbf]ngn] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf dlxnfx?sf];xeflutf dfkm{t\ dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsfnfO{cufl8 Nofof] .

!(%^ df OlhK6sf /fi6«klt Gamel

Abdel Nasser n] /fHo gf/Ljfbsf] cjwf/0ffcufl8 ;f/] . h;n] dlxnfx?nfO{ dtflwsf/sf]Joj:yf u¥of] . t/ dlxnf g]t[x?sf] cu'jfOdf/fhgLlts cfGbf]ng ug{ eg] /f]Sof] . t/cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?df cfPsf] km'6 / sltkoclwsf/sdL{x?sf] OZnflds k|m]djs{leq dlxnfclwsf/ vf]Hg'kg]{ wf/0ff cufl8 cfPkl5 dlxnfcfGbf]ng cufl8 a9\g ;s]g .

dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] t];|f] nx/ eg]!(() b]lv cd]l/sfaf6 z'? eof] . t];|f]nx/sf kIfkftLx?n] ;'Id /fhgLltdfly hf]8lb+b} pQ/ ;+/rgfjfbL JofVofx? cufl8 ;f/] .of] gf/Ljfbn] dlxnfsf ljleGg hftLo jf;f+:s[lts ljljwtf cg';f/ gf/Ljfbsfk|s[lt;d]t a]Unfa]Un} x'g] wf/0ff cufl8 ;fb{5 .

ljleGg ;dodf ljleGg kl/j]zdfljsf; ePsf gf/LjfbL cfGbf ]ngx?n]cnucnu k|sf/sf ljrf/wf/fx?sf] ljsf;u/]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] s]xL k|ToIf ?kdf/fhgLlts ljrf/wf/fsf] lgs6 b]lvG5g\ .cGo /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/fsf] k|ToIf lgs6gb]lvP klg of] jf Tof] ?kdf /fhgLltsljrf/wf/fsf] kIfkf]if0f ub{5g\ . pbf/jfbLgf/Ljfbn] /fhgLlts / ;fdflhs ;'wf/dfkm{t\JolQmut :jtGqtfsf] k|flKtdf hf]8 lbG5 .qmflGtsf/L gf/Ljfbn] lkt[;Qfaf6 lgolGqtk"FhLjfbL ;f]kfg eTsfP/ ;dfhsf] k'g;+{/rgfug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbG5 . :jtGq gf/Ljfbn]cfkm"nfO{ afx\o x:tIf]kaf6 d'Qm /fVg'kg]{ s'/fdfhf]8 lbG5 . k[ystfjfbL gf/Ljfbn] ;dn}+lusof}g ;DaGwdf hf]8 lbG5 . kof{j/0fLogf/Ljfbn] k'?ifx?sf] hldgdflysf] clwsf// To;n] kof{j/0fdf k'¥ofO/x]sf] Iflt /f]Sg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbG5 . dfS;]{nL gf/Ljfbn]dlxnf bdgsf] sf/0f k"FhLjfbnfO{ dfGb5 . .dfS;{jfbn] cfly{s pTkL8gaf6 d'lQmnfO{hf]8lbG5 . oxLg]/ ;dfhjfbL gf/Ljfbn]dfS;{jfbaf6 cfkm"nfO{ cnUofpF5 . ;dfhjfbLgf/Ljfbn] cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts b'j} vfn]pTkL8gaf6 d'lQm x'g'kg]{ ts{ cufl8 ;f5{ .c/fhs ;dfhjfbn] ju{;+3if{ / /fHolj?4sf]c/fhstfnfO{ cufl8 ;f5{ . sfnf tyf pQ/pklgj]zjfbL gf/Ljfbn] gf/Ljfb ;DaGwLklZrdf ;f]+rfO{af6 d'Qm x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff cufl8;f5{ . pQ/ cfw'lgstfjfbL gf/Ljfb 8]l/8fsf]ljlgdf{0f l;4fGt, afw{sf] ;+s]t ljZn]if0f,km'sf]sf] 1fgsf] ljZn]if0f l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t5 .

To:t} pQ/ cfw ' lgstfjfbn]dlxnfx?dfly eO/x]sf zf]if0fsf ljljw?kx?sf ] cWoog ub{5 . t/ o;n]To;k|sf/sf zf]if0fx? s'g} lglZrt P]ltxfl;sk|lqmofx? cGtu{t eO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fOGsf/ u5{ . o;}sf/0f pQ/cfw'lgstfjfbcGtu{t dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ cw{/fhgLltsjf ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts k|lqmofx?;Fu hf]8\g/ To;/L dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8a9fpg c;Dej x'G5 .

o;/L gf/L cfGbf]ngsf ljleGgcfofd / ljrf/ k|j[lQx? /x]sf] s'/f dflysf];fdfGo rrf{af6 yfxf x'G5 . g]kfnsf] dlxnf

cfGbf]ngnfO{ P]ltxfl;s sfnqmd cg';f/ rf/r/0fdf af8\g ;lsG5 eGg] o; k+lQmsf/sf]wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 . k|yd, !(!& b]lv !(^);Ddsf] cjlw . ;+u7g :yfkgfsf] b[li6n]!(!& df :yflkt dlxnf ;ldlt, !($^ sf]cfbz{ dlxnf ;ldlt / !($& :yflkt g]kfndlxnf ;+3 o; sfnsf pNn]Vo ;+u7gx?x'g\ . o; sfndf klxnf] cjlwdf /f0fflj?4k|hftflGqs ;+3if{df dlxnf ;+3if{ ;d]t hf]l8Psf]lyof] . t/ k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf kZrft of]cfGbf]ng ;+;bdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj sfodx'g'kg]{ h:tf ;km\6 ;jfnx?df ;Lldt /x\of] .bf];|f] r/0fk~rfotsfnsf] xf] . k~rfotn]cfkm\gf] juL{o ;+u7gsf] ?kdf g]kfn dlxnf;+u7gsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf] d"Vo/fhgLlts gf/f …ljsf;df dlxnfÚ eGg] lyof] .To;sf] cy{ dlxnfx?nfO{ /fhgLlts ;+3if{af66f9f /fVg' lyof] . !(() df ax'bnLok|hftGqsf] :yfkgf ePkl5 gf/L cfGbf]ngsf]of] r/0f ;dfKt eof] . !(() df cfGbf]ng;kmn ePkl5 dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] t];|f] r/0fz'? eof] . o;kl5 dlxnfx?sf] ;lqmotfdfJofks a[l4 eof] . of] gf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{Pglhcf]n] tTsfn cfkm\gf] k|efjdf Nofpg;s]sfn] o; cfGbf]ngn] /fhgLlts pknlAwxfl;n ug{ ;s]g . s'g tYosf] cfwf/df of]eGg ;lsG5 eg] @)^# sf] cfGbf]ng ;kmnx'g' eGbf cufl8 ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf % k|ltztpDd]bjf/L lbg'kg]{ afx]s dlxnf clwsf/sfs'g} klg s'/fx? k|fKt lyPg .

!((^ df dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[TjdfcfGbf]ng z'? ePkl5 dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf]rf}yf] r/0f z'? eof] . hgo'4sf cg]sg/fhgLlts Pj+ kmf}hL sdf08df k'?if ;/x g}dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf b]lvof] . h;sf]kmn:j?k @)^# sf] cfGbf]ng kZrft 7"nf];+Vofdf dlxnfx? Joj:yflksfdf k|j]z ug{;kmn eP . oBlk dfcf]jfbLsf] s]Gb|Lo Pj+kf]ln6Ao"/f] sld6Ldf cem} klg dlxnf ;xeflutfGo'g g} 5 .

j}rfl/s b[li6n] eg] g]kfndf dlxnfcfGbf]ngsf s]an b'O{ k|j[lQx? 5g\ . k|yd,ljsf;] gf/LjfbL . bf];|f], ;dfhjfbL jfdfS;{jfbL gf/Ljfb . …ljsf;]Ú gf/Ljfb d"ntMPglhcf]÷cfOPglhcf]x?n] cufl8 a9fO/x]sf]wf/0ff xf] . To;n] dlxnfx?n] clwsf/ kfpg'kg]{ s'/fdf xf]Og, a? dlxnfx?sf] ljsf;,pTyfg jf ;zlQms/0f ul/g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8lbG5 . /fhgLlts ;+3if{df hf]8 glbg] o;k|sf/sf ;+:yfx?af6 dlxnfx?n] clwsf/k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] s'/f] t ePg g}, ;zlQms/0fklg To;sf] dfq} x'G5 h;n] bft[ ;+:yfaf68n/ k|fKt u5{ .

bf];|f], dfS;{jfbL gf/L cfGbf]ngxf] . h;n] dlxnfx?sf] lk5l8Psf] cj:yfvf; /fhgLlts kl/kf6L Pj+ pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf]pkh 7fG5 / dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ /fhgLlts;+3if{;Fu hf]8\b} pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{gu/]/ dfq} dlxnfx?n] d'lQm kfpg ;Sg] wf/0ff/fVb5 .


lr/faf6 klg cfsfz b]Vg;lsG5 . tLglt/ k|of; u¥of]

eg] vf]+rd} cl8G5 . kfl/jfl/s ;fdflhslx+;fsf] lzsf/ ePsf dlxnfx? sfdaf6knfog geO 86]/ sfdd} h'l6/x]sfdlxnfx?sf] …;+sNkÚn] ToxL cfsfzb]vfp5 .

…kTgLsf] kltdf cfTd;dk{0fsf]efj x'G5 . kTgLn] cfkm"nfO{ la;]{/ kltl;tPsfTdstf :yflkt ul5{g\ . ljjfx eP kl5kTgLsf] uf]q s'n /xFb}g . Ps k|sf/n] gofFhGd x'G5 . kTgLnfO{ of] efj x'Fb}g ls dcsf]{ 3/df cfPsf], csf]{ 3/sL x'F eGg] .;f/f hLjg g} ;dlk{t ePsf] x'G5 .ÚcfWoflTds lstfj elQmz'qdf dlxnfsf] :yfgo;/L tf]lsPsf]] 5 .

o:t} ljrf/x?sf] k|efjdf ljsf;ePsf] xfd|f] kfl/jfl/s / ;fdflhs ;+/rgfxf] . st} 3/HjfO+{ a:g'k/] xLgtfaf]w / abgfdLcg'e"lt ug]{ k'?if cfkm" ;/xsf] dfgj dlxnfn];a} s'/f TofUg'nfO{ dxfgtf xf]Og sdhf]/Lg} ;DemG5 . ank|of]u u/]/} eP klg cfkm\gf]k~hf leq s}bL agfpg vf]H5 . Tof] ;xgg;s]/ ljb]z;Dd k'Ubf slt dlxnfx?n]ToxfF cdfgjLo / kz'jt Aojxf/ ;xg'k/sf]5 . To:t} r/d lx+;fsf sf/0f cfTdxTofu/]/ hLjg g} ;dfKt kf/]sf slt pbfx/0f5g\ slt . kl5Nnf] r/0fdf Gofo vf]Hb}cbfntsf] 9f]sf ;Dd k'Ug]x? klg a9]sf5g\ . cfkm\gf] dfq xf]Og l;+uf] dlxnf d'lQmsf]af6f]df xf]ldPsf dlxnf dfgj clwsf//Ifsx?sf] Oltxf; n]Vg / phf{ lbgpgLx?sf] ;+3if{ ufyf ;d]l6Psf] …;+sNkÚcfPsf] h:tf] nfUof] .

d]/f] xftdf lstfj ydfOlbFb} k9]/;ldIff n]lvlbg ;d/]vfsf k|sfzs÷;DkfbsnIdL cfrfo{n] eGbf em:s]sf] lyPFF . oltdf]6f] / /fd|f] 5 k':ts . s;}sf] ;xof]ukrfpg 5fk]sf] t xf]nfg\ o:tf] klg nfUof] .;+:yfn] lgsfn]sf slt lstfj To;} kmflnP .To;} ylGsPsf 5g\ clg o;sf] ;dLIffs;/L n]Vg] < dgdg} ;f]+r]sf] lyPF Tolta]nf .ljifo;"rL kN6fPF . #& hgf dlxnfsf] ;+lIfKthLjgL /x]5 . nfUof] rrf{df cfPsf, ;+:yfdfgfd sdfPsf, cfkm\gf] Oltxf; /fVg cft'/x?n] n]v]sf xf]nfg\ . t/ k9\b} hfFbf nfUof]gk9]/} wf/0ff agfpg' d]/f] sdhf]/L lyof] .n]Vg] cj;/ gkfPsf] eP k9\b}gy]F xf]nf .

/+uLg ;kmf kfgfdf ;lrq kl/ro;lxtsf] Ps k]h t kmf]6f] dfq} 5 . vf;}cz'4 5}g . s]xL nfdf e'ldsf eP klgcldNbf k6\of/nfUbf 5}gg\ . k9\b} uPF, hfFu/rNb} /x] . cl3b]lv kl9/x]sf c? lstfjkG5fP/ of] ! ;o %^ k]h nfdf] lstfadf3f]lTnPF . lstfjsf] d"No @ ;o ?k}ofF x]bf{klg sd nfU5 k9\bf / ;+u|xsf nflupkof]uL ePsf] kfpFbf k};f lt/] h:tf] klgnfUb}g .

k|ljlwsf] tLa| ljsf;, To;n]hGdfpg]] dfgjsf gofF rfxgf;+u} ck/fwklg km/s x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . Joyf / j]bgf

Pp6} 5}gg\ . h;/L lj1fgsf] b}lgs vf]h /;kmntf p:t} x'Fb}gg\ . t/ klg dlxnfn]ef]Ug] u/]sf clxn];Ddsf clwsf+z jfWotf /ljjztfx? p:t}p:t} nfU5g\ . ;+sNkdf;d]l6Psf dlxnf kfqx?sf ] lrgf/Ln]dlxnflj?4 lx+;fsf] a[xt?ksf] k|ltlglwTju/]sf] 5 . kfl/jfl/s ;b\efj jf 3/]n' lx+;fTo;df s;sf] e"ldsf slt eGg] gfkf] nfpg]oGq xf ] ; +sNk . k ':ts dlxnf jfk'?ifjfbLsf]0faf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] 5}g .k':tsnfO{ s'g} ;+:yfk|lt nlIft dfq} eGgklg ldNb}g . ;fdflhs cfGbf]ng eGg]lalQs}Pglhcf] cfO{Pglhcf]sf] ?kdf a'em\g] /gsf/fTds wf/0ff agfOxfNg]x?sf nflu;+sNkdf ;d]l6Psf dlxnf clwsf/sdL{x?sf;+3if{ufyfn] ;dfh ?kfGt/0fdf pgLx?sf]of]ubfg dfGg s/ nfU5 .

;a} dlxnf jf k'?if alnof] x[boePsf l;+u} ;+:sf/;+u PSn} n8\g] cfF6 af]s]sfx'Fb}gg\ . t/ s]xL k|ltlglw kfq x'g ;S5g\hf] k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t jG5g\ . ;fxl;s sfd ug]{dlxnfx? Oltxf;b]lv g} lnkLj4 x'g ;s]sf5}gg\ . ;+sNkn] 5'6]sf] of] kf6f]nfO{ p7fPsf]5 .

k':tsn] b]zsf] ;j} If]q ;d]6]sf]5 . ;+sNkn] dw]zsf dlxnfx?n] v]k]sf]3/]n' lx+;fsf] kL8f To;df klg d'l:ndleqsf dlxnfn] ef]Ug' k/]sf lx+;f Pj+cTofrf/sf] t:jL/ lvr]sf] 5 . dlxnfclwsf/sdL{sf hLjg ef]ufO{n] wg / kbsf]cx+sf/n] dfG5] slt;Dd qm"/ x'G5g eGg]pbfx/0f k:s]sf] 5 . jfnjflnsfnfO{ >ddfnfpg' x'Gg eg]/ jf]n]s} sf/0f l/Sdf ljsn]ufpFn]sf] s'6lk6af6 !* lbg;Dd c:ktfndfegf{ x'g'k¥of] . clwsf/sf nflu cfjfhp7fpg]x? ;dfhaf6} slt hf]lvddf 5g\eGg] s'/f l/Sdf h:tf s}of}+ clwsf/sdL{sf]ef]ufOn] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 . tflnd uf]i7Laf6kms{bf >Ldfg\n] k|ofu u/]sf …sf] ;+u ;'t]/cfO;\ < t]/f] of/ sf] 5 <Ú h:tf ceb|Jojxf/n] g/f]lsPsf, k|]dL k|]ldsf b'j}]sf] Pp6}

sdhf]/Lsf] dlxnfnfO{ dfq kGo' ttfO{ z/L/8fd]/ lbPsf] ;hfosf lj?4df 7sgLd]xtfn] p7fPsf] ;zSt cfjfh nufot;+sNkdf Gofo vf]Hb} k|x/L k|zf;gdf k'UbfToxfF kfOg] c;xof]u / yk b'Jo{jxf/ dlxnfdfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?n] ef]u]sf j[QfGtx?;d]l6Psf] 5 .

hLjg s]] xf] < hLjgL s;sf]n]lvg' k5{ eGg] gofF k|of]usf] ?kdf;+sNknfO{ lng ;lsG5 . /fhf dxf/fhfx'Fb} kb cf]u6]sfx?sf] ;sf/fTds s'/fdfq} Oltxf;df ;d]6\g] b'lgofFdf kL8fjf6d'lQm vf]Hg] dlxnfsf ;kmntfsf ;"qnfO{lnkLj4 u/]sf] 5 ;+sNkn] . dlxnfn] kfsf],wgL, kb, k|lti7f sdfPsf] cfkm"nfO{ ;+/If0fug]{ dflyNnf] bhf{sf] >Ldfg\ rfxG5g\ h;sf]sdfO{df cfkm\gf] :ju{ b]V5g\ eGg] ;f]+rfO{ePsf] ;dfhsf] Tof] lrGtg unt ;fljtu/]sf] 5 ;+sNkn] .

y'k|} ;kmn jGg] ;"qx? ;d]l6Psfoyfy{ hLjg syfx? 5g\ ;+sNkdf . ;dfhkl/jt{gsf] cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldPsf, ;dfhdfdlxnfsf] cfTd;Dddfg, :jfledfg dof{bf/ ;x cl:tTjsf] nflu cfjfh p7fpg]x?n]Psk6s k9\g}kg]{ k':tssf] ?kdf ;+sNkcfPsf] 5 . Pp6} ljifodf dlxnf / k'?ifk|ltkm/s km/s Jojxf/ ug]{ xfd|f k/Dk/f, ;+:sf/,d"NodfGotfx?n] s;/L dlxnfsf] j[xQ/ljsf;df cj/f]w l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 / To;sf]k|efjn] s;/L xfdL k5fl8 kl//x]sf 5f}+eGg] a'em\g Psk6s tL dlxnfx?sfhLjgufyf k9\bf 5n{+u x'G5 . of] 5f]6f]k':ts kl/rodf tL ;a ;d]6\g ;+ej ePg .; fd f lhs Go fosf ] c f Gb f ]ngd fx f ] l dPs fx?sf ] h Ljg ; +3 i f { n ]cleoGtfx?nfO{ k|]/0ff t lbG5 g} ;fy;fy}k':ts k|sfzg ug]{ cf]/]s g]kfnn] ;dfh?kfGt/0fdf dlxnfsf] of]ubfgnfO{ ;dfhsfcufl8 k:s]/ dlxnfsf] sfdnfO{ dfGotflbg], sfdsf] ?kdf u0fgf ug]{ ;+:s[ltsf]k|f/De u/]sf] 5 .

;dLIff


psfnL, cf]/fnL, eHofË clgdxfef/t / r'/] >+[vnf . lxdfnsf km]bL,kxf8sf r'r'/f / t/fO{sf vx/]df u/]sf oLcgluGtL /f]dflGrt ofqf / b'Mvb If0f ;a}cg'ejx? clxn] klg d]/f] dfg;k6ndf tfh}5g\ . x'g t ;do / kl/l:yltn] w]/} 5nfªdfl/;s]sf] 5 t/ dnfO{ eg] k"j{sf e"ldx?:d/0fdf cfO/xG5g\ . b'Zdg cft+ssf tLhUfhuLdf n'sfdf/L v]n]sf If0fx?df xf];\jf lsNnfx? eTsfpFbf, ToxfFsf ;fyLx? /hgtfsf] ckf/ dfof / ;fy kfPsf lyof}+ . yjfªb]lv k"j{ ;f]n';Ddsf ;fyLx?sf aLrdfjuL{o dfofsf] ;fldKotf ulx/f] lyof] . b'Mvdf;Fu}df]rf{df le8\bf;Fu} psfnL cf]/fnL clg ;'v/ b'vdf klg ;u}+ . To;}n] xf]nf of] :f+:d/0fsfkLsf] kfgfdf ptfbf{ pbok'/sf] tfkn]df 5'ls vf]6fËsf] xl/;]df 5' h:tf] nflu/x]sf]5 . t/ olta]nf xfDfL sf]xL zx/sf sf]nxfndf5f} t sf]xL ufpFd} t8\lkPsf 5f} . s;}n]cfnL;fg dxn vf]lh/x]sf 5g sf]xL cem}ef]sef]s} klg qmlGtsf] k|ltIff ul//x]s} 5g .sf]xL SofG6]d]G6df lbg uGb}5g\ . lxhf]sftL efjgfTds Pstf qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ /cfbz{ cfh efª afn]/ vf]Hg' kg]{ l:yltdfof] :f+:d/0f kl:sb}5' .

nfdf] ofqfsf] cjt/0fkl5 b'Zdgsf]SofDk tf]8\g] of]hgfdf xfd|f] klxnf] df]rf{l;Gw'nLsf] ledfgdf lyof] . xfdLnfO{ k/]cg';f/sf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] afF8kmfF8 sdf08/sd/]8x?n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . d]/f] lhDdfcf6{n/L u'|k PnPdhL df k¥of] . d]/f] l6d!! hgfsf] lyof] . nf:6 ;]N6/af6 xfdLcuf8L a9\of} . sdnf gbL cfkm\g} ultdfalu/x]sf] lyof] . cfkm\gf] cfs{lt/ hfg gbLsf]lt/}lt/ eP/ yf]/} r'/] r9]/ cGwsf/ /ftdfb'Zdgsf] SofDknfO{ rf/}lt/af6 3]/faGbL ub}la/fnf]sf] rfndf lglZrt KjfOG6df k'Uof+} .!! ah]sf] ;do lyof], 38Ln] klg !! ahfpg}nfUf]sf] lyof] . ;a} tof/L cj:yfdf /xg]eGg] va/ cfof] . xfdL kf]lh;gdf uof} .kmfOl/ª klg v'Nof] . HfDd} uf]nL / af?bsfaLraf6 cufl8 a9\b} uof+} . cfwf306f hlt;do lat]sf] lyof] xf]nf xfd|f] l6dsf] Pshgf;fyL ljzfnsf] zxfbt ePsf] vj/ cfof] .d}n] d]/f] l6daf6 ;fyLx? k7fP . zj lnP/k5fl8 kf; u¥of+} / 3]/f s:b} uof+} . b'Zdgx?sf]xL 3]/f tf]8]/ efUg yfn] eg] sf]xL SofDkdfs]lGb|t x'g yfn] . xfd|f] 3]/f dha't ePkl5cfTd;d{k0f u/], xfdLn] ljho k|fKt u¥of} .@)^) efb| @# df xfd|f]lt/ @ hgfsf] zxfbteof] . s]xL ;fyLx? 3fOt] x'g'eof] . Aofs

KjfOG6df kmls{of+} . To;kl5 csf]{ tof/Lsfnflu sdf08/x? cufl8 hfg'eof] cGo l6dklg la:tf/} cf]vn 9'Ëflt/ ;f]lemof] .

xfd|f] bf];|f] 6fu{]6 lyof] cf]vn9'Ëfsf]?Dhf6f/ ljdfg:yn . hxfF zfxL ;]gfsf];'/Iff SofDk /x]sf] lyof] . xfdLnfO{ Dofksf]lrË / cfs{sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOof] .sdf08/x?n] xfd|f] l:ylt / b'Zdgsf] l:yltsf]af/]df klg hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . xfdL d'eeof} . d]/f] lhDdf km:6 P;fN6df k¥of] .xfd|f] ;]N6/ cln 6f9f ePsfn] cln rfkd}k¥of}+ . cfs{df k'u]/ kf]lhzg ;]6 gx'Fb}b'Zdgaf6 kmfo/ v'nL xfNof] . xfdL klgdf]rf{ s;]/ kmfo/ 6'–kmfo/ cufl8 a9\of} .;dy/ e"uf]n, l8km]G; / se/ lng] 7fpFg}gePsfn] se/ eg]sf] kmfo/g} lyof] . sf]bfsfaf/Lx? lyP . 3;|]/ dfq xfdL cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ .To;df klg ef}uf]lns k|lts"ntf eg] c;fWo}lyof] . t/ klg d[To'nfO{ :jLsf{b} cufl8a9\b} uof} . ;fyLx? 3fO{t] x'g] qmd klga9\g yfNof] . b'Zdgn] hxfF af]n]sf] cfjfhcfpF5 ToxfF eLif0f cfqmd0f ug{ yfNof] .xfdL cufl8 a9\b} lyof} . PSsf;L adsf]8\ofDd=====cfjfh ;'lgof] . Psl5g ;Dd ;'g;fgeof] . % ldg]6kl5 w]/}hgf ;fyLx?n] P]of==d/] eg]sf] cfjfh cfof] . sfgx? aGbeP .d]]/f] klg afofF v'§fdf c;lhnf] dxz'; eof] .o;f] 5fDbf t /ut kf] alu/x]sf]] /x]5 .lrl;Ss d'6' 5f]of] cGo ;fyLx?n] dnfO{n}hfg';\ eGb} /f]O/fVg' ePsf] lyof] . @÷#hgf t ;fdfGo x''Fg' x'Fbf]/x]5 . Pshgf sd/]8sf]v'§f adn] sfd gnfUg] agfP5 . pxfF a]xf];\cj:yfdf lrRofpFb} x'g'x'GYof] . b'Zdgn] uf]nLjiff{pFb} lyof] . xfd|f] P;fN6 IftljIft g} eof] .xfdLn] l;l/o; 3fOt]nfO{ 3;f/]/ lj:tf/} k5fl8kf/ u/fof+} . d nufot ;fdfGo rf]6 nfu]sf;fyLx?n] k'gM l6d agfP/ cufl8 a9\of} .xfdLnfO{ sdf08 lkPn EjfO; sdf08/ lgdf{0fn]ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ptfaf6 eLif0f kmfo/ ePsf]lyof] . xfdL klg kmfol/ª ub}{ cufl8 a9\b}lyof}, PSsf;L P}of u/]sf] cfjfh ;'lgof] .b'ef{Uo xfd|f] sdf08/ lgdf{0fnfO{ g} 5ftLdfuf]nL nfu]5 . Psl5gd} pxfFsf] zxfbteOxfNof] . zj k5f8L kf; eof] . xfdL jbnfefjdf cufl8 a9\of}+ . km]l/ csf]{ ;fyLnfO{uf]nL nfUof] pxfFsf] klg zxfbt eof] . cGttMxfdL k5fl8 kms{g afWo eof}+ . b'Zdgsf] klgIflt eof] g} t/ klg k"0f{ ljho ug{ ;lsPg. xf]gxf/ of]4fx?sf] zxfbtn] efjljef]/ /abnf lng] ;+sNk ub}{ n8\bf n8\b} pHofnf]eof] . xfdL n8fO{af6 kmls{of}+ . kmls{P/ uDeL/

;dLIff kl5 s]xL ;do zlQm ;'9[9 / tof/Llt/nfUg] eGg] lg0f{o eof] .

s]xL cjlwsf nflu xfd|f] sfo{If]q/fd]5fk / cf]vn9'Ëf k¥of] . lnv'vf]nf jfl/kfl/ub}{ hgtfsf 3/b}nf]df /dfpb} k"j{, klZrdsfcg'ejx? ;f6f;f6 ub}{ lbgx? ljtfof} .ToxfF xfdLn] b}lgs gofF s'/f l;Sg] uYof}{ .sf]bfsf] l98f], :s';sf] t/sf/L, ds}sf] RofVnfvfb} ;]gfleqsf] ;fF:s[lts l6daf6 hge]nf,;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd ub}{ pbok'/ xF'b} nfxfgrf}sL cfqmd0f ug]{ of]hgf aGof] . ef}uf]lnslx;fjn] ;dy/ e"uf]n ckl/lrt 7fpF lyof] .gS;fsf] cfwf/df cfkm\gf] lhDdf k"/f ug'{kg]{r'gf}tL lyof] . t/ ljrf/ g} ;a}nfO{ g]t[Tjug]{ rLh /x]5 eGg] nfU5 . ToxfF klg k/]sf]lhDdf k'/f ul/of] . d]/f] lhDdf km:6 P;fN6d}lyof] . Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no Ps}l5gdf sAhful/of] . sf/jfxL k"0f{ ?kdf ;kmn eof] .s]xL ;fyLx? 3fOt] x'g'eof] . xltof/ /;/;fdfgx? ef/L dfqfdf sAhf eP . kmls{bfuf8Ldf ;fdfg nf]8 u/]/ cfof}+ . b'Zdgn]lk5f u¥of] g} . t/ ;'/lIft cfwf/If]qlt/ xfdLnfUof} . xfdL pbok'/u8L x'Fb} km]l/ hgtfsf3/b}nf]df uof} . ;dLIff ub}{ kmd]{zgx? k"j{ /klZrdsf] cg'ej ;f6\gsf nflu ljefhgul/of] . xfdL ;f]n'–;Nn]/L a6flnogdf k¥of}+ .hg>d / hg;]jfsf sfo{qmd agfP/ ufpFdfhfg] lg0f{o eof] . Tolta]nf xfd|f] sfo{If]qpbok'/ / vf]6fË k/]sf] lyof] . vf]6fËsfaful;nf, P];]n'vs{df 7'nf–7'nf hg;efx?ul/of] . htftt} k|rf/k|;f/ eP5 / xfdLxl/;]sf] ;]kf{ a:tLdf /dfpFb} ;f]Nh/ lroflkpb} a;]sf lyof}+ . PSsf;L zfxL ;]gfP];]n'vs{af6 cufl8 a9]sf] va/ cfof] . xfdLt'?Gt tof/ eP/ uof}+ / kf]lhzg ;]6 u¥of}+ .pgLx?n] kmfo/ vf]n] .

s/Lj % 3G6fsf] df]rf{aGbL n8fO{eof] . pgLx?sf]lt/ klg Iflt eof], xfdLlt/klg . xfd|f] l6daf6 Pshgf ;fyL /fh]Gb|sf]zxfbt x'gk'Uof] eg] /f]Nkfsf] sd/]8 ldngsf]6fpsf] d} uf]nL nfUof] . pxfF uDeL/ 3fOt] x'g'eof] . lbgel/sf] n8fO{kl5 pgLx? klg Aofsx'g afWo eP . xfdL klg Aofs eof}+ . vf;}xf/lhtsf] l:ylt /x]g . To;kl5 xfdLn];f]n'vDa'sf] s'dL{df uP/ /fhg}lts e]nf /k|lzIf0f lnof}+ clg sfo{If]qdf nfUof}+ . hgtfsf]3/b}nf] cleofgd} ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmddfhge]nf / >ddf nfluof] . kmf}hL of]hgfx?klg aGb} uPsf lyP t/ s]xL ;dokl5o'4lj/fd eof] clg tflnd ug]{ vj/ cfof] .pbok'/sf] tfKn]df Knf6'g ;xfos sdf08/b]lvdflysf] tflnd z'? eof] . ToxL tflndkl5k"j]{nL e"lddf /dfpg] OR5f x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ToxfFaf6ljbfO{ eP/ klZrdlt/ kmls{of}+ . lxhf];Fu}/dfPsf s}of}+ ;fyLx? cfh xfd|f] ;fd' x'g'x'Gg .tL ;fyLx?;Fusf /dfO{nf / tLtf dL7f lbgx?cfh qmflGtsf] af6f]df cufl8 a9\g] ljrf/ag]/ /lx/x]sf 5g\ .

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klqsf dfu]/ xf]Oglsg]/ k9\g] afgL a;fnf}+ .


g'df l/hfn÷?s'd

?s'd lhNnfsf] ljs6 uflj;/fª\;Lsf dlxnfx?n] cfkm\g} ufpFdf cNnf]af6g]kfnL sfuh lgdf{0f u/]/ cfkm\g] b}lgsLwfGg yfn]sf 5g\ . ljsf;n] 5'g g;s]sf]uflj;sf k5fl8 kfl/Psf] ;d'bfosf dlxnfx?xft]sfuh pTkfbg u/L cfTd lge{/ aGb}5g\ .

…3/ rnfpg lsg hfg 'k¥of ]sfnfkxf8 <Ú h+unjf6 cNnf] Nofpb} u/]sLx]ds'df/L j'9f csf{sf] b]zdf uP/ ?vf];'vf]sfd ug'{eGbf cfkm\g} 7fpFdf sfd ug'{kg]{jtfpFl5g\ . ?s'dsf] b'u{d uflj; /fª;LdfpBf]u v'n]kl5 ToxfFsf pTkLl8t ;d'bfodfxf};nf ylkPsf] xf] . …dnfO{ o:tf] b'u{d 7fpFdfpBf]u v'Nnf / sfd kfpFnf eGg] nfu]sf] klglyPg .Ú j'9f elG5g\, …3/ rnfpg ufx|f] lyof],To;df klg dlxnfn] nf]Ug] dfG5]sf] h:tf]sfd ug{ ;Sb}g eg]/ x]nf ug]{ uy]{ t/dlxnfx?n] rfx]kl5 s] ug{ ;Sb}gg eGg]pbfx/0f xfdLn] lbPsf 5f}+ .Ú

cNnf]af6 ;n, emf]nf, asL{ -k5\of}/f_j'g]/ cfkm'n] dfl;s * xhf/ b]lv !@ xhf/;Dd cfDbfgL ug]{ u/]sf] a'9f jtfpFl5g\ ./fª;Ldf cNnf]af6 sk8f a'gfO{ / nf]Qmfaf6g]kfnL xft] sfuh pBf]u :yfkgf u/]kl5

lbg ljtfpg ;lhnf] ePsf] /fª;L lgjf;Lljdnfs'df/L yfkfsf] cg'ej 5 . ufpFd} pBf]u:yfkgf ePkl5 /f]huf/Lsf] klg kfOPsf] eGb}yfkf elG5g, …cNnf]af6 sk8f a'g]/ dfl;s *xhf/ b]lv !@ xhf/ ;Dd cfDbfgL u5'{ .Ú…cNnf]jf6 n'uf / nf]Qmfaf6 g]kfnL sfuhjG5 eGg] klg yfxf lyPg t/ cfh xfdLcfkm} tL b'j} pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg]ePsf 5f}+ .Ú/fª\;LsL ltndfof j'9f klg cfkm'nfO{ 3/kl/jf/wfGg ;lhnf] ePsf] jtfpFl5g\ .

To:t} ljkGg ju{sL lbndfof k'g

pBf]u ;~rfng gx'Gh]n 3/fo;L sfddf ;LldtlyOg\ . pBf]u ;~rfng ePkl5 lbndfofh:tf w]/} dlxnfx?n] /f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ .:yfgLo ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] ;f]pBf]u ;~rfngdf NofPkl5 ToxfF dlxnfx?n]/f]huf/L kfPsf x'g\ . …;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf;d'xn] xfdLx?nfO{ /f]huf/ lbg] pBf]u :yfkgfu5{ h:tf] nfu]sf] lyPg .Ú lbndfof ljut;DemFb} elG5g\, …xfdLx? jgnfO{ xl/of] jgfpg]cyjf 3fF; kft tyf bfp/f Nofpg] eGbfcsf]{ ;f]+r]sf lyPgf}+ . t/ xfd|f] Tof] ;f]+rfOunt /x]5 .Ú

o; pBf]udf ljkGg dlxnf, blnttyf hghfltx?n] /f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ .cNnf] k|zf]wg / nf]Qf k|zf]wg Pj+ g]kfnLsfuh agfpg] pBf]uaf6 To; :yfgsf blnt!) hgf, hghflt !& hgf, dlxnf @( / //f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ . nf]Qmf ;+sngdf;]k]rf/kft] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf@) hgf ljkGg dlxnf, blnt tyfhghfltx?n] k|ToIf /f]huf/L kfO/x]sf 5g\eg] sfuh pBf]udf lgoldt ̂ hgf dlxnfx?n]/f]huf/ kfO/x]sf 5g\ .

cNnf]af6 ;n, emf]nf, asL{ -k5\of}/f_jgfP/ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf *hgf ljkGg blnt tyf hghflt dlxnfx?n]dfl;s * b]lv !@ xhf/ cfDbfgL ul//x]sf5g\ . To:t} l;4kftn ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf;ldlt /Gdf d}sf]6, sf]n ;fd'bflos jgpkef]Qmf ;ldlt, uf]nvf8f ;fd'bflos jgpkef]Qmf ;ldlt, ;]k]rf/kft] ;fd'bflos jgpkef]Qmf ;ldlt /fª;L / sKuf/ ;fd'bflosjg pkef]Qmf ;ldlt Kjfªn] cNnf] ljqmL u/Laflif{s ? @) xhf/ b]lv $) xhf/ cfDbfgLul//x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL xft] sfuh pBf]u:yfkgfdf nflu ;/sf/L u}/;/sf/L If]qsf]cfly{s ;xof]u tyf pkef]Qmfsf] sl/j !nfv %) xhf/ j/fj/sf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 .

cfTdlge{/ aGb}?s'd k"jL{ uflj;sf dlxnf

lkmr/

cNnf] wfuf]af6 sk8f a'Gb} dlxnf .

cNnf]sf] nf]Qmfaf6 sfuh agfpFb} ?s'd /fª;Lsf dlxnfx? .


em08} & jif{ cl3 sdn/L d'Qm x'Fbf ;Demgf rf}w/Ldf hltv';L lyof], pgsf] Tof] v'zL nfdf] ;do l6Sg ;s]g . clxn];Demgf k'gM sdn/L] lhjgdf kms]{sL l5g . gf/fo0fk'/sf] cd|fO3/ ePsL ;Demgf cfhef]ln k'gM ;fx'sf] 3/df h'7f ef8fF dfem\g]u/]sL l5g . ;fFem ljxfgsf] uf;af;sf] hf]xf] ug{ ;fx'sf] b}nfdfk'Ug] u/]sf] pgsf] egfO 5 . …;fx'sf] 3/df sfd gu/] vfg / k9g]vr{ ;d]t h'6fpg ;d:of 5Ú pRr df=lj gf/fo0fk'/df k9\g]rf}w/Ln] elgg\, …;/sf/n] 5fqj[lQsf] gfddf lbPsf] k};fn] k9gk'Ub}g .Ú

laxfg, ;fFem ;fx'sf] 3/df ef8fdfem\g] sfd ul5{g ;Demgf .sfd u/]/ cfPsf] k};fn] snd sfkLsf] hf]xf] ug]{ u/]sf] pgsf] egfO{5 . …bf;tfsf] hLjg ljtfpg s;nfO{ /x/ x'G5 /<Ú pgn] elgg\…c?n] P;Pn;Lsf] tof/Lsf nflu 6\o';g sf]lrª, xf]:6]n a:5g\,t/ d eg] sfkLsnd clg 3/sf] vr{ wfGg km]l/ ;fx'sf] 3/df k'u]sL]5' .Ú

To;}u/L l9sk'/sL d'Qm sdn/L clgtf rf}w/L klg k'gsdn/L a:g] jftfj/0f >[hgf ePsf] jtfpFl5g . …;/sf/n] lbPsf]k};f ljBfnon] ljleGg jxfgfdf cfkm};Fu /fVg] ub{5Ú pgn] elgg…xfd|f] xftdf t ;o÷8]9;o ?k}ofF dfq} cfOk'U5 .Ú clgtf l9sk'/dfljdf sIff !)df k9\b}l5g . …k'gM sdnx/L a:g] jf n]j/ sfd ug{hfg] bf]wf/df 5'Ú pgn] elgg\ …ljutdf klg sfd u/]sf] sf/0f;fx'sf] 3/df g} hfg] x'G5 xf]nf .Ú clgtf sdnx/L d'lQmsf] nfluuflj;:t/Lo ;femf d~rsL cWoIf ;d]t x'g . …xfd|} ufpFaf6 # hgfd'Qm sdnx/L km]l/ sdnx/L a:g uP,Ú pgn] elgg\, …pgLx?nfO{/f]Sg] d ;Fu s]xL cfwf/ lyPg . ufpFufpFdf d'Qm sdnx/Lsf] gf/flnP/ lx8\g] d cfkm} t km]l/ sdn/L a:g hfg] ;f]+rdf 5' eg]cGosf] cj:yf s:tf] xf]nf <Ú

…;/sf/n] lbg] u/]sf] 5fqj[lQn] k9\g] vr{;d]t k'Ub}gÚrf}w/Ln] elgg\, …Tof] klg ljBfnon] ljleGg afxgf agfP/ vfOlbG5Ú .sIff !) df k9\b} u/]sL rf}w/LnfO{ k};f cefjs} sf/0f 6';g t s]Pp6f sfkL snd lsGg] ;Dd k};f 5}g . …d ;Fu % ?k}ofF sndlsGg] ;Dd k};f 5}gÚpgn] elgg… ;/sf/n] lbg] eg]sf] 5fqj[lQ cem}lbPsf] 5}g .Ú

clxn] clgtf / ;Demgfh:tf clwsf+z d'Qm sdnx/Lsf]cj:yf p:t} 5 . pgLx?nfO{ hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu k'gM sdnx/La:g' k/]sf] 5 . kfl/jfl/s cj:yf gfh's ePs} sf/0f cfkm'x?;fx'sf] 3/df a:g] u/]sf] pgLx?sf] egfO 5 . l9sk'/df dfq}l9sk'/ % t]3/fsf l;tf rf}w/L, l9sk'/ & Psn3?jfsf zflGtrf}w/L / l9sk'/ /fgfufpFsf ;'ldqf rf}w/L k'gM sdnx/L a:g;fx'sf] 3/df uPsf 5g\ . o;/L d'Qm ePsf sdn/Lx? km]l/ ;fx'sf]3/df sdn/L aGg hfg] qmd a9\bf]] 5 .

sdnx/L d'lQmsf] nflu lhNnfdf w]/} cleofg rn]sf5g . lt cleofgdf s/f]8f} /sd vr{ ;d]t ePsf] 5 . d'Qmsdnx/Lsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;3 ;:yf / lhNnf afnsNof0f;ldltsf] kxndf @)^% df3df bfªnfO sdn/L d'Qm lhNnf 3f]if0ff;d]t ul/Psf] xf] . sdnx/L d'Qm lhNnf 3f]if0ff ubf{ lhNnfsf $xhf/ % ;o sdnx/Lsf] p2f/ ul/Psf] jtfOPsf] lyof] . % ;o @)hgf sdn/L d'Qm ug{ afFsL lyP . sdn/L d'lQmsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{cl3lhNnfdf % xhf/ a9L sdn/Lx? lyP . t/ d'Qm 3f]if0ff ePsf]nfdf];do ;Dd klg afFsL sdn/L d'Qm x'g ;s]gg . d'Qm ePsf;d]t k'g sdn/L a:g yfn]sf 5g . ;/sf/n] d'Qm sdn/Lsf]nflu Go'g k};f lbPsf] sf/0f d'Qm sdn/L klg k'gM sdn/L a:g];d:of >[hgf ePsf] ;xof]u ;dfhsf sfo{qmd ;of]hs u2'nfnrf}w/Ln] atfP . rf}w/Lsf cg';f/ ;/sf/n] lbg] 5fqj[lQ /sd klgljBfnon] ;xof]u z'Ns, k/LIff z'Ns, egf{ z'Ns, dfl;s z'NseGb} sf6\g] ub{5 . h;n] d'Qm sdnx/Lx? hLjg wfGg k'gMsdn/L a:g] u/]sf 5g .

;/sf/n] k|fylds txsf sdnx/L ljBfnfO{ Ps xhf/?k}of, lgdflj txnfO{ !% ;o, dflj txnfO{ !& ;o / pdfljb]vLdflysf ;a}nfO{ % xhf/ ?k}ofF 5fqj[lQ lbb} cfPsf] 5 . :s"n k9\g z'? u/]sf bfªsf d'Qm sdn/Lx? .


n}gf] e} F;LnfO{ jg gb]vfpg'n}gf] e} F;LnfO{ jg gb]vfpg'n}gf] e} F;LnfO{ jg gb]vfpg'n}gf] e} F;LnfO{ jg gb]vfpg'n}gf] e} F;LnfO{ jg gb]vfpg'cfOdfO{nfO{ wg gb]vfpg'cfOdfO{nfO{ wg gb]vfpg'cfOdfO{nfO{ wg gb]vfpg'cfOdfO{nfO{ wg gb]vfpg'cfOdfO{nfO{ wg gb]vfpg' ;dfhdf hfGg] a'em\g] sxlnPsfPshgf AolQmsf] km];a's :6f6; xf] of] .To; :6f6;df @)÷@% hgfn] ldl>t k|ltlqmofhgfPsf lyP . To; dWo] Pshgf ;Hhgn]3/sL cfdf s] x'g\ lg efO{ < eg]/ n]v]sflyP . d]/f] nflu lrQ a'em\bf] sd]G6 lyof]Tof] . Pshgfn] cfkm\gL ;xsdL{ dlxnfcufl8 cgnfOgdf Pp6L df]8nsf] cw{gUgkmf]6f] x]b{} …Sof x6 b]lvG5g\ of/ tkfO{ klgdf]8lnªdf hfg'; gÚ eg] . s] pgL cfkm\gLalxgLnfO{ o:t} eGg ;S5g\ < kSs} eGb}gg\ .eGg} ;Sb}gg\ . clg t lsg cfkm\gf] h:t}csf{sL alxgLnfO{ To:tf] eGg] cfF6 ug'{ < x'gt o;nfO{ pgn] dhfs eg]/ klG5g klgvf]Hnfg\ . t/ s] olt e2f / of] t/Lsfsf]x'G5 dhfs klg < ;fFemlt/ rf]sdf Ps x'n s]6fx?lyP . Pp6f eGb} lyof] …Sof Ogf];]G6 b]lvg]of/ Tof] s]6L dfof nfUbL .Ú csf{]n] yKof]…s]6Lx? ;a} To:t} b]lvG5g\ t/ x'GggÚ ;a}xfF;] . s] ;a} s]6Lx? To:t} x'G5g\ t <

To;f] eP Tof] Pp6f k'?ifnfO{ hGdlbg] cfdf, efO{6Lsfsf] lbg pgnfO k'h]/nfdf] cfo'sf] sfdgf ug]{ sf] x'g\ t < pgLx?s}efiffdf s]6L x}gg\ t < clg km]l/ lsgdlxnfnfO{ To;/L t'R5 z}nLdf x]Kg', lu/fpgvf]Hg' < csf]{ cy{df cfkm\g} cfdfalxgLnfO{To:tf] eGg ;Sg] 5f]/f] cfkm} slt ultnf] <oL t dlxnfnfO{ lgrf b]vfpg ul/g] k|of;sf;fgf pbfx/0f dfq x'g\ . dlxnfnfO{ xf]Rofpg]vfnsf :6f6;, k|ltlqmof / ;~rf/dfWoddfk|sfzg / k|;f/0f x'g] ;fdfu|Lx?df k|z:t}b]Vg ;lsG5 .

o:tf] ;f]+r /fVg] k'?if dfq 5}gg\ .dlxnf klg 5g\ . / o;sf] pkh xfd|f] k'?ifk|wfg;dfh g} xf] . s]lx ;do cufl8 …kTgL lk8Ltkltx?Ú lzif{sdf n]v k|sflzt ePkl5 w]/}vfnsf k|ltlqmof b]Vg kfO{of] . sltn]] cfnf]rgfu/] eg] sltn] /fd|} eg] . n]vsn] clwscfnf]rgf v]Kg'k/]sf]n] xf]nf nuQ} …kLl8tkTgLx?Ú n]v] . t/ pgsf] kLl8t kTgLx?eGbf klg kTgL lk8Lt kltx?sf] g} a9Lk|ltlqmof b]lvof] . o;sf] k|ltlqmofdf Pshgfdlxnfn] n]v]sL lyOg— s] xfd|f] h:tf] ;dfhdfs'g} nf]Ug] dfG5]n] dfq cfkm\g} 5f]/f5f]/Lsf]nfuL cfkm\gL >LdtLsf] To:tf] Aojxf/ ;x]/a:g ;S5g\ < kTgL lk8Lt s]xL xf]nfg\ t/klt lk8Lt ax';+Vos 5g\ . ;fgf] c+zdfePsf] sdhf]/LnfO{ cfd dlxnfsf] sdhf]/Lsf]?kdf k|:t't ug'{n] n]vsleqsf] lkt[;QfTdslrGtg ;fj{hlgs ug'{afx]s c? s'g} cy{/fVb}g .

sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf k|sflzt pNn]vul/Psf n]v dfq xf]Og To; nuQ} bfªsf]u0ftGq b}lgsdf k|sflzt ljx], ljb]z /df]jfOn n]vdf klg ;a} bf]if dlxnfnfO{ g}lbOPsf] 5 . ljb]z uPsf >Ldfgsf] >d

zf]if0f u/L cGo k'?if;Fu dlxnfsf] ;+nUgtfa9]sf] lgs} rrf{ x'g]u5{ cfhef]ln . t/ tLx/]s s'/fdf k'?ifsf] ;+nUgtfaf/] s;}sf] k|Zgt]l;{b}Fg . ljb]z uPsf >Ldfgsf >LdtLx?sfkl5 nfu]/ k};fn y'Tg] sf] xf] lg < To} k'?ifx}g < clg km]l/ lsg k'?ifnfO{ pGd'lQm lbPsf]t < k'?if ePs} sf/0fn] < Pp6} s'/fdfdlxnf / k'?ifsf nflu oltw]/} km/s km/sJojxf/ lsg ul/G5 < dfgjLo bf]if / u'0f ;a}dfgjdf x'G5 xf]nf gls dlxnf of k'?ifePs} sf/0f . dlxnf k'?if b'j}sf uNtLsdhf]/LnfO{ ;dfg 9+un] k|Zg p7fpg] lxDdts;}sf] b]lvFb}g .

/fd|f] eGbf g/fd|f] rfF8} b]Vg] xfd|f];dfhdf ljb]z uPsf >Ldfgsf >LdtLx?n]cln /fd|f] nufPsf], dL7f] vfPsf], df]afOn;dft]sf] l56f] b]Vg] t/ >Ldfgsf] cg'kl:yltdfa'9f ;f;';;'/fsf] :ofxf/, 5f]/f5f]/L, 3/Jojxf/;Dxfn]/ a;]sf] gb]Vg] < sf]xL To:tf xf]nfg\t/ of] ckjfb dfq} xf] . s'g} Psb'O{n] u/]sf]

To:tf] Jojxf/ cfd dlxnfnfO{ g} cfIf]k nfUg]u/LcfjZostf eGbf a9L cfnf]rgf / cljZjf;v8f ug'{ plrt x}g . cem ;dfhsf] a'em\g]dflgg] n]vs ju{n] g} o:tf] n]Vg nfUg] xf]eg] xfdL stf k'U5f} < o;sf] dtna ;dfhdfePsf o:tf ljs[ltd'ns s'/fx? aflx/gNofpg] eGg] xf]Og, Nofpg'k5{ t/ ljj]sk"0f{9ª\un] .

a]/f]huf/L ;d:ofn] 5f]/f5f/L, a'9fcfdf afaf >LdtL 5f]8]/ lab]z uP/ sdfpg'kg]{afWotf 5 . >LdtLnfO{ cljZjf; u/]/ ljb]zguP/ a]/f]huf/Ldf lklN;/xg] xf] eg] t 3/jf/,5f]/f5f]/Lsf] e/0fkf]if0f s;/L x'G5 < clgb]zsf] cy{tGq w]/} efu cf]u6]sf] /]ld6\ofG;sxfFaf6 lelqPnf < oBlk hLljsf rnfpgljb]z g} hfg'k5{ eGg vfh]sf] x}g . dlxnfn]k'?ifnfO{ / k'?ifn] dlxnfnfO{ olt w]/} cljZjf;u¥of} / x]Kg yfNof} eg] xfd|f] u[x:yL hLjgs;/L ;'vL /xnf < efO{alxgL jLrsf] ;DaGws;/L ;'dw'/ /xnf <

n]v

;d/]vf 8]:s÷bfªg]kfndf klxnf]k6s dlxnf dfgj

clwsf/ /Ifsx?dfly ePsf lx+;f ;DaGwLdlxnf Ohnf;sf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . ut k'ifdlxgfdf sf7df08f}df ;DkGg ;f] Ohnf;n]dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?dflysf] lx+;f;+af]wg ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg l;kmfl/z u/]sf]lyof] .

Ohnf;n] ;DklQ, clwsf/,/fHo;Qfdf kx'Fr nufotsf ljifodf dlxnfnfO{;dfg cj;/ k|bfg x'g'kg]{ dfGotf /fVb}dlxnf lx+;f lj?4 cfjfh p7fpFbf, lqmofzLn/xFbf / kLl8tsf] /Iff ubf{ dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx?dfly lx+;f al9/x]sf] s'/fcfTd;ft ub}{ ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg l;kmfl/;u/]sf] lyof] .

Ohnf;n] u/]sf] l;kmfl/;df dlxnfdfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?sf nflu /fHon]kl/rokqsf] cljnDa Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, dlxnfdfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] d"n bfloTj;/sf/sf] / ;/sf/ dftxt :yfgLo k|zf;g/ k|x/L h:tf sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug{] ;+oGqsf]xf] eGg] dfGotf dlGq kl/ifb\af6} t'?Gt kfl/tu/L nfu' ug' {kg] {,dlxnf dfgj clwsf//Ifsx?sf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf ePsf]P]g / lgodfjnL clanDa agfpg'kg]{ /x]sf]5 .

To:t} ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 dlxnflx+;f tyf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?sf] ;'/Iff;DaGwdf lbPsf] cfb]zsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogx'g'kg]{, dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] ph'/Lsf] @$

306fleq ;'g 'jfO { / sfof { Gjog ug] {Goflos÷k|zf;lgs ;+oGqsf] cljnDa Joj:yfug'{kg]{, dlxnf lx+;f lj?4sf sfg'g, lgodfjnLgLlt tyf ;+oGqx?df ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{gu/L, gk'u ljifoIf]qx?sf] ;DaGwdf yksfg'gx?sf] ;d]t lgdf{0f u/L s8f b08;lxtoL sfg'g nfu" u/fpg], dlxnf dfgj clwsf//Ifsx?sf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwdf cfjZos sfjf{xLug{ /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]unfO{ a9L clwsf/Pj+ >f]t ;fwg ;DkGg agfO{g'kg]{ l;kmfl/;u/]sf] lyof] .

o;}u/L Ohnf;n] ;fIfLsf] ;'/Iffug{] gLlt agfOg'kg]{, dlxgfsf] Psk6s lhNnf:t/df dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx? / :yfgLok|zf;gsf] bf]xf]/f] ;+jfb ug{] sfo{qmdsf]cfof]hgf ug'{kg]{, x/]s kf6L{n] dlxnf lx+;fug{] JolQmnfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;+/If0f ul/g]5}geGg] k|lta4tf ;lxtsf] cfrf/;+lxtf nfu'ug{'kg{] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] .

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?sf]/fli6«o ;~hfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] ;f]Ohnf;sf] h'/Lx?df k"j{ ;efd'v tyf jl/i7dfgjclwsf/sdL{ bdggfy 9'+ufgf, /fli6«odfgj clwsf/ cfo'Qm 8f= lnnf kf7s, lj1tyf dlxnf clwsf/sdL{ 8f= dLgf cfrfo{,;fdflhs cfGbf]ngsf cleoGtf gful/s;dfhsf cu'jf Zofd >]i7, dlxnf clwsf/dL{zf/bf kf]v|]n, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf ;b:odf]xgf cG;f/L / dlxnf dfgj clwsf//Ifsx?sf] /fli6«o ;~hfnsf cWoIf 8f= /]0f'/fhe08f/L /x]sf lyP .

dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx?dflyePsf lx+;f ;DaGwL Ohnf;


/]0f'sf] ufogofqf s';'d n]sfnL

bfª . ;'ud ;ª\uLtsf] ;+;f/df kl5Nnf] ;dodf dWoklZrdsfk|ltefx?sf] bl/nf] pkl:ylt b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . /fKtL If]qsf] o'jfk':tfuLtsf] /rgf, ;ª\uLt / ufog tLgj6} ljwfdf plQs} cfzfsf] ls/0f5b}{ cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . of] nx/df bfªsL ufos /]0f' lji6n] …klxnf]kfOnfÚ gfds Psn uLlt PNadkl5 bf];|f] kfOnfsf] ?kdf …cGtWj{lgÚ

lnP/ cfpg] tv{/df 5g\ .uLlt PNaddf ;+u|lxt ^ j6} uLtdf uflosf /]0f' lji6 s];Lsf]

Psn :j/ /x]sf] 5 . o;df ;d]l6Psf uLtdf /rgf / ;ª\uLt eg]km/s km/s k|ltefsf /flvPsf 5g\ . …km]l/ Ps x'g ldN5 / lk|o,

p;}u/L ?g ldN5 / lk|oÚ af]nsf] klxnf] uLtsf] zJb bfªs} o'jf k|ltefnf]s/fh clwsf/Lsf] /x]sf] 5 eg] ;ª\uLt rlr{t ;ª\uLtsf/ dx]zv8\sfsf] 5 . To:t} …ltdL hxfF eP klg ltdL;Fu} x'G5' d t, rfx]

b'lgofFn] 5f8f];\ ltdLnfO{ g} lrG5' d tÚ af]nsf] csf]{ uLtdf zJb 8LaLvgfn / ;ª\uLt z+s/ yfkfsf] /x]sf] 5 .

…s;nfO{ ;f]w"F dgsf] s'/f P]gf af]Nb}g, lsg cr]n cfuf] 5'FbfdnfO{ kf]Nb}gÚ af]nsf] uLtdf zJb d's'Gb/fh zdf{ / ;ª\uLt bfªs}nf]slk|o ;ª\uLtsf/ ;Gtf]if >]i7sf] /x]sf] 5 . p;}u/L …dfof dfof

dfof of] dfof nfpg ghfGbf d'6'leq laemfpg] ;"n eof],sfF9fnfO{ km"nsf] bhf{ lbg' lhGbuLdf 7"nf] e"n eof]Ú af]nsf]uLtdf ljkLg ls/0fsf] zJb / ;ª\uLt >Ls[i0f ad dNnsf]/x]sf] 5 . …cfkm} dfof nufP/ cfkm} dfof df/L uof}, cfwL

3f6df dnfO{ 5f]8L cs}{nfO{ tfl/uof}Ú af]nsf] uLtdf zJb k|jnlji6 / ;ª\uLt uf]ljGbdw'/ cfrfo{sf] /x]sf] 5 .

To:t} uLltPNaddf …d}n] h'NkmL kmsf{pg sfOFof] lslglbPF, p;n]r'N7L nsf{pg l/ag lslglbof]Ú af]nsf] csf]{ uLt klg ;d]l6Psf]

5 . o;df zJb bfªs} uLtsf/ ;'lgn s];Lsf] /x]sf] 5 eg] bLkszdf{sf] ;ª\uLt /x]sf] 5 . ljGWojfl;gL Do"lhs sDkgLsf] Aofg/df

cfpg yfn]sf] uLltPNad …cGtWj{lgÚn] ;|f]tfsf] dg lhTg] cfzfuflosf /]0f' lji6n] lnPsL 5g\ . …;a} uLt s0f{lk|o 5g\ .

/]sl8{ªsf sfd ;a} ;lsof] . l56\6} ahf/df cfpF5Ú uflosf lji6s];Ln] elgg\ .

;fg}b]lv uLt ufpg] ?lr ePsL /]0f'n] sf7df8f}+ k'u]kl5uLt÷;ª\uLtsf] Snf; lng yflng\ . cfkm\gf] klxnf] uLlt PNad

…klxnf] kfOnfÚcl3 klg pgn] uLt /]s8{ u/fO;s]sL lyOg\ .klxnf] PNaddf ;|f]tf÷bz{s / kl/jf/sf ;b:o ;a}af6 /fd|f]k|ltlqmof / dfof kfPsL /]0f' bf];|f] PNadaf6 klg cfzfjfbL

l5g\ . kfO/];Ln] ubf{ snfsf/x?nfO{ afFRg} ufx|f] ePsf] atfpg]/]0f' uLt÷;ª\uLtdf klg /fHon] nufgL nufpg'kg]{df hf]8

lblG5g\ .

uLt÷;+uLt

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