zakir s pollution

7/27/2019 Zakir s Pollution

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AIR POLLUTION

Presented by

MOHD.ZAKIR ALI

VISAKHAPATNAM


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ENVIRONMENT sum of all social, economical ,biological,

physical or chemical factors which constitutethe surroundings of man who is both creator

and moulder is called environment. Environment consists of

Abiotic

Biotic and

Energy components


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SEGMENTS OF ENVIRONMENT

Atmospherethe protective thick gaseous layers surrounding the earth

HydrosphereIt deals with water which includes sea, rivers, oceans,

lakes etc.

LithosphereThe solid components of the earth which includes soil,

rocks, and other nonliving things.

BiosphereIt deals with living things present in atmosphere and

hydrosphere.


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Types of Pollution

1. Air Pollution

2. Water pollution

3. Soil pollution4. Sound pollution


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COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERE

The natural air consists of

N2 = 78.84%

O2 = 20.94%

CO2 = 0.03%

Ar.& others= 1%


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Air pollution

Direct or indirect introduction of anymaterial in to the atmosphere in anamount that effects the quantity and

composition of the outside atmosphereresulting in detrimental effect on humanbeings and non-living things is called airpollution


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Air pollution is most important from

public point of view, because every

individual person breathes

approximately 22000 times a day

inhaling about 15 to 22 kgs of air daily.

The polluted air causes ill effects.


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CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION

NATURAL CAUSES

Volcanic eruptions

Burning of forests Storms

Virus & bacteria

Earthquakes

MAN-MADE CAUSES

Increase in humanpopulation

Rapid industrialization

Deforestation

Transportation services

Agricultural activities Radioactive substances


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INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION


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INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION


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VOLCANIC ERUPTION


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LAVA


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POLLUTANT

The excess concentration anyunwanted gaseous substance presentin atmosphere that causes harmful

effect to the living and nonlivingthings is called pollutant.


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Classificationof pollutants

1. primary pollutants

The substances which are produced at the source itself and enters into the atmosphere directly.

co2, co, NO

x, so

x

2. Secondary pollutants.

The primary pollutants undergo chemical reaction inpresence of sun light and produce a new toxicsubstances are called secondary pollutants

PAN,PBN and any photochemical smog.


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Types of pollutants

Gaseous pollutants

CO, CO2, NOx, SOx, CFCs, HF,

Hydrocarbons and all other vapours. Particulates

dust, smoke,

Aerosolsmist, fog ,fumes & gases and smog


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Effects of air pollution

Carbon monoxide:It combines with haemoglobin and forms

carboxyhaemoglobin which leads to death.

It causesheadache, nausea, hard breathing, cardiovascular

disorders and lung cancer.


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SULPHUR OXIDES It causes respiratory problems like bronchitis

It causes chlorosis, necrosis, plasmolysis, and

retards growth of plants.

It causes acid rains

It causes corrosion of metals


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Carbon dioxide:

It leads to rise in global warming.

due to which the icebergs melt

,water levels increases in oceans

and submerge cities Islands may

disappear


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Nitrogen oxides

These oxides form PAN and PBN by

undergoing chemical reaction in thepresence of sun light.

They lead to acid rains which damage crops

and structures and causes skin cancer, eye

irritation and asthma.


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Effects of air pollution on plants

Acid rain destroys crops and forests.

SO2: it causes bleaching of leaves.

NO2 : it causes bleaching of leaves and

reduced fruit production.

HF: it damages the crops.


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Effects of air pollution on property

SO2: it causes corrosion and damages

marble structures, eg., Tajmahal.NO2 & H2S: cause corrosion of buildings

and darkening of painted surfaces.


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General effects air pollution

Green house effect

Ozone depletion

Acid rain


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DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER

The ozone layer is present in stratosphere which is extended

from 11 to 15 km from the surface of earth

It protects the living things from UV radiation OZONE LAYER is depleted by various pollutants NOX, CFCs

present in the atmosphere.

Due to depletion of ozone layer the UV radiation passes on to

the surface of the earth and it effects

1.Gobal temperature2.Rate of photosynthesis

3.Causes skin diseases


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Ozone is mainly broken down by chemicals called

Chlorofluorocarbons and also by nitrogen oxides. CFC's

ironically were first used in large quantities because they were

thought to be safe and inert (unreactive) chemicals. They are agroup of chemically similar gases used in refrigeration systems,

air conditioners, aerosols, solvents and in the production of

some types of packaging. Nitrogen oxides are a by-product of

fuel burning, e.g. aircraft exhausts.

CFC's don't occur naturally, they are man-made chemicals.They are very useful when they are where they are supposed

to be, and doing what they are supposed to be doing. But once

released into the atmosphere they are a serious pollutants.

The actual reactions that destroy ozone are very complicated.

They take place on the surface of the ice particles of the PolarStratospheric Clouds and it takes only a small amount of

CFC to destroy an awful lot of ozone.


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troposphere

stratosphere

mesosphere

ionosphere

Depletion of ozone

layer

EARTH


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Control of air pollution

Air pollution can be controlled by Periodical checking of industrial machinery

Periodical checking of automobile engines.

Industrial zoning i.e., separation ofindustries from cities & towns by forests.

Reduction of smoke at source itself, such

as installing electrostatic precipitators,etc.,

By growing more trees


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zakir s pollution

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