you’ve come a long way, dolly! · 2020-08-11 · • classroom set of mock newspaper articles...
TRANSCRIPT
Teacher Guide
© 2020 University of Utah Updated July 27, 2020 1
You’ve Come A Long Way, Dolly!AbstractDuring this activity, students construct a timeline depicting the history of cloning. They present, and then place in order, key events in cloning using the birth of Dolly the sheep as a reference point. Since students are not given the date of each event, they need to consider the relative progression of cloning techniques and the increasing complexity of cloned organisms. Once the timeline is complete and the dates are confirmed, students are asked to consider and discuss the scientific and social/political significance of the events.
Learning Objectives• Students will understand that cloning is not a new science
• Students will understand that scientific advances are a process with one “discovery” enabling the next
• Students will think critically about the social or political impact of scientific progress
• Students will learn about the advance of cloning technologies and the current state of cloning science
Estimated time• Class Time 70 minutes (may be extended by class discussion or assessment)
• Prep time 30 minutes
Materials• Classroom set of Mock Newspaper Articles (cut each page in half along dotted line)
• Student handouts
• Tape
• Stickers in two colors for each student
BackgroundCurrent media attention seems to indicate that cloning is a recent scientific phenomenon. However, less-publicized studies in cloning have been carried out since 1885.
The steps leading to current cloning methods began with cloning very simple organisms by artificial embryo twinning (splitting a very early embryo in half in a Petri dish). Some of the first cloned organ-isms came from embryos that were split in two using a fine piece of hair as a noose. Further experi-ments using this technique established the fact that the nucleus directs cell growth and division.
The next step was cloning by nuclear transfer. This is the process of taking the nucleus from a donor cell and placing it in an unfertilized, enucleated egg cell. Experiments using this technique began with simple organisms and progressed to more complex mammals. Dolly the sheep was the first organism to be cloned using the nucleus from an adult somatic cell as opposed to an embryonic cell, thus indicating yet another advance in cloning technology.
© 2020 University of Utah You’ve Come A Long Way, Dolly! — Teacher Guide 2
Cloning technology has also been used to create transgenic organisms by placing selected genes in the nuclei of cultured adult somatic cells and then using those nuclei to create transgenic cloned embryos. When grown to maturity, these organisms can be used to produce harvestable proteins for human use. Scientists are working on using cloning techniques to harvest human stem cells for medical treatment as well.
It is important that students understand the difference between the embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning techniques. Since the embryo used for embryo twinning was produced by sexual reproduction, none of the resulting clones will be genetically identical to either parent. This is also true for cloning via nuclear transfer using nuclei from embryonic donor cells. However, since the nucleus used for somatic cell nuclear transfer is taken from one of a donor’s somatic cells, the clone is genetically identical to this “parent.” This ability to use an adult cell eliminates the need for an embryo, enabling clones to be produced by asexual rather than sexual reproduction.
Activity Part One:1. Begin class by discussing the significance of the birth of Dolly the sheep and the fact that Dolly’s
birth is just one event in the long history of cloning.
2. Tell the students that:
• They will be using The Cloning Times newspaper articles to construct a timeline depicting the history of cloning. Each article describes a significant event in the timeline. The name of the scientist who carried out the research or a person important to that event is listed after the headlines. A sentence summarizing the event is printed in bold type at the beginning of each article.
• As there are no dates on the articles, it is up to them to determine where to place their event along the timeline (a designated space along the wall of the classroom). Initially, they will use the birth of Dolly as a reference point.
• To construct the timeline, they will present their article headline and summary sentence to the class, and then tape the article on the wall in the order they think it belongs relative to events already posted. They will probably make many adjustments along the way.
3. Hand out articles and student handouts. Ask the students to read the Activity Instructions and begin.
4. Next, ask the student/group whose headline reads: Hello Dolly! to read their headline and sum-mary sentence (in boldface type) aloud to the class. Have that student tape their article in the middle of the space you have designated for timeline construction. This student must go first as their event is the reference point.
5. Call on students at random (or ask for volunteers) to read the headline and summary sentence (in boldface type) of their newspaper article aloud. After each presentation, have the student place the article along the timeline in the area they think it belongs, and ask them to explain why they are placing their event in that particular place. Students who are unsure of where to place their article may ask for input from the rest of the class.
6. When student presenters read the following three events, stop, and ask the class to write that summary sentence in the proper space on the Cloning Times Record. You will need to tell them the year of the event.
© 2020 University of Utah You’ve Come A Long Way, Dolly! — Teacher Guide 3
• Frogs cloned by nuclear transfer from a tadpole embryo (1952)
• Female mouse cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer (1998)
• Human cloning might also be used to create stem cells for new medical treatments (2001)
• This will help keep the students focused during the activity and provide additional refer-ence points along the way. Use these events to rearrange the posted newspaper events as necessary.
7. When students have placed their newspaper articles in the proper order, the large, light letters in the background will spell out “You’ve Come A Long Way Dolly”. Once all of the events are cor-rectly placed, give students time to copy the headlines and summary sentences down in order on their Cloning Times Record, thus revealing the actual date of each event.
Activity Part Two:Designate one sticker color to represent scientific significance and the other sticker color to repre-sent political/social significance. Give the students one sticker of each color.
8. Ask students to first place the designated sticker on the timeline event they think is of the most scientific importance. Discuss these choices as a class.
9. Next, ask students to place the other sticker on the event they think has the most social or politi-cal importance. Discuss these choices as a class.
Activity Part Three:10. Use the Questions (Part III) on the Cloning Timeline Activity Discussion and Questions student
handout (S-3) in one of the following ways:
• Discuss the questions as a class.
• Ask students to choose a question and write a one-page response using information from the constructed timeline to support their answer.
• Have students chose one question to answer by drawing a mural, comic strip, or flip-book using information from the constructed timeline.
• Assign each question to a small group to discuss and present their answer to the rest of the class.
Adaptations• This activity can be done as a whole class or within smaller groups.
• Ask students to discuss their articles in small groups and decide on an order before beginning their presentations.
• Have students use a highlighter to highlight key elements (in addition to the headline) in their newspaper article before presenting.
• Ask students in more advanced classes to present an article summary, in addition to the title and summary sentence, to the class
Funding for this module was provided by a Science Education Partnership Award (No. 1 R25 RR16291-01) from the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health.
OY
Tech
niqu
e
Seei
ng D
oubl
e? S
ea U
rchi
ns C
lone
d!H
ans
Ado
lf E
dwar
d D
reis
ch
Sea
urch
ins
clon
ed
by
shak
ing
one
embr
yo in
to
two
sepa
rate
cel
ls.
Can
the
earli
est e
mbr
yos b
e sp
lit
into
indi
vidu
al c
ells,
whi
ch g
o on
to
bec
ome
sepa
rate
org
anism
s?
Doe
s ea
ch
embr
yoni
c ce
ll co
ntai
n a
com
plet
e se
t of
ge
netic
mat
eria
l tha
t ca
n di
rect
th
e fo
rmat
ion
of a
n or
gani
sm?
The
sea
urch
in i
s a
rela
tivel
y sim
ple
orga
nism
that
is u
sefu
l for
st
udyi
ng d
evel
opm
ent.
Dre
isch
show
ed t
hat
by m
erel
y sh
akin
g tw
o-ce
lled
sea
urch
in e
mbr
yos,
it w
as p
ossib
le t
o se
para
te t
he
cells
. Onc
e se
para
ted,
eac
h ce
ll gr
ew in
to a
com
plet
e se
a ur
chin
.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? Ea
ch
cell
in
the
embr
yo
has
its
own
com
plet
e se
t of
gen
etic
in
stru
ctio
ns a
nd c
an g
row
int
o a
full
orga
nism
. Thi
s w
as th
e fir
st
ever
dem
onst
ratio
n of
clo
ning
by
em
bryo
twin
ning
.
Slim
y Sa
lam
ande
rs C
lone
d: W
hat’s
Nex
t?H
ans
Spem
ann
Sala
man
der
clon
ed
by
usin
g a
noos
e to
sepa
rate
th
e ce
lls
in
an
early
em
bryo
.A
sea
urch
in h
as s
ucce
ssfu
lly
been
cl
oned
us
ing
embr
yo
twin
ning
. Now
, can
this
be d
one
in a
mor
e co
mpl
ex o
rgan
ism
– sa
y, so
met
hing
with
a r
eal
back
bone
, lik
e a
sala
man
der?
W
ill t
he t
win
ning
app
roac
h st
ill
wor
k?
Spem
ann’
s fir
st c
halle
nge
was
to
figu
re o
ut h
ow to
split
the
two
cells
of a
n em
bryo
muc
h st
icki
er
than
sea
urc
hin
cells
. Cou
ld h
e tie
off
the
two
cells
with
a le
ngth
of
thre
ad, d
enta
l flos
s, or
eve
n a
stra
nd o
f hai
r?
Yes!
Spe
man
n fa
shio
ned
a tin
y no
ose
from
a st
rand
of b
aby
hair
and
tight
ened
it
betw
een
two
cells
of
a sa
lam
ande
r em
bryo
un
til t
hey
sepa
rate
d. E
ach
cell
grew
into
an
adul
t sa
lam
ande
r. Sp
eman
n al
so t
ried
to d
ivid
e m
ore
adva
nced
sa
lam
ande
r em
bryo
s us
ing
this
met
hod,
but
he
fou
nd t
hat
cells
fro
m t
hese
em
bryo
s w
eren
’t as
suc
cess
ful
at
deve
lopi
ng
into
ad
ult
sala
man
ders
.W
hat
did
this
tell
us?
Embr
yos
from
mor
e co
mpl
ex o
rgan
isms
can
also
be
“tw
inne
d” t
o fo
rm
mul
tiple
or
gani
sms
– bu
t on
ly u
p to
a c
erta
in s
tage
in
deve
lopm
ent.
Tech
niqu
e
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Shak
e to
sep
arat
e ce
ll
Two
iden
tica
l sea
ur
chin
sTw
o id
enti
cal
sala
man
ders
Two-
celle
d se
a ur
chin
em
bryo
Bab
y ha
ir n
oose
sep
arat
es s
tick
y ce
lls o
f tw
o-ce
lled
embr
yo
’VU
Tech
niqu
eIt’s
True
: The
Nuc
leus
is in
Cha
rge
Han
s Sp
eman
n
The
cell
nucl
eus
cont
rols
th
e de
velo
pmen
t of a
sal-
aman
der e
mbr
yo.
Wha
t par
t of t
he e
mbr
yoni
c sa
l-am
ande
r ce
ll di
rect
s its
gro
wth
an
d di
visio
n? I
s it t
he n
ucle
us?
Usin
g a
high
-tech
gizm
o –
a st
rand
of
baby
hai
r tie
d in
to a
no
ose
– Sp
eman
n te
mpo
raril
y sq
ueez
ed a
sal
aman
der’s
fer
til-
ized
egg
to p
ush
the
nucl
eus
to
one
side
of th
e cy
topl
asm
. Th
e eg
g di
vide
d in
to m
ore
embr
y-on
ic c
ells
only
on
the
side
of th
e no
ose
with
the
nucl
eus.
Afte
r a
few
cel
l di
visio
ns,
Spe-
man
n lo
osen
ed t
he n
oose
, le
t-tin
g th
e nu
cleu
s sli
de b
ack
to it
s or
igin
al p
ositi
on in
the
cell.
Spem
ann
then
use
d hi
s no
ose
to s
epar
ate
this
“new
” ce
ll fro
m
the
rest
of t
he e
mbr
yo. S
ince
the
nucl
eus
was
now
in th
e or
igin
al
cyto
plas
m,
this
cell
rese
mbl
ed
a fe
rtili
zed
egg
mor
e th
an a
n em
bryo
nic
cell.
N
ever
thel
ess,
this
singl
e ce
ll gr
ew in
to a
new
sa
lam
ande
r em
bryo
.
Wha
t did
this
tell
us?
The
nucl
e-us
from
an
early
em
bryo
nic
cell
dire
cts
the
com
plet
e gr
owth
of
a s
alam
ande
r. E
ssen
-tia
lly t
he fi
rst
inst
ance
of
nucl
ear
trans
fer,
this
ex-
perim
ent s
how
ed th
at a
n em
bryo
nic
cell
nucl
eus
coul
d su
bstit
ute
for
the
nucl
eus i
n a
fert
ilize
d eg
g ce
ll.
Frog
s G
alor
e! N
ucle
ar T
rans
fer B
ecom
es a
Rea
lity
Rob
ert
Bri
ggs
and
Thom
as K
ing
Frog
clo
ned
by n
ucle
ar
tran
sfer
fro
m a
tad
pole
em
bryo
.Fa
scin
ated
by
the
idea
of
nucl
ear
tran
sfer
, Br
iggs
and
Kin
g w
ante
d to
see
whe
ther
the
y co
uld
use
this
tech
niqu
e to
clo
ne a
n ev
en m
ore
com
plex
org
anism
: the
frog
.
Thei
r fir
st c
halle
nge
was
to
isol
ate
the
nucl
eus
from
a d
onor
cel
l: in
this
case
, a
cell
from
an
early
tad
pole
em
bryo
. Nex
t, th
ey h
ad to
pre
pare
a
reci
pien
t fro
g eg
g ce
ll by
rem
ovin
g its
nuc
leus
– a
proc
ess c
alle
d en
ucle
-at
ion.
Las
t, th
e do
nor
nucl
eus
and
the
reci
pien
t eg
g ce
ll w
ere
unite
d.
Even
if
all
thes
e pr
oced
ures
wer
e su
cces
sful
, wou
ld th
e ne
w
“fer
tilize
d
egg”
de
velo
p in
to
a ta
dpol
e?
The
scie
ntis
ts c
reat
ed m
any
norm
al
tadp
ole
clon
es u
sing
nucl
ei fr
om e
ar-
ly e
mbr
yos.
But
just
like
Spe
man
n’s
sala
man
der
expe
rimen
ts,
clon
ing
was
less
succ
essf
ul w
ith d
onor
nuc
lei
from
mor
e ad
vanc
ed e
mbr
yos:
the
fe
w t
adpo
le c
lone
s th
at d
id s
urvi
ve
grew
abn
orm
ally
.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? M
ost
impo
r-ta
ntly,
thi
s ex
perim
ent
show
ed t
hat
nucl
ear t
rans
fer w
as a
via
ble
clon
ing
tech
niqu
e. It
als
o re
info
rced
two
ear-
lier
obse
rvat
ions
. Firs
t, th
e nu
cleu
s di
rect
s ce
ll gr
owth
and
, ul
timat
ely,
an
orga
nism
’s de
velo
pmen
t. Se
c-on
d, e
mbr
yoni
c ce
lls e
arly
in d
evel
-op
men
t ar
e be
tter
for
clon
ing
than
ce
lls a
t lat
er s
tage
s.Te
chni
que
Don
or c
ell s
epar
ated
fr
om t
adpo
le e
mbr
yo
Cell
grow
s in
to s
alam
ande
r
Noo
se p
ushe
s nu
cleu
s to
on
e si
de o
f egg
cel
l
Noo
se lo
osen
ed; r
etur
ning
nu
cleu
s to
ori
gina
l pos
itio
n
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
fr
om e
mbr
yo c
ell
Embr
yo c
ell n
ucle
us
inse
rted
into
egg
cel
l
Cell
grow
s in
to
tadp
ole
clon
e
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Cell
sepa
rate
d fr
om e
mbr
yo
Cell
divi
sion
CE
Tech
niqu
e
For C
loni
ng, A
ny N
ucle
us W
ill D
oJo
hn G
urdo
n
Frog
clo
ned
by n
ucle
ar
tran
sfer
fro
m a
diff
eren
-tia
ted
tadp
ole
cell.
Can
the
nucl
eus
from
an
adul
t ce
ll, m
ore
diffe
rent
iate
d th
an a
n em
bryo
nic c
ell, s
erve
as a
dono
r?
To fi
nd o
ut, G
urdo
n tra
nspl
ante
d th
e nu
cleu
s of a
tadp
ole
stom
ach
cell
into
an
enuc
leat
ed fr
og e
gg.
In th
is w
ay, h
e cr
eate
d ta
dpol
es
that
wer
e ge
netic
ally
iden
tical
to
the
one
from
whi
ch th
e st
omac
h ce
ll w
as ta
ken.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? N
ucle
i fro
m fu
lly d
iffer
entia
ted
som
atic
ce
lls c
an b
e us
ed f
or c
loni
ng.
This
mea
ns t
hat
that
the
re i
s no
los
s of
gen
etic
mat
eria
l as
ce
lls in
an
orga
nism
div
ide
and
diffe
rent
iate
.
Clon
ing
wit
h a
Wee
Wit
tle
Wab
bit E
ggJ.
Der
ek B
rom
hall
Rabb
it cl
oned
by
em
bryo
nic
cell
nucl
ear
trans
fer.
The
next
clo
ning
cha
lleng
e w
as
to tr
y nu
clea
r tra
nsfe
r in
a m
ore
com
plex
mam
mal
ian
orga
nism
, lik
e th
e ra
bbit.
Mam
mal
ian
egg
cells
are
muc
h sm
alle
r tha
n th
ose
of fr
ogs
or s
alam
ande
rs, s
o th
ey
are
hard
er to
man
ipul
ate.
U
sing
glas
s pi
pette
s as
tin
y st
raw
s, Br
omha
ll tra
nsfe
rred
the
nucl
eus
from
a r
abbi
t em
bryo
ce
ll in
to a
n en
ucle
ated
rab
bit
egg
cell.
H
e co
nsid
ered
th
e pr
oced
ure
a su
cces
s w
hen
a m
orul
a, o
r ad
vanc
ed e
mbr
yo,
deve
lope
d af
ter
a co
uple
of
da
ys.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? C
loni
ng
mam
mal
s us
ing
nucl
ear t
rans
fer
is po
ssib
le.
Tech
niqu
eD
onor
cel
l ext
ract
ed
from
rab
bit
embr
yo
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
fr
om e
mbr
yo c
ell
Embr
yo c
ell n
ucle
us
inse
rted
into
egg
cel
l
Cell
grow
s in
to
rabb
it m
orul
a
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Don
or c
ell e
xtra
cted
fr
om t
adpo
le s
tom
ach
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
fr
om s
tom
ach
cell
Stom
ach
cell
nucl
eus
inse
rted
into
egg
cel
l
Cell
grow
s in
to
tadp
ole
clon
e
MO
Tech
niqu
e
Baa-
Baa
from
an
Eart
ly K
ind
of C
ell
Stee
n W
illa
rdse
n
Shee
p cl
oned
by
embr
y-on
ic c
ell n
ucle
ar tr
ansf
er.
Wou
ld n
ucle
ar t
rans
fer
wor
k in
sh
eep?
To
find
out,
Will
adse
n ch
emic
ally
sep
arat
ed o
ne c
ell
from
an
early
-sta
ge l
amb
em-
bryo
and
fuse
d it
to a
n en
ucle
at-
ed e
gg ce
ll. H
e th
en u
sed
a sm
all
elec
tric
shoc
k to
mim
ic fe
rtili
za-
tion
by a
sper
m c
ell,
caus
ing
the
new
cel
l to
divi
de.
Fina
lly,
Will
adse
n pl
aced
th
e re
sulti
ng e
mbr
yo in
to th
e w
omb
of a
sur
roga
te m
othe
r sh
eep
to
nurt
ure
it th
roug
h pr
egna
ncy.
This
was
the
first
larg
e m
amm
al
to b
e cl
oned
by
nucl
ear t
rans
fer
from
an
embr
yoni
c ce
ll.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? C
loni
ng
by n
ucle
ar tr
ansf
er is
pos
sible
in
larg
er m
amm
als.
Moo
ove
Ove
r for
Hav
ing
a Co
w!
Nea
l Fir
st, R
anda
l Pra
ther
, and
Wil
lard
Eye
ston
e
Cow
cl
oned
by
em
bryo
nic
cell
nucl
ear
trans
fer.
Rabb
its,
shee
p –
can
even
la
rger
ani
mal
s, su
ch a
s ca
ttle,
be
clo
ned?
Firs
t, Pr
athe
r an
d Ey
esto
ne u
sed
a sm
all e
lect
rical
sh
ock
to f
use
early
-sta
ge c
ow
embr
yoni
c ce
lls t
o en
ucle
ated
eg
g ce
lls.
They
im
plan
ted
the
resu
lting
em
bryo
s in
to
the
wom
bs
of
surro
gate
m
othe
r co
ws
to n
urtu
re t
hem
thr
ough
pr
egna
ncy.
The
first
two
clon
ed
calv
es w
ere
nam
ed F
usio
n an
d C
opy.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? Th
is ex
perim
ent
leng
then
ed
the
list
of m
amm
als
that
cou
ld b
e cl
oned
by
nucl
ear
trans
fer.
Still
, m
amm
alia
n cl
onin
g w
as li
mite
d to
us
ing
embr
yoni
c ce
lls
as
nucl
ei
dono
rs.
Clo
ning
us
ing
nucl
ei f
rom
diff
eren
tiate
d ad
ult
som
atic
ce
lls
was
n’t
thou
ght
poss
ible
.w
Tech
niqu
eD
onor
cel
l ext
ract
ed
from
cow
em
bryo
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Embr
yo c
ell n
ucle
us
mov
es t
o eg
g ce
ll
Elec
tric
sho
ck f
uses
em
bryo
cel
l wit
h eg
g ce
ll
Cell
grow
s in
to
cow
clo
ne
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Don
or c
ell e
xtra
cted
fr
om s
heep
em
bryo
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
fr
om e
mbr
yo c
ell Em
bryo
cel
l nuc
leus
in
sert
ed in
to e
gg c
ell
Cell
grow
s in
to
shee
p cl
one
Elec
tric
sho
ck
AE
Clon
ing
Law
s A
ppea
r on
the
Hor
izon
Wil
liam
Jeff
erso
n C
lint
on
U.S.
Pr
esid
ent
Clin
ton
requ
este
d le
gisl
atio
n to
pr
otec
t hu
man
res
earc
h su
bjec
ts.
As c
loni
ng te
chni
ques
impr
oved
hu
man
clo
ning
see
med
mor
e po
ssib
le,
and
the
issue
beg
an
to
appe
ar
on
polic
ymak
ers’
agen
das.
In
1995
, Pr
esid
ent
Clin
ton
form
ed
the
Nat
iona
l Bi
oeth
ics
Advi
sory
Co
unci
l (N
BAC
). Th
is co
unci
l, m
ade
up
of s
cien
tific
expe
rts a
nd n
on-
scie
ntist
s, ev
alua
ted
ethi
cal,
relig
ious
an
d le
gal
issue
s co
ncer
ning
th
e pr
otec
tion
of
hum
an r
esea
rch
subj
ects
. Th
is w
ould
lat
er b
e re
leva
nt t
o th
e co
ntro
vers
ies
surro
undi
ng
hum
an c
loni
ng.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? Ju
st
beca
use
som
ethi
ng is
tech
nica
lly
poss
ible
doe
s no
t m
ean
that
it
is so
cial
ly r
espo
nsib
le.
In a
de
moc
ratic
soc
iety
, man
y po
ints
of
vie
w a
re c
onsid
ered
bef
ore
law
s are
pas
sed.
Baa-
Baa
Tim
es T
wo
from
a P
etri
Dis
h Ce
ll Zo
oIa
n W
ilm
ut a
nd K
eith
Cam
pbel
l
Shee
p cl
oned
by
nucl
ear
trans
fer f
rom
cel
ls g
row
n in
the
labo
rato
ry.
All
prev
ious
cl
onin
g ex
perim
ents
use
d do
nor
nucl
ei
from
ce
lls
that
w
ere
part
of
deve
lopi
ng
embr
yos.
In
thei
r ne
xt
expe
rimen
t, W
ilmut
an
d Ca
mpb
ell
used
do
nor
nucl
ei
from
a s
light
ly d
iffer
ent
sour
ce:
cultu
red
mam
mal
ian
cells
, whi
ch
wer
e ke
pt a
live
in th
e la
bora
tory
.W
ilmut
an
d Ca
mpb
ell
trans
ferre
d th
e nu
clei
fro
m
cultu
red
cells
int
o en
ucle
ated
sh
eep
egg
cells
. The
lam
bs b
orn
from
this
proc
edur
e w
ere
nam
ed
Meg
an a
nd M
olly.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? Ce
lls
cultu
red
in t
he l
abor
ator
y ca
n al
so
supp
ly
dono
r nu
clei
fo
r cl
onin
g by
nuc
lear
tran
sfer
.
Tech
niqu
eD
onor
she
ep c
ell f
rom
la
bora
tory
cel
l cul
ture
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Cul
ture
d ce
ll nu
cleu
s m
oves
into
egg
cel
l
Elec
tric
sho
ck f
uses
cu
ltur
ed c
ell w
ith
egg
cell
Cell
grow
s in
to
shee
p cl
one
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
OL
Tech
niqu
e
Hel
lo D
olly
!Ia
n W
ilm
ut a
nd K
eith
Cam
pbel
l
Shee
p cl
oned
by
som
atic
ce
ll nu
clea
r tra
nsfe
r.
One
of t
he b
igge
st c
halle
nges
in
mam
mal
ian
clon
ing
was
usin
g a
diffe
rent
iate
d ad
ult
som
atic
cel
l as
the
don
or. W
hat
was
the
big
de
al?
Ever
y ce
ll’s
nucl
eus
cont
ains
a
com
plet
e se
t of
ge
netic
in
form
atio
n.
How
ever
, th
e pa
ttern
of u
sing
this
info
rmat
ion
diffe
rs b
etw
een
adul
t ce
lls a
nd
embr
yoni
c ce
lls. T
his
mea
ns th
at
whe
n an
adul
t cel
l nuc
leus
is u
sed
as a
dono
r, its
gen
etic
info
rmat
ion
mus
t be
rese
t, or
re-b
oote
d. T
his
allo
ws
the
cell
to b
ehav
e lik
e a
bran
d-ne
w e
mbr
yoni
c ce
ll ra
ther
than
a d
iffer
entia
ted
adul
t cel
l.
Usin
g th
e el
ectri
c sh
ock
tech
niqu
e, W
ilmut
and
Cam
pbel
l fu
sed
enuc
leat
ed sh
eep
egg
cells
w
ith u
dder
cel
ls fro
m a
fem
ale
adul
t sh
eep.
Of
277
atte
mpt
s, on
ly o
ne p
rodu
ced
an e
mbr
yo
that
was
car
ried
to t
erm
in
a su
rroga
te m
othe
r. Th
is fa
mou
s la
mb,
na
med
D
olly,
br
ough
t cl
onin
g in
to th
e lim
elig
ht.
Wha
t did
this
tell
us?
Dol
ly w
as
the
first
m
amm
al
ever
to
be
cl
oned
usin
g a
dono
r nu
cleu
s fro
m a
n ad
ult
som
atic
cel
l. H
er
arriv
al
brou
ght
the
pote
ntia
l im
plic
atio
ns
for
clon
ing,
es
peci
ally
co
ntro
vers
ies
over
cl
onin
g hu
man
s an
d st
em c
ell
rese
arch
, int
o th
e pu
blic
eye
.
Prom
ises
and
Pit
falls
of H
uman
Clo
ning
Wil
liam
Jeff
erso
n C
lint
on
U.S.
Pr
esid
ent
Clin
ton
bloc
ked
fede
ral
fund
ing
for
hum
an
clon
ing
rese
arch
.
Afte
r Dol
ly th
e sh
eep
was
clon
ed
in
1996
, C
linto
n te
mpo
raril
y re
stric
ted
the
use
of t
axpa
yer
fund
s to
sup
port
rese
arch
on
hum
an c
loni
ng.
He
also
ask
ed
the
Nat
iona
l Bio
ethi
cs A
dviso
ry
Cou
ncil (
NBA
C) t
o as
sess
hum
an
clon
ing
rese
arch
. Th
e N
BAC
co
nclu
ded
that
an
y at
tem
pt
to
clon
e hu
man
s by
nu
clea
r tra
nsfe
r is
an
“irre
spon
sible
, un
ethi
cal,
and
unpr
ofes
siona
l ac
t” b
ut re
com
men
ded
that
any
la
ws b
e te
mpo
rary
and
revi
ewed
ag
ain
in s
ever
al y
ears
. Whi
le th
e N
BAC
re
ques
ted
that
pr
ivat
e or
gani
zatio
ns a
lso d
elay
clo
ning
rese
arch
, sev
eral
of
thes
e w
ent
ahea
d w
ith th
eir r
esea
rch
plan
s.Ba
sed
on
the
NBA
C
reco
mm
enda
tions
, C
linto
n en
cour
aged
Con
gres
s to
pas
s a
law
ban
ning
hum
an re
prod
uctiv
e cl
onin
g in
th
e U
nite
d St
ates
. H
owev
er, h
e su
ppor
ted
clon
ing
rese
arch
th
at
coul
d le
ad
to
signi
fican
t m
edic
al
bene
fits
incl
udin
g th
erap
eutic
clo
ning
to
crea
te h
uman
em
bryo
nic
stem
ce
lls fo
r res
earc
h.W
hat
did
this
tell
us?
Clo
ning
pr
oced
ures
ca
n be
us
ed
for
diffe
rent
res
ults
. D
uplic
atin
g a
hum
an
usin
g cl
onin
g cr
eate
s m
any
ethi
cal
prob
lem
s. H
owev
er, u
sing
clon
ing
to cr
eate
ce
lls a
nd ti
ssue
s to
treat
illn
esse
s m
ight
be
bene
ficia
l.
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Don
or c
ell f
rom
udd
er
cells
in a
dult
she
ep
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Udd
er c
ell n
ucle
us
mov
es in
to e
gg c
ell
Elec
tric
sho
ck f
uses
ud
der
cell
wit
h eg
g ce
ll
Cell
grow
s in
to
shee
p cl
one
GN
Tech
niqu
e
Mon
key
See,
Mon
key
Do,
Mon
key
Mon
key
Clon
ed A
s Tw
oLi
Men
g, J
ohn
Ely,
Ric
hard
Sto
uffer
, and
Don
Wol
f
Mon
keys
cl
oned
by
em
bryo
nic
cell
nucl
ear
trans
fer.
Prim
ates
ar
e go
od
mod
els
for
stud
ying
hu
man
ge
netic
di
sord
ers.
Clo
ning
id
entic
al
prim
ates
w
ould
de
crea
se
the
gene
tic v
aria
tion
and
num
ber
of a
nim
als
in r
esea
rch
stud
ies
rela
ted
to
hum
an
gene
tic
cond
ition
s.Si
mila
r to
pr
evio
us
clon
ing
expe
rimen
ts,
Wol
f’s
team
of
sc
ient
ists
fuse
d ea
rly-s
tage
em
bryo
nic
cells
with
enu
clea
ted
mon
key
egg
cells
usin
g a
smal
l el
ectri
cal
shoc
k. T
he r
esul
ting
embr
yos
wer
e th
en i
mpl
ante
d
into
su
rroga
te
mot
hers
. O
ut
of
29
clon
ed
embr
yos,
two
mon
keys
wer
e bo
rn.
One
was
a
fem
ale
nam
ed N
eti,
and
the
othe
r was
a m
ale
nam
ed D
itto.
W
hat d
id th
is te
ll us
? P
rimat
es,
whi
ch
are
hum
ans’
clos
est
rela
tives
, can
be
clon
ed.
Follo
win
g D
olly
, Pha
rmin
g Po
llyA
ngel
ika
Schn
ieke
, Kei
th C
ampb
ell,
and
Ian
Wil
mut
Tran
sgen
ic
shee
p cl
ones
ca
n pr
oduc
e tre
atm
ents
for
hum
an m
edic
al d
isea
se.
How
can
hum
ans
bene
fit f
rom
clo
ning
te
chno
logy
? W
hy w
ould
we
wan
t to
do
this?
Tran
sgen
ic t
echn
olog
y –
the
trans
fer
of
gene
s fro
m o
ne s
peci
es i
nto
anot
her
– w
as b
eing
refi
ned
just
as
mam
mal
ian
clon
ing
hit t
he li
mel
ight
. Thi
s te
chno
logy
m
akes
it p
ossib
le to
pro
duce
tran
sgen
ic
anim
als t
hat s
erve
as p
rodu
ctio
n fa
ctor
ies
for m
edic
ally
use
ful p
rote
ins.
One
con
veni
ent
way
to
prod
uce
larg
e qu
antit
ies
of
a tra
nsge
nic
prot
ein
is to
eng
inee
r an
ani
mal
to
prod
uce
the
prot
ein
in it
s m
ilk. S
impl
y by
milk
ing
the
anim
als,
we
can
colle
ct th
e pr
otei
n, p
urify
it
and
use
it fo
r med
ical
pur
pose
s.
Wilm
ut, C
ampb
ell a
nd S
chni
eke
set o
ut
to c
reat
e cl
oned
she
ep t
hat
expr
esse
d th
e hu
man
gen
e en
codi
ng t
he b
lood
cl
ottin
g Fa
ctor
IX
(“fac
tor
nine
”). T
his
prot
ein
can
be u
sed
to tr
eat p
eopl
e w
ith
hem
ophi
lia, a
diso
rder
that
resu
lts in
the
inab
ility
to st
op b
leed
ing
whe
n in
jure
d.
To
crea
te
the
trans
geni
c sh
eep,
th
e sc
ient
ists i
ntro
duce
d th
e hu
man
Fac
tor I
X ge
ne in
to t
he n
ucle
i of
shee
p sk
in c
ells
grow
n in
a la
bora
tory
dish
. The
se n
ucle
i w
ere
then
tran
sfer
red
to sh
eep
egg
cells
, cr
eatin
g tra
nsge
nic
clon
ed
embr
yos.
Polly
w
as
the
first
tra
nsge
nic
shee
p pr
oduc
ed th
is w
ay.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? S
heep
can
be
gene
tical
ly
engi
neer
ed
to
prod
uce
ther
apeu
tic p
rote
ins
for
hum
ans
in th
eir
milk
. The
con
verg
ence
of t
rans
geni
c an
d cl
onin
g te
chno
logi
es r
esul
ted
in a
new
ap
proa
ch to
trea
ting
hum
an d
iseas
es.
Tech
niqu
eTh
e Fa
ctor
IX
gen
e is
in
sert
ed in
to c
ells
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Cell
nucl
eus
(wit
h ge
ne)
mov
es t
o eg
g ce
ll
Elec
tric
sho
ck f
uses
cel
l (w
ith
gene
) wit
h eg
g ce
ll
Cell
grow
s in
to
shee
p w
ith
gene
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Don
or c
ell f
rom
mon
-ke
y em
bryo
cel
ls
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Embr
yo c
ell n
ucle
us
mov
es in
to e
gg c
ell
Elec
tric
sho
ck f
uses
em
bryo
cel
l wit
h eg
g ce
ll
Cell
grow
s in
to
mon
key
clon
eFa
ctor
IX G
en
e
AWTo
Clo
ne o
r Not
to C
one?
Ric
hard
See
d an
d Le
e B
o-ye
on
Pers
pect
ives
on
clon
ing
hum
ans
and
hum
an
clon
ing
rese
arch
.
Som
e pe
ople
supp
ort h
uman
cl
onin
g. F
or e
xam
ple,
Ric
hard
Se
ed i
s an
Am
eric
an p
hysic
ist
and
self-
proc
laim
ed
“ferti
lity
expe
rt.”
In 1
998
he a
nnou
nced
pl
ans
to c
lone
a h
uman
bei
ng
befo
re a
ny f
eder
al b
an c
ould
be
ena
cted
. Ar
ound
the
sam
e tim
e, S
outh
Kor
ean
rese
arch
er
Lee
Bo-y
eon
clai
med
to
have
us
ed n
ucle
ar t
rans
fer
with
an
enuc
leat
ed e
gg a
nd a
som
atic
ce
ll fro
m th
e sa
me
wom
an.
He
repo
rted
that
one
of
the
resu
lting
egg
s be
gan
divi
ding
. H
owev
er,
the
Kore
an r
esea
rch
team
ha
lted
its
deve
lopm
ent
at
the
four
-cel
l st
age,
be
fore
it
coul
d be
im
plan
ted
into
a
surro
gate
mot
her’s
wom
b. T
he
rese
arch
w
orld
re
ject
ed
Bo-
yeon
’s cl
aim
, de
man
ding
mor
e sc
ient
ific
evid
ence
.W
hat d
id th
is te
ll us
? Ad
vanc
es
in g
enet
ics
are
pres
entin
g th
e w
orld
w
ith
new
ch
oice
s. Th
e po
tent
ial
for
hum
an
clon
ing
exist
s an
d m
ay s
oon
beco
me
a re
ality
. So
me
peop
le
supp
ort
rese
arch
ing
this
pote
ntia
l.
Dol
ly S
how
s Fo
lks
How
to C
lone
a M
ouse
Teru
hiko
Wak
ayam
a an
d R
yuzo
Yan
agim
achi
Fem
ale
mou
se
clon
ed
by s
omat
ic c
ell
nucl
ear
trans
fer.
Dol
ly w
as c
lone
d us
ing
gene
tic
mat
eria
l fro
m
diffe
rent
iate
d ad
ult c
ells.
Can
oth
er m
amm
als
be c
lone
d th
is w
ay?
Wak
ayam
a an
d Ya
nagi
mac
hi
used
m
ouse
cu
mul
us
cells
as
nu
cleu
s do
nors
. Th
ese
diffe
rent
iate
d ce
lls n
ouris
h eg
g ce
lls in
fem
ale
adul
t m
ice.
Bu
t in
stea
d of
us
ing
an
elec
tric
shoc
k to
trans
fer t
he n
ucle
us, t
he
scie
ntist
s in
ject
ed t
he n
ucle
us
dire
ctly
into
the
egg
cell.
The
new
ce
ll w
as
chem
ical
ly
stim
ulat
ed
to
divi
de
and
impl
ante
d in
to
a su
rroga
te
mot
her
mou
se. T
he fi
rst c
lone
d m
ouse
pup
, na
med
Cum
ulin
a,
was
bor
n 19
day
s lat
er.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? C
loni
ng
usin
g do
nor
nucl
ei f
rom
adu
lt ce
lls
can
be
perfo
rmed
in
m
amm
als o
ther
than
shee
p.
Tech
niqu
eC
umul
us c
ell e
xtra
cted
fr
om a
dult
fem
ale
mou
se
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Cum
ulus
cel
l nuc
leus
in
ject
ed in
to e
gg c
ell
Cell
grow
s in
to
fem
ale
mou
se c
lone
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Lee
Bo-
yeon
Ric
hard
See
d
DY
Tech
niqu
e
Fibr
o Br
ings
Mac
ho to
Cum
ulin
a’s A
rena
Teru
hiko
Wak
ayam
a an
d R
yuzo
Yan
agim
achi
Mal
e m
ouse
clo
ned
by
som
atic
ce
ll nu
clea
r tra
nsfe
r.
Up
to t
his
poin
t, al
l su
cces
sful
ad
ult c
ell c
loni
ng a
ttem
pts
used
ce
lls a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith t
he fe
mal
e re
prod
uctiv
e sy
stem
.
Can
a m
ale-
deriv
ed a
dult
cell
be
used
to g
ener
ate
a m
ale
mou
se?
Wak
ayam
a an
d Ya
nagi
mac
hi
isola
ted
dono
r nu
clei
fro
m c
ells
colle
cted
fro
m t
he t
ail
tips
of
adul
t m
ale
mic
e. A
fter
inje
ctin
g th
ese
nucl
ei in
to e
nucl
eate
d eg
g ce
lls, th
e sc
ient
ists t
rans
ferre
d th
e re
sulti
ng e
mbr
yos
into
sur
roga
te
mot
her m
ice.
The
sing
le re
sulti
ng
mal
e pu
p, n
amed
Fib
ro, w
as th
e on
ly
succ
essf
ul
clon
e in
27
4 at
tem
pts.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? C
loni
ng
usin
g ad
ult
som
atic
cel
ls isn
’t re
stric
ted
to f
emal
es o
r to
cel
ls as
soci
ated
with
the
repr
oduc
tive
syst
em.
Infe
rtili
ty D
rive
s Cl
onin
g R
esea
rch
Seve
rino
Ant
inor
i and
Pan
ayio
tis
Zav
os
Hum
an
clon
ing
mig
ht
solv
e pr
oble
ms
of
coup
les
havi
ng d
ifficu
lty
in b
ecom
ing
preg
nant
.
A gr
oup
of re
prod
uctiv
e ex
perts
an
noun
ced
thei
r pla
n to
clo
ne a
hu
man
with
in th
e ne
xt tw
o ye
ars.
This
inte
rnat
iona
l gro
up in
clud
es
Gre
ek-A
mer
ican
re
sear
cher
Pa
nayi
otis
Zavo
s an
d Ita
lian
rese
arch
er
Seve
rino
Antin
ori.
Zavo
s an
d ot
her
scie
ntist
s ha
ve
argu
ed t
he b
enefi
ts o
f hu
man
cl
onin
g re
sear
ch i
n fro
nt o
f a
U.S.
Con
gres
siona
l Co
mm
ittee
fo
rmed
to
disc
uss
issue
s ra
ised
by
hum
an
clon
ing.
Antin
ori
anno
unce
d th
at a
wom
an w
ould
gi
ve b
irth
to a
clo
ned
baby
in
Janu
ary
2003
, bu
t pr
ovid
ed
no
scie
ntifi
c de
tails
fo
r th
e pr
egna
ncy.
M
any
scie
ntifi
c ex
perts
are
ske
ptic
al a
bout
his
clai
m
of
achi
evin
g a
hum
an
clon
e.
Wha
t did
this
tell
us?
Not
bei
ng
able
to
have
a b
aby
caus
es a
lo
t of
em
otio
nal
pain
in
som
e pe
ople
’s liv
es.
Scie
ntist
s ar
e lo
okin
g at
clo
ning
as
a po
ssib
le
solu
tion
for i
nfer
tility
.
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Tail
cell
nucl
eus
in
ject
ed in
to e
gg c
ell
Tail
tip
cell
extr
acte
d fr
om a
dult
mal
e m
ouse
Cell
grow
s in
to m
ale
mou
se c
lone
Seve
rino
Ant
inor
iPa
nayi
otis
Zav
os
LO
Tech
niqu
e
Hum
an C
loni
ng to
Bol
ster
Ste
m C
ell Th
erap
ies?
Adv
ance
d Ce
ll Te
chno
logy
Hum
an c
loni
ng m
ight
als
o be
use
d to
cre
ate
stem
cel
ls
for n
ew m
edic
al tr
eatm
ents
.
How
mig
ht c
loni
ng a
hum
an b
enefi
t m
edic
al re
sear
ch?
Early
em
bryo
s are
com
pose
d of
st
em c
ells,
whi
ch c
an b
ecom
e an
y ki
nd o
f ce
ll in
the
hum
an b
ody.
A po
tent
ial
appr
oach
to
re
pairi
ng
tissu
e da
mag
e in
a p
atie
nt’s
body
is
by u
sing
the
patie
nt’s
gene
tic
mat
eria
l to
clo
ne a
n ea
rly e
mbr
yo
that
wou
ld b
e sp
lit i
nto
indi
vidu
al
stem
cel
ls.
Thes
e ce
lls w
ould
be
grow
n in
the
la
bora
tory
, pr
oduc
ing
mat
chin
g tis
sue
to r
epai
r th
e da
mag
e. T
his
appr
oach
, ca
lled
ther
apeu
tic
clon
ing,
di
ffers
from
rep
rodu
ctiv
e cl
onin
g in
tha
t it
aim
s to
pro
duce
cel
ls an
d tis
sues
ra
ther
than
a co
mpl
ete
hum
an b
eing
.
Scie
ntist
s at
Ad
vanc
ed
Cel
l Te
chno
logy
, an
Am
eric
an
biot
echn
olog
y co
mpa
ny, c
lone
d th
e fir
st d
ocum
ente
d hu
man
em
bryo
by
nucl
ear
trans
fer,
usin
g th
e nu
cleu
s fro
m
an
adul
t cu
mul
us
cell.
Th
e cl
oned
egg
dev
elop
ed i
nto
a six
-ce
lled
embr
yo b
efor
e it
stop
ped
grow
ing.
Thi
s ex
perim
ent
show
ed
that
ther
apeu
tic c
loni
ng m
ight
be
a re
alist
ic a
ppro
ach
to p
rodu
cing
stem
ce
lls fo
r med
ical
pur
pose
s.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? Th
e en
d re
sult
of c
loni
ng is
n’t
alw
ays
a fu
lly
deve
lope
d or
gani
sm. C
loni
ng m
ight
al
so b
e us
ed to
cre
ate
stem
cel
ls fo
r ne
w m
edic
al th
erap
ies.
New
Pre
side
nt, N
ew P
olic
ies
Geo
rge
Wal
ker
Bus
h
U.S.
Pre
side
nt B
ush
bans
fe
dera
l fu
ndin
g of
al
l hu
man
clo
ning
rese
arch
.Pr
esid
ent
Bush
cr
eate
d th
e Pr
esid
ent’s
Cou
ncil
on B
ioet
hics
. Th
is gr
oup
carr
ied
out a
miss
ion
simila
r to
fo
rmer
Pr
esid
ent
Clin
ton’
s N
atio
nal
Bioe
thic
s Ad
viso
ry C
ounc
il.Th
e Bu
sh
adm
inist
ratio
n pr
ohib
ited
taxp
ayer
fu
ndin
g to
su
ppor
t re
sear
ch
invo
lvin
g th
e cl
onin
g an
d de
stru
ctio
n of
hu
man
em
bryo
s. H
e al
so
supp
orte
d a
fede
ral b
an o
n bo
th
hum
an re
prod
uctiv
e cl
onin
g an
d th
erap
eutic
cl
onin
g to
cr
eate
st
em c
ells
for r
esea
rch.
Wha
t do
es
this
tell
us?
Not
ev
eryo
ne d
iffer
entia
tes b
etw
een
the
two
type
s of c
loni
ng.
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Nuc
leus
rem
oved
from
egg
cel
l
Cum
ulus
cel
l ext
ract
ed
from
adu
lt fe
mal
e hu
man
Cell
divi
des
to fo
rm
a fo
ur-c
elle
d em
bryo
Embr
yo c
ells
spl
it t
o fo
rm s
tem
cel
l lin
es
Cum
ulus
cel
l nuc
leus
in
ject
ed in
to e
gg c
ell
Y!L
Supe
rnat
ural
Bel
ief i
n Cl
onin
gH
uman
Clo
ning
Adv
ocat
es
Diff
eren
t per
spec
tives
on
hum
an
clon
ing
and
its
pote
ntia
l.Th
e Ra
elia
n M
ovem
ent
is a
relig
ious
sec
t w
hose
mem
bers
be
lieve
tha
t hu
man
s ar
e cl
ones
cr
eate
d by
alie
ns.
In 1
997,
the
Ra
elia
ns o
rgan
ized
Clo
naid
, “th
e fir
st h
uman
clo
ning
com
pany
.” Th
en in
200
2, th
e Ko
rean
offi
ce o
f C
lona
id cl
aim
ed to
hav
e a w
oman
pr
egna
nt w
ith a
clo
ned
embr
yo.
How
ever
, So
uth
Kore
an o
ffici
als
foun
d no
evi
denc
e su
ppor
ting
the
repo
rt. T
hey
rush
ed to
ena
ct
a go
vern
men
t ban
on
all h
uman
cl
onin
g in
the
coun
try.
Wha
t di
d th
is te
ll us
? D
iffer
ent
grou
ps o
f pe
ople
hol
d di
ffere
nt
belie
fs a
nd v
alue
s. It’
s im
porta
nt
to a
naly
ze a
ll sid
es o
f an
iss
ue
befo
re
mak
ing
your
ow
n de
cisio
ns.
Also
, th
e hu
man
cl
onin
g iss
ue
exte
nds
wel
l be
yond
the
bord
ers o
f the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, i
nflue
ncin
g ci
tizen
s of
all
coun
tries
.
Hou
se S
uppo
rts
Clon
ing
Ban
Geo
rge
Wal
ker
Bus
h
Hum
an
clon
ing
bill
pass
ed in
the
U.S.
Hou
se
of R
epre
sent
ativ
es.
The
U.
S.
Hou
se
of
Repr
esen
tativ
es p
asse
d a
ban
agai
nst
both
rep
rodu
ctiv
e an
d th
erap
eutic
hum
an c
loni
ng i
n 20
02.
The
bill
was
the
n se
nt
to t
he S
enat
e, t
he o
ther
hal
f of
C
ongr
ess,
for a
vot
e.
Wha
t doe
s th
is te
ll us
? If
such
a
bill
pass
ed, s
cien
tists
fund
ed b
y ta
xpay
er m
oney
can
be p
ut in
jail
if th
ey d
o an
y cl
onin
g re
sear
ch.
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Th
e C
lon
ing
Tim
esT
he
Clo
nin
g T
imes
Rae
l wit
h m
odel
of a
lien
spac
eshi
p