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TRAILER, SEMI TRAILER, DOLLY ANDCONVERTER DOLLY INSPECTION MANUAL

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TRAILER, SEMI TRAILER, DOLLY ANDCONVERTER DOLLY INSPECTION MANUAL

2005

Contents

SECTION 2 – SUSPENSION1. Suspension Attachments2. Springs and Attachments3. Rubber Load Cushions4. Air Suspension5. Air Suspended Axle6. Self−Steering Axles7. Shock Absorbers8. Log Trailer Axles

SECTION 3 – BRAKESInternal Brake Inspections1. Hydraulic System2. Vacuum System3. Vacuum Reserve4. Hydraulic Drum Brakes5. Disc Brakes6. Electric Brakes7. Machining and Wear Limits, Brake Drums and Discs

SECTION 3A – AIR BRAKESInternal Brake Inspections1. Air Brake Components2. Brake Mechanical Components3. Air Reservoir Check Valves4. Quick Release Valves5. Relay Valves6. Air Parking and Emergency Brake Application7. Self Adjusting Slack Adjuster [applicable vehicles]8. Brake Camshaft9. Camshaft Travel10. Brake Linings11. Brake Drums12. Brake Adjustment13. Disc Brakes (if equipped)

2005 TRAILER, SEMI TRAILER, DOLLY AND CONVERTER DOLLY INSPECTION MANUAL

of 66 Quickscribe Services Ltd.

14. Air System Leakage15. Anti−Lock Brake System (if equipped)16. Machining and Wear Limits, Brake Drums and Discs

SECTION 4 – STEERING1. Travel [applicable to C−Dolly only]2. Steering Linkage [applicable to C−Dolly only]3. Gauges and Operating Instructions [applicable to C−Dolly only]4. Kingpin Play [applicable to C−Dolly only]

SECTION 6 – LAMPS1. Lamps2. Reflex Reflectors3. Retroreflective Markings

SECTION 7 – ELECTRICAL SYSTEM1. Wiring

SECTION 8 – BODY1. Body2. Mud Flaps/Fenders3. Landing Gear (if applicable)4. Frame and Crossmembers5. Sliding Bogie (if applicable)6. Load Securement Points7. Rear Impact Guards

. ADVISORY – 8. Corrosion

SECTION 9 – TIRES AND WHEELS1. Tread Depth2. Tread Section of Tire3. Sidewalls4. Tire Pressure5. Rims and Lock Rings6. Wheel Nuts, Studs, and/or Clamps7. Wheels8. Hubs9. Spoke Hub10. Rear Wheel Bearings

SECTION 10 – COUPLERS AND HITCHES1. Upper Fifth Wheel2. Trailer Hitch3. No Slack Hitch4. Secondary Attachments5. Fifth Wheel Coupler and Converter Dolly



6. Oscillating Fifth Wheel7. Permanently Attached Equipment

Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

SECTION 2 – SUSPENSION

1. Suspension Attachments

Visually inspect:

Item and Method of Inspection Reject If

(a) U−bolts (a) − loose, broken, missing,inferior substitute, welded,cracked

(b) centre bolts (b) − broken, missing, welded, loose

(c) control arms (c) − bent, cracked, loose, missing,field welded, bushing worn,rubber disbursed excessively

(d) torque arms (d) − missing, loose, bent, cracked,field welded, bushing loose,rubber disbursed excessively

(e) torsion bars (e) − missing, broken, loose, welded

(f) walking beams (f) − worn, cracked, trunion loose orcracked

Out Of Service(Hazardous Condition)

(i) − any component allows the axle toshift from its normal position(ii) − any attaching component ismissing, loose, cracked or broken

2. Springs and Attachments

With the vehicle partially jacked up on the frame and with use of a pry bar andusing frame as pivot, attempt to pry spring attachments and check for movement.



Visually inspect:


(a) springs (a) − leaf(s) broken, missing, cracked,welded, sagged so as to allow contactto be made with the rebound rubber (ifequipped) in normal operation− sagged so as to lower the vehiclemore than 50 mm (2 in.) from oneside to the other− shifted so as to be less than 13 mm(1/2 in.) from any rotating part

(b) composite springs (if equipped)(fuzzing is not cause for rejection)

(b) − broken, splintered,separating, delaminating, notsame type on both sides ofvehicle

(c) shackles (c) −missing, loose, broken, cracked,welded, pin loose in shackle hole

(d) hangers (d) − loose, cracked, broken,missing,− worn more than 3 mm (1/8in.) in spring load bearing area(wear plates permitted)

(e) bushings (e) − loose, missing− wear exceeds OEM standards− if OEM not available wearexceeds :− shaft size 13 mm (.50 in.)maximum clearance 2 mm (0.80in.)− shaft size 25 mm (1.0 in.)maximum clearance 3 mm (1.25in.)

(f) equalizers (f) − missing, cracked, broken,loose, field welded, damaged(wear plates permitted)− bushings rubber disbursed

(g) bump pads (g) − missing, loose, split, badlydeteriorated

(h) attachments (h) − cracked, broken, missing




(i) − main leaf or ¼ of the leaves in oneassembly are broken or missing(ii) − any leaf is shifted in a manner asto contact any rotating part(iii) − any attaching or trackingcomponent is missing, loose, cracked orbroken

3. Rubber Load Cushions

On suspensions using rubber load cushions in place of leaf type springs, all otherhardware is to be checked in the same way as springs and attachments.Visually inspect:


(a) attachments (a) − any attachments are defectiveas in section 2, items 1 &2 ofthis manual

(b) rubber blocks (b) − missing, loose, split,deteriorated, mounting boltsare loose or missing


(i) − any rubber is missing or crackedthrough(ii) − any component allows the axle toshift from its normal position(iii) − any attaching or trackingcomponent is missing, loose, cracked orbroken



4. Air Suspension

With air in the suspension system and at normal operating pressure visually andaudibly inspect: (When checking air bag security vehicle must be jacked up onframe)


(a) bushings (a) − missing, loose, deteriorated,elongated, worn

(b) pivots (b) − missing, broken, cracked,loose, worn, welded

(c) lines (c) − missing, cracked, crushed, leaking,disabled, restricted, insecurelymounted

(d) air bags (d) − missing, cut, bruised, air leakage isevident− vehicle body and chassis frame isunsupported on one or more axles orleans to one side− mounted insecurely− bag cracked to nylon braid

(e) air bag base (e) − missing, broken, cracked, severelycorroded, inferior substitute

(f) radius rods/mounts (f) − missing, loose, cracked, bent,broken, field welded

(g) horizontal suspension beam (g) − cracked, broken, holes rustedthrough, excessive corrosion

(h) pressure protection valve (h) − air goes to suspension beforebrake system tank pressurereaches 450 KPA (65 psi)

(i) suspension height (i) − one or more suspensions noticeablydown

(j) height leveling valve (j) − inoperable− if equipped with only one andit is not mounted in centre offrame or OEM location




(i) − any component allows the axle toshift from its normal position(ii) − air leak at any air bag(iii) − any attaching or trackingcomponent is missing, loose, cracked orbroken

5. Air Suspended Axle

With air in the suspension system at normal operating pressure, operate liftcontrol. Audibly and visually inspect


(a) leaks (a) − air leak is evident when axle isin both up and down position

(b) operation (b) − retractable axle does not respond tolift control switch on valve

(c) one−way valves (c) − air supply is depleted to thetag suspension and safetyone−way valves do not protectmain suspension system


(i) any component allows the axle toshift from its normal position(ii) any air leak(iii) any attaching or trackingcomponent is missing, loose, cracked



and/or broken

6. Self−Steering Axles


(a) steering dampers (if applicable) (a) − missing, inoperable, leaking,seized

(b) steering lock (if applicable) (b) − missing, inoperable− steering not centered in the“zero” locked position− not equipped with a manuallocking system independent ofthe remote locking system

(c) air pressure regulator (if applicable) (c) − not equipped, inoperable

(d) pressure gauge (if applicable) (d) − not equipped, inoperable, inaccurate− not equipped with label indicatingthe minimum design pressure requiredto comply with centering forcerequirements

(e) operating plate (e) − not equipped with plate stating"Axle Must be Locked at SpeedsGreater than 50km/h


(i) − control mounted in cab

7. Shock Absorbers

All vehicles equipped with air ride suspensions require shock absorbers.Must be present on vehicle if OEM equipped.Visually inspect:


(a) condition (a) − broken, damaged, leaking (seepageis not cause for rejection)



(b) mountings (b) − cracked, loose

(c) bushings (c) − loose, missing, deteriorated, rubberexcessively disbursed

(d) attachments (d) − loose, cracked, broken, missing

(d) positioning (e) − shock not located at each OEMposition


(i) − any shock absorber is missing,broken or not attached on an air ridesuspension

8. Log Trailer Axles

Welding on log trailer axles will be allowed providing the weld is across the axleand not around it. This welding must be done by a certified welder. It isrecommended that all welding on spindles be referred to the manufacturer.

SECTION 3 – BRAKES

Internal Brake Inspections

Regardless of the number of axles, all vehicles fitted with original equipmentbrakes by the manufacturer must have brakes in proper working order before thevehicle can pass inspection.Internal brake components of brake systems shall be inspected as follows:

(1) When evidence of defect(s) on internal brake components is disclosed duringinspection of external or internal brake components, the affect of brake drum(s)shall be removed for further inspection and repair.

(2) When no evidence of brake defect(s) exists, inspection of internal componentsshall be carried out as follows:(a) remove brake drums and inspect internal brake components, measure and

record internal brake drum diameter, and measure and record brake liningedge thickness at centre of brake shoe; or

(b) if fitted with removable dust shields or no dust shields are in place, withdust shields removed, inspect internal brake components, measure andrecord internal brake drum diameter, and measure and record brake liningedge thickness at centre of brake shoe;

(c) if fitted with non−removable dust shields/backing plates:

(i) when proof of wheel removal and inspection of internal brakecomponents conducted within the preceding 24 months is providedby the vehicle owner, perform a visual inspection through theinspection holes; and



(ii) when proof of wheel removal is not provided, or no inspection holesare present, remove brake drums and inspect internal brakecomponents, measure and record internal brake drum diameter, andmeasure and record brake lining edge thickness at centre of brakeshoe.

Note: Proof of brake drum removal and inspection of internal brake components shall include brakedrum inside diameter and brake lining thickness measurements. Onus for providing proof ofinspection of internal brake components is on the registered owner of the vehicle or a persondesignated by the owner.

1. Hydraulic System


(a) lines (a) − leaking, welded, soldered,cracked, chaffing, flattened,blistered, insecurely mounted,restricted sections,− any repairs other thanapproved tubing− connections other than doubleflared

(b) hoses (b) − cracked or chaffed to firstbraid if rubber compositematerial, bulged, swells underpressure, flattened, insecurelymounted, restricted sections, notapproved material for brakefluid use

(c) master cylinder (c) − leaking, loose, fluid level below 13mm (1/2 in.) of top, mountedinsecurely

(d) cap (d) − missing, loose, vent holesplugged,− gasket damaged, missing orswelled

(e) breakaway (over 1400 kgs) (e) is inoperable


(i) − any brake hose or line seeps or



swells under pressure(ii) − any leak in brake system(iii) − master cylinder reservoir is lessthan to OEM minimum level(vi) − breakaway inoperable/missing

2. Vacuum System

Visually and manually inspect:


(a) lines (a) − missing, loose, cracked,collapsed, broken, worn throughtube wall, insecurely mounted,incorrect type

(b) hoses (b) − missing, loose, cracked,collapsed, broken, chaffed,insecurely mounted, incorrecttype

(c) condition (c) − leaking, one way check valvemissing or inoperable, one waycheck installed backwards

(d) clamps (d) − loose, missing, broken

(e) tank(s) (e) − missing, loose, damaged,leaking, deteriorated fromcorrosion

3. Vacuum Reserve

Build to full vacuum, make three full brake applications. Manually and visuallyinspect:


(a) reserve (a) − insufficient to assist three fullapplications

4. Hydraulic Drum Brakes

If drums and shoes cannot be seen, drums must be removed.



If drums and shoes cannot be seen, drums must be removed.


(a) Bonded Lining

Visually and with the use of asteel scale or Vernier caliperinspect:

(i) wear (i) − worn to 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) or less atthe center of shoe

(ii) condition (ii) − broken, cracked, insecurelybonded to shoe, contaminatedwith petroleum products, wornextremely uneven− installed incorrectly, primaryand secondary shoes reversed

(b) Riveted Lining

Visually and with the use of asteel scale or Vernier caliperinspect:

(i) wear (i) − worn to 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) or lessat the center of shoe− worn to 1.6 mm above rivet ifwheel removed

(ii) condition (ii) − broken, cracked,contaminated with petroleumproducts, rivets loose, wornextremely uneven− installed incorrectly, primaryand secondary shoes reversed

(c) Mechanical Components

Visually inspect:

(i) self adjusters (i) − seized, extensively worn,inoperable, missing, wrongthread for wheel installed

(ii) self adjuster cables and linkage(if equipped)

(ii) − missing, loose, broken,inoperable, cable frayed



(iii) anchor pins and springs (iii) − missing, bent, loose, broken,extensively worn, springs stretched, nospring tension, spring broken

(iv) backing plate (iv) − loose, bent, damaged, landsgrooved or worn in a mannerthat restricts free movement ofshoes

(d) Wheel Cylinders

Visually inspect:

(i) operation (i) − inoperable, seized

(ii) condition (ii) − leaking, damaged, mountedinsecurely

(iii) dust seals (iii) − cracked, split, damaged, missing,deteriorated

(e) Brake Drums (when removed)

Visually inspect for:

(i) condition (i) − cracks extended to the open edge ofthe drums− any external cracks are present− hot spots are present in more thanthree locations that cannot be removedby machining within drum limits− friction surface is uneven− chunk broken out of drum,discolouration of metal resulting incracks that cannot be removed withindrum limits

(ii) wear

(Using an approved gauge measureinside diameter of drum at twodifferent locations approximately 90*apart.

(ii) − drum has one or more grooves wornso that measurement in groovesexceeds wear limits as per Section 3item 7− out of round more than 0.25 mm(.010 in.) on drums 280 mm (11 in.)diameter and smaller− out of round more than 0.63 mm(0.025 in.) on drums greater than 280mm (11 in.) diameter− exceeds wear limits as per section 3



item 7


(i) brake drum in a condition toindicate failure is imminent(ii) any brake lining or pad worn tometal shoe(iii) lining contaminated(iv) inoperable

5. Disc Brakes

Visually and with the use of a micrometer or dial indicator inspect:


(a) discs (a) − broken, pitted, cracks on surfaceextend to outer edges, damaged− two grooves worn beyondmaximum 2.3 mm (0.090 in.)(− hot spots are present that cannot beremoved by machining− lateral runout exceeds 0.128 mm(.005 in.) on discs 380 mm (15 in.) indiameter or less− lateral runout exceeds 0.25 mm(0.010 in.) on discs greater than 380mm (15 in.)− exceeds wear limits in Section 3Item 7

(b) calipers (b) − leaking, piston seized, caliperseized, piston dust sealsdeteriorated, piston(s)inoperable, inferior attachingbolts, mounted incorrectly,caliper guides repaired,mismatched

(c) pads (c) − damaged, contaminated,broken, cracked, wornextremely uneven, rivets looseon riveted lining, pad loose onshoe on bonded lining,installed incorrectly, spalled− worn to 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) or



less at the thinnest point onbonded pads− worn to 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) atthinnest point on riveted pads− worn to 1.6 mm (1/16 in.)above rivet on riveted liningwhen caliper removed

(d) applicationApply the brakes and attempt torotate the wheel assembly.

(d) − wheels rotate


(i) any disc is cracked to the hub orfailure appears imminent(ii) linings contaminated(iii) brake lining/ pad worn to metalshoe(vi) inoperable

6. Electric Brakes

Removal of drums is required.


(a) Bonded Lining

Visually inspect with the use of steelscale or Vernier caliper inspect:

(i) wear (i) − exceeds manufacturers tolerances− if manufacturers tolerances notgiven worn to 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) orless at center of shoe

(ii) condition (ii) − broken, cracked, contaminated withpetroleum products, damaged, padloose on shoe, worn extremelyuneven, spalled


(i) any disc is cracked to the hub or



failure appears imminent(ii) linings contaminated(iii) brake lining/pad worn to metalshoe(iv) inoperable

(b) Riveted Lining

Visually and with the use of asteel scale or vernier caliperinspect:

(i) wear (i) − worn to 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) or less atcenter of shoe− worn to 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) aboverivet when wheel removed

(ii) condition (ii) − broken, cracked, contaminated withpetroleum products, damaged, rivetsloose, worn extremely uneven,spalled


(i) any disc is cracked to the hub orfailure appears imminent(ii) linings contaminated(iii) brake lining/pad worn to metalshoe(iv) inoperable

(c) Mechanical Components

Visually inspect:

(i) self adjusters (i) − seized, extensively worn,inoperable, missing, wrongthread for wheel installed

(ii) self adjuster cables and linkage (ii) − missing, loose, broken,inoperable, cable frayed

(iii) anchor pins and springs (iii) − missing, bent, loose, broken,extensively worn, springs stretched,no spring tension, spring broken

(iv) backing plate (iv) − loose, bent, damaged, lands worn



or grooved in a manner that restrictfree movement of shoes

(d) Wheel Magnets and Actuators

Visually inspect:

(i) operation (i) − inoperable, seized, burned out

(ii) condition (ii) − loose, damaged, missing, broken,

(e) Brake Drums (when removed)


(i) condition (i) − cracks extended to the open edge ofthe drums− any external cracks are present− hot spots are present in more thanthree locations that cannot be removedby machining within drum limits− friction surface is uneven

(ii) wearUsing an approved gaugemeasure inside diameter ofdrum at two locationsapproximately 90° apart.

(ii) − drum has more than twogrooves worn so thatmeasurement in groovesexceeds wear limits as perSection 3 item 7− out of round more than 0.25mm (0.010 in.) on drums 280mm (11 in.) and smaller− out of round more than 0.63mm (0.0125 in.) on drumsgreater than 280 mm (11 in.)− drum exceeds wear limits asset out in section 3 item 7


(i) any disc is cracked to the hub orfailure appears imminent(ii) linings contaminated(iii) brake lining/pad worn to metalshoe(iv) inoperable

(f) Wiring



Visually inspect:

(i) condition (i) − shorted, cracked, peeled, splicedother than an approved SAE or DOTconnector

(ii) security (ii) − not secured at least every 1.8 m(6 ft.)

(g) Breakaway System (over 1400 kg)

Visually inspect:

(i) for presence

(ii) condition


(i) not equipped(ii) inoperable

7. Machining and Wear Limits, Brake Drums and Discs

Brake Drums

(a) − No combination of machining and wear may exceed the manufacturersstamped limit.

(b) − If manufacturer's stamped limit is not given, then no combination of wearand machining may exceed:(i) 2.335m (0.090 in.) over original diameter of 280 mm (14 in.) or less;

(ii) 3.0 mm (0.120 in.) over original diameter of greater than 350 mm(14 in.)

Brake Discs

(a) Original thickness may not be decreased by any combination of wear andmachining below manufacturer's minimum thickness stamped on disc.

SECTION 3A – AIR BRAKES

Internal Brake Inspections

Regardless of the number of axles, all vehicles fitted with original equipmentbrakes by the manufacturer must have brakes in proper working order before thevehicle can pass inspection.

Internal brake components of brake systems shall be inspected as follows:



(1) When evidence of defect(s) on internal brake components is disclosed duringinspection of external or internal brake components, the affect of brake drum(s)shall be removed for further inspection and repair.

(2) When no evidence of brake defect(s) exists, inspection of internal componentsshall be carried out as follows:(a) remove brake drums and inspect internal brake components, measure and

record internal brake drum diameter, and measure and record brake liningedge thickness at centre of brake shoe; or

(b) if fitted with removable dust shields or no dust shields are in place, withdust shields removed, inspect internal brake components, measure andrecord internal brake drum diameter, and measure and record brake liningedge thickness at centre of brake shoe;

(c) if fitted with non−removable dust shields/backing plates:

(i) when proof of wheel removal and inspection of internal brakecomponents conducted within the preceding 24 months is providedby the vehicle owner, perform a visual inspection through theinspection holes; and

(ii) when proof of wheel removal is not provided, or no inspection holesare present, remove brake drums and inspect internal brakecomponents, measure and record internal brake drum diameter, andmeasure and record brake lining edge thickness at centre of brakeshoe.

Note: Proof of brake drum removal and inspection of internal brake components shall include brakedrum inside diameter and brake lining thickness measurements. Onus for providing proof ofinspection of internal brake components is on the registered owner of the vehicle or a persondesignated by the owner.

1. Air Brake Components

With air system charged, visually inspect:


(a) glad hands (a) − damaged, cracked, corroded,seals damaged, insecurelymounted

(b) air lines (b) − abraded, insecure, flattened,cracked, broken, kinked, leaking− do not meet OEM standards− steel braided lines are exposedat first layer

(c) air line connectors (c) − leaking, do not meet OEMstandards

(d) air reservoir(s) (d) − leaking, loose, damaged or corrodedto the extent that structural integrity is



compromised− welding other than factory weld− do not meet SAE J10 requirements

(e) air reservoir brackets and straps (e) − cracked, broken, missing− inappropriate substitute (i.e.chains)

(f) drain cocks (f) − missing, loose, leaking,inoperable, do not meet OEMstandards

(g) splices (g) − do not meet OEM standards

(h) automatic moisture ejectors (ifequipped)

(h) − inoperable


(i) failure of any air line appearsimminent(ii) any line bulges under pressure(iii) any splice does not meet OEMdesign standards(iv) second colour or reinforcementlayer damaged

2. Brake Mechanical Components

Visually inspect:


(a) brake chambers − damaged, mounted insecurely, leaking,corroded− drain holes not pointing in a downwardposition or plugged− mismatched chamber sizes on sameaxle group− spring brakes have bee renderedinoperable by use of caging bolts− return springs broken, misaligned− misaligned push rod and pressure plate

(b) chamber caging plate (b) − binding, cocked, hung−up, does notreturn to top of chamber, caging bolts



cannot be installed

(c) mounting brackets (c) − loose, cracked, deformed,broken, missing

(d) clevis pins (d) − missing, bent, welded, worn,cotter pin is missing, inferiorsubstitute (i.e. nut and bolt)

(e) clevis yokes (e) − worn, binding, welded,cracked, broken, bent, lock nutinsecure

(f) push−rods (f) − bent, welded, broken,misaligned to slack adjusterand/or brake chamber− does not form 80° to 100°angle (or as close as practical) toslack adjuster when brakesapplied− travel less than OEM design

(g) slack adjuster (g) − bent, broken, excessively worn,seized, function improperly,mismatched manual and automatic onany one axle

(h) slack adjuster nut self−locking sleeve (h) − seized, inoperable

(i) push−rod clevis−hole setting (i) − not same hole on same axle set− distance from center of cam tohole not the same on same axleset

(j) return springs (j) − missing, stretched, broken− does not hold lower roller to cam

(k) brake shoe rollers (k) − missing, flat spots, wrong size

(l) brake shoe anchor pins (l) − missing− wear allows the lining toprotrude outside the edge of brakedrum

(m) spiders (m) − loose, bent, broken, welded, boltsmissing




(i) − defective brakes on unit are equalto or greater than 20% of all brakes onunit (defective brake is considered asany brake that does not meet thestandards as per Section 3A)(ii) − with spring brakes released andservice brake applied, any air leak atbrake chambers is evident(iii) − any one brake fails to operate

3. Air Reservoir Check Valves


(a) check−valves (a) − missing, inoperable, sticking, do notclose

(b) contamination (drain all reservoirs) (b) − any large quantity of oil orwater is expelled

4. Quick Release Valves

With spring brakes released, apply service brake and then release. Inspect:




(a) operation (a) − inoperable, air is notexhausted through exhaust portof valve when brakes released,delayed brake release

(b) mounting (b) − insecure, broken bracket, loose

5. Relay Valves

With spring brakes releases apply service brakes and observe application of brakechambers served by the relay valve being tested then release brakes. Inspect:


(a) operation (a) − inoperable, leaking− brakes do not apply whenvalve activated, delayed brakeapplication− air is not quickly exhaustedthrough exhaust port of valvewhen brakes released, delayedbrake release

(b) mounting (b) − insecure, broken bracket, loose

6. Air Parking and Emergency Brake Application


(a) push−rod location (a) − with parking brake applied, wheelcan be rotated− parking brake not fully appliedwhen air pressure reduced to 140KPA (20 psi)

(b) brake release (b) − brakes do fully release freely andpositively

7. Self Adjusting Slack Adjuster [applicable vehicles]



Mandatory on vehicles manufactured on and after May 31, 1996. Not to beremoved.With the assistance of a second party make a treadle valve application and notepush−rod travel. Inspect:


(a) operation (a) − fails to operate

(b) adjustment (b) − push−rod travel exceeds OEMspecifications or is in excess of 50mm (2 in.)

(c) exposed pushrod indicator (c) − missing or not visible

8. Brake Camshaft

With spring and service brakes released, manually check for movement betweencamshaft and bushings. Visually inspect:


(a) operation (a) − seized, binding

(b) condition (b) − bent twisted, welded, installedincorrectly or incorrect type forthat wheel− bushings on camshaft wornmore than 1.7 mm (0.085 in.)(3/32 in)− bushing mounting bracketbroken or loose

9. Camshaft Travel

Back off the slack adjuster until movement is noticed in the brake chamberpushrod. The roller will now be in the bottom position of the S−cam. BrakeS−cam bushings should be inspected at this time. Mark the slack adjuster inrelation to the camshaft with chalk. Adjust the brakes to lock the wheel. Ensurebrakes are properly adjusted after test. Visually inspect:


(a) travel (a) − difference between marks is morethan 120° or 1/3 of camshaft travel or¼ inch from tip of cam− overcammed



In the event brake drums are suspectedof being oversized, the wheels anddrums must be removed and the drumsmeasured.ORThe drums may be measured by analternate type measuring deviceprovided the device measures drumwear accurately.


(i) − cam travel exceeds 120° or ¼ infrom tip of cam(ii) − cam is inoperable(iii) − oversized roller used

10. Brake Linings

Visually inspect brake shoes and linings. If shoes and linings cannot be seen,remove the lower portion of the dust cover. Inspect:


(a) condition (a) − broken, cracked, spalled, petroleumproduct contaminated− lining protrudes outside of drum− lining separating from shoe− shims used between lining and shoe

(b) wearMeasurement to be taken at centreposition of shoe.It may be necessary to back off slackadjusters to make an accuratemeasurement.

(b) − worn to 8 mm (5/16 in.) or lessat centre of shoe or as indicatedas per OEM− less than .8 mm (1/32 in.)above rivet head when wheelsand drum removed

(c) wheel seals (c) − leaking (seepage is not causefor rejection)


(i) − any lining worn below 6 mm (1/4in.) or less at centre of shoe(ii) −oil soaked(iii) −inoperable

11. Brake Drums

Standards must be adhered to at all times.Visually inspect brake drum:




(a) condition (a) − cracks or heat checks within25 mm (1 in.) of the open edgeof the drum− any external cracks arepresent− hot spots and heat cracks arepresent in more than threelocations than cannot beremoved by machining withindrum limits− friction surface is uneven− exceeds specifications as setout in Section 3A item 16

(b) wearMeasure inside diameter ofdrum at two locationsapproximately 90° apart. Usean approved gauge.

(b) − drum has more than two groovesworn so that measurement in groovesexceeds wear limits as per Section 3Aitem 16− out of round more than 0.25 mm(0.010 in.) on drums 280 mm (11 in.)and smaller− out of round more than 0.63 mm(0.025 in.) on drums greater than 280mm (11 in.)− drum exceeds wear limits


− brake drum in a condition as toindicate failure is imminent

12. Brake Adjustment

After inspection of brake items is complete, adjustment to specifications of allbrakes is required.


(a) S−cam brakesSupport vehicle on safety stands. Withspring brakes released, tighten slackadjuster until the wheel and drumcannot be turned. Back off slackadjusters until assembly turns free.



This will normally take two to fourclicks of adjuster, or 1/4 turn. Applybrakes with approximately 100 p.s.i.and visually inspect:

(i) angle between push−rod andslack adjusterSuggested angle, not allmanufacturers obtain thisangle. Refer to manufacturersspecifications.

(i) − as per manufacturers recommendedangle

(ii) push−rod travel (ii) − not between 20 to 36 mm(3/4 to 1 1/2 in.) ormanufacturer's specifications− not within 6.5 mm (1/4 in.)for all wheels

(iii) try to rotate wheel (iii) − wheel rotates

OR

With wheels on ground, tighten slackadjuster until linings are tight up againstbrake drum. Back off slack adjuster until20 mm to 36 mm (3/4 in. to 1 1/2 in.) ofpush−rod travel is obtained.Apply brakes, visually inspect:

(iv) angle between push−rod and slackadjusterSuggested angle, not allmanufacturers obtain this angle.Refer to manufacturersspecifications.

(iv) − not as close as practical between80° and 100°

(v) push−rod travel (v) − not between 20 to 36 mm(3/4 to 1 1/2 in.) ormanufacturer's specifications− not within 6.5 mm (1/4 in.)for all wheels



(b) Wedge BrakesSupport vehicle on safety stands andcheck clearance between lining anddrum. If incorrect, use a brake spoonor screwdriver to turn the staradjusting wheel until a heavy drag isestablished between the drum andshoe. Back off the adjuster until aminimum free clearance isestablished. This will takeapproximately 8 clicks of the detent.

(i) apply brakes, try to rotate wheel (i) − wheel rotates

(ii) distance lining travels from fullreleased to full applied position

(ii) − travel exceeds 1.6 mm (1/16 in.)

(iii) adjustment mechanism (iii) − does not operate


(i) adjustment exceeds standards as perthis section(ii) any brake component does notfunction



13. Disc Brakes (if equipped)

Visually and with the use of a micrometer or dial indicator inspect:


(a) disc (a) − broken, pitted, crack onsurface extends to the outeredges, damaged− two or more grooves wornbeyond 2.25 mm (0.090 in.),hot spots present that cannotbe removed by machining− lateral runout exceeds 0.25mm (0.010 in.)− wear exceeds specificationsas set out in Section 3A Item16 or as stamped on disc

(b) calipers (b) − seized, inferior attachingbolts, mounted incorrectly,caliper guides repaired

(c) anchor plates (c) − loose, bolts missing

(d) pads (d) − damaged, contaminated, broken,cracked, worn extremely uneven,rivets loose on pad, pads loose onbonded lining, installed incorrectly,spalled− worn to 5 mm (3/16 in.) or lessthickness on riveted pad



− worn to 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) or lessthickness on bonded pad

(e) adjustment (e) − cannot meet manufacturer'sspecifications

(f) application (f) − wheel rotates

(g) wheel seals (g) − leaking (seepage is not cause forrejection)


(i) any disc that is cracked or does notmeet the standards as per this section(ii) fails to operate

14. Air System Leakage

With trailer system charged, audibly inspect for:


(a) air leaks (a) − audible leak is evident in lines,tanks, valves or chambers

(b) apply trailer hand control valve (b) − air leak is evident in lines, valves or



chambers with brakes applied− trailer is attached to a power unitand leakage exceeds 28 KPA (4 psi)in one minute− trailer is attached to air line withgauge and leakage exceeds 20 KPA (3psi) in one minute

(c) manually disconnect traileremergency glad hand

(c) − emergency brakes do not apply


(i) − air system leakage with springbrakes released and service brakesapplied exceeds the allowable limit− trailer attached to a power unitexceeds 48 KPA (7 psi) per minute− attached to air line exceeds 40 KPA (6psi) per minute(ii) − emergency brakes do not apply(all brakes)

15. Anti−Lock Brake System (if equipped)

All vehicles with a GVW of 4,500 kg (10,000 lb.) must be equipped with ABS ifmanufactured on or after April 1, 2000. Visually Inspect:


(a) indicator lamp (a) − missing, inoperable, remainsilluminated continually, fails toilluminate during cycle or selfcheck, self diagnostic error isindicated

(b) wiring (b) − missing, damaged, mountedinsecurely, inferior splice, corrodedconnectors, insulation cracked to wire

(c) Electronic Control Unit (ECU) (c) − missing, insecurely mounted,connectors corroded

(d) relay valve (d) − leaking, insecurely mounted toECU



(e) wheel speed sensors (e) − missing, insecurely mounted,inoperable, connectorscorroded, insulation cracked towire

(f) system check for operation− disconnect electrical cord

(f)− observe for normal brake operation− new trailer portion of service linemissing (signal was taken from electrical)

16. Machining and Wear Limits, Brake Drums and Discs

Brake Drums:

(a) No combination of machining and wear may exceed the manufacturer'sstamped limit.

(b) If manufacturer's limit is not given then no combination of wear andmachining may exceed:(i) − 2.3 mm (0.090 in.) over original diameter of 350 mm (14 in.) or

less,(ii) − 3.0 mm (.120 in.) over original diameter of greater than 350 mm

(11 in.)Brake Discs:

(a) Original thickness may not be decreased by any combination of wear andmachining below manufacturer's minimum thickness stamped on disc.

SECTION 4 – STEERING

1. Travel [applicable to C−Dolly only]

Turn the wheels through a full right and left turn.Manually and visually inspect:


(a) operation (a) − binds or jams during cycle

(b) clearance (b) − less than 25 mm (1 in) between tireand frame, fender or other parts

(c) steering stops (c) − missing, not adjusted properly onapplicable vehicles

2. Steering Linkage [applicable to C−Dolly only]

Under no circumstances shall a pry bar be used.Visually inspect:




(a) tie−rod (a)− cracked, broken, kinked, bent, fieldwelded

(b) tie rod ends (b)− movement is evident, worn, bentfield welded, injected, attaching nutloose, threads stripped or repaired in nutor on shank

(c) cotter pins or safety retaining devices (c)− missing, inferior substitute

(d) yaw dampening diaphragms (d)− missing, inoperable, leaking

(e) steering lock (e) − missing, inoperable− steering not centered in "zero"locked position− not equipped with a manual lockingsystem independent of the remotelocking system

(f) steering dampers (if applicable) (f)− missing, inoperable, leaking


(i) any bolts are loose or missing or anypositioning parts allow movement fromits normal position(ii) any mounting bolted are loose ormissing(iii) any frame mounting bracket isloose(iv) ball and sockets− any linkage shows looseness inalignment with the shank or neck of theball in excess of 3.2 mm (1.8 in)nuts loose on tie rod ends

3. Gauges and Operating Instructions [applicable to C−Dolly only]




(a) air pressure regulator (a)− not equipped, inoperable

(b) pressure gauge (b) − not equipped, inoperable, inaccurate− not equipped with label indicatingthe minimum design pr4ssurerequired to comply with centeringforce requirements

(c) operating plate (c) − not equipped with a plate stating thespeed the axle locks

4. Kingpin Play [applicable to C−Dolly only]

Raise dolly so as to unload kingpins (if equipped with brakes they should beapplied to eliminate wheel bearing looseness) and, using a bar for leverage,visually inspect:


(a) horizontal movementAttempt to rock in and out andobserve movement at extremetop or bottom of tire

(a) − not within manufacturer'sspecifications or in excess of 4.8 mm(3/16 in) for wheels under 510 mm(20 in)

(b) vertical movementPlace a bar under the tire and checkfor vertical movement betweenspindle support and axle

(b) − not within manufacturer'sspecifications or in excess of 2.5 mm(.1 in)

(c) condition (c) − binding, seized

Note: tapered kingpins shall not beadjusted beyond manufacturer'sspecifications.

SECTION 6 – LAMPS

1. Lamps

All Lamps must comply with designated requirements




All lamps mentioned below, except hazardlamps to be inspected with all otherauxiliary lamps on and with brakesapplied. Visually inspect:

Any lamp which fails to illuminate, ismissing, broken, cracked, insecurelymounted, has moisture visible in theinterior, does not meet CMVSS, DOT, orSAE Standards and be so labeled, 25% ofLED's of any one lamp assembly are nonfunctional, or does not meet requirementsas set out below:Vapour proof lamps are required onpetroleum tanks

(a) tail lamps (a) − not two, located at the rear as farapart as practical, red− not clearly visible, proper filamentis lit

(b) stop lamps (b) − not two, located facing rear asfar apart as practical, red− not clearly visible, properfilament is lit

(c) turn signal lamps (c) − not two, located on rear as far apartas practical, amber or red− not clearly visible, proper filamentis lit

(d) hazard lamps (d) − not two, facing rear located as farapart as practical, amber or red− not clearly visible, proper filamentis lit, flash simultaneously

(e) side marker lampsOne may serve as both side markerand clearance lamp provided it can beseen from both side and front, or bothside and rear.Intermediate amber lamp required ifvehicle over 9.1 m (30 ft.) in length.

(e) − not four, located two on eachside as close to corner and ashigh as practical, front amber,rear red− not clearly visible

(f) clearance lampsNot required on vehicles under 2060mm (81 in.) width.

(f) − not four, located as far apart aspractical− not two facing forward, amber− not two facing to rear, red− not clearly visible



(g) identification lamps (if equipped) (g) − not three, located at rear, red− not as high and near center aspractical, clearly visible

(h) license plate lamp (h) − not one located so as to emit a whitelight on plate


(i) − less than one operational red lampon rear−most vehicle visible from 152 m(500 ft.)(ii) − less than one operational stoplamp on rear−most vehicle(iii) − not at least one operative turnsignal lamp on each side of rear−mostvehicle

Note: British Columbia does not requirea pole or log trailer to be equipped withside marker lamps, identification lampsand clearance lamps

2. Reflex Reflectors

Visually inspect:


A lamp or cover that emits a reflectionmay be considered a reflector.Reflective tape may be used in place of areflector provided it covers an area 100mm X 100 mm (4 in. X 4 in.) and samecolour as reflector being replaced.

Any reflector does not meet requirementsof CMVSS, SAE and as set out below.

(a) clearance reflectors (a) − two at rear red− as far apart as practical andlocated at the floor line of trailer,clearly visible

(b) side marker reflectors

One lens may serve as both sidemarker and clearance reflectorsprovided it can be seen from bothsides and end.

(b) − four, located two on each sideas close to corners as practical,located at the floor line− front amber, rear red− clearly visible



Amber intermediate side markerreflectors required if vehicle over 9.1m (30 ft) in length.

Note: British Columbia does not requirea pole or log trailer to be equipped withside marker reflectors.

3. Retroreflective Markings


Visually inspect: Reflective material and applicationstandards must comply with therequirements as set out below.

(a) installation (a) − required on all trailers with a widthof 2.05m (80 in.) and wider and aGVWR over 4,536 kg (10,000 lbs.)manufactured on and after January 1,1997− required on all trailers with a widthof 2.05m (80 in.) and wider and aGVWR over 4,536 kg (10,000 lbs.)manufactured on and after January 1,1993− required on all trailers with a widthof 2.05m (80 in.) and wider and aGVWR over 4,536 kg (10,000 lbs.) byJanuary 1, 2002 if manufacturedbefore January 1, 1993− required on all trailers by January 1,2002

(b) type (b) − alternating red and whiteretroreflective− DOT C2 (50 mm wide), DOT C3(75 mm wide) or DOT C4 (100 mmwide)

(c) height (c) − application height on sides and rearshall be not less than 375 mm (15 in.)and not more than 1525 mm (60 in.)above the road surface



(d) location (d) − the material shall be placed on theside and rear of the trailer− on the rear, the material shall be thefull width of trailer and as close toextremities as practicable− if equipped with underrideprotection the full width of the deviceand a minimum of 38 mm (1.5 in.)wide− a trailer, other than a containerchassis or platform trailer without abulkhead, two pairs of white strips300 mm (12 in.) long of grade DOTC2, C3 or C4 shall be appliedhorizontally and vertically to the rightand left upper contours of the body asclose to top and far as practicablewhen viewed from the rear

(e) area (e) − the material shall be equally spacedand cover not less than one half thelength of the trailer− the material shall start as nearforward and rearward on the sides ofthe trailer as practicable− the material shall extend the fullwidth of the vehicle on the rear



SECTION 7 – ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

1. Wiring

Visually inspect:


(a) security (a) − loose as to contact movingparts, insecurely attachedresulting in chaffing, not secureda minimum of every 1.8 m (6 ft.)

(b) insulation (b) − peeled, cracked, rubbed through,missing sections



(c) condition (c) − cut, shorted, deteriorated

(d) ground (d) − not equipped, inadequate, poorcondition

(e) vapour proofing (e) − not present on petroleumhauling trailers

SECTION 8 – BODY

1. Body

Visually inspect:


(i) under ride protection (i) missing (if equipped), not toOEM specifications

(a) Van Type

(i) sheet metal (i) − any metal protrudes in such amanner as to be hazardous toother vehicles, pedestrians orcyclists− loose, corroded through− rivets missing or loose− rivets dimpled or missing (taprivets with hammer)

(ii) doors (ii) − binding, lock insecurely, mountedinsecurely to hinges, hinges mountedinsecurely, severely corroded in hingearea

(iii) flooring (iii) − unsafe in such a manner so as aperson or cargo could fall through− any hole is larger than 3780 mm² (54in.²) (measurements approximate)

(iv) crossmembers (iv) − missing, cracked, broken,bent, collapsed, corroded so asto be ineffective

(v) side railsSteel and aluminum contact is

(v) − bulges indicating corrosion evident,stress cracks at rail



of special concern. − rivets missing, dimpled or loose(check further by tapping rivet withhammer)− cracked, bent, broken, inadequate orimproperly repaired

Out of Service(Hazardous Condition)

(i) − any component loose so as it couldbecome disconnected from vehicle(ii) any open side rail or frame railcracked

Note: See advisory at the end of this section

(b) Tankers

(i) tank (i) − loose at mounts, leaking,cracked, any cracked or brokenwelds, movement or severecorrosion between tank andframe, supports cracked orbroken, bulges, severe corrosion

(ii) valves (ii) − any leaks are present, capsmissing or loose

(iii) hoses and auxiliary attachments (iii) − loose, insecure, damaged

(iv) hatches (iv) − missing, loose, insecure,latch inoperable, gaskets nonfunctional

(v) hatch hinges (v) − broken, missing, inoperable

(vi) bumper (vi) − missing, loose, broken

(vii) overturn protection (vii) − any closure or manhole notprotected


(i) − any component loose so as it couldbecome disconnected from vehicle

(c) Low Boy



(i) tie downs (i) − missing, broken, cracked, wornbeyond load security specifications

(ii) loading ramp (if equipped) (ii) − hinges broken, insecurely mounted

(iii) equipment rails or pads (floor notrequired)

(iii) − loose, insecure

(iv) side rails (if equipped) (iv) − loose, cracked, broken, corrodedthrough, insecure, improper orinadequate repair




(d) Timber/Pole Trailers

Flooring not required.

(i) bunks/bunk lash (i) − missing, broken, cracked,mounted insecurely, cablesdamaged, beyond OEMspecifications

(ii) bunk posts (including extensions) (ii) − missing, broken, cracked,bent excessively (over 90o)

(iii) stops (iii) − missing, inadequate

(iv) body (iv) − worn (20%), cracked

(v) reach (must be slid to inspect) (v) − cracked, worn 20% or more,bent, repairs do not meet OEMspecifications

(vi) bolster (including cup &saucer) (vi) − cracked, loose, does not meet OEMspecifications

(vii) compensator (vii) − live (stops missing), bushingsineffective, cracked, welded, worn20% or more



(viii) adjustable reach (trailersmanufactured after (January 1,1993)

(viii) − weld, bolts or positive meansother than a friction clamp toprevent movement, missing


any component loose so as it couldbecome disconnected from vehicle

(e) Pressure Vessels

(i) tank (i) − loose on mounts, leaking, anybroken welds

(ii) valves (ii) − leaking, caps missing, loose

(iii) hoses (iii) − loose, insecure


− any component loose so as it couldbecome disconnected from vehicle


(f) Flat Decks

(i) deck (i) − loose on mounts− does not meet OEM specifications− any hole is larger than 3780 mm²(54 in.²) (measurements approximate)

(ii) sides (if equipped) (ii) − structural members broken,cracked, corroded through,missing

(iii) stake pockets / tie downs (iii) − broken, missing, cracked, wornbeyond load security standards



(g) Cattleliner



(i) sides (i) − cracked, corroded through, severelycorroded as to weaken the member(see advisory)− rivets at drop center front and backare missing, loose, working

(ii) floorParticular attention should be givenat drop center area.

(ii) − cracked, corroded through,corroded so as to weaken thepanel, hole exists in panel, drain&shutoffs do not function asintended

(iii) side supportsVisually check inside.

(iii) − missing, broken, cracked,corroded through, corroded soas to weaken the support

(iv) side rails (iv) − bulges indicating corrosionevident, stress cracks at rails− rivets dimpled, rivets missing(check further by tapping withhammer)


− any component loose so as it couldbecome disconnected from vehicle


(h) Grain/Chip Trailers

(i) sidesPay particular attention in hopperarea.

(i) − cracked, corroded through, corrodedso as to reduce the structural integrityof the panel, see advisory− rivets at drop center are loose,missing or working− any hole in box

(ii) floor (ii) − cracked, split, corrodedthrough, corroded so as toreduce structural integrity, holeexists in panel− any hole in floor

(iii) side supports (also check inside ofbox)

(iii) − missing, broken, cracked, corrodedthrough



(iv) body, frame and rivet corrosion (iv) − bulges indicating corrosionevident, stress cracks at side rails− rivets dimpled by corrosion,missing (check by tapping withhammer)− rivet area swollen by corrosion

(v) hatches and dumps (v) − missing, broken, cracked− hinges are missing, cracked,broken− will not close and latchproperly



(i) Gravel Trailers

(i) sidesPay special attention in hopperarea.

(i) − cracked or corroded through inhopper area− any structural support panel iscracked or corroded through in amanner that reduces the structuralintegrity of the panel and box− any hole in box

(ii) floor (ii) − cracked, split or broken away frombox structure− corroded through, corroded so as toreduce structural integrity, hole existsin panel− any hole in floor


(iii) side supports (also check inside ofbox)

(iii) − missing, cracked, brokenwelds, corroded through,corroded so as to reduceintegrity of support

(iv) body, frame and rivet corrosion (iv) − bulges indicating corrosionevident, stress cracks at side rail− rivets dimpled by corrosion, rivetsmissing(check by tapping with hammer)



− rivet area swollen by corrosion

(v) fifth wheel mount bushings(oscillating wheel)

(v) − loose, bushing rubberexcessively dispersed− bushing supports cracked orbroken

(vi) hatches and dumps (vi) − missing, broken, cracked− hinges are missing, cracked,broken− will not close and latch properly− any gaps evident that would allowspillage of load

(vii) anchor/ hinges/ pins,/mounts (vii) − worn, cracked missing



(j) Other Body Types: (applicablevehicles)

(i) floor (i) unsafe in such a manner so as aperson or cargo could fall through

(ii) door(s) (ii) lock(s) insecurely, mountedinsecurely, severely corroded inhinge area

(iii) sides (iii) cracked, corroded through, insecure

(iv) fasteners (iv) cracked, broken, insecurely mounted

(v) hoses (v) insecurely mounted

(vi) auxiliary equipment (vi) insecurely mounted

(vii) tilt deck (vii) pins worn, loose

(viii) transfer trailers with dump box (viii) dump box axles, rollers, wheels, notto OEM specifications






2. Mud Flaps/Fenders

All trailers must be equipped with one and/or the other.


(a) condition (a) − not equipped, loose, broken,insecurely mounted− any hole exceeds 3800 mm² (6 in.²)in area

(b) width (b) − not full width of the tires

(c) height from ground (c) − distance from ground to bottom ofmud−flap exceeds 1/3 of distancefrom mud−flap to centre of wheel orOriginal Equipment Manufacturerstandard whichever is greater (14inches)

3. Landing Gear (if applicable)

Manually and visually inspect:


(a) operation (a) − inoperable, binds, seized

(b) condition (b) − bent, cracked, broken, kinked,insecurely mounted

(c) landing pads (c) − loose, broken, missing

4. Frame and Crossmembers

Visually inspect:




(a) frame (a) − cracked, broken, bent, kinked− rusted to a depth as to substantiallyweaken the frame (repair by weldingpermitted if re−enforced)− repaired in a manner thatcompromises structural integrity− repaired other than by an industryaccepted standard and procedure

(b) cross members (b) − missing, bent, loose, cracked,broken, corroded through, rustedto a depth so as to weakenmember (repair by weldingpermitted)

(c) body mounts and rivets (c) − missing, bolts missing, rivets aredeteriorated or missing

(d) bolts (d) − loose, missing, less than grade 5


(i) − any frame member is broken,sagging or cracked in such a manner asto permit the body to contact anymoving part or collapse of the frame isimminent(ii) − any frame member or componentfails to adequately support directionalstability(iii) − 37 mm (1 1/2 in.) or longer crackin frame which is directed toward thebottom flange(vi) − 25 mm (1 in.) or longer crack inthe bottom flange

5. Sliding Bogie (if applicable)

Visually inspect:




(a) rails (a) − cracked, broken, corroded as toweaken the rail

(b) locking device (b) − missing, inoperable,cracked, does not locksecurely− any lock pin is missing,broken, cracked or wornbeyond OEM specifications

(c) stops (c) − missing, cracked


(i) − any frame member is broken,sagging or cracked in such a manner asto permit the body to contact anymoving part or collapse of the frame isimminent(ii) − any frame member or componentfails to adequately support directionalstability(iii) − 37 mm (1 1/2 in.) or longer crackin frame which is directed toward thebottom flange(vi) − 25 mm (1 in.) or longer crack inthe bottom flange(v) − adjustable axle assembly has 1/4or more of the locking pins missing ornot engaged

6. Load Securement Points

Visually inspect:


(a) attachment points (a) − cracked, elongated or broken

7. Rear Impact Guards

Canadian trailers and trailer combinations must comply with the following if builtafter January 1, 1995. These criteria apply to trailers over 14.65 m (48 feet) or therear trailer of combinations exceeding 23 m (75.4 feet).





(a) location (a) − not installed on trailers where thebottom of the rear structure is higherthan 55 cm (22 in) above the ground− height between the rear guard andground exceeds 55 cm (22 in)− not equipped on trailers when therearmost tire is more than 30 cm (12in) forward of the rear of the trailer

(b) condition (b) − guard missing, bent, broken orcracked welds

ADVISORY – 8. Corrosion

. Corrosion affects all trailers but is more predominant in older units. It is usuallyfound where steel and aluminum are in contact with each other.Types of trailers affected in order of severity: 1) catteliners 2) reefers 3) dryvan 4) grain trailerAreas affected − worst in area around upper coupler plate or behind couplingplates.Inspection method − visually check for : metal bubbling, inside rivet headsmissing or rail cracks. If corrosion is evident by visual inspection, tap the rivetslightly with a hammer.Corrosion Repair Guide

(a) Small area if not severe:

(i) replace rivets or use cadmium plated bolts; and

(ii) corrosion protect mating surfaces.

(b) Badly corroded:

(i) replace members, panels, rivets and bolts; and



(ii) corrosion protect mating surfaces.

SECTION 9 – TIRES AND WHEELS

1. Tread Depth

With use of tire tread depth gauge, measure tread depth through a continuouscircumferential band on the tread of at least 3/4 of the tread width. Do notmeasure on wear bar. Inspect:


(a) tread depth (a) − less than 1.5 mm (2/32 in.)of tread, wear bar exposed− any tanker trailer involvedwith transportation offlammable and hazardousproducts has less than 3 mm(4/32 in.) of tread


(i) less than 0.8 mm (1/32 in.) of treadmeasured on the tire(ii) less than 0.8 mm (1/32 in.) of treadbetween any lugs on grip tires(iii) less than 1.5 mm (2/32in) of treadremaining on tires marked Mud &Snow(M

Note: Retreaded tires are acceptable on self−steering axles.

DEFINITIONS:

"Passive self−steering axle" means an axleon which the wheels turn left and right onone or more essentially vertical axes, buttheir turning is not controlled by means ofthe steering wheel in the operator'scompartment.

"Active steering axle" means an axle onwhich the wheels turn left and right onone or more essentially vertical axes, intheir turning is controlled by, and in directporportion to, the rotation of the steeringwheel in the operator's compartment.



2. Tread Section of Tire



(a) retreads (a) − retreaded surface peeled

(b) damage (b) − has any cuts greater than 25mm (1 in.) in length below treaddepth or cuts into cord− any chunking evident greaterthan 25 mm (1 in.)

(c) condition (c) − any tread separation evident− cords exposed

(d) cupping (d) − tread no longer evident in cuppedarea

(e) section repairs (e) − has any visible breaks, bootsor blow−out patches

(f) regrooving (f) − regrooved and not marked"regroovable"

(g) mismatching (g) − different size tire on one axle, onedual which exceeds 13 mm (0.50 in.)in diameter in size of the matchingdual− wheel/rim sized does not match thetire size


(i) − any part of breaker strip or casingply is showing in the tread area(ii) − visible bump or bulge in the treadarea indicating separation(iii) − tire regrooved and not marked"regroovable"

3. Sidewalls





(a) condition (a) − ply separation and/or bulges evident− broken or distorted casing, cordsexposed

(b) damage (b) − any cuts expose cord− any cut longer than 25 mm (1in.) to cord layer− crack or weather crack inexcess of 3 mm (1/8 in.) in depthwhich exposes wrap layer

(c) matching tires (c) − has mismatching tires on one axlesuch as radial and non radial

(d) valve stems (d) − cracked, damaged, leaking,inaccessible

(e) marking (e) − any tire labeled "Not for HighwayUse"


(i) − sidewall is cut or damagedexposing the cord(ii) − any tire labeled "NOT FORHIGHWAY USE"(iii) − bias and radial tires on the sameaxle(vi) − visible bump or bulge in thesidewall area indicating separation

4. Tire Pressure

With use of a gauge, check:


(a) pressure (a) − pressure in tires on each axle is notwithin 10% of each other− pressure not within range as markedon sidewall(correct pressure and pass)




(i) − any tire is flat

5. Rims and Lock Rings



(a) improper matching (a) − mismatched

(b) damage (b) − bent, crooked, loose, sprung, hasappearance of slippage

(c) butt jointed lock rings (c) − less than 3 mm (.120 in.)clearance between ends

(d) spacer (d) − damaged, missing, distorted,cracked


(i) − lock ring is bent, broken, cracked,sprung, mismatched or improperlyseated

6. Wheel Nuts, Studs, and/or Clamps

Visually and with the use of an torque wrench. Inspect:


(a) nuts (a) − incorrect thread direction or style− loose, missing, cracked, crossthreaded, threads stripped, less thanflush with stud− rotates before the lowest torquevalue specified by the manufacturer isapplied

(b) studs (b) − incorrect thread direction orstyle− loose, missing, cracked,



broken, cross threaded, threadsstripped

(c) clamps (c) − missing, cracked, welded− gap between clamps and spokesdoes not meet manufacturer'sspecifications


(i) − any wheel nut or stud is missing,loose and/or broken(ii) − loose wheel

7. Wheels

Visually inspect each wheel for:


(a) condition (a) − crooked, distorted, bent,cracked, field welded, wear inclamping area on spoke wheelrims, discoloured fromexcessive heat

(b) stud holes (b)



− elongated, enlarged, repairedby welding

(c) components (c) −mismatched hub/wheel/wheel nut


(i) − any nuts missing or studs broken

8. Hubs


(a) condition (a) − repaired by welding− damaged, bent, broken,cracked, distorted, leaking,filler plug missing− lubricant level is belowminimum requirement

(b) stud holes (b) − elongated, enlarged, repairedby welding

(c) wheel seals (c) −wheel seals are leaking (seepage notcause for rejection)


(i) − any hub is bent or cracked two ormore nuts missing or studs broken

9. Spoke Hub


(a) condition (a) − damaged, bent , broken, cracked,leaking− field welded (banding accepted)− wheel mounting area damaged



(b) clamps (b) − missing, broken, twisted,cracked, welded, worn, distorted

(c) spacers (c) − missing, broken, cracked,twisted, welded, worn, distorted,not fully seated

10. Rear Wheel Bearings


(a) playOn full floating axles, elevate rearaxle so that the tires are clear of floor.Check wheel bearing play by pushingtire and drum assembly in towardcentre of axle housing as far aspossible and then by pulling out as faras possible.

(a) −exceeds Original VehicleManufacturer's (OEM)specifications or if not given3.0 mm (1/8 in.)

(b) adjustment (b) −bearing end play exceedsmanufacturer's specifications

(c) condition (c) −binding or roughness is detectedwhile rotating the bearing− bearing adjustment locking devicemissing, non engaged ornonfunctional

SECTION 10 – COUPLERS AND HITCHES

1. Upper Fifth Wheel

Visually and with use of vernier caliper or approved gauge, inspect:


(a) kingpin (a) − loose, broken, deformed,cracked, worn in excess of 3 mm(1/8 in.), field welded (fieldwelding accepted if by certifiedwelding company, pin to bemarked by welder)



− length less than sufficient toproperly fit into fifth wheel jawsif tractor or converter isequipped with lube plate

(b) upper plate (b) − cracked, loose, warped orworn so as an area less than 75%is in contact with the lower fifthwheel− fifth wheel's attachingmembers are corroded, damagedor in a condition so as fifthwheel plate may becomedetached

(c) mounting to body (c) − bolts or rivets loose, missing,broken, corroded (refer to section 8 oncorrosion)− bulges in attaching and matingsurfaces indicating corrosion isevident− rivets dimpled by corrosion− rivet area swollen by corrosion


(i) − any relative movement between theupper fifth and mounting components(ii) − any crack, break or damaged partin the stress or load bearing areas of acoupling device

2. Trailer Hitch

Visually inspect trailer hitch:


(a) mounting (a) − insecurely attached, bolts loose,missing, or less than Grade 8

(b) latch (b) − fails to close and latch, excessplay between bolt and latch

(c) condition (c) − any part is missing, cracked,broken, bent, seized or excessively



worn

(d) cast or forged hitch (d) − deformed, cracked− wear exceeds 5 mm (3/16 in.)

(e) safety attachments (applicable units) (e) − missing, cracked, broken,excessively worn

(f) pintle hook (f) − deformed, cracked− wear exceeds 5 mm (3/16 in.)

(g) eye/lunette (trailer drawbar) (g) − deformed, cracked− wear exceeds 5 mm (3/16 in.)

(h) ball hitch ( h) − does not meet OEM specifications


(i) wear exceeds 9 mm (3/8 in.) on hitch(ii) repaired by welding

3. No Slack Hitch

Apply air pressure to no slack hitch. Visually inspect:


(a) cushion (a) − cushion does not move− out of adjustment

(b) condition (b) − air leaks at chambers or air lines

(c) wear (c) − exceeds 5 mm (3/16 in.) or OEMspecifications

(d) latch (d) − worn


(i) − does not latch securely(ii) − latch mounting pin is loose orbroken

4. Secondary Attachments



Visually inspect: (applicable vehicles)


(a) safety chains, cables and attachments(a) − missing, cracked links,broken, worn cables, insecurelyfastened, missing, improperhook−up, incorrect length,inadequate size, welded

(b) cable clamps (b) − insufficient quantity, incorrectlyinstalled, loose

(c) hooks (c) − cracked, missing, part broken

(d) safety catches (d) − operate ineffectively, missing

(e) connectors (e) − inadequate


(i) − any component is damaged orworn to the degree that it is no longereffective

SAFETY CHAIN REQUIREMENTS FOR POLE TRAILERS

5. Fifth Wheel Coupler and Converter Dolly

When checking saddle bushings place a bar between the frame and fifth wheeland pry horizontally.Visually inspect:




(a) fifth wheel mounting bolts (a) − broken, cracked, distortedcomponents− insecure to frame, bolts looseor missing, bolts less than grade8

(b) jaw and latch (b) − seized, cracked, broken, wearallows free play to exceed 6 mm(1/4 in.)− anything attached to releasehandle

(c) jaw mount pins (c) − loose, welded

NOTE: Holland hitch can be repaired bysleeving if O.E.M. sleeve equipped

(d) top plate (d) − cracked, broken, damaged, fieldwelded, distorted, contaminated (i.e.sand, gravel)− no evidence of lubrication grooves− not properly lubricated

(e) saddle bushings (e) − exceed manufacturers specificationsIf not available:− steel bushings:− movement exceeds 9 mm (3/8 in.)− rubber bushings:− movement excessive

(f) saddles (f) − cracked, broken, inferiorsubstitute− repaired by welding otherthan authorized bymanufacturer

(g) stops (g) − missing, inferior substitute

(h) slider (h) − cracked, broken, worn, does notlock, teeth missing, pawls broken orcracked− play exceeds 6 mm (1/4 in.)movement between teeth when inlocked position



(i) air release slide (i) − not locked securely

(j) frame and fifth wheel sub frame (j) − severely corroded or rusted− sub frame welded to lead traileror dolly frame

(k) eye/lunette (k) − deformed, cracked− wear exceeds 5 mm (3/16 in.)− repaired by field welding and/or iswelded in area other than OEM

(l) draw bar (l) − deformed, cracked, brokenwelds, bushings worn

(m) sliding draw bar (m) − pins missing or worn greaterthan 3.2 mm (1/8 in.)

(n) ball bearing type turn−table (n) − vertical lift exceeds 6 mm (1/4in.), bolts loose or missing, weldscracked


(i) − adjustable fifth wheel or tow−barhas 1/4 or more of the locking pinsmissing(ii) − any observable movementexceeding 6 mm (1/4 in.) between thefifth wheel mounting and the frame(iii) − more than 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) playlengthwise of the track of an adjustablefifth wheel(iv) − any adjustable fifth wheel lockingmechanism does not remain in thelocked position(v) − any crack, break or damage in thestress or loading area of the couplingdevice

6. Oscillating Fifth Wheel

With the use of a pry bar manually and visually inspect:




(a) frame (a) − broken, bent, distorted,cracked, shoe surface wornthrough, any bolt missing orloose

(b) shoe sub−assembly (b) − total lift exceedsmanufacturers specifications− if OEM specifications arenot given lift exceeds 13 mm(0.5 in.)− broken, cracked, basethickness less than 7 mm (0.30in.)

(c) rubber cushions (c) − deteriorated, dispersed,distorted, split

7. Permanently Attached Equipment



(a) security (a) − insecure, loose

DOLLY

Inspect suspension and brakes as perSection 2 and section 3 indicate.

Inspect tires as per Section 9.

Section 901 of the Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards states:

Axles − (1) No axle, axle assembly or wheel, tire, suspension or other hardware of anaxle assembly commonly referred to as running gear that is designed and manufacturedexclusively for use on a mobile home or other vehicle that is not of a class prescribed bythe Regulations shall be fitted to a trailer.

This section and section 220 of the Motor Vehicle Act prohibit any manufacturer, distributor ordealer from reusing limited use motor home axles.



Section 219 of the Motor Vehicle Act stops a person from selling a trailer which is not incompliance with the Motor Vehicle Act and regulations.

A limited use axle (mobile home axle) is an axle that has a brake system with a brake backingplate welded to the axle and does not prevent ingress of water, mud, etc. into the brake assembly.

A continuous use axle is identified by a full size bolt−on brake backing plate that minimizesingress of mud, water, etc.

Inspect trailers with limited use mobile home axles as follows:

1. licenced trailers with limited use mobile home axles − not modified:− do not inspect− remove from the road

2. licenced trailers with limited use mobile home axles − modified:− inspect for proper modifications

3. licenced trailers with continuous use mobile home axles:− inspect

4. unlicenced trailers with limited use mobile home axles − not modified:− do not inspect

5. unlicenced trailers with limited use mobile home axles − modified− do not inspect

6. unlicenced trailers with continuous use mobile home axles:− inspect

The maximum licenced GVW on a trailer with electric brakes and other components from amobile home is 4 600 kg (10,000 lbs.).

Each mobile home axle with electric brakes is rated at 2 268 kg (5,000 lbs.) maximumcapacity.

2 axles = 4 600 kg (10,000 lbs.) maximum capacity3 axles = 4 600 kg (10,000 lbs.) maximum capacity

MODIFICATIONS

The onus is upon the owner to show proof of the following modifications:

1. limited use axle bearings to be replaced with highway/industrial type;

2. if brakes are used, as per Motor Vehicle Act Regulations Divisions 5 and 6, the backingplates must be a bolt−on type. All brakes must meet Provincial braking standards.

3. the tires, rims/wheels 36.85 cm (14.5 in.) rim diameter, are to be of highway quality suchas light truck category (LT), not for mobile home use only;



4. if the axles have been cut and shortened, the “Certificate of Mechanical Condition”should indicate roadworthiness pertaining to the welding.



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