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ENGLISHA/E or E/AAASHTOacceptance testACIACIP, ACIP Pile
active earth pressure
Adaptor
additiveAdfreezing
adhesion
Adjacent Pilesadmixture, addition
ADSC-IAFD
adsorbed water
Advance Splicer
Aeolian soil
AFEO
A-Frame
Aft Batter
AGCaggregateair
air entrainment
air hose
Air Port(s)
Air/Steam Hammer
Airlift
AirlockAirport
allowable bearing value
Allowable Load
alluvium
anchor
anchor head
Anchor Pile
anchor wall
anchored bulkhead
anchorage, anchoring, anchor plate
Angle Iron Guides
Angle of Internal Friction
angle of repose
anodeAnomaly
Anvil
APIapparent tendon free length
applied stress
apron
aquiclude
AquiferarchingArtesian Head
artesian pressure
Artesian Water
ASCEASFEASTMat rest pressure
Atomization, Impact
Atomization, Injection
Atterberg limits
auger
auger boring
auger flights
Auger Refusal
Augercast, Augercast Pile
augered pile
Augered Cast-in-Place (ACIP) Pile
Automated Monitoring Equipment
AWPA
AWSbackfill
backhoe
Back-Up-Ring
bailer
banding
barrette
Basal Heave
base failure
basement
battered pilebeambearing capacity
bearing pile
bearing pressure
Bearing Pressure, Allowable
Bearing Pressure, Design
Bearing Surface
Bearing Wallbedrock
Bell
belled anchor
belled caisson
bendingbending momentbentonite
bermBevel Weld
blast, to
bleed
Bleeding
Bleeding Creosote
blocking
Blockoutblow count
blow counter
Blow Out of Pile
Blowing
bog
Boiling
boiling of sand
BollardboltBondBond Length
bond strength
Bongossi
Bonnetboom
bore, boring
bored pile
borehole diameter
Boring
borrow material
Bottom Brace
bottom heave
boulder
boulder clay
Bounce Chamber Pressure
Box Lead
Box Pile
BPbrace
Brace Pile
braced excavation
bracing
Bracket Pile
breaking stressbreast wall
Brooming
Bruns Pile
buckling
building
building code, building-by-law
building site
bulb of stress
bulk filing
bulkhead
bulldozer
Bulls Liver
buoyancy
buoyant unit weight
butt-end
Button-Bottom Pile
buttress, to
Butt-Welding
cage
Building Settlement Point - see Settlement Point
CAGIcaisson
Caisson Hammer
Caisson PileCaisson Weights
calibration
Calling the Pile
Can Lead
Cant Hook
cantilever
cantilever sheet piles
Cap and Plumb Post
Cap Block
Cap Material
Capacity
Capacity Modification Factor
Capacity, GeotechnicalCapacity, Lateral
Capacity, StructuralCapacity, Tension
Capblockcapillarity
CAPWAP
case history
Case Method
cased borehole
casing
Casing Blows
Casing Twister
casing, casing pipe
Capacity, Bearing or Geotechnical Capacity
cast in situ concrete diaphragm wall
cast-in-place pile, cast-in-situ pile
Cat Head
CatamarancathodeCathodic Protection
Caudill Drive Point Pile
cavitycccellular cofferdam
Cement Bentonite
cement grout
centralizer
centrifuge
cfmCGSchamberChampion Splicer
charges (explosives)
chemical grouting
chemical properties
Chicago CaissonChill Ring
characteristic internal anchor resistance
chisel
Chock
chopping bit
Chuck Lead
Churn Drill
CIMA
Circulation
Clamshell Bucket
clay
Clay CutterCleaning bucket
Cleat
Closed Specification
closely graded soil
coarse grainedCoarse-Grained Soil
Circular-Type Cellular Cofferdam
clients technical representative
cobble
Cobi Mandrel
coefficient of earth pressure
Coefficient of Restitution (e)
cofferdam
cohesion
Cohesionless Soil
cohesionless, non-cohesive
Cold Joint
colloidColluvium
column
Combustion Delay
compact, to
compactabilityCompacted Concrete Pile
Compaction
compaction grouting
compaction pile
composite pile
Compound Batter PileCompound Inclination Pile
compressed air
compression
Compression Leads
compression pile
Compression Stroke
compression wave
compressor
concentrated load
concrete (reinforced)
Concrete Batching
Concrete Cover
concrete pile
concrete placing
concreting pipe
cone penetrometer
Cone Penetrometer Testconfined compression test
Computer Wave Equation Program
conglomerateConsecutive PanelconsolidateConsolidation
constant loading rate
contact grouting
contact pressure
Contact Sheeting
containerContiguous bored pile walls
Contraction Joint
contractorcontrolled blasting
conveyor
core
cored pile
constant rate of penetration test
Continuous flight auger pile (CFA pile)
Convertible Diesel Pile Hammer
Coring
Corner Panel
couplercover (concrete)
CPMCPTCPTU
crackCradle, Hammer
creepcreep limit
creosoted wood piles
Crew, Pile
Crib
crib wall
critical creep load
Cross Head
Crowd
Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL)
CRPCruciform Barrette
crushed stone, crushed rock
CSLCuneiform Pile
curtain (watertight lateral)
Curtain Wall
Cushion
Cushion Blocks
Cushion, Pile
cushioning
cut
Cut Off
Cut-Off Elevationcut-off wall
cutting ring
Cutting Shoe
Cyclone
cylinder
Cylinder Lift
dam
Damping Factor
Dap
datum load
deadloaddeadman
decay time
decomposed rock
decompressionDecrementation
deep foundation
Deep Soil Mixing
deflection
deformation
degree of compaction
degree of saturation
delay
Density
Density Index
density, unit weight
depositDepth of Fixity
depth of foundation
depth of penetration
Desander
Desanding Plant
Desiccationdesiccationdesign
Design Drawing
Design Engineering Firm
design load
details
deteriorationdetonation
Deviationdevicedewatering
DFI
diaphragm
Diaphragm Wall
Diesel Hammer
Diesel Hammer, Closed-End
Diesel Hammer, Open-End
Diesel I Program
Dieseling
differential settlement
Differential-Acting Hammer
DikeDipdip (geol.)
Direct Circulation
Direct Circulation Drill
disintegration
displacement
Diaphragm-Type Cellular Cofferdam
Displacement Amplitude (So)
displacement grouting
displacement pile
distributed load
disturbed sample
diversion
dockDock Builder
Dog-Leg Pile
Dolly
dolphin
Doodle or Dummy Hole
Double Sheets
double wall cofferdam
DJMM - Dry Jet Mixing Method
DMM -Deep Mixing Method or DSMM -Deep Soil Mixing Method
Double-Acting Diesel Hammer
Double-Acting Hammer
Dowel
Down Hole Hammer
Downdrag
drag
dragline
Dragload
Drainage Chase
drawdown
dredgeDredging
Drift
drift
Drift Bolt
Drift Pitdrill
drill hole
Drilled Pier
Drilled PileDrilled Shaft
Drilled-In-Caisson
drilled-in-pile
Driller's Stroke
drillingDrilling Bucket
drilling fliud/mud
drilling fluid
drilling mud
drilling rig
driveDrive CapDrive Cap Insertdrive shoe
drive tube
DriveabilityDrive-Fit Sleeve
driven pile
driving
Driving Capacity(Fd)
Driving Criteria
Driving FormulaDriving Frequency (ƒd)
Driving HeadDriving Log
Driving Pointdriving record
driving resistance
driving test
drop hammer
dry density, dry unit weight
Dry Sampling
dry weight
Drypack
Dry-processed Method
ductility
Duplex Drilling
durabilityDutch Block
Dutch Cone
Dutch Leaders
dykeDynamic Compaction
Dynamic Force
Dynamic Formula
dynamic load test
dynamic loading
Dynamic Mass (mdyn)
Dynamic method of analysis
Dynamic Pile Monitoring
Dynamic Pile Test
dynamic sounding, - driving
dynamic test
Earth Anchors
Earth Auger
earth pressure
eccentric loading
Eccentric Moment (Me)
eccentricityeffective pressure
EICEITElastic Deformation
elastic strain
elasticity modulus
electrodeelectro-osmosisElevation
embankment
embed, to
Embedment
encapsulation
Encasement
End BearingEnd ClosureEnd Resistance
End Stop (Pipe)
End Stop Extractor
end-bearing pile
energy loss
Energy, Impact
Energy, Rated
Energy, Transferred
engineeringEngineering Geologist
engineering geology
Engineering News Formula def. 1Engineering News Formula def. 2
Enlarged Base
enlarged base
entrapped air
epoxyEpoxy Grout
equilibriumequipment
European Lead
evaporationexcavated materialexcavation
excavatorexcess hydrostatic pressure
Exhaust Ports
Expanded BaseExpanded Pile
Expansive Soil
explosiveExplosive Force
Extension, Helical
Extensometer
external anchor resistance
extraction
Extractor
factor of safety
Factored load
Factored resistance
failurefailure load
Failure of a Pile Foundation
failure surface
False Pile
false set
Falsework
Factored Bearing Capacity (of a foundation unit)
Factored Soil-strength Parameter
fascine
fault, faulting
Faying Surface
Fender
Fender Cap
Fender Pile
Fender System
FGSFHWAfill, filling
filler
filling
filterFilter Cake
Filter Press
Filtrate Loss
Final Blow Count
Final Set
fines
finite element method
firm bottom
Fish PlatesFish Tail Bit
Fish Tails
fissure grouting
fixed anchor length
fixed end moment
flexible foundation
flexural strength
Floating Pile Driverfloating pile foundation
flocculent
floor
flotation
flow
flow net
Flowable Fill
Flowline
Fluid Power
fly ash
Flying Hammer
foliation
Follow Block or Cap
follower
Foot of a PileFooterfooting
Foot-Pound Blow
Fore Batter
Foreman, Pileformation
foundation
Foundation (Lifting) Bracket
Foundation Pile
Fluidifier (and/or Grout Fluidifier)
Foundation Unit
Foundation Unit, Deep
fractureframeFranki Pile
free anchor length
Free-Hanging HammerFreezeFrench Drain
frequency
fresh waterfriable rockfriction
friction pile
Friction/End-Bearing Pile
frostFrost Line
Frost Action
frost heave
Frost-susceptible Soil
G.C.gate
gauge, gage
Gel Geocomb
Geofoam
geologygeophysical exploration
Geotechnical Engineer
geotechniqueGIGibs
Gins or Gin Pole
GIR
girder
Girts
glacial deposit
glacial outwash
Glacial Till
Glut
G-mandrel
Go Devil
Go-For / Gopher
Gow Caisson
gpm or gph or gpd
GPRGrab gradation
Grade
grader
grain shape
grain size
gravel
gravity grouting
gravity hammer
Greenheart
GridGrillage
grillage footing
grind
Grit
Groin, Groyne
Ground Freezing
ground levelGround Modification
ground surface
Ground Vibration
groundwater
Groundwater Table
Groundwater, Artesian
group actionGrout
grout curtain
Grout Factor
Grout Head
Grout Return
grout, to
Grouted Piles
grouting
grouting pressure
Grouting, Foundation
Guard PileGuides
guide-walls
Gumbo
Guy
Guy Derrick
Hairpin
Hairpin Lead
hammer
Hammer Cage
Hammer Cushion
Hammer Efficiency
Hammer Energy
Hammer Grab
Hammer Line
Hammer Speed
Hammer Uplift
Hand SpikeHanging Leads
Hard-Bitehardpan
hauling equipment
hazard
H-Beam
H-Beam Lead
Head
Head Block
headwall
heat of hydration
heave
Helical Anchor
Helical Anchorage
helical auger
Helical Binders
Helical Foundation
Helical Foundation System
Helical Pile
Helical Pulldown™ Micropile
Helical Screw Anchor
Helical Shell
HeliCAP®
Helix
Helix Screw PileHelmet
heterogeneous
Hiley Formula
Hoisting Engine
Hollow-Stem Auger
Home, Pile
homogeneous
horizontal earth pressure
Hospital Side
H-pile
Hydraulic Collapse
Hydraulic Conductivity
hydraulic fill
Hydraulic Grab
Hydraulic Hammer
hydrologyHydromill Excavator
Hydrostatic Pore Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure
IBCICE
High Strain Dynamic Testing Method
hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic fracture, claquage grouting)
ice and snowIce Segregation
impactImpact Atomization
Impact Block
Impact Blow
Impact Force
Impact Velocity
Impedance
Impermeable
impervious
impervious blanket
Impulse Response Test
Impulse-Echo Test
Inclined Pile
Inclinometer
Incrementation
index
Indicator Pile
indurated
inelastic deformation
infiltration
Inflecture PointInfluence line
initial setInjection Atomization
Inkwellinlet
Inlet Port
Inlet Pressure
inorganic soil
Insert
InSituInsitu Pile
in-situ strength
in-situ test
inspectionInspector, Pile
Instrumentation
instrumentation
Instrumented pile load test
intact rockintegrity test
intergranular
interlocks of steel sheet piling
internal friction
Internal Hammer
Internal Waler
Interpileinvert
investigation test
jackJack Test
jacked piles
Jacking
jacking equipment
Jaws
jet
Jet Grouting
jetted pile
Jetting
Jetty
joint
joint pattern
J-SideJ-Tipkarst
Kelly Bar
Kentledge
KeyKicker
KilonewtonKing Pile
King Post
Kip
Koden Drilling Monitor
Lace
Lacing
Lagged Pile
lagging
Lags
Laitance
land
landslide
Large Diameter Pilelateral forces
Lateral Loadlateral pressure
lateral support
layerleach
Lateral Pressure (load), Allowable
Lead Column
Lead Rails
Lead, Cardonic
Lead, Helical
LeadersLeading Edge
Leads
Leads, Extended
Leads, FixedLeads, Free-Hanging
Leads, Semifixed
Leads, Swinging
Leads, Three-WayLeads, Underhung
Leads, Vertical-Travel
leakage
Lean Concrete
levee
lever armLifting Sling
lightweight aggregate
Lightweight Fill
lime, limestone
Limerock
limit analysis
Line Oiler
liner
Liner Wall
lining
Liquefaction
liquefaction failure
liquidliquid limitliquidity indexlive load
loadload bearing element
load factor
load gauge
load increment
load carrying capacity, - bearing capacity
load loss limit
Load Modification Factor
load test, loading test
Load, Allowable
Load, AppliedLoad, Service
loader
loading and unloading
loading frame
Loading Test
Load-movement curve
load-settlement curve
loam
locklock off load
Lock Seam
loess
Lofting
Loftsman
log
loose
Louver
Low Displacement Pile
Low heat concrete
Low Mobility Grouting (LMG)
Low Strain Integrity Test
LRFDlubricate
Lubricator
M L T
made ground
maintained load test
Make-Up-Pile
Mandrel
Man-made Obstruction
mantel, sleeve
Marine Borer
marine depositmark, bench mark
marlmarshMarsh Funnel
mass concrete
Mast Leadmat foundation/footing, raft
Mats
McDermid Plate
Mean Low Water
measurementmembranemesh
Michigan Tests
micro pile
micropile joint
Milan MethodmineralMini-pilesmixed-in-place
mixer
Mixing Plant
mobile equipment
modulus of elasticity
modulus of subgrade reaction
moistmoisture contentmoment of inertia
monkey
Monkey Stick
Monotube
Montee Caisson
Montmorillonite
Moonbeam
Mooring Pile
moraine
mortarMotive Fluid
mottled
Muck
Muck BucketMud Balance
Mud LineMud Mat
Mud Wall
mud, muck
MudcakeMudding-In
mudjacking
mudwavemultibench blasting
Multi-Hhelix Anchor
multi-row blasting
multi-stage grouting
multistory building
N Value, SPT Value
Necking
Needle Beam
Needle Gauge
Needle Piles
Negative Batter
Negative Inclination
negative pore water pressure
Negative shaft resistance
negative skin friction
Net Settlement
Neutral Plane
New Construction Bracket
nippleNominal Axial Load
natural water content, moisture content
nondestructive tests
non-displacement grouting
Non-Displacement Piles
normally consolidated
NRMCANSGCSANUCAobservation well
Offshore Lead
Oiler
Omega Piles
One Bag Mix
open caissonopen cut
Orange Peel Bucket
Order Lengths
organic matter
Oriented Core
oscillator
Oslo Point
osmosisOsterberg cell test
outcrop (geol.)
outwash plain
over excavationoverbreak
overburden
Over-cast length
overconsolidated
Overdriving
Overhead LeadsoverloadOver-pour
overstress
Overtake
p.s.i.g.
Padpanel
Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR)
Pants, Hammer
Parallelogram Brace
particle size
Particle Velocity
passive earth pressure
PCAPCSAPDA
PDCApea gravel
peak shear strength
peat
Peavy
pebble
Pedestal Pile
Peeled
Pendulum Leadspenetration grouting
Parallel Seismic Test
penetration record
penetration resistance
penetration test
Penetration, Gross
Penetration, Minimum
Penetration, Net
penetrometer
Pennypercentage by weight
perched water table
percolation
Percussion boring/drilling
Performance Factor
permafrost
permanent anchor
permeability
pH
phreatic line, - surface
Pier
pier footing
piezometer
piezometric head
piezometric surface
Pig
pile
pile (driving) frame
pile bearing capacity
Pile Bent
Pile BuckPile BulkheadPile Butt
permeation (impregnation) grouting
pile cap
Pile Clamps
Pile Cluster
Pile Cushion
Pile Cut-Off
Pile Driver
pile driving
Pile Driving AnalyzerPile Driving Cappile driving formula
pile driving resistance
Pile Encasement
pile extraction
Pile Extractor
Pile FallPile Formula
pile foundation
Pile FramePile Gate
pile grouppile hammer
Pile Hammer, Automatic
Pile Hammer, Semi-Automatic
Pile HeadPile HeavePile Impedance
Pile Installation RecorderPile Joint
Pile Line
pile loading test
Pile LogPile Master Pile Monkey
Pile Penetration
Pile PointPile RefusalPile RigPile ShaftPile Shoe
Pile Splicer
Pile Sweep
Pile Take UpPile Template
Pile Toe
Pile toe grouting Pile Top RigPile, Cast-In-Place Concrete
Pile, Timber
Pile-raft Foundation
Piling Contractor
Pin Pile
pipePipe Extractor Pipe PilePipe Sleeve
pipeline
piping
Piston
piston sampler
pit
PIT (Pile Integrity Tester)
pit run materials
Pitch Opening
Pitching the Pile
plane of weakness
plane strain
plastic concrete
plastic concrete wall
plastic deformation
plastic limit
plastic soilplasticity
plasticity index
plug
Plumb Pilepneumatic caisson
Pogo Stickpoint bearing pile
point load
Point of Fixitypoint resistance
Poisson's ratio
polymerPolymer Slurry
plate bearing test, plate loading test
polymer-based slurry
pondPony Beam
Pony Leadspoorly graded, - sorted
Porcupine Plate
Pore Pressure
pore pressure dissipation
Pore Pressure, Artesian
Pore Pressure, Hydrostaticpore water pressure
porosityPositive BatterPost-tensioned Panel
Post-tensioning
power augers
Power Pack
Practical Refusal
Pore Pressure Elevation, Phreatic
precast concrete
Precast Pile
Precast Segmental Pile
Precast Slurry Wall
precompressionpre-consolidationpreconsolidation pressure
Pre-Excavation
prefabrication
PrefiringPreignition
preliminary investigation
preliminary micropile
preliminary pile
pre-loading
prepacked pile
preservation
Preaugering, Preboring or Predrilling
precast concrete diaphragm wall
presplitting
pressurepressure at rest
pressure bulb
pressure gauge
Pressure GroutingPressure Head
Pressure Injected FootingPressure Meter
Pressure -Treated Pile
prestress
Prestressed Pile
Prestressing
Pretensioning
primary consolidation
Primary Drive Cap
Primary Panel Probe pileProduction Pile
Pretensioned Spun Concrete Pile
Production, Piles
project
proof loadprop
protectionprotective coatings
Protector Pruyn Pointpsi, psfPTIpuddle-clayPuddling
Pull Out Resistancepulling test
pumppumped concrete
pumping test
Quake
qualification test
quality control
quarryquartzquayquay wallquick conditionquick limeQuick Test
quicksand
R
Rabbit
Racking Hammer
raft foundation
Rail Pile
railroadRailroad Pile Driver
Raker
Raker PointRaking PileRam
Ram point
rammer
Range Pile
Rangerrapid drawdown
Rat Hole rate indicator
rate of loading
Rated SpeedRaymond Step-Tapered Pile
RCD
Reaction Pilereamed
Reamer
Rebar CageRebound
rebound curve
recharge
recompression
recovery
Rectangular Cofferdam
rectangular footing
reference point
Refusal
Regrout Tube
reinforced concrete pile
reinforced earthreinforced slurry wall
Reinforcement
relative densityrelaxation
relief well
repetitive loading
Residual Soil
residual stress
resinResistance
Resistance Factor
Resistance, Shaft
Resistance, Toe
Resistance, Ultimate
resisting moment
resonant frequency
Re-strike a Pile
retaining wall
retarding agentReverse Circulation
Reverse Circulation Drill
Reverse Head
Rider Cap
Resistance Modification Factor
Rigrigid foundation
rigid wall
riprap
rock
rock anchor
rock bolts
Rock Point
Rock ShoeRock Socket
rockfill
rodRope Suspended LeadRotary Boring
Rotary Drill
Rotary Drill Rig
rotary drilling
rotary-percussive drilling
rotationrow of piles
runoff
Rock Quality Designation (RQD)
ruptureSaddle
safe load
safety factor
Safety Margin
Salt Hay
saltssample
sampling disturbance
sampling spoon
sampling tube
sand
Sand BraceSand Cone
Sand Content
Sand Drains
sand drains
sand pilesaturated soilSaximeter
SBC
scalescarifier
scarpScope of Work
scour, subsurface erosion
scraper
screen
Screw Anchorscrew pile
sea level
sea wall
seal
seasonal effect
Secant PileSecant Pile Wall
secondary compression
Secondary Panel
sectionsedimentary rock
sediments
seepage
seepage flow
segregation
seismic design
Seismic Exploration
seismic velocity
Seismograph
seismometer
self hardening slurry
self weightSelf-compacting concrete
Self-consolidating concrete
sensitive clay
Sensitivitysensor
sequence of strata
Set
setting (materials)
settlement
settlement analysis
settlement curve
settlement measurement
settlement plate
Settlement Point
Settlement, GrossSettlement, NetSet-upsewer
Shackle
shaftshaft diameter
Shaft grouting
Shaft Resistance
Shaft Resistance, Negative
Shaft Resistance, Positive
shaleshallow cut
shallow foundation
shear forceshear stress
shear test
shearing strength, shear
Sheave Head AssemblySheet Pile
sheet pile bulkhead
sheet pile cut-off
sheet pile wall
sheeting
ShellShelling Up
ShieldShipworm
Shoe Plates
Shook Out
Shop Drawing
shoring
shotcrete
Shoulder Pipeshovelshrinkage
Side Batter
Side Channels
side friction
Side GuidesSieve
sieve analysis
Sight-Feed Lubricator
Silent Sheet Pile
silicasilt
siltation
Single-Acting Diesel Hammer
Single-Acting Hammer
site
Site Conditions
site investigation
Skew BatterSkid Rig
skin friction
Skin Friction, Negative
Skin Friction, Positive
Skirt, Hammer
slabSlaking
slate
Sleeve, Pipe, Inside
Sleeve, Pipe, Outside
slickensideslide
Slide Pile
Slinging HoleslipSlip Layer
slip surface
slope
slope failure
Slope Indicator Tube
slope protection
slotSlow Test
SLSSludge
Slump, Slump Test
slurry
Slurry Displacement Method
Slurry Specialist
Slurry Trench
slurry trench wall
slurry wall
Soak-sensitive Soil
Socket
Socketed Pier or Pilesoft soil
Soil
Soil Anchor
Soil Boring
Soil Boring Log
soil cement
soil characteristics
Soil Damping Soil Damping Parameter
Soil Engineersoil exploration
Soil Fill Soil Investigation
soil mechanics
Soil Mixing
soil moisture
Soil Nail
Soil Nail Wall
Soil Nailing
soil particle
Soil Plugsoil profileSoil Resistance to Driving (SRD)
Soil Resistance to Vibratory Driving (SRVD)
Soil Sampler
Soil Screw™
soil stabilization
soldier beams
soldier beams and lagging
Soldier Pile
Solid Densitysonic coring
Sonic Driver
Sonic loggingsonic test
sounding
spacer
spacingspanspecific gravity
specification
Soldier Beam and Tremie Concrete Panel
specimenSpiderSpileSpiral Weld Pipe
Splice
Spliced Pile
split spoon
Spoil
Spoon Blows
spoon sample
Spotterspread footing/foundation
Spreader Barsspring
Spring Fender
SPTSpud
Spud Clip
Spud Lead
Spudding
Spun Pile
Spur DikeSpur Pile
Stabbing Points, Leads
stabilityStabilizing Fluidstable suspension
stage construction
Staking Out
stanchion
Standard Penetration Teststandards
standpipe
static load test
static loading test
Static pile load test
static pile test
Statnamic Testing
Staylathing
steam hammer
Steam LeadsteelSteel H-Pile
steel pileSteel Pipe Pile
Step-Tapered Pile
Stiffeners, Web
stiff-fissured clay
stiffnessStingerstirrupsstoneStone Columns
Stop End Joint StopeStoppers
strain
strain gauge, -- gage
Strappingstratumstrength
stress
stress concentration
stress distribution
Stress, EffectiveStressing Length
stress-stain curve
Strike
Striker Plate
String LineStringer
strip foundation
Strokestructural damage
structure
Strut
strut
subgrade
submerged unit weight
subsidence
subsoilsubsoil exploration
subsurface
Sub-surface Setttlement Point
suctionsuitability testsump
Sump Pump
support
supporting fluid
surcharge
Surcharge Force (Fo)
surface force
Surface Settlement Pointsurface wavesurvey
Surveyor
suspensionSwage Pile
Swinging LeadsSwivel Leadssystem testT.A.M.Tack
Tangent Pile Wall
tank (container)Taper Pile (steel)
TaperTube Piles
Tapette
Telescope Lead
Telltale
temperaturetemporary anchor
Taywood Sheet Pile Driver-Extractor
Temporary Wall
tendon
tendon bond length
tendon free length
Tenon
tensile forcetensile strength
tensile stress
tensionTension Capacitytension crack
Tension Piletension piletension steelTeredo
Termination Criterion
terrace deposits
testTest Boringstest loadTest Loadingtest micropile
test pile
Test Pit
test procedure
testing machine
Texas Quick Load Pile Testtexture
Theoretical Power (Pt)theorythermal properties
Thin Wall Shell Pile
thin wall tube sampler
thixotropy
ThreadThrottle Valve
tidestie-back
Tieback Trumpet
Tiedowntie-rod
tight
till
Tilt Meter
tiltmetertimber pile
time-settlement curve
tip of the pile
ToeToe Elevationtoe failure
Toe Grouting
Toe ResistanceTolerance
Top BlockTop HeadTop ManTop Platetop soilTop-down Method
Torque
Torque Correlation
torsionTotal Stress Analysis
TPT Pile
Training Wall
transducer
Transferred energy
transition zoneTremie
tremie concrete
Tremie PipeTremie Plug
trenchTrench CutterTrepan
Trestle
trial micropile
trial pileTriangular Leadtriangular load distribution
triaxial apparatus
triaxial cell
triaxial compression test
Tricone
Trip
Truss Leads
TTI Program
Tube Piletube-à-manchettes
two-way slab
U LeadUBCULS
ultimate bearing resistance
Ultimate Bearing Value of Pile
Ultimate Limit States Design
ultimate load
Ultimate Bearing Value of Pile Foundation
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)
Unbalanced Force (Fv)
Uncased Concrete Pile
Under the Roof methodunderdrain
underground
underpinning
Under-Ream
underreamed pile
underseepage
underwaterUnderwater Driving
undisturbed sample
undrained shear strength
uniaxial compression
unified soil classification
uniformity coefficient
unconfined compression strength
unconsolidated-undrained test (quick test)
uniformly graded soil
unit weight
Updown Method
uplift
Uplift Capacity
uplift pilesuplift pressure
USDOTvacuum
vane apparatus
Vane Shear Test
varved clayVertical Earth Boring Machine
Vertical Travel Leadsvibrating extensometers
Vibrating wire strain gauge
vibrationVibratory Driver/Extractors
Vibratory Hammervibratory pile driving
Vibro-compaction
Vibro-driveability (Vp)
vibroflotation
virgin compression curve
viscosityvisual inspection
void
void ratio
volcanovolumevolume change
Wakefield Pile
wale
wall friction
Wall ThicknessWash Boring
wash waterwashboring
water content
Water Jet
Water Table
water table fluctuation
water-bearingwater-cement ratio
waterlevel
watertight
Watertight Wall
waveWave Equation
wave length
Wave Speed
Wave Trace
wave velocity
Waysweak soil
WEAP
weathering
wedgewedging
Water to Cementitious Materials Ratio
weephole
weight losswellwell casing
well point
well screen
wet-processed method
WFEO
Wharf
wharf structures
Wick Drain
Wide Flange
Wings
woodwood pilewood preservates
workability
working levelWorking Load
WMM -Wet Mixing Method or WSMM -Wet Soil Mixing Method
working micropile
working pile
x-raysyield
yield point
yield stress
Young's modulus
zero pointzinczone of capillary saturation
zone of plastic flow of soil
zone of seepage
zone of swelling
DEFINITIONAbbreviation for Architect/Engineer or vice versa.American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
American Concrete Institute.See Augered, Cast-in-Place Pile
The nearest piles to a given pile or location
American General Contractors Association
Structural steel fabrication or iron casting placed in a pile helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile. Also called filler or insert.
The adhesion of soil to a foundation unit resulting from the freezing of soil water. Also referred to as "frost grip."
The International Association of Foundation Drilling - Formerly the Association of Drilled Shaft ContractorsWater bound to soil particles because of the attraction between electrical charges existing on soil particle surface and (dipole) water molecules.
Trade name for a tapered steel unit for connecting pipe piles by driven friction.Soil mainly composed of silt-sized particles of wind blown deposits. See also Loess, which is aeolian soil.ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations. Engineering Organization consisted of ten national professional engineering organisation from ten ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries
1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or batter leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural member used in bracing. See sketches in DFI Glossary of Terms Appendix B.
Colloquial term for driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is inclined toward the crane. Same as Negative Batter. See also Inclined Pile
Device use to control internal pressure of Pneumatic caissons. The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as air intake and exhaust ports.
A sedimentary soil deposit that has been transported by water.
The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as both air intake and air exhaust ports.Impact pile driver powered by compressed air or steam; action of machine may be single, double, differential or compound.Device for lifting slurry, suspended solids and drill cuttings from the bottom of a bentonite or polymer slurry-filled excavation for a trench, coffer dam cell or drilled shaft. Usually, compressed air is introduced into the slurry at the bottom of the excavation via a small pipe inside a larger pipe. The upward airflow inside the larger pipe reduces slurry density. The higher density of the surrounding slurry causes an upward flow inside the larger pipe that tends to lift material from the bottom of the excavation.
The maximum load permitted, considering structural strength, bearing capacity, horizontal movement, code requirements, or measured settlement in a load test.
Mechanical device used to transfer load (tension or compression) from a superstructure to supporting soil/rock
1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached . See also Deadman. 2. Piles constructed near test pile to anchor jacking beam (See also Reaction Pile).
American Petroleum Institute.
A soil layer that carrries water.
American Society of Civil Engineers.American Society of Foundation Engineers.American Society for Testing and Materials.
A part fitted to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the hammer in the leads. Also called Side Guides, Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws, Ways.Value used in soil analysis approximately equal to the angle formed by a naturally occurring pile of cohesionless soil.
An irregular response or unexpected signals detected by non-destructive testing.1. The part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which transmits the blow of the ram to the pile or to the drive cap (also called Impact Block). 2. Steel plate on top of cushion material in drive cap which impact block strikes. Also called Anvil Block, Penny, Striker Plate or Top Plate. See Sketches in Appendix A.
A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural member used in bracing.
The amount by which water pressure in an aquifer that causes water to rise above the normal groundwater table or the ground surface.
Subsurface water with sufficient pressure (head) to raise the water in a well or pipe above the normal groundwater table or ground surface.
A proprietary name for an augered, cast-in-place (ACIP) pile
A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel injected and trapped between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact of the ram on the impact block. The hammer normally will have a time delay between impact and combustion.
A type of diesel fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel is atomized by an injector. Combustion will normally occur prior to impact.
The liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index for soil. The water content where the soil behavior changes from the semi-liquid to the plastic state is the liquid limit and from the plastic to the semi-solid state is the plastic limit. Plasticity index is the numerical difference between liquid limit and plastic limit and is the range of water content within which the soil behaves as a plastic. For test method, see ASTM D4318.
1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top and a cutting head on the bottom, designed to bore holes in the earth by drilling, either with or without the supplementary use of water. 2. A hand operated soil sampler.
Sections of a continous flight auger "quick-coupled" together to form a continous auger. See Continous Flight Auger
The point at which auger advance ceases, or slows to a predetermined rate due to the strength of the soil or rock being drilled.
ACIP piles are constructed by rotating a continuous-flight, hollow-stem auger into the ground to the specified bearing depth, or until the refusal criteria are reached. Fluid grout is then pumped, under pressure, through the hollow stem and out of a port on the bit, as the auger is withdrawn in such a way as to exert a positive grout pressure on the soil surrounding the drilled hole. ACIP piles may be referred to by several other names, some of which are proprietary or used by specific contractors. Some common names are auger cast, Auger Pressure Grouted (APG), continuous flight auger (CFA), Augerpile, augered grout injected, augered uncased, and uncased cast-in-place.
Electronic device to automatically record augered, cast-in-place pile installation data during drilling and grouting.
American Welding Society.
See Bottom Heave
Colloquial term for a pile installed on an incline. See Inclined Pile
American Wood Preservers' Association - Primary standards writing body for pressure treatment of wood, including pressure-treated timber piling. American Wood Preservers Institute provides technical assistance and use specifications. American Wood Preservers Bureau is concerned with quality control of pressure treated wood.
Soil material placed into a space that has been excavated, such as against structures and in pipe trenches, and in foundations.
Steel ring placed on inside of pipe to back-up a butt or bevel weld. Also called Chill Ring.
Wrapping timber piles with high-tensile steel bands to prevent splitting while driving. Also called Strapping.Cast-in-place concrete foundation element that may be reinforced, which is constructed in various plan configurations (I, H, L, X shapes) and intended to primarily carry vertical loads. Also called load-bearing element.
The maximum load a pile can sustain by soil/rock resistance at the bottom of the pile. For shallow foundations, it is the capacity of the soil/rock to carry load without excessive deformation.A supporting pile for a structure that can be of wood, concrete or steel in any number of shapes and whose bearing is reached by toe or end bearing, friction, or friction and compaction, or a combination. See End Bearing Pile
The maximum pressure that may be safely applied to a soil or rock by the foundation unit considered in design under expected loading and subsurface conditions.The pressure applied to a soil or rock by a foundation unit; it is equal to or smaller than the allowable bearing pressure.
A wall that supports vertical load, as floors or roof.Solid rock as distinguished from boulders or layers.
An area enlarged around a soil anchor for added grout and resistance.
A large-diameter drilled shaft with an enlarged base. See also Caisson
Sloping surface of soil providing lateral support to wall.
Device to form a recess or apperture in a poured concrete wall.
The contact surface between a foundation unit and the soil or rock upon which it bears.
Enlargement of the lower end of an augered or drilled pile, shaft or caisson to increase its bearing area. Also called Under-ream.
Sodium montmorillonite, a mineral clay. A highly compressible colloidal clay which, when introduced into certain soils, reduces their permeability. 1. Introduced in pellet form and tamped into place to restrict water seepage. 2. Suspended in water to form a slurry, Bentonite Slurry, helps to prevent earth from falling into an augered hole or excavated trench. 3. Provides viscosity to suspend cuttings and helps seal walls of borings.
Butt weld where pieces to be joined have one or both edges beveled, because material is too thick for electrode to penetrate for a required weld.
One form of segregation in concrete. A process that occurs in plastic-state concrete after placing - Bleeding involves rising up of excess water in the concrete mix to the top surface of the concrete. Excessive bleeding can cause high permeability and hig
The creosote, as on a pile surface, that resembles fresh paint which has been poured rather than brushed. On hot days creosote will "bleed" out of the pile.
1. The observed blows of the pile hammer per increment of pile penetration. 2. Blows on soil sampler in standard penetration test. See also N Value, and Penetration Resistance.
A post on a dock to take a ship's mooring lines.
Adhesion of concrete to reinforcing steel.
See Drive Cap
The person who monitors the number of the hammer blows for each increment of pile advance.A method of removal of the soil(s) from the interior of open-ended piles. See also "Airlift"Upward movement of soil material in the base of a cofferdam or excavation because of groundwater pressure; normally associated with insufficient toe penetration of sheeting. Also called Blowout, Boiling, Piping.
Soft, wet land underlain by decayed moss and vegetable matter and covered with grass and vegetation.See Blowing - Upward movement of soil material in the base of a cofferdam or excavation because of groundwater pressure; normally associated with insufficient toe penetration of sheeting. Also called Blowout, Blowing, Piping.
Length of a tieback, tiedown or a minipile that transmits the applied load to the surrounding soil or rock.
An African hard wood utilized as a hammer cushion. Often used on offshore hammers.
A deep foundation that is constructed by methods other than driving. Also known as a pile, drilled shaft, caisson, or cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) pile.
1. A hole in the earth produced by various methods. 2. The method of exploring subsurface conditions by drilling or otherwise advancing a cased or uncased hole into the earth. Frequently, soil or rock samples are extracted from the boring for classifica
Soil or rock material obtained from off site for use as fill on a construction project.
Upward movement of soil in the base of a large excavation.
Former designation for H-pile; now called HP.
1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads o
A rock with a diameter that is greater than 200 mm (International Standard) or 300 mm (ASTM D422)
The pressure in the air compressed by the upward moving piston of a closed-end double acting diesel pile hammer.Lead which is configured in the shape of a "U" with guiding rails for hammer in open portion of the "U." Also called Steam Lead, "U" Lead. See sketches, Appendix B.A pile made from two deep-arch sheet piles, channels or other structural steel shapes, welded along their contact lines. The box pile may be driven open or closed ended and filled with concrete or left empty.
1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane's rotating upper housing, and used to position or incline the leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used
An inclined pile connected to a structure in such a way as to resist lateral forces.
A system of horizontal and/or inclined structural members fastened to the piles of a bent, group or row to increase stability by resisting or distributing lateral forces to the structure. Bracing is used extensively in trenches and sheet-pile cofferdams
A vertical steel pile with a horizontal steel beam welded near the top of the pile. These piles are typically used in underpinning applications.
A wall built against a bank of earth or rock to prevent it from falling. See also Rip Rap - Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion.The separation of fibers at the butt or tip of a wood pile caused generally by excessive or improper driving, or timber of unsuitable quality. Can be controlled through the use of a pile banding ring, driving cap with cushion blocks and a metal shoe for
Trade name for a concrete pile precast with short pieces of pipe at ends for adding lengths with a tapered drive splicer.
See Settlement Point
Guide and regulations for design and construction of buildings and their supports.
A work constucted along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or masonry walls supplemented with treated timber, steel of reinforced concrete sheet piling driven int the beach and strengthened by wales and guide and brace piles. Intended as a
An inorganic silt of slight plasticity; quakes like jelly when subjected to vibration.
Trade name for a precast concrete tip about 17 in. diameter driven with a 14 in. heavy wall pipe. For a cased pile a corrugated shell is lowered and fastened to the base and the pipe withdrawn. For an uncased pile concrete is forced out the bottom as th
Welding two adjoining corresponding surfaces by setting them in a common place in exact position to each other while assuring that their common axis is in a straight line. See also Bevel Butt Weld1. Reinforcing bars preassembled for quick placing in a pile or excavated slurry-wall trench. 2. See Hairpin Lead - A structure in which a pile hammer is mounted to adapt it to box leads with rails spaced wider than the hammer width.Offshore Leads - A pi
Compressed Air and Gas Institute
See Caisson
Originally a large structural chamber utilized to keep soil and water from entering into a deep excavation or construction area. Caissons may be prefabricated and installed by being sunk in place by adding weight and by systematically excaving below the
A gravity hammer which is mounted on top of a caisson and which contains a cushioning system and a rudimentary lead. Also called Tapette.
Steel ingots or concrete blocks used to help sink a caisson. Also used as reaction weights for test loading - load-test weights. See also Kentledge
Indicating that a pile has reached specified penetration and/or blow count - that the pile is "home."See Offshore Lead - A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. The pile is usually sup
The opposite of its name - a wood handled tool with a hinged hook near the bottom for turning piles or timbers. See also Peavy.
Used with deteriorated pile bents, usually timber; existing piles are cut off at good material, a cap placed across them and support built up to the structure.Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It is suspended beneath a hammer by cables; it contains a well or recess on top for cushion material and for seating the anvil, if used. The bottom is formed to accept a specific shape p
Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc. which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact blow. See also Cap Material, Cushion Blocks, and Dolly.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit. See resistance, ultimateA factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated, factored bearing-capacity of a foundation unit.
See capacity, bearing
The maximum or ultimate strength of the foundation unit.
Obsolete term. See "Hammer cushion."
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a loaded foundation unit, e.g., a footing, or a pile. (The structural capacity of a foundation unit is the ultimate resistance of the unit itself as based on the strength of the building materials.)
The maximum or ultimate resistance mobilized by a foundation unit subjected to loading perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit subjected to tension (upward) loading.
Movement of groundwater that occurs through very small voids or channels in soil due to capillary tension.Title of a computer wave equation program derived from "CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program." The software utilizes a signal matching technique in which the measurements from a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and theoretical results generated by the software are
A method that calculates static soil resistance (static ultimate pile capacity) from data recorded by a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and estimated soil damping properties. See also "CAPWAP"
1. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the sides of a hole. 2. A pipe temporarily dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving.The blows, usually of a 300 pound hammer falling 18 in. onto a soil sampler casing while making a soil boring.A device used to slightly twist the casing back and forth around its longitudinal axis as the casing is being drilled into the ground. A casing twister is occasionally used in drilled pile applications.An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the sides of a hole. 2. A pipe temporarily dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving.
A concrete pile poured (either with or without a metal casing) in its permanent location in the ground. Also called Insitu Pile, or Caisson.
A wooden float with sides, for carrying wood piles to a floating driver.
Cubic centimeter. Metric unit of volume.
High strength mixture of cement and water, which hardens with time.
Cubic feet per minute.Canadian Geotechnical Society.
A trade name for a structural connector for splicing H-piles.
Also called "hand dug caisson." See "Caisson"
A rotating power driven spool or winch head. Used to lift a drop-hammer weight (140 lb or more) to drive a casing or soil sampling tool and for soil penetration tests. The weight is usually raised by wrapping a rope around the continuously-rotating cat h
A means of protecting steel piles from corrosion by providing a consumable (sacrificial) anode or by applying an external electrical potential.
Trade name for a thin-wall shell pipe driven with a mandrel striking on the point.
A structure of interlocking steel sheet piling to make a self-sustaining cofferdam with separate inside and outside walls. See also Circular-Type Cellular Cofferdam and Diaphragm-Type Cellular Cofferdam.
Low strength mixture of cement, bentonite and water, which hardens with time.
Devices designed to keep reinforcing steel centralized in a shaft as concrete is placed. Typically fabricated from steel bars, precast concrete blocks, or plastic mouldings.In model pile testing a device to approximate gravity-induced horizontal stresses to compensate for scale.
A fluid chemical compound injected into soil or rock to improve its load-carrying capacity or decrease its permeability.
Steel ring placed on inside of pipe to back-up a butt or bevel weld. Also called a Back-Up-Ring
Heavy steel tool used to soften or fracture rock or obstructions
A member, usually of timber, used as a separator between piles or timbers.
Construction Industry Manufacturers Association
Excavation bucket operated by cables or hydraulic rams.
A percussion boring tool used in clay soils.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. See also Off-shore Lead
A method of drilling through difficult overburden or rock employing heavy percussion by a star-shaped cutting bit or chisel.
A structure constructed of interlocking steel-sheet piling consisting of circular cells joined with connecting arcs. The arcs are installed after the cells are completed; the cells and arcs are filled with granular soils.. See Diaphragm-Type Cofferdam
In the direct circulation method, drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space around the drill pipe and the cuttings are carried to the surface by the flow. In the reverse circulat
A soil material with a cohesive strength that increases or decreases with changes in moisture. The permiability of clay is very low. It is difficult to compact when wet, and impossible to drain by ordinary means.
Also called clean-out bucket. A specially designed drilling bucket to clean the base of wet-processed bored piles or drilled shaftsA piece of timber nailed to each corner of a timber sheeted pit to hold the adjoining timber boards.
Specification which describes the end product and how it is to be achieved. Usually used for permanent walls
Soil types that have particles large enough to be seen without visual assistance. The coarse-grained materials include the sand and gravel (or larger) soil particles.
A rock fragment of 3 to 12 inches in size, usually rounded by weathering and abrasion.A proprietary, segmented steel mandrel designed to be pneumatically expanded inside of a thin, round, corrugated metal shell to hold it while driving.
Nondimensional coefficient of cushion materials which accounts for the energy absorbing characteristics of the material. The value of "e" lies between 1 and 0.A structure which is built to exclude earth and water from an area in order that work may be performed there under reasonably dry conditions. A cofferdam does not have to be entirely watertight to be successful. It may be cheaper to permit some flow into
The bonding or attraction between particles of fine-grained soil that enhances shear strength and is independent of effective pressure. A soil, sand, that when unconfined has little or no strength when air-dried and that has little or no cohesion when submerged.
Discontinuity in concrete caused by a disruption or delay in the placement of the concrete.
A soil that has been formed by movement of soil from its original place by gravity.
The time between impact and combustion in an impact atomization diesel pile hammer.
A cast-in-place pile formed with an enlarged base. Dry concrete in the base is placed in small batches, which are compacted by heavy blows while plastic. See Enlarged Base-1. A pile base reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of dry co
The process of increasing the density or unit weight of a soil by preloading, rolling, tamping, vibrating, or other mechanical means.Ground improvement method in which loose soils are densified by the injection of low-slump grout at high pressure.
Colloquial term for the preferred "Compound Inclination Pile".
pile to resist compression forces
Distance from closest reinforcing bar face to the surface of the concrete
See CPT
A pile made up of two or more types or sizes of piles joined together. The connection between the components is designed to transmit load and to prevent separation during and after construction. See also Spliced Pile - A pile composed of two or more segm
Inclined pile driven at an angle in two directions from the main direction of the piles. Also "Skew Inclination"
Pile hammer leads designed to withstand compressive forces from pile extraction operation (i.e., as used in pulling sand drains or mandrels).
Distance traveled by diesel hammer ram compressing cylinder gas. Measured from bottom of air intake port to point of impact.
A computer program used to solve the wave equation as applied to pile driving and specifically to attempt to predict the optimum hammer size and pile length to acquire a desired ultimate bearing value of a pile. See also WEAP - Wave Equation Analysis of
Measuring the dry materials for a concrete mix (usually by weight) to control the quality of the mix.
Panel cast with one end against a previously cast panel.
Densification of soil by mechanical means, involving expulsion of water.
Joint provided in concrete members to control contraction as concrete sets.
A pile formed by removing earth prior to pile installation.
A load test technique that involves applying a load to the pile in such a manner that the pile top (head) experiences a constant rate of displacement. The force and displacement are recorded at short intervals, so that a force/displacement curve may be pl
A proprietary means of attaching horizontal timber lagging to the face of steel soldier piles as excavation proceeds.
Walls formed by closely-spaced piles installed by augered, cast-in-place method or bored cast-in-place method. Typically used as earth-retaining walls. Also called tangent pile walls.A pneumatic, electric or hydraulic drilling machine to which is connected a string of helical augers and a cutting head, used to bore holes in the earth, into which a pile section or a tieback is set or concrete is cast-in-place.
A diesel hammer which can be operated either open-end (single-acting) or closed-end (double-acting).
Panel, not linear in plan, used to accomplish change in direction of wall.
Cycles per minute - A measure of frequency.Cone Penetrometer Test; see publications by P.K. Robertson.Piezocone; Cone Penetrometer Test with pore pressure measurements.
A timber pile impregnated with coal tar creosote to minimize deterioration.
Continuation of a soil boring into rock; a core may be recovered for examination and testing. See also Dry Sampling - A method of sampling soil by boring a hole in the ground with a sampler or sample spoon attached to the end of the auger. The object i
A structure which slides on the rails of pile driver leads and carries the hammer forward of the lead rails.
The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including the crane crew, as applicable. Also call Dockbuilders, Bridgemen or Pile Bucks.A structure built of round or square timbers, or reinforced precast concrete members, laid in courses with the pockets filled with riprap or rubble.
Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves for carrying lines holding pile and hammer over top of leads. See Appendix B. Also call Head Block, Sheave Head Assembly, or Top Head.
A down-hole quality assurance test in which the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) through the foundation material is measured at closely spaced intervals over the full depth of the foundation to assess uniformity. Requires access tubes or boreholes over the
1. The downward thrust of Kelly bar or auger caused by mechanical reaction against the weight of the boring rig. It is used when boring becomes difficult in hard soil formations. 2. Lateral thrust to hold a pile in position when it tends to drift.
See Constant Rate of Penetration
See Crosshole Sonic Logging.A tapered or step-tapered pile.
The excess portion of a pile above cut-off elevation.
The elevation of the top of the pile as shown on the contract drawing.
A barrette having a shape of a cross (Illustration in appendix B). See also Barrette.
A non-load bearing wall constructed underground to impede the flow of water as: 1. Under stream beds in arid regions to extend to the surface to form a reservoir; 2. Under earth dams to prevent underscour; 4. Under earth or concrete levees. May be made o
Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad.Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc. which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact blow. Same as Cap Material, Dolly.
The material placed on a pile head to cushion the impact of the driving hammer.
A structure constructed, underground, to impede the flow of water as: 1. Under stream beds in arid regions to extend to the surface to form a reservoir; 2. Under earth dams to prevent trickles from developing into dangerous channels; 3. Under concrete dam
Additional metal placed as an inside or outside cast steel ring or welded plate at the bottom of an open-end pile or caisson to strengthen the tip.
Centrifugal device used to remove fine soil particles suspended in bentonite slurry.
A structure constructed to obstruct the flow or impound water.
Removal of a load in steps at completion of test loading.
1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile hammer begins to lift or "float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the hammer overcomes the weight of the hammer casing or cylinder.
A coefficient that is determined as the ratio of a force to velocity. In dynamic testing of piles, the damping factors are the following types: (1) Smith Damping factor (presented by E.A. Smith, 1960) is defined as the ratio of a force to a velocity. (2)
Incision or notch cut in timber into which the head of a pile or other timber is fitted.
1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached. 2: Piles driven near test pile to anchor jacking beam (Also called Reaction Pile or Anchor Pile).
A foundation unit that provides support for the structure by transferring loads either by end-bearing to soil or rock at considerable depth below the structure or by side friction in the soil or rock in which it is placed. Piles are the most common type
Ground improvement method in which a cement based slurry is injected and mixed with the weak soils to increase the strength of such soils
Device used to remove sand and silt particles suspended in bentonite slurry
Drying of soils.
Variation from the designated plan location or elevation.
Deep Foundations Institute
The weight or mass per unit of volume. In reference to soil, the term usually indicates weight per unit volume and is synonymous with unit weightThe span between the loosest void ratio and the actual void ratio divided by the span between the loosest and densest void ratios.
Distance from the ground surface to the depth at which a pile is held firmly by the soil.
Equipment used to filter and/or remove suspended solids from bentonite slurry prior to its reuse.
Drawing prepared to show intent of the work. Drawing is not sufficiently detailed to be used for construction.The professional organization responsible for the design, plans and specifications to fulfill the scope of work to be performed to successfully complete the design of a project. The firm may also monitor and observe the construction of the project. See
The load designed for a pile; also Service load. Must be smaller than the allowable load.
1. The procedure utilized to remove water from a construction area such as pumping from an excavation or location where water covers the planned working surface. 2. The procedure used to lower the groundwater table in order to obtain a "dry" area in the
An impervious barrier to control movement of water.
A watertight concrete cut-off wall or a combination concrete structural cut-off wall tremie poured in an excavated and fluid (bentonite slurry) filled trench. See also Slurry Structural Wall, and Cutoff Wall A structure made of steel sheet piles with each of the inner and outer walls consisting of a series of arc segments, which are connected at their intersections with diaphragms that extend through the cofferdam to form a series of cells. The cells are fil
A pile hammer, which carries its own diesel fuel to generate power internally.A diesel pile hammer in which the upward flight of the ram is arrested by compressing air, above the ram to form an "air spring." Also called Double Acting Diesel Hammer.A diesel pile hammer in which the upward flight of the ram is arrested by gravity. Also called Single-Acting Diesel Hammer.Title of a proprietary computer program for solving wave equations for diesel hammers.Undesirable precombustion of the fuel in a diesel pile hammer (usually due to overheating or improper fuel). Also called Prefiring, Preignition.
A fluid -powered hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and is exhausted into and combined with additional fluid entering over the piston to take advantage of differential piston areas to accelerate the ram and to act in concert with gravity
Angle of inclination a fault stratum makes with the horizontal plane. See also Strike -The direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground surface relative to North. A counter-flow method of circulating drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In the direct circulation method drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space. See also Reverse Circul
Hollow stem chisel with provision for introducing bentonite slurry under pressure at the head of the drill in order to remove drill cuttings.
A pile curved or bent during driving.
Should actually be "Free-hanging (double) displacement amplitude". See illustration #13.
A solid pile, or hollow pile, driven with the lower end closed, which displaces an equivalent soil volume by compaction or by lateral or vertical displacement of the soil, such as timber, closed-end pipe or precast concrete piles. A Franki Pile.
A sample of soil taken without effectively minimizing disturbance of the soil mass.
A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which powdered reagent is pneumatically delivered into the ground by using compressed air in order to mix it with in situ soils forming thus a soil reagent column. The chemical reaction of the soil and stabilising re
A soil modification technique in which the soil can be stabilised either by forming columns of stabilised soils (soil stabilisation) or by stabilising the entire soil volume (mass stabilisation) by means of a mixture in situ with cementitious (cement, lim
The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including the crane crew, as applicable. Also called Bridgemen, Pile Bucks, or Pile Crew.
Block, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc. which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact blow. Also called Cap Material, Pile Cushion.
1. A cluster of piles driven and bound together at the top to protect bridge piers and docks from heavy marine traffic. 2. A marine structure founded on piles used to moor, anchor, breast or turn a vessel. 3. A large diameter pile or casing to accompl
An empty closed-end tubular section, driven into the ground within operating radius of a pile rig. Corrugated shell is lowered into the hole to facilitate inserting a mandrel, thereby allowing the use of shorter leads or longer lengths of shell. The she
Two sheet piles, interlocked and tack welded then handled together for installation and pulling.
See Diesel Hammer.
A pile hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and additional fluid, redirected by valving, acts in concert with gravity on the down stroke.
Reinforcing steel bar projecting from the top or face of the wall intended for connection of additional reinforcement or concrete at a later time.
A percussion hammer that is lowered down a cased pile hole to break up rock below the casing tip to form a rock socket. The transfer of load (dragload) to a deep foundation unit by means of negative skin friction, when soil settles in relation to the unit.
The load transferred to a deep foundation unit by negative skin friction, occurring when the soil settles in relation to the foundation unit. Space provided between wall and interior finish wall for collection of seepage from a slurry wall or structural support.The lowering of the level of the groundwater table that occurs as a work area is dewatered for construction. Also lowering water behind a dam.
Excavating underwater, usually with floating equipment; it may be an elevator ladder, hydraulic suction, grapple, grab or dipper bucket, scraper, dragline, clam shell or backhoe.A deposit of loose detrital materials, fragments of rocks, boulders, sand, gravel, clay or other soils driven together by ice, wind or water. See also Glacial Till - Materal deposited by glaciation, usuallly a wide range of particle sizes, not subjected
1. A metal rod driven into a hole bored in timber, the hole having a smaller diameter than the rod; usual purpose is to hold two or more timbers together. 2. In steel erection a tapered "drift pin" is used to align holes at connections.
A sheeted pit excavated laterally from within a main pit.
See Drilled Shaft
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving.See illustrations #1, 2, & 3.
during concreting
A larger diameter, up to 10 ft or more, opening excavated to bearing strata and filled with concrete - either cased or uncased.
Concrete pile cast-in-place in an augered hole, which may be belled at the bottom. Suitable where soil is dry and hole will stand open. Also called Drilled Pier, Drilled Pile, Bored Pile. An open-end pipe driven to rock, cleaned out and a socket drilled into rock to receive a steel core (H,WF or bars) then socket and pipe are filled with concrete. Core, concrete and pipe contribute to high load carrying capacity.
Height of fall of a drop hammer weight (140 lb or more) to drive a casing or soil sampling tool. The weight is usually raised by wrapping a rope around a powered continuously rotating spool or "cathead." The weight is raised by holding the rope taut th
A closed rotary boring tool with its cutting edge at its base. Spoil is removed from the bucket by swinging it to one side of the bore and releasing the hinged bottom of the bucket.
A cast or fabricated steel shoe which may be pointed and is fixed to the pile shaft at the tip for easier driving, improved penetration, protection against damage in dense material or boulders and improved bearing at the tip. Also called Driving Point, P
steel tube used to displace the ground during the formation of a driven cast in place pile. Drive tube is withdrawn
A steel collar used for splicing pipe piles. The "drive-fit" simply means that both pieces of pipe fit inside the collar and after the first blow of the hammer, the fit is tight due to the taper of the inside of the collar. Does not normally require wel
pile which is forced into the soil by driving, the soil being displaced by the pile or drive tube
See Dynamic Formula.
See Drive Cap
See Drive Shoe.
method to bring the piles into the ground to the required depth, such as hammering, vibrating, pressing, screwingor by a combination of these or other methodsThe theoretical driving force delivered to the pile. Also known as "rated driving force". See illustration #101. Requirement for resistance of a pile to penetration, stated in blows per increment of depth. 2. Required tip elevation of pile. See also Refusal-The condition reached when a pile or soil sampler being driven by a hammer has negligible penetration pe
Driving frequency is usually given in (Hz), is the number of revolutions per second of the eccentric masses (within the vibratory Driver).See illustration #8
Field Record of each driven pile including location number, hammer model, pile type, blow count per unit of penetration, final resistance, driven length, etc. Also called Log or Pile Log.
A weight configured to slide in pile hammer leads or within a hollow pile which has a formed bale or swivel at its top by which it can be mechanically lifted and dropped to drive pile. Also called a Gravity Hammer.
A method of sampling soil by augering a hole in the ground with a sampler or sample spoon attached to the end of the auger. The object is to obtain a complete undisturbed sample of the natural soil for analysis. Also call Core Borings.
A mixture of sand and cement with just enough water to form a ball with compressed by hand. This mixture is generally rammed between foundations and underpinning to form full bearing contact.
Excavation or drilling method for bored piles or drilled shaft construction. Borehole is drilled under dry conditions without introducing slurry. Applicable in soil and/or rock where the shaft is to be formed above the groundwater level, or impervious mat
Method of advancing a borehole whereby the drill rods and casing are inserted simultaneously by rotary or rotary-percussive technics. The drill cuttings / slurry return through the annulus between the rods and casing in order to minimize loss of ground.
Y-type rigging system, to operate diesel hammer with a single hosting cable of the crane, which supports both the lead and hammer.A device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to indicate approximate load-bearing strength of a pile. Often called Dutch Cone Penetrometer or CPTPile hammer leads composed of two holes or pipes which are loosely coupled at the boom point and the base and the hammer is guided between the pipes.
Ground improvement method in which loose granular soils are densified at depth by the dropping of a heavy weight at ground surface in a planned grid pattern.Force applied to a pile by a rotating eccentric weight vibratory pile driver/extractor. A mathematical equation which calculates the static load carrying capacity of a pile from the energy per blow of the pile hammer and the observed set of the pile. It includes terms for pile weight to ram-weight ratio, pile rebound, and cushion properties.
The mass that moves/vibrates during pile installation, i.e. weight of excitor block, hydraulic clamp and pile. Usually given in (kg). See illustration #11.
The determination of the capacity, impact force, transferred energy, etc. of a driven pile, using analysis of measured stress waves induced by the driving of the pile.The recording of strain and acceleration induced in a pile during driving and presentation of the data in terms of stress and transferred energy in the pile, as well as of estimates of capacity, impact force, hammer rise etc.
See Dynamic Pile Monitoring
Engineering Institute of CanadaEngineering Institute of Thailand
Rods or cables installed into the adjacent soil mass or rock. Portion beyond zone of active pressure is pressure grouted to hold a soldier pile or similar walled excavation. The anchors may be installed horizontally or at a slope. See Appendix C.
1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top and cutting head on the bottom designed to bore holes in the earth by drilling, either with or without the supplementary use of water. 2. A hand operated soil sampler.
Normally used in reference to the lateral pressure or force imposed by a soil mass against an earth-supporting structure such as a retaining wall or basement wall, or on a fictitious vertical plane located within a soil mass. The coefficient of earth pre
Load that does not bear axially on the pile, usually due either to the pile being driven out of plumb or plan location or the actual imposed load condition.Also called "unbalanced moment" and even "static moment". See Illustration #7
Alteration in length of a pile, or structural member due to load (reduction for compression piles, elongation for tension piles). An important factor in evaluating apparent pile movements under test load. Also called Elastic shortening, Elongation.
The vertical location of a point relative to a fixed reference (i.e., sea level plus or minus x).
Support provided by the lower end or toe of a deep foundation.A plate or point attached to the toe of a pipe or shell pile.
Device to withdraw end stop after the concrete has achieved initial set.
1. The length of the pile from the surface of the ground or from the cutoff below the ground to the tip of the pile. 2. Extent of penetration of the top into the pile cap.
Protective cover for steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at the water or ground line, where all types of piles are most vulnerable to corrosion and insect attack. Also called Pile Encasement.
The static soil resistance at the pile end to loading. Also called Toe Resistance.Round pipe or shaped device placed at the ends of a panel excavation prior to placement of concrete and withdrawn from the excavation after the concrete has set, providing smooth surfaces at the ends of the panel.
A pile that supports the major portion of the load placed upon it by end or toe bearing on a firm stratum existing at some depth below the ground surface.
The kinetic energy delivered by a hammer ram to the anvil of a pile driving helmet.The nominal energy calculated as the maximum height (stroke) of the hammer ram times the weight of the ram.The energy transferred from the hammer to the pile through the helmet and cushions and measured in dynamic monitoring.
A geologist, who may also have engineering training, specializing in the application of geology to engineering problems.
One of many dynamic formulae for estimating the static load bearing capacity of a driven pile.R = 2E / + 0.1 [Where: E = Energy in ft-lbs; S = Set in inches/blow; R = Allowable pile capacity in pounds with a presumed factor of safety of 6]
See Enlarged Base.
1. A pile base reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of dry concrete or gravel from the base of an open-ended driving tube to form a bulb. This has the effect of increasing the bearing area of the pile and compacting the soil. 2. Pre
A two (or more) part resin that, when mixed, produces a high-strength bonding material.
A term applied to a lead in which the hammer is mounted in front of the lead. Also called Mast Lead, Monkey Stick, Truss Lead, Triangular Lead. See Appendix B
A space created by the removal of soil or rock for the purpose of construction.
1. The outlet fluid path of all powered hammers. 2. The combined air inlet and exhaust ports of a diesel pile hammer.
A pile with a mechanical device for expanding the bottom to increase bearing capacity or resistance to uplift.This type of soil undergoes volume changes upon wetting and drying, capable of causing damage to buildings and pavements. Expansive soils mostly occur in arid and semiarid areas. Found in large areas of Southwest and Western United States.
The force exerted on a pile by the explosion of the diesel fuel, which is equal to the gas pressure created by the explosion times the area of the cylinder bore.Helical anchorage/foundation component installed immediately following the helical lead section. Extensions consist of a steel shaft of finite length without helix plates. It is installed following the installation of the helical lead section or extensi
Geotechnical Instrument used to measure displacement and strains in soil, rock, and cast-in-place bored piles.
Pulling to withdraw previously installed pile from the ground. Usually done with an impact pile extractor or a vibratory pile driver/extractor.A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or air hammer with yoke so equipped as to transmit upward blows to the pile body or a specially built extractor utilizing this principle. Vibratory hammers are especially effectiv
The ratio of maximum available resistance or of the capacity to the allowable stress or load.The capacity of a foundation unit, as determined by geotechnical formula using factored soil strength parameters, or, when the capacity is determined in a field-test loading or calculated from penetrometer data, the failure load multiplied by a performanc
The load applied to a foundation unit, multiplied by an appropriate load factor (Typically greater than unity, or as specified in the relevant code).
Resistance to loading, multiplied by an appropriate resistance factor (Typically less than Unity, or as specified in the appropriate local code.)
Shear strength parameter modified (reduced) by resistance factors for cohesion and friction, as used in ultimate limit states design.
1. Movement of the pile foundation or any part thereof, either as vertical settlement or laterally, to such an extent that objectionable damage results to the structure supported by the foundation. 2. Failure of a pile or piles to pass a load test.
1. Temporary piles used to support falsework in construction of cast-in-place concrete bridges or for supporting superstructure units until they are bolted, riveted or welded in place or otherwise self-supporting in the permanent structure. 2. Piles us
A system of temporary piles, temporary walers and bracing, or a prefabricated structure to temporarily support elements of a permanent structure during construction.
A planar fracture in the otherwise continuous rock of the earth's crust.
Fellow of the Geological Society of LondonFederal Highway Administration.
Water loss from bentonite slurry applied under pressure against a filter.
1. A long bundle of sticks of wood bound together and used for such purposes as filling ditches and making parapets. 2. Woven willow mattress used along river banks and during river pier construction to minimize scour.
The face of a metal plate, end of timber, etc., that joins another surface so closely as to leave no space between themA protective system built to prevent marine traffic from damaging bridge piers and docks.A horizontal member resting on and framed to the top or side of fender piles.Treated wooden pile and timbers used in a fender system. Note that untreated piles are often used for ferry slips. Also call Guard PilePiles and/or timbers used as guides adjacent to a bridge opening or dock and along the face of a wharf seawall or other waterfront structures to absorb shock from vessel impact, and so minimize damage to both structure and vessel.
1. Soil or other material placed in an excavation or other area to raise the surface elevation or to provide a more stable base. Fill materials are usually selected for low compressibility and good stability, and may include rock, rubble, slag or other d
Structural fabrication or casting placed in a driving helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile. Also called Adaptor or Insert.
A coating of natural soil or bentonite suspension which lines the walls of an excavation, particularly in permeable ground, where bentonite or soil slurry has been used as a stabilizing medium during its construction.
Device used to measure the filtration and filter cake development of bentonite slurry.
The number of blows per inch, foot or other unit length of measure at which the driving of the pile or soil sampling device was stopped.The net penetration a pile moves under one blow or a specified series of blows at the end of driving. (Reciprocal of final blow count)Refers to silt and clay-sized particles which exist in a soil mixture. See also Coarse-Grained Soils.
Steel plates or timbers bolted across a joint to make a splice.
A Barge-mounted pile driver.
Condition where dispersed clay particles form agglomerates or clumps
1. A device shaped like a fish tail to better utilize jetting water. 2. A reaming bit used on the end of a flight auger.Slotted plates fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the heads of template supported sheet pile, to keep the hammer centered upon and in vertical alignment with the pile to permit the hammer's operation free-hanging. See also Hairpin - A gravi
A graphical method used to study the hypothetical flow of water through a soil. It is utilized to indicate the paths of travel followed by moving water and the hydraulic pressures resulting from such water flow.
Cementitious low strength, self-leveling, low viscosity material used to backfill in areas where it would otherwise be difficult to place and compact normal soil backfill. Compressive strength of material is generally lower than 300 psi to allow for futur
The path of travel traced by moving water as it flows through a soil mass.
The lower end of a driven pile, pile tip.See Footing
The energy in foot-pounds delivered per blow by the ram of a pile hammer.
The supervisor of a pile crew.
Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of a hammer to drive a pile. Also called Motive Flluid.An admixture used in augered, cast-in-place pile grout that promotes flowability, reduces water requirements, reduces bleeding and segregation, can increase strength and provides expansion in the plastic state. Is usually specified by quoting ASTM C 937
A hard, fine, pozzolanic residue from coal combustion often used as an admixture in concrete.1. A pile hammer held by a crane line, without leads and used to drive a supported pile. Also called free-hanging hammer, swinging hammer or wild hammer. 2. Vibratory hammers operate in this manner. See Sketches, Appendix B.
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It contains a well or recess on top for cushion material and for seating the anvil, if used. The bottom is formed to accept a specific shape pile, along with its cushion if used. The out
A member interposed between a pile hammer and a pile to transmit blows when the pile head is below the reach of the hammer. Also called a Dolly.
Type of foundation typically installed at a shallow depth and constructed to provide an area of bearing on the supporting soil or rock.
Colloquial term for inclination of the pile toe away from the pile driver. Also called Positive Batter or Forward Batter.
A system or arrangement of structual members through which the loads from a building are transferred to supporting soil or rockA weldment bracket typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System to stabilize, and sometimes elevate, a structure that has experienced foundation settlement. The bracket is used to connect the foundation of a structure to an installed Helix Screw
A relatively long, slender colulmn installed in the ground to generate support from friction along its periphery and/or end bearing on firm material.
See Flying HammerSee set-up.
One of the structural members of the foundation of a building such as a footing, raft, or pile.A unit that provides support for a structure by transferring load or stress to the soil at depth considerably larger than the width of the unit. A pile is the most common type of deep foundation.
A proprietary name for a pile constructed with an expanded base of compacted concrete.
Stones placed in a trench to form a space for surplus water while it percolates into the soil.
The number of vibrations or oscillations occurring in one second, designated Hertz (Hz).
A pile which derives most or all of its resistance to load by the friction developed between the side surface of the pile and the soils through which it is driven.A pile that achieves support from the combination of side friction and toe (end) bearing.
The depth below the surface to which moisture filled soils may freeze. Foundations must be carried to below the frost line to minimize danger of frost heave. Also called Frost Penetration.The phenomenon occurring when water in soil is subjected to freezing and thawing. Freezing, because of the water-ice phase change or ice lens growth, results in a total volume increase and /or the build-up of expansive forces under confined conditions, an
Frost heave refers to the vertical soil movement which occurs in freezing temperatures as ice layers or lenses form within the freezing soil and caused the soil mass to expand. See also Frost Action, and Heave.
Soil in which significant ice-segregation will occur, resulting in frost heave or heaving pressures, when requisite moisture and freezing conditions exist.
General Contractor
Semi-rigid colloidal suspension of a solid in a liquid.
Geo Institute branch of American Society of Civil Engineers.
A short piece of timber placed between bracing and a pile as a filler.
A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed around the pile to maintain alignment between the pile and leads. See also Pile Gate.
The generic name for a geosynthetic product from a polymeric (plastic) material extruded into long, connected, open-ended tubes in a honeycomb arrangement.The generic name for a geosynthetic product consisting of numerous, closed cells created in an expansion or foaming process using a gas called a blowing agent. Geofoam materials may be polymeric (plastic), cementitious or glass in composition.
An engineer with specialized training and knowledge of soils and rocks, employed to do soil investigations, design of structure foundations and provide field observation.
1. The guides that attach a diesel hammer and its tripping device to a spud lead. 2. Parts attached to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the hammer in the leads. Also called Channel Guides, Side Guides, Angle Iro
Sometimes applied to a separate mast or boom used to hoist piles or other heavy objects. Geotechnical Interpretation Report. A report presenting geotechnical information and interpretation to derive design parameters based on sub-surface investigation data. A GIR is typically prepared for very large infrastructure projects.
A stiffening member passing around the outside of a structure, or part of a structure, for the purpose of strengthening or protecting it.
Material deposited by glaciation, usually a wide range of particle sizes, not subjected to the sorting action of flowing water.
Ground Penetrating Radar.See Clamshell bucket.
See Pile Template
A two-segment mandrel actuated by a hydraulic cylinder pulling on cables which pass over sheaves in a manner to force the two segments apart to hold a corrugated shell for driving.Plug-like device placed in a tremie pipe prior to placement of concrete in the pipe. Device is intended to prevent concrete from mixing with bentonite slurry or water during initial placement of concrete. Typically formed of foam rubber or polystyrene
The low man or woman on the construction crew who goes for parts, supplies, or tools, as instructed.A short cylinder of steel plate large enough for a man to work inside; as excavation proceeds, smaller cylinders are set inside until bearing stratum is reached. The telescoped cylinders are withdrawn as concrete is placed.
Gallons per minute, hour or day. A unit of measurement of the flow of liquids.
1. The elevation of the natural gound level of any point on the project site. 2. The cut-off elevation of the pile. 3. The average level of finished ground adjoining a building at all exterior walls
Small stones or fragments of stone generally smaller than 3 in. and larger than 1/4 in. size.
A weight configured to slide in pile hammer leads or within a hollow pile, which has a formed bale or swivel at its top by which it can be mechanically lifted and dropped to drive the pile. Also called Drop Hammer.
A very hard, naturally durable wood sometimes used for piling; native to the Amazon area. Less durable than pressure treated wood, especially in resisting marine borers.
A framework of structural horizontal members crossed in layers and placed on the tops of piles or pile caps to support a structural load.
Water present in saturated soils.
The upper surface of the zone of saturation in the ground.
The pumping pressure maintained when placing grout in an ACIP pile.
Angular, rough, hard particles of sand, gravel or crushed stone in a loose form.1. A structure built out from, perpendicular to or making an angle with the shoreline. Generally built of pressure treated close timber piling, sheet piling driven between guide wales and piles, or horizontal courses of plank held between vertical timber
A method of freezing the ground in order to provide temporary excavation support and prevent groundwater from entering into the excavation. Pore water in the soil is frozen by cooling the ground by circulating a refrigerant (usually calcium chloride brin
Variety of methods of improving weak soils. See dynamic compaction, chemical grouting, jet grouting, compaction grouting, deep soil mixing, vibro-compaction.
Seismic waves created by transmission of energy through the into the earth. The resulting ground motion is characterized by four main parameters; displacement, velocity, acceleration, and frequency.
A confined body of water under a pressure which gives a level of hydrostatic pore pressure (phreatic elevation) higher than the ground surface or the normal groundwater table.
A mixture of cement and water or chemicals: for filling voids it is made very thin for pumping under pressure. Rock flour, clay, or sand may be added to cement grout for economy. Cement Grout can be used to improve the tips of piles, and as an adhesive
The ratio of the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, to the theoretical volume of the shaft. Usually expressed as a percentage. See also Overtake.
See Fender Pile
The moment at which grout is observed on the auger flights at the ground surface as the auger is being withdrawn during the placement of grout in an ACIP pile.
1. Shafts constructed by pumping grout through a hollow-stem auger. Also called Augered cast-in-place (ACIP) Auger Pressure Grouted (APG) or Auger pressure grouted displacement (APGD) piles. 2. Drilled shafts that have had grout pumped in at high-pressure
Grout is pressure-injected into deposits of rock containing fissures, cavities, seams, etc; to solidify and strengthen the formation; to reduce or eliminate a flow of water through the formation; to reduce the hydrostatic uplift under a structure such as
That part of the pile hammer leads forming a pathway for the hammer, and consisting of parallel members, which mate with side channels of a pile hammer. Also called Lead Rails, Hammer Guides.Shallow concrete walls placed on either side of the alignment of a slurry wall to provide vertical and horizontal alignment control for the excavation and subsequent support of the reinforcing steel cage and/or other elements to be placed in the trench.
A dark-colored, very sticky, highly plastic clay, occurring abundantly in the central and southern parts of the U.S.A.A line that steadies a high piece or structure by pulling against an off-center loadA standard steel-erecting derrick, with guyed mast and a hinged boom at its base, both able to swivel on the base.A gravity hammer in the shape of an inverted "U" used without leads to start sheet piles into the ground. Sometimes called pants.A structure in which a pile hammer is mounted to adapt it to box leads with rails spaced wider than the hammer width. Also called Pony Leads.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. The pile is usually supported by a template
Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad.
A short slender pole used to position and hold a pile in the leads.
Proprietary cast-steel driving tip with cutting "teeth" for H-piles.
The ratio of kinetic energy of the ram immediately prior to impact divided by the rated energy.The kinetic energy delivered by a pile hammer to the Drive Cap. See Energy, Impact, and Energy, Rated.A heavy tool used in breaking and removing obstructions in large diameter caissons or other excavations.The crane main hoist drum wire rope line assigned to raising and lowering and holding the hammer.The number of complete strokes of a pile hammer achieved by the ram per minute.1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile hammer begins to lift or "float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the hammer overcomes the weight of the hammer casing or cylinder. See also Cylinder Lift
Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called Swinging Leads, Pendulum Leads.
1. Most commonly a very dense heterogeneous mass of clay, sand and gravel of glacial drift origin. 2. The hard stratum of consolidated earth underlying surface soil, too hard for roots to penetrate.
A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The width and depth are approximately equal. See also Steel H-PileA steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer engages and slides upon one flange of the beam through the use of spud clips bolted to the hammer. Also called Monkey Stick, Spud lead.
1. Shortened form of the phrase "pressure head", referring to the pressure resulting from a column of water or elevated supply of water. 2. The top of a pile.Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves for carrying both crane hosting drums lines, holding pile and hammer, over the top of leads.
1. The uplifting of earth between or near piles, caused by the displacement of soil by pile driving. 2. The uplift of a previously driven pile caused by the driving of an adjacent pile. 3. The upward movement of soil and/or foundations supported on s
(See Screw Pile)
An anchor consisting of a bar and one or several helix rings. The anchor is augered into the ground and capacity is derived by the helix bearing against the soil.Helical tieback, helical anchor or screw anchor screwed into bearing strata, and used to transfer tensile loads to soil. Helical anchorage consists of small diameter steel shaft, single or multiple helix bearing plates, coatings, corrosion protection, co
Mild steel bars spirally arranged about the main reinforcement steel to bind the latter to form a cage.Also known as Helical screw foundation, screw pile, or helical pier, screwed to or into bearing strata and used to transfer compression loads to soil. A helical foundation consists of a small diameter steel shaft, single or multiple helix bearing plates,
A deep foundation system consisting of a Helix Screw Pile and a bracket for transferring loads from a structure to the pile.Low capacity metal (galvanized steel) pile consisting of a center-pole and successive helices.Cased or un-cased, small diameter, soil displacement, cast-in-place screw pile in which gravity-fed grout forms a shaft around the central steel element above the helix plate(s).A high-strength steel shaft with one or more helix-shaped circular steel plates welded to a central steel hub “lead section”. Helix anchors are installed by screwing the helix plates into the soil through the application of a rotating force on the centra
Corrugated (usually 12 to 18 gauge) steel rolled into a spiral pipe with the joint crimped or welded watertight. The shell is installed as a pile with a mandrel.Title of computer program developed by Hubbell Power Systems, Inc./A.B. Chance which calculates the bearing and uplift capacity of helical anchorages/foundations in soil.Generally round steel plate formed into a ramped spiral. The helical shape provides the means to install a helical anchorage, or a helical foundation, plus the plate transfers load to soil in end-bearing. Helix plates are available in various grades, di
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. Also called Anvil Block, Bonnet, Cap, Driving Head, Helmet, Follow Cap, Rider Cap, Shield. See sketches, Appendix A.
An earth auger with an end bit on a hollow center shaft. See also Auger.
See Steel H-Pile. Also called H-Beam.
Earth fill moved and placed by pumping with water.
A pile driving hammer that uses a hydraulically-powered ram
International Building Code.Institution of Civil Engineers, Great Britain.
A dynamic testing method for deep foundations using a drop-mass to impact the top of the shaft. The strain at impact must be at least the same order, or greater than the ultimate capacity of the pile. In brief, the soil resistance must be wholly mobilized
A dynamic pile driving formula for estimating the static load bearing capacity of a pile driven from its penetration resistance. It includes terms for pile weight to ram-weight ratio, pile rebound, and cushion properties.
A prime mover and a hoist with one or more hoisting wire rope (cable) drums, mounted on a common sled base.
A point at which a pile has reached specified soil penetration and/or blow count.
A colloquial expression indicating the side of the pile driver which is the most dangerous.
Can occur when the hydrostatic pressure in the ground (usually below a clay strata) is sufficient to cause the collapse of thin-wall pile casing.Term for the physical property that permits water to flow through the voids in a soil.
Similar to Clamshell Grab. A grab operated by hydraulic action, used for excavation of diaphragm walls and barrettes
Reverse circulation drilling/grinding machine operated by hydraulic drives to rotate cutter wheels on a horizontal axis. The spoil is removed by a submersible pump within the machine.Pore water pressure varying as pressure in a non-moving free standing column of water.Water pressure in soil that results in neither upward or downward flow; having a hydraulic gradient equal to unity
The growth of ice in lenses, layers, and veins in the soil, commonly, but not always, oriented normal to the direction of heat loss.
A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel injected and trapped between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact of the ram on the impact block. The hammer normally will have a time delay between impact and combustion.
Normally used with diesel hammer. 1. The part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which transmits the blow of the ram to the pile or to the drive cap (also called Impact Block). Also called Anvil. 2. Steel plate on top of cushion material in d
The transmission of energy during a short interval of time from one moving body to another.The peak force delivered by a pile driving hammer to the pile head as measured by means of dynamic monitoring (the peak force must not be influenced by soil resistance reflections).The velocity of the ram of a gravity or single-acting steam/air hammer when it strikes the anvil. It may be computed from a formula.A constant that is equal to the pile cross-section area times Young's modulus, divided by the elastic wave velocity.Soil in which the spacing of the soil particles is so close as to prevent or allow only very slow passage of water.
Also known as the Transient Dynamic Response Method, or the Sonic Mobility Method. An integrity test in which a low-strain stress wave is generated at the shaft head by an impact from a small hammer that contains a transducer to measure force input. The r
Also known as Sonic-Echo, and by several proprietary names. An integrity test in which a low-strain stress wave is generated at the shaft head by an impact with a small hammer. The time taken for the wave to travel down the shaft and be reflected back to
Preferred term for a pile installed or constructed on an incline so as to provide some horizontal support for a structureInstrument which measures inclination and slope or sweep of a cased bored hole. Can be used in pipe or other types of pile if the pile is equipped with tubing to permit travel of the device.The steps of applying a test load to a pile. Generally, the specifications will require the steps to be 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175% and 200% of Design Load. Other increments may be specified, dependent on design considerations.
The point where reversal of curvature occurs: point of contraflexure
stage after mixing concrete when it turns from liquid to solid
The base plate under the beam swivel of a guy derrick
The inlet fluid path of fluid-powered hammers.
Pressure of motive fluid at the inlet of an air/steam hammer.
In original or final place.
Piles, often prestressed concrete, driven in advance of major work to determine needed length before ordering.
An influence line can be any line in a graph that shows the magnitude of a condition, such as shears or moments on / along a beam. The influence line graphically represents the calculated shear or moment at that point along the beam. A geotechnical exa
A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel is atomized by an injector. Combustion will normally occur prior to impact.
1. Structural fabrication or casting placed in a helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile. Also called Adaptor or Filler. 2. Any device intended to be permanently embedded in a wall.
A concrete pile poured (either with or without a metal casing) in its permanent location in the ground. Also called Cast-In-Place Pile, or Caisson.
The individual who observes pile installation for conformance with contract requirements.
Proprietary name for a type of cast-in-place concrete pile.
pile pressed into soil by means of static force
Any device intended to measure the performance of a wall or structural system, or physical parameters such as soil pressure or water head.
Pile load test performed on a shaft in which instrumentation has been installed to measure parameters such as stress, strain, and displacement. The load transfer mechanism and stress distribution can be determined from an instrumented pile load test.
A means of assessing the integrity of a deep foundation nondestructively and non-invasively - See Impulse Echo Test and Impulse Response Test
The portion of a steel sheet pile or other sheeting which connects adjacent piles through a thumb and finger or similar configuration to make a continous wall. Also called a Clutch
A gravity hammer which acts internally on a plug at the base of a pile casing and is used to advance the casing by driving at the bottom to a given set or penetration.Reinforcing steel embedded in a wall to provide bending resistance between points of lateral support.
A high capacity hydraulic jacking system used to apply loads to a pile under test. See also Test Pile
1. A means of imposing a static driving force on a pile by using hydraulic jacks. Using extensively to install piles in underpinning of structures. A jacked pile. 2. The means of precisely transferring load from another source (either dead weight or a rea
Devices that interface with and are used to clamp a vibratory driver/extractor to a pile.
Side or skin damping value used in wave equation analysis.Tip or toe damping value used in wave equation analysis.
A recess in the wall intended to receive a wall or floor slab.
S.I. (Systeme Internationale) unit of force equal to 0.2248 kips.
A unit of force or load equal to 1,000 lbs.
A method of ground modification that mixes cement with insitu soil using high pressure air and/or water jets to form "soilcrete". Jet grouting is generally used for excavation shoring, underpinning, and as a hydraulic barrier.
The use of water or compressed air jet to facilitate the placing or driving of a pile by means of hydraulic displacement of parts of the soil. In some cases, a high pressure compressed air jet(s) may be used, either alone or with water. Also called Water
A work constructed out from a harbor entrance. Mounds or heaps of rubble, fascine, or mattress work with rubble or stone, or a reinforced concrete wal, to prevent littoral drift from forming a sand bar across a harbor entrance. See also Groin, or Groyne.
Discontinuity between panels, usually formed by end stops or embedded structural shapes.
A geologic term for limestone bedrock in which cavities are developed by solution in flowing water. Also called Karstic Limestone.A square or splined shaft which can slide vertically through a square or splined opening in a rotary driving head to turn an auger or drill bit; for a drilling rig which drives from top the Kelly bar may be a smooth cylinder. The kelly bar may also be use
Term used for reaction weights for test loading. Also called caisson weights or load-test weights.
A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or batter leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or se
1. The center pile in a dolphin or cluster of piles usually with the top higher than the adjacent piles to hold lines from a ship. 2. Added support for a precast concrete or steel sheet pile wall.Steel columns installed in soil or embedded in cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts used as vertical support for temporary working platform or decking for deep excavation works
Metal left, as at a bevel on the flange of an H-pile, for back-up of a weld.
A pile with a nominal diameter exceeding 24 in. (600 mm).
Horizontal component of load on a pile.
Also called sonic logger in Asia. Device used to measure a continous profile of a slurry-filled borehole or excavation by the sonic caliper method - Used to monitor diameter or width and verticality of bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes, and diaphra
1. To raise and slip an interlock of a pile, such as a steel sheet pile, into the interlock of an adjoining pile. Also called Thread. 2. To raise and slip a pile hammer into pile hammer leads so that its side channels properly engage to slide upon the
The act of interlocking sections of sheet pile to form a wall. Also called Threading.A pile to which longitudinal pieces (lags) are fastened to provide mechanical protection to a pile or increase friction contact area. See Lags.
The horizontal members, usually of timber or concrete, spanning between soldier piles. See Lags.
1. Plates, blocks or structural sections secured to a pile to increase its bearing or friction area. Also called Lagging. 2. Thin slats on creosoted piles in marinas to reduce creosote stains on boats.A mixture of bleed water, cement and fine sand that may appear at the top of concrete after placing, especially in high lifts, such as piling. It has no structural value.
Normally used in reference to the lateral pressure or force imposed by a soil mass against an earth-supporting structure such as a retaining wall or basement wall, or on a fictitious vertical plane located within a soil mass. The coefficient of earth pre
The maximum pressure (load) that may be safely applied in the horizontal direction to a soil or rock by a foundation unit.1. Inclined piles or reinforcement to resist lateral forces on piles or footings. Also called Bracing, or Shoring. 2. Support provided by soil, which prevents column failure of a driven pile.
See Leads.
See Leads, Extended.
See Leads, Cardonic. Also called Swivel Leads.
1. A structure of fabricated steel or wood in which or on which a pile hammer travels up and down and with which the hammer and pile assembly is aligned in driving position. 2. A complete hammer support system including lead column, brace and other comp
That part of the pile hammer leads forming a pathway for the hammer, and consisting of parallel members, which mate with side channels of a pile hammer. Also called Lead Rails, Hammer Guides.-A lead which is fixed to a crane boom point normally in an extended configuration, but has three directions of freedom about the boom point (i.e., in and out, left and right, and around) rather than just in and out, left and right movement. Also called Sw
The first helical anchorage/foundation component installed into the soil, consisting of single or multiple helical plates welded to a steel shaft of finite length.
The edge of the helix that enters the soil first--may be straight, curved or sharpened or blunt.1. A structure of fabricated steel or wood in which or on which a pile hammer travels up and down and with which the hammer and pile assembly is aligned in driving position. 2. A complete hammer support system including lead column, brace and other comp
Pile hammer leads which extend above and attach to the boom point of a crane. Also called Overhead Leads.
Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called Hanging Leads, Pendulum Leads, Swinging Leads.
1. A trade name for a type of extended lead. 2. An extended pile hammer lead which may be raised or lowered independently of the boom by a cable from the crane. Also called Vertical-Travel Leads.Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called Hanging Leads, Pendulum Leads.
Pile hammer leads which hang from the boom point pin of a crane by straps or pendant cables.1. A trade name for a type of extended lead. 2. An extended pile hammer lead which may be raised or lowered independently of the boom by a cable from the crane. Also called semi fixed leads.
Low strength concrete usually intended as backfill in situations where the material will be subsequently removed.An embankment of earth built up along the sides of a river to prevent its overflowing its banks.
Cable device used to lift reinforcing steel cages with minimal distortion.
Interior finish wall placed in contact with or separated from the slurry wall.
Low density material used as backfill to reduce overburden pressure. Typically consists of lightweight rotary kiln produced aggregates with a density about half that of normal granular soil backfill.
A compact, high-calcium limestone originating from coral and other marine remains.
Oil lubricator inserted in compressed air or steam lines to lubricate air or steam powered hammers. See also Sight Feed Lubricator, or Oiler1. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the side of a hole. 2. A pipe dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving temporarily. See also Casing
Loss of strength occurring in saturated, fine-grained cohesionless soil when exposed to shock or vibrations when the soil particles momentarily lose contact due to pore pressure increase. The material then behaves as a fluid without shear strength. See
The load actually applied to a foundation unit.
The factor used to modify (usually increase) the factored load or factored force.Testing capacity and relation of load to movement by putting a static load on the bearing element before actually building upon the foundation. May be performed in axial compression, axial tension, or horizontally (lateral). ASTM Standard D1143 covers Me
The maximum load that may be safely applied to a foundation unit under expected loading and soil conditions. Determined as the capacity divided by the factor of safety.
The load actually applied to a foundation unit, and which is not greater than the allowable load.
Applying increments of load to a pile and measuring the resulting movement of the pile. See Load TestA curve showing the relation between applied load and measured movement in a static loading test - also called load-displacement curve.
A mixture of sand, silt and clay, generally with a varying amount of organic material.
Longitudinal or spiral seam in corrugated or other pipe formed by overlapping or folding the adjacent edges.A soil transported and deposited by wind action, generally silt, weakly cemented.The act of raising a pile into the leads to place beneath the hammer. Also called "pitching the pile."1. The workman who climbs the lead to position pile beneath the hammer. 2. The workman who sits atop a sheet pile wall and threads interlocks. 3. Trade name for a mechanical device controlled by the crane operator to accomplish the purpose of 1. above
Field Record of each driven pile including location number, hammer model, pile type, blow count per unit of penetration, final resistance, driven length, etc. Also called Driving Log or Pile Log.
Load and Resistance Factor Design.
Space left between timber lagging boards. Louvers permit backpacking of voids behind the boards.Pile with minimal soil displacement, such as H, open-end pipe or sheet piles. Also called Non-Displacement Pile.Special concrete mix designed to reduce the peak temperature during hydration of the concrete mass. Use for mass or thick concrete members such as mat foundation. Flyash is commonly used as an additive in low heat concrete.
Pumping of low slump grouts (0" to 3") with a limited ability to travel into the ground to fill voids or compact soil.A pile testing method by which the pile integrity is confirmed or anomalies such as necking, bulging or discontinuities are identified. One of the non-destructive methods. Unlike the High Strain Test, the soil resistance is not mobilized as the test is p
See Line Oiler. Lubricator or Oiler also refers to the assistant equipment operator. Maintained Load Test. Load test accomplished by applying an increasing load in defined increments and holding each level until such time that the pile top (head) displacement stabilizes or a specified time period is attained. A force vs displacement cur
An empty closed-end tubular section, driven into the ground within operating radius of a pile rig. Corrugated shell is lowered into the hole to facilitate inserting a mandrel, thereby allowing the use of shorter leads or longer lengths of shell. The she
A core that is inserted into a closed-end thin-shell tubular pile for driving; after installation the mandrel is contracted and withdrawn; (1) Solid or semi-solid mandrel - A heavy tubular section that will transmit the hammer energy to either the casing
Any below ground man-made object, such as concrete, timber, building rubble, abandoned utilities, which cannot be easily removed by clamshell bucket or drilling tool.
See European Lead
One of several species of mollusks (Teredo - "Shipworm," Bankia, Pholad) and crustaceans (Limnoria-tripunctata, quadripunctata, Lignorum) that bore into untreated wood and concrete. Preservative pressure treatment is effective in protecting wood from the
Cone shaped funnel used to indirectly measure bentonite slurry viscosity by measuring the time of passage of a quart of slurry through a specified opening size.
Also called Mat Foundation. A thick concrete slab used to support one or more columns. A mat footing may be placed directly on the base soil or may be supported by piles.Heavy timbers bolted together for use as support and roadway for pile driver crane. Essential over soft or wet supporting soil and to protect pavement.A proprietary part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which receives the blow of the ram and transmits it to the pile. Normally used only with wood piles. See sketches in DFI Glossary of Terms, Appendix A.
The average low elevation to which the surface of a body of water falls. Mean High Water is average high. In tidal areas Mean Low (High) Tide is the average daily minimum or maximum water surface elevation.
A comprehensive field test, principally aimed at determining load bearing criteria for driven pile, conducted in 1961 by the State of Michigan Highway Department and the United States Bureau of Public Roads.
Relatively small diameter (typically 4" to 10") cast-in-place replacemnent piles utilizing drilling and grouting procedures along with high strength materials to obtain high capacity piles, typically 50T to 150T. In addition to the construction site, trad
See Top Down Method.
See Micro-piles
See Pile Monkey
Combination of mechanical devices used to mix, store, clean and/or distribute bentonite slurry.
Quotient obtained by dividing the stress per unit area by the change per unit length in the elastic region of material behaviour. Also called Young's Modulus (when unconstrained laterally).
A spud lead system in which the lead column passes through a slide box at the tip of the crane boom. The lead column elevation is controlled by the crane auxillary hoist drum cable and a brace is not normally used, the lead base being set on the ground. T
An open top, longitudinally-fluted tapered steel tube, driven without a mandrel and filled as a cast-in-place concrete pile.A steel caisson with sawtooth cutting edge, which is rotated to cut its way through rock. Loosened material is washed out of the caisson. More powerful motors and pumps, plus high quality cutting steels have brought a redevelopment of this once popular pr
A principal clay mineral group. A hydrous aluminum silicate characterized by a crystalline structure of layers or thin sheets. This is the main ingredient of bentonite clay. A curved or horizontal beam attached to the end of the brace on pile hammer leads which allows the lead to be moved sideways and held fixed during the driving of side inclination piles (right angle to the crane boom).
Cylindrical tool used for cleaning drilled shafts of muck and water.
River bed at interface of water and soil.
See Filter Cake
Helical anchor with more than one helix welded to the same shaft or lead.
Usually a treated or greenheart wood pile, driven out from a pier or dock to steady marine vessels from wind and wave action, or to hold a floating dock in position. See also Dolphin, King Pile.Distinct geological feature - mound or ridge - of material deposited by glaciation, usually containing a wide range of particle sizes. See also Glacial Till
Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of the hammer to drive the pile. See also Motive Fluid Power.
1. A very soft or watery clay. 2. A term used for material removed from an excavation, especially in tunneling.
Scale device used to measure unit weight, specific gravity or density of slurry.
A thin cover of crushed stone or concrete placed over a muddy area below the planned structure to provide a work platform and keep reinforcing clean.
1. An earth diaphragm or impervious cut-off-wall in a dam. 2. The wall above the beam seats of a bridge abutment, designed to support the approach slab and retain the earth behind the abutment.
The technique of stirring in bentonite powder and /or water to facilitate the installation of temporary casing or to expedite drilling into an augered or otherwise drilled hole.
The number of blows required to drive a 2 in. O.D., 1 3/8 in. I.D., 24 in long, split soil sampling spoon one foot with a 140 lb. Weight freely falling 30 in. The count is recorded for each of three six-inch increments. The sum of the second and third i
Reduction in area of cast-in-place concrete in a pile, either uncased or thin-cased, due to soil pressure or improper method of installation.A structural beam inserted through a hole in a wall to support the wall during underpinning, jacking or excavating operations beneath it. The beam transfers the wall load to a temporary or a newly installed foundation.
A pressure gauge with a needle stem for measuring air or steam pressure in pressure hose, by puncturing the wall of the hose with the needle stem.
Very small diameter, slender, driven steel tubular or rail section piles used in underpinning operations.Colloquial term for pile driven at an angle towards the crane. See Negative InclinationDriving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is inclined toward the crane.
Soil resistance acting downward along the side of a deep founation unit, due to an applied uplift load.1. Side friction along a pile surface directed downward. 2. Effect of settling soil that grips a pile by friction and adds a downward weight to the structure load. Also called Downdrag.Net measured settlement of pile at top after removal of test load. See SettlementThe location where equilibrium exists between the sum of downward acting permanent load applied to the pile and dragload due to negative skin friction and the sum of upward acting positive shaft resistance and mobilized toe resistance. The neutral plane
A weldment bracket, typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System, to provide connection between an installed Helix Screw Pile and the structure’s surface level foundation components.
Eurocode term for basic estimated load, as defined by code or statistical analysis, before application of Load Factor.
National Ready Mix Concrete Association.National Sand, Gravel, and Crushed Stone Association.National Utility Contractors Association.A perforated pipe installed in the ground for monitoring groundwater level
Proprietary name for a type of augered, cast-in-place displacement pile.
Piles formed by boring or other methods of excavation. H, open-end pipe and sheet piles are considered low-displacement piles.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported by a template. Also called Cage, Can Lead, Chuck Lead, Rope Suspended Lead, Pipe Lead.
1. A device for injecting oil into air or steam lines; also called a lubricator. 2. Either a man or woman who is responsible on a daily basis, for oiling and greasing certain pieces of construction and mining equipment.
A mixture of one 94 lb. bag of cement and 1 cy of sand, typically used as a self compacting backfill.
A drop-bottom bucket used for excavation. The drop-bottom is divided into a number of sections that appear to peel back as the bucket opens.
Lengths of pile expected for the project, ordered by either the owner, A/E or contractor from the supplier
Rock core sample obtained from a boring on which scribes are made while in its in-situ location in order to determine the in-situ orientation of the rock core. Used to determine the orientation of dips and joints in the rock
See Leads, Extended .
See Pile Cushion.
A three to five-inch shaft of hard steel is set into the lower end of an H-pile by slitting the shaft or cutting the web of the pile for some distance, and then welding the shaft to the H-pile. Utilized to secure a toe hold in sloping rock. Can also be fi
Axial loading test carried out by applying the load with expendable jack and load cell pre-installed in a cast-in-place bored pile or drilled shaft. Named after its inventor, Jorj Osterberg.
The difference between the actual amount of concrete placed and the neat theoretical volume. Usually expressed as a percentage.
Extra length of concrete above design cut-off level of pile, usually formed in cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts, and barrettes. See also Over-pour.
The ratio between the preconsolididation pressure and the effective overburden stress.1. Pile driving that exceeds the maximum warranted hammer blow count or damages the material comprising the pile. 2. Hitting the pile more than the optimum or required number of blows per increment of advance. 3. Continuing to drive piling(s) after penetr
The extra amount of concrete placed in a panel or drilled shaft beyond the theoretical volume, or above the designed cutoff level.
The difference between the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, and the theoretical volume of the shaft. See also Grout FactorPounds per square inch pressure shown by gage at pressure boiler, air compressor, air hose, or steam hose.
Section of a slurry wall that is concreted as a single unit. The panel may be linear, T-shaped, L-shaped, or other plan configuration
Portland Cement Association.Power Crane and Shovel Association.
Pile Driving Contractors Association
See Leads, Swinging
Slotted plates fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the head of template supported sheet pile, to keep the hammer centered upon, and in vertical alignment with, the pile to permit the hammer's operation free-hanging. Also called Fingers, Fish-
A down-hole test to verify depth and to determine the most likely construction material of unknown foundations below existing structures. Requires a borehole close to the unknown foundation, and access to the structure immediately above the foundation in
Propietary brace to change pile hammer leads from side to side wIthout use of a hammer
The speed at which the ground particles move or vibrate, measured in mm/s or in/s. The maximum recorded particle velocity from any one of the three axes of movement for a recorded vibration event is the Peak Particle Velocity.
Pile Driving Analyzer - An instrument used to monitor pile installation and evaluate the pile-soil system. The working principle is: a pile is assumed as an elastic rod. An impact is applied on the pile top and the produced stress wave propagates along
A highly organic soil consisting chiefly of fragmented remains of vegetable matter which was sequentially deposited. Typically has a spongy consistency.Long handled tool similar to a cant hook but with a steel point at its end and a hinged hook for turning piles or timbers .
A cast-in-place concrete end-bearing pile, frequently patented, constructed so that concrete is placed or forced out into a bulb or pedestal at the base of the pile. See also Compacted Concrete Pile.A tree trunk from which all of the bark has been removed before treating and /or driving
See Anvil
Old term; See Hydraulic conductivity
1. The resistance to penetration by driving, expressed in blows per increment of advance of the pile. 2. The N Value in the Standard Penetration TestTerm generally applied to subsurface investigation methods for determining a strength-related property of a soil by measuring the resistance to penetration of boring and/or sampling equipment. See also N Value.
The total downward movement of the pile caused by the hammer blow before rebound.Depth or length of pile specified to theoretically develop the required load bearing or uplift capacity of the soil, the required lateral strength or reach a desired bearing strata1. The gross movement of the pile less the rebound from the hammer blow. 2. Net measured settlement after unload from a testA device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to indicate approximate load-bearing strength of the pile. Often called Dutch Cone Penetrometer
A means of advancing a bore using compressed air- or cable-driven impact tools, or excavating tools which are repeatedly dropped onto the face or base of the bore.A factor used to alter (usually reduce) the capacity of a foundation unit, determined by means of direct test loading, or by in-situ tests such as penetrometer testing.Permanently frozen ground; very difficult to pentrate with piling, and unstable when disturbed.
Colloquial term for a member of a pile crewSee Seawall
Measure of the alkalinity or acidity of a liquid using a logarithmic numerical scale of 0 to 14, set with 7.0 as neutral, less than 7.0 indicating acidity and greater than 7.0 indicating alkalinity. Based on the reciprocal of the Hydrogen ion concentrati
1. A structure built perpendicular or oblique to the shoreline of a body of water for mooring ships. 2. A plain, detached mass of masonry,usually serving as a support: i.e. the pier of a bridge. 3. A deep foundation unit with a large length to diameter ra
A perforated pipe installed in the ground to measure groundwater pressure / head in any desired stratum. It is typically sealed along its length, open to atmosphere at the top and perforated only in the desired stratum to allow water inflow from that stra
Plug-like device used to clean out a pipeline. Also used in a tremie pipe to keep concrete separate from water or slurry at the start of placement. See also Go DevilA slender deep foundation unit, made of wood, steel, or concrete, or combinations thereof, which is either pre-manufactured and placed by driving, jacking, jetting, or screwing, or cast-in-situ in a hole formed by driving, excavating, or boring. A pile c
Two or more piles driven in a row transverse to the long dimension of a structure, such as a bridge foundation, and fastened together by capping and/or bracing.
Colloquial term for the top of a pile, originally referring to the widest part of of a timber pile or tree trunk, normally driven with the narrowest part, or tip, down first. See also Pile Head.
See PDASee Drive Cap
See Pile Line.
A structural member constructed on the tops of piles to transmit and distribute the load of the structure down to the head of a pile, a row of piles, or a pile group.1.Pairs of timbers bolted to the sides of the piles in a bent, or steel channels bolted or welded to H-piles, to tie the piles together and so carry and distribute loads to the piles. 2. A mechanical device with teeth for gripping piles, used with vibrato
1. A group of piles, standing free as a dolphin or as mooring piles or piles in contact, forming part of a fender system for the purpose of mooring or breasting off vessels for better control. See also Dolphin. 2. Group support for column loads
Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and spalling. Also called Cushion, Pad.The length of pile extending above the cut-off elevation that must be removed.1. A rig consisting of leads, hoisting apparatus and a pile hammer. 2. A member of the pile crew
Protective cover for a steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at the water or ground line, where all typed of piles are most vulnerable to corrosion and insect attack
A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or air hammer with yoke equipped to transmit upward blows to the pile body or a specially built extractor utilizing this principle. Vibratory hammers are especially effective. All e
An equation by which the static resistance or the allowable load of a pile may be estimated from the driving record of the pile. See Dynamic Formula.
The piles and the structural members designed and installed primarily to transmit loads directly from a superstructure to the soil or rock stratum some distance below the ground surface which is capable of supporting the load.
See Skid Rig.
The uppermost end of a pile.See Heave
See Automated Monitoring Equipment.
See Load Test, Test Pile
See Driving Log See Taywood Sheet Pile Driver/Extractor
A pointed pile shoe.See refusal.See Pile driver.The portion of the pile between the pile head and the pile toe.
A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed arund the pile to maintain alignment between the pile and the leads
General term for a machine which drives piling by impact or vibration. Power source may be mechanical, air,steam,diesel or hydraulic.A powered pile hammer in which the fluid valve is automatically thrown at both ends of the ram stroke to produce a regular cycle.A powered pile hammer in which the fluid valve is manually thrown at one end of the ram stroke and automatically thrown at the other end.
A material property of a pile. Determined as the product of the Young's modulus (E) and area (A) of the cross section divided by the wave speed (c) as Z = EA / c.
Means for joining lengths of piles. 1. H-Pile: full penetration butt weld or close-fitting mechanical device plus welding across flanges and additions. 2. Pipe-Pile: butt weld or driving into tapered circular sleeve.
A wire rope used to lift a pile and hold it while being placed in the leads; one of the hoisting lines on a crane, assigned to pile handling. Also called Pile Fall.
1. The workman who climbs the lead to position the pile beneath the hammer. 2. The workman who sits atop a sheet pile wall and threads interlocks. 3. Trade name for a mechanical device controlled by the crane operator to accomplish the purpose of 1 Above.
The depth or subsurface elevation reached by tip of the pile. 2. Embedment of the pile. 3. The set of the pile
A premanufactured separate reinforcement attached to the bottom end (toe) of a pile to facilitate driving, to protect the lower end of the pile, and/or to improve the toe resistance of the pile.A close-fitted device for quickly aligned an additional length of similar or compatible sections of a pile to increase length. See Spliced Pile, Composite Pile Bending or curving of a pile, generally as a result of encountering obstructions or hard conditions during driving.
An increase in the observed resistance to penetration during driving
See toe grouting.Driving rig that is clamped to the top of a caisson pile casing.See Cast-In-place Pile.
A pile used to provide vertical support to bracing members. See Micropiles.
See End Stop Extractor.See Steel Pipe Pile Insert in wall intended to permit the passage of a pipe through the wall.
See Blowing
Positioning the pile in the leads for driving. See Lofting
A prefabricated structure or site-erected frame into which a pile is set and held firmly in position to permit driving with a free-hanging pile hammer. Usually rectangular in form, to space and position piles so that they will be specified position relati
The lowermost end of a pile (Use of terms such as pile tip, pile point, or pile end in the same sense as pile toe is discouraged).
A tree trunk, usually debarked, driven into the ground. It may be pressure impregnated with creosote, pentachlorophenol, or chromated copper arsenate or ammoniacal copper arsenateA thick concrete slab-like foundation supported by piles. Usually used for tall buildings with high loadingThe contractor, frequently a subcontractor, who specializes in installing piles.
The part of the falling weight in a power pile hammer which is fitted with piston rings. See Ram
An instrument for a pile integrity testing in the field. The test includes: an accelerometer and a strain gauge (optional). In general, an accelerometer is placed on the top of the pile prior to testing. The top of the pile is struck axially with a hamm
The distance between the leading and trailing edge of the helix on a Helix pile.
The soil inside a pipe pile that is driven open-ended
A vertical pile
See Pipe Lead
See Depth of Fixity
Synthetic additive that increases the viscosity of water.
1. Concrete consisting of cement, bentonite, aggregates, additives and water intended to provide minimal strength, a low modulus of elasticity and high strain prior to failure. 2. Concrete that has not yet set.
Term applicable to fine-grained cohesive soils ( such as clays) with the ability to flow or be remolded without raveling or breaking apart. See also Atterberg Limits
Colloquial term for a pile that derives its load-bearing ability from support of the soil layer at the tip. Preferred term is "end-bearing pile"
A mixture of water and polymer forming a viscous drilling fluid that is used to stabilize boreholes and to remove drill cuttings from the borehole.
See Hairpin Lead, Telescope Lead, Spud Lead, and Beam Lead.
Pore pressure distribution as in a freestanding column of water.
Colloquial term. See Fore Batter
See Refusal.
See polymer slurry. Also used in parts of Asia to denote a polymer slurry with bentonite added to reduce loss in granular soils.
Short beam placed across a structural beam or panel joint intended to support two panels from one point of lateral support. Also, called a waler.
Steel plate, provided with numerous steel studs, straps or bars welded to the plate, intended to be embedded in a wall to provide shear or tensile capacity to a connection to the wall.Pressure in the water and gas present in the voids between the soil grains, minus the atmospheric pressure.
The elevation of a groundwater table corresponding to a hydrostatic pore pressure equal to the actual pore pressure.Pore pressure in a confined body of water having a level of hydrostatic pressure higher than the ground surface or above the normal groundwater table.
Concrete element which derives its primary strength from a longitudinal compression force provided by high strength steel strands, embedded in the wall, which are tensioned after the concrete hardens. See post-tensioning.
A method of prestressing a concrete member in which cables or bars are placed in ducts through the concrete member. When the concrete reaches a specified strength, the tendons are tensioned by jacking against the member and then anchored to it. See also p
A prime mover composed of an engine and generator, hydraulic pump, or compressor to provide electricity, hydraulic power, or air to portable construction equipment, such as a vibratory driver/extractor or auger.
See DieselingSee Dieseling
Application of a predetermined load on a brace or anchor support.
1. Boring through obstructions or materials too dense to penetrate with the planned pile type. This is commonly done for displacment piles in stiff clays where heave may occur. 2. Exploratory drilling to elevations below utility lines to locate and minimi
A concrete pile, either reinforced or prestressed, which is manufactured in a construction yard or at the site, and, having been properly cured, is handled and driven like a steel or timber pile.A precast pile manufactured in lengths which enable the pile to be extended on site relatively quickly with a mechanical splice. See Bruns Pile, Pile SplicerWall constructed by insertion and positioning of precast concrete panels into a self-hardening slurry.
1. Advance excavation of a general site. 2. Removal by augering of soil that may heave. 3. Removal of soil by driving and cleaning out an open-end pipe
pile installed before the commencement of the main piling works or section of the works for the purpose ofestablishing the suitability of the chosen type of pile, driving equipment and/or for confirming the design,dimensions and bearing capacity
Omnidirectional force per unit area (Compare stress)
See Grouting, FoundationSee Head
See Enlarged Base
See Preload.
Slurry Wall panel constructed with end forming devices at both ends.See Indicator Pile
A device that can be lowered into a bore hole and expanded to determine the lateral resistance of the soil Round or sawn timber used as a pile, which has been pressure impregnated with a chemical preservative, e.g., creosote, pentachlorophenol, or ammoniacal copper arsenate or chromated copper arsenate
A precast concrete pile which is prestressed or post-tensioned to reduce or eliminate cracking caused by the tensile stresses to which piles are subjected during transportation, pile driving, and in service.Compressing a concrete member with tensioned cables or bars running through it to achieve higher strength for less weight, and to counteract handling stresses.A precast, prestressed concrete pile where the form is spun as the concrete sets. Spinning results in denser concrete, reduces water cement ratio, and hence increases the concrete strength and durability of the pile.
A method of prestressing a concrete member in which cables or rods are tensioned before the concrete is poured. When the concrete member has cured to specified strength, the tendons are detached from their anchorages and relieved of their stress. Restrain
A drive cap that requires an adapter for different shapes of piles. It is used only with an adapter
Pile which is part of a specified pile foundation, as opposed to a preliminary test pile.
A protective end reinforcement for steel sheet pilingTrade name for a protective cast-steel pile point for H-Piles Pounds per square inch (foot), the English unit of measure of pressurePost Tensioning Institute.
See Uplift Capacity
A wharf which is built parallel to the shore line.
The number of piles which can be installed in a defined period of time, i.e. piles driven per 8 hour day
A technique for achieving an uncontrolled degree of compaction of granular fill by saturating the soil after it is dumped into the excavation.
Elastic compression of soil during pile driving. A term utilized in wave equation analysis.
A maintained pile load test with time intervals less than 20 minutes between adding load increments. (reference ASTM D1143).
See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil
See Inclined Pile.See Inclined Pile.
See Wale
See Doodle Hole
The specified operation speed for a pile hammer in blows per minute
Reverse Circulation Drilling
A condition rather than a type of soil. Generally, a fine granular soil temporarily super-saturated with rising water and acting as a fluid under pressure. See LiquefactionSymbol for piling capacity in tons. Example; 2R is a term meaning twice design capacity
Severe bouncing of the casing of a power pile hammer during driving operations
Usually three recycled railroad rails with edges of their bases welded together and the heads out, driven as a unit
A pile driver mounted on a crane with railroad undercarriage for convenient transportation on the rails and operation on track.Sloping brace, which provides lateral support by transferring forces against a footing or other structural element within the excavation.
The moving or driving part of an air, steam, diesel or drop pile hammer which delivers an impact blow to an anvil and to the pile. Also called Piston if fitted with piston rings.The part of the ram that comes closest to the impact surface of the pile. Sometimes a separate unit of the ram
A pile serving as a guide for locating piles or other structures, or for marine surveying or dredging.
Trade name for a spirally corrugated light gauge shell made in 4 to 16 ft. sections of increasing diameter to form a step-tapered pile.
See Anchor Pile
See Cage
Addition of steel to the concrete to provide tensile or bending strength.
1. See density index. 2. See compactness condition.
A tool attached to the drilling bucket or auger to cut or enlarge the bell at the base of a drilled shaft or caisson.
1. Amount of upward movement of the head of a pile following a blow from the hammer, by reason of the elastic properties of the pile as well as of the soils into which it is driven. Also called Temporary Compression. 2. The upward movement of the head of
A temporary wood or steel sheet piling, braced, single-walled, rectangular-shaped enclosure installed to permit construction of a foundation below ground or water level.
The condition reached when a pile or soil sampler being driven by a hammer has negligible penetration per blow (as when the point of the pile reaches an impenetrable bottom such as rock), or when the effective energy of the hammer blow is no longer suffic
A tube with injection ports installed in a tieback, tiedown or a minipile, and used for secondary grouting.
The characteristic of a pile that shows a decreased static capacity after driving due to pore water pressure changes, soil remolding, stress redistributing in the soil, and other factors.
The factor used for decreasing a soil resistance; See Factored resistance.
See Drive Cap
Soil formed in situ by rock decay and left as a residue after the leaching out of more soluble products.
The sum total of all the forces that oppose the penetration of a pile under a hammer blow or a static force.
A factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated factored resistance of a foundation unit.The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized in shear along the shaft of a pile or foundation unit.The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized at the toe of a pile or foundation unit.The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit; See Capacity.
Driving (striking) a previously driven pile with the same hammer to observe increase (setting) or decrease (relaxation) in pile support capacity.
A structure constructed to withstand the lateral pressure of earth behind it and its own weight imposed on the soil beneath it.
1. A counter-flow method of circulation drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In the direct circulation method drilling fluid pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space around the drill pipe and
Hollow stem chisel with provision to draw bentonite slurry and drill cuttings up the stem during drilling.
A means of stabilizing a bore by maintaining a head of water in the bore above the level of the surrounding water table
See Pile Driver
A special type of pile shoe.
See Offshore Lead
Rotary grinding and cutting device primarily used to fracture or soften rock.
Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion
A natural aggregate of minerals that cannot readily be broken by hand. The ultimate soils material upon which to base a foundation. The compressive strength of good stone is greatly in excess of that of masonry. Limestones may be subject to caving as a re
High Tensile bars or cables grouted into holes drilled into rock. See Appendix C
Pile toe protection point specifically designed to develop a toe hold on rock, or to improve penetration into boulder infested soils.A measure of the degree of fracturing in rock cores defined as the ratio of the accumulated lengths (minimum 100 mm) of sound rock over the total core length.
That portion of the pile bore which penetrates into a hard formation beneath less competent overburden. See Drilled-in-Caisson
A method of boring using rotary ( as opposed to percussive) means of excavation
1. A drill machine powered hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically, or mechanically to bore exploratory holes or for installation of piles, caissons, or insitu piles. The equipment may utilize a continuous flight auger or a rotary table and Kelly bar w
See Spoon Blows
A horizontal member securing the piles in a bent.
Southern Building Code.
1. A channel with flanges down attached to the top of a square pile or timber to serve as a bearing plate for the pile cap and to which one or more angles may be attached for retaining the pile cap. 2. A frame that locks the hammer in the leads
A load less than that which would cause objectional settlement, with a factor of safety as necessary to provide for variations in material, workmanship and loading. The safe load for a group of friction piles may be less than the sum of the safe loads for
A factor modifying (reducing) overall capacity or strength as used in working stress design. (Usually having upper case symbol "F". Lower case symbols, "f", are used for factors in ultimate limit states design). The safety factor is defined as a ratio of
The margin (dimensional) between mobilized resistance, applied load, or actual value, and maximum available resistance or acceptable value, e.g., the margin between the mobilized shear stress and the shear strength, or the margin between calculated settle
A coarse grass growing in salt marsh areas; used for rough caulking of breast boarding and around cofferdams.
The category of coarse-grained soil whose particles sizes range between about 0.07 mm and 5mm in diameter
Calibrated device used to measure percentage of sand by volume suspended in a slurry.Percentage of sand by volume suspended in a slurry or drilling fluid. See Sand Cone.Vertical sand columns installed to speed drainage and rapid consolidation of marshy land. Also called Sand Pile and Sand Wick.
Trade name for a device for remote measuring of the stroke of an open-end diesel hammer
(See Helical Screw Anchor)
A pile drilled so as to overlap, or cut into, an adjacent pile.
Slurry wall panel cast against previously concreted panels.
The specific identification of what, to what standards, and where activity is to be accomplished to fulfill an agreement to perform a task and be compensated for said performance to complete a project.To erode soils such as from a river bank or around and under a pier by the circular orbits or fast flow of water
A pile with spiral blade fixed on a shaft or a shaped precast pile, which is screwed into ground by a rotating force.
A work constructed along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or masonry walls supplemented with treated timber, steel or reinforcing concrete sheet piling driven into the beach and strengthened by wales and guide and brace piles. Intended as
A wall formed by a series of overlapping concrete piles that are drilled and grouted in place, and generally reinforced with a steel core beam.
Soil particles deposited at the base of wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts.Small quantity of water percolating through a soil deposit or soil structure such as an earth dam. The quantity of subsurface water leaking into a cofferdam or a building's underground ( basement) area.
The ratio of a soil’s undisturbed strength to its disturbed strength.
Undesirable characteristic of concrete. Separation of the constitutents of the concrete mixture such that their distribution in the concrete is no longer uniform.
The method of determining subsurface soil and rock conditions (without excavation) by inducing a shock wave into the earth and measuring the velocity of the wave's travel through the earth material. This seismic velocity indicates the types of material it
Instrument used to measure and record the motion of vibrating earth, typically consisting of three sensors on mutually perpendicular axes. Used to establish compliance and evaluate vibration impact. See also Seismometer.
A device for monitoring the direction and intensity of vibration of ground or structures.
Concrete that achieves adequate compaction by its self-weight and the placement procedure without requiring vibration. This type of concrete is used for cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes, and diaphragm walls where vibration of concret
Concrete that achieves proper consolidation by its self-weight without requiring vibration. This type of concrete is typically used for flatwork, but is beginning to be used in deep foundations. The high fluidity of self-consolidating concrete makes the t
1. The net penetration of a pile into the ground per blow or specific series of blows of a pile hammer. 2. The final penetration of a pile or final set, expressed in inches or millimeters per blow.
Total downward of a pile or pile group under applied load.Settlement of a pile, measured at the top, after removal of test loadThe increase in resistance of a pile with time after driving.
The downward movement of a foundation unit or soil layer due to rapidly or slowly occuring compression of the soils located below the foundation unit or soil layer, when the compression is caused by an increase of effective stress due to an applied load o
Measuring points installed to monitor movement of ground, buildings, structures adjacent to deep excavations.
U-shaped drop-forged cast steel fitting with locking pin for attaching cable or chain lifting device to a load.
Pressurized injection of cement-based grout along portion of a pile shaft to improve condition or capacity. Mainly applied to wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts constructed under bentonite slurry
The resistance mobilized on the shaft (side) of a deep foundation. Upward acting resistance is called positive shaft resistance. Downward acting is called negative shaft resistance (See also negative skin friction).
Soil resistance acting downward along the pile shaft because of an applied uplift load.Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft because of an applied compressive load.
A foundation unit that provides support for a building by transferring loads to soil or rock located close to the lowest part of the building.
See Head Block
See Helical Metal Shell.
See Drive CapSee Marine Borer
See End Pipe.
Colloquial term for inclination of a pile left or right from the boom direction
The ability of a soil to resist shearing stresses developed within a soil mass as a result of loading imposed onto the soil
A pile that may form one of a continuous line or row of timber, precast concrete, or steel piles driven interlocked to provide a tight wall to exclude or resist the lateral pressure of water, adjacent earth, or other materials.
Act of placing a corrugated shell on the core or mandrel before it is set for driving into the ground. See Doodle Hole.
Reinforcing plates added to flanges and possible web of H-section to reinforce the point to improve penetration into dense materials. See Pile Shoe.Running steel sheet piles up and down in the interlocks to insure they are free sliding before drivingDetailed drawing expanding on information shown on design drawing. Work can be constructed from this drawing. 1. Support for the sides of any excavation. 2. Support for structure, especially in underpinning. See Bracing
See Side Channels.
See Diesel Hammer, Open End.
The metes and bounds of an area of earth designated for a project.
Colloquial term. See Compound Inclination Pile.
A part of a pile hammer fitted to the sides of the hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the mammer in the leads. Also called Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws Ways, Side Guides.
Pan or tray-like equipment having a screen or mesh bottom; used in laboratory or field work to separate particles of a soil sample into their various sizes.
A lubricator containing a view of the oil flow, which is installed in the fluid line to supply oil to lubricate a pile hammer. See Oiler.
Sheet pile installed by pressing (hydraulic action is commonly used) rather than vibration to avoid damage to adjacent structures.
A fine residual soil or alluvial sediment of mud or fine soil deposited from running or standing water. Feels velvety, smooth and floury between the fingers. Silt particles range in size from 0.002 to 0.074 mm.
A pile hammer in which motive fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and gravity alone acts on the down stroke.
An overall description of the site for a project; ground cover, relative elevations, surrounding environment, the presence of surface water and the normal water table, soil borings, known history, as well as the available access and egress. See Soil Inves
The appraisal of the general subsurface conditions by analysis of information gained by such methods as geological and geophysical surveys, in-situ testing, sampling, visual inspection, laboratory testing of samples of the subsurface materials, and ground
1. A pile driving rig consisting of a fluid power supply, hoisting apparatus, pile hammer and leads, all mounted upon a common sled for movement on skids or rollers. Also called a Pile Frame. 2. A soil boring rig on skids for movement by pushing or drag
See Shaft resistance.
Small hole cut in a pile for attachment of a shackle for handling.
Soil resistance acting downward along the pile as a result of movement of the soil along the pile and inducing compression in the pile.
Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft caused by swelling of the soil that induces tension in the pile.An extension fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the leads of template supported timber, pipe, concrete or H-pile to keep the hammer centered upon, and in vertical alignment with, the pile to permit the hammer's operation free hanging.
Crumbling and disintegration of earth material when exposed to air and moisture.
A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes on the sleeve. An inside sleeve decreases the I.D. at the splice while maintaining the pipe O.D.A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes into a force-fit sleeve. An outside sleeve increases the O.D.
A pile driven into the earth to consolidate the soil and help to prevent it from sliding down a slope.
A viscous liquid (normally a bituminous coating) applied to the pile surface. It is expected to shear under the downward force of settling soil and minimize additional load from downdrag. See Negative Skin Friction.
Pipe device installed vertically in the wall or adjacent ground used to guide a slope-measuring device (inclinometer), which measures wall or ground movement.
Serviceablity Limit States.Fine sedimental soil material still consolidating in underwater conditions.
See Slurry Trench Wall.
Embedment of a wall or foundation into a bearing and/or impervious strata.
See Drilled-in-Caisson.
A maintained pile load test with time intervals greater than 20 minutes. See MLT.
A measure of workability (consistency) of fresh concrete - ASTM C143/C143M-05a Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete. It is performed with a truncated cone 12 in. high, 4 in. diameter at the top and 8 in. diameter at the bottom, fill
A mixture of water and clay (bentonite or mineral clay) or polymer in colloidal suspension. Used in excavated shafts or walls to suspend particles for removal while balancing soil pressure against sloughing.Construction of a bored pile or drilled shaft using slurry or supporting fluid to stabilize the excavation. Concrete is placed from the bottom up, displacing the slurry as the concrete surface rises within the excavation. Also referred to as the Wet-proce
Individual trained and experienced in the mixing, cleaning and use of drilling slurries as well as all operations necessary to properly construct a slurry wall or cutoff wall.An excavation filled with bentonite slurry. Also, a trench backfilled with blended “impervious” soils or cement bentonite. Also, called a Slurry Wall.
An underground wall constructed by mechanical excavating techniques using bentonite slurry to maintain trench wall stability. Wall may be used as an underground water barrier (see Cutoff Wall) by filling with impervious materials such as concrete or mixt
Soil which, when saturated, or near saturated, and subjected to a shearing force, will lose all or part of its strength. The dominant grain size fraction in this soil is usually medium and coarse silt. Soak-sensitive soil is frost-susceptible soil and,
The portion of the earth's crust which is fragmentory, or such that some individual particles of a dried sample can be readily separated by agitation in water; it includes boulders, cobbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter.
A high-strength steel tendon installed in the earth with anchoring provision in soil that will resist movement and prestressed against a wall by an anchoring device. See Appendix C.
A dynamic soil resistance force that is a direct function of pile velocity.
See Geotechnical Engineer.
See Fill, Backfill.
Material that rises inside an open-end pile as it is driven.
A small diameter hole drilled into the soil for the purposes of obtaining earth samples and exploring the subsurface conditions.The complete record of what was found from drilling one soil exploration hole.
Often designated by "J" with a unit of measure of second/ft. According to Smith's definition, soil damping equals J x pile velocity x static soil resistance.
A study of the earth in the area of a foundation consisting of sampling, classification, preparation of logs of borings and a report setting forth conclusions and recommendations. It is basic to the design of foundations and is required by most up-to-dat
A ground improvement technique in which soil is mixed in place with augers while cement is added.
A drilled and grouted steel element advanced into the ground to reinforce and stabilize a soil mass.An earth retention system utilizing soil nails and a structural facing, typically shortcrete, to create a stable soil mass having a vertical or near vertical exposed face.A soil stabilization method that involves installing closely spaced Soil Nails in the soil/rock face to increase its overall shear strength.
The resistance of the soil to penetration of a pile varies according to soil type and density. It is measured in terms of penetration or permanent set per number of blows, i.e. 20 blows per foot.Granular soils typically produce less resistance to a pile placed by vibrator, compared to a pile driven by hammer impact. Typically measured by rate of penetration (speed) i.e., mm/s. See Vibro-driveability.
The density of the solid particles in a soil.
See cross-hole sonic logging
The equipment used to extract soil samples from borings or test pits made in a subsurface investigation.Soil Screws™ are a type of helical anchorage in which the steel helix plates are attached to the central steel shaft at regular intervals along the entire length of the shaft. They are used as closely spaced linear reinforcing elements in gravity composi
Treatment of soil to improve its properties; includes the mixing of additives and other means of alteration such as compaction or drainage. Also called Soil Improvement. A type of reinforced slurry wall panel with beam sections installed vertically into the wall. Also, called "SPTC" type of wall panel. A steel beam or pile section installed vertically into the wall to act as an end stop device or structural reinforcing for a panel. Also called a Soldier Pile.
A steel H or WF section driven (or placed in drilled hole) normally vertical, at intervals of several feet to hold horizontal lagging, which is installed to retain soil as excavation proceeds. Also called Soldier Beam.
A machine designed to drive piles using high frequency vibrations in the lower sonic range that cause the pile to resonate.
A method of examining soil to 20 to 30 ft depth by driving or hydraulically pushing a cone, steel rod or small diameter pipe (gas pipe) into the ground with a hammer or maul. With experience, the movement of the rod or pipe under each hammer blow can giv
Device attached to the face of a reinforcing cage to position the cage in the excavation, and provide the required concrete cover.
Old term for density of material divided by density of water. See Solid density.Project-specific requirements indicating applicable codes, standards, and guidelines. Normally, Performance Specifications stipulate the end-results without detailing how to achieve them, whereas Compliance Specifications detail mandatory methods, materi
See Brace.A small wooden peg, hence a spile or pile.
The joint of two pile segments.
Earth, rock debris, etc. to be disposed of.
See Brace.
See Brace.
Standard Penetration Test. See N Value.
See Groin.See Inclined Pile.
Strip steel or plate turned into an open pipe with the longitudinal (spiral) joint welded into a tight seam.
A pile composed of two or more segments of equal or different sections secured end to end, to form one pile. See Composite Pile.
The blows of a 140 lb hammer falling 30 in. onto a 2 in. O.D. x 1 3/8 in. I.D. split-spoon sampler. See N Value.
An enlarged foundation under a column or load to reduce the total bearing stress per square foot to carry the load directly upon the soil or rock.
A fender so built that impact is taken up in part by steel springs, plates or rubber, or by elastic bending of the stucture.
1. A short, strong member, driven and then removed, to break through a hard crust of material or to make a hole for inserting a pile which is too long for placing directly in the driver lead. 2. A moveable vertical pipe or H-section placed through a stron
Devices bolted to a pile hammer to engage it with and permit it to slide along a spud lead. Sometimes called gib.A steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer engages and slides upon one flange of the beam through the use of spud clips bolted to the hammer. Also called H-beam Lead, Monkey Stick, or Pony Lead. See Sketches, Appendix B.
The act of opening a hole through dense material by dropping or driving a spud.Tubular precast reinforced concrete pile, hollow and open-ended. Commonly installed by driving with diesel hammer
Slurry used to support the sidewalls of a slurry trench excavation.
See N Value.
See Box Lead.
Fabricated steel points fastened to the very bottom of swinging box(U) leads, or H-beam leads.
The surveying act of putting stakes in the ground where the piles are to be driven.Prefabricated steel or concrete columns pre-installed in bored piles or drilled shafts to be used as support for Top-Down construction of below-grade structures.
Testing axial compression capacity of a pile by applying load. Movement of the pile is measured during testing. ASTM D1143. See also Load Test.
Proprietary name for a method of load testing a pile in which load is applied to the pile through a pressure chamber by burning solid fuel. Unloading occurs by controlled venting of pressure. Calibrated to provide equivalent static load-deflection plot.
Usually two horizontal timbers placed on opposite sides of a row of piles and drawn together by bolts to pull the piles into line.
A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The width and depth are approximately equal. Also called H-Beam.
Pipe in any wall thickness or diameter; it may be driven closed end or open end. Also called Tube Pile
See Brace.
See End Pipe.An excavation made into the ground in a series of steps or benches.
See Banding.
Unindirectional force per unit area (Compare pressure).
The total stress in a particular direction minus the pore pressure.
See Anvil.
A cast-in-place concrete pile formed by installing successively larger sections of corrugated shell or thin-wall pile; ordinarily installed with a mandrel that bears on a connector between lengths. A cuneiform pile.Plates welded between flanges of structural shapes to reinforce against concentrated loading, as for testing.
Coarse crushed stone or gravel injected into poor bearing soil by jetting and vibro-displacement to improve carrying capacity. See Vibroflotation.
Plates fastened between flanges of an H, or other steel pile at right angles to the vertical axis, for the purpose of increasing the pile's bearing area. See Lagged Pile.
The length of a tieback or a tiedown that is not bonded to the surrounding soil or rock.
The direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground surface relative to the north. See also Dip.
A cord used as a guide for straightness.
The distance traveled up or down by the ram of a pile hammer.
See Settlement Point
A surface loading that is additional to the soil load behind a retaining wall.
A member at right angles to, and resting on or clamped to pile caps, forming a support for the superstructure.
1. A compression member extended horizontally form bent to bent, or pile to pile in a bent, and serving as a stiffening member. 2. A compression member extending from waler to support point which may be another waler or the ground. 3. See Brace.
Small excavation or pit provided in a low point of construction to serve as a collection basin for surface water and near surface underground water.
Usually a self-priming centrifugal type pump capable of handling water with high mud content.
See illustration #6
See Settlement Point
See Leads, Swinging.See Lead, Cardonic.
See Tube à Manchette.
Pile with a taper.
See Caisson Hammer.
The professional responsible for determining and locating in the field the horizontal and vertical coordinates for the project, as defined by the design engineer.
A thin wall pipe pile with bottom closed by a slightly tapered precast point. Driving is done by a mandrel on the point, dragging the pile down-with an assist from a shoulder on the exact length mandrel. See Caudill Drive Point Pile. Also called core d
1. Term used to describe small weld used for temporary purpose. 2. Phrase used to describe the act of hitting sheet piles down with haripin so they will have some penetration into the ground to stabilize the wall as used in "tack the sheets."
A wall formed by a series of contiguous (tangent) concrete piles that are drilled and grouted in place and generally reinforced with a steel core.
A proprietary name for tapered steel piles, usually having twelve(12) sides and fitted with a cast steel driving point. The pile is filled with concrete after installation. This pile is designed to carry heavy loads in friction in poor soils and is top dr
A heavy device with hydraulic rams attached to several individual sheet piles; rams are operated separately to push or pull a sheet while others furnish reaction.A structure which holds a pile hammer in box leads that are wider than the hammer, and permits extended driving by carrying the hammer beyond the bottom of the leads. Also called Hairpin, Pony Leads.Metal rod used to measure vertical movement of test pile at pre-specified depth in comparison with movement of pile head at different applied loadings.
See Uplift Capacity.
A pile designed to resist uplift.
See Marine Borer.
See Soil Boring.
See Load Test.
Shoring system used primarily to provide soil and water retention during construction, and not utilized in the permanent construction.Part of a tieback or a tiedown consisting of prestressing steel, anchorage, corrosion protection, sheathing and coating (if required), spacers and centralizers
The head of a timber pile after being cut or shouldered to accommodate splicer or other devices.
The criterion for when to terminate driving a pile. May be determined by depth of pile penetration, or by blow count per unit of penetration. Not to be confused with Refusal, the point at which a pile can be driven no further.
1. A pile driven to ascertain driving conditions and probable required lengths. 2. A pile on which a static or dynamic load test also may be made to determine its capacity and the carrying capacity of the soils. 3. A pile driven as a guide for efficie
See Quick Test. See also ASTM D1143
See illustration #12.
See Lace.
A type of Tieback installed vertically to resist upward forces
A method of examining soil by excavating a pit to permit direct examination of the materials in place and its degree of compaction, as well as permit test loads directly on what will be the foundation soils.
Corrugated shell or thin pipe, concrete filled, driven with aid of mandrel. See Swage Pile, Helical Shell.
The property exhibited by a slurry that gels when undisturbed and returns to a viscous fluid when stirred or agitated.
A quick-acting valve mounted in the motive fluid line used to control the flow of fluid to a steam/air pile hammer.
1) A rod or cable grouted or fixed to an in-ground anchor to resist soil or other pressure on walls or structures. See Anchor Pile. 2) A system consisting of a Helical Screw Anchor, screw anchor extension shafts and a tieback plate used to resist soil o
Device cast into the wall intended to permit the installation of a tieback through the wall and the transfer of the tieback load to the wall. Also, called tieback sleeve.
Dense heterogeneous mixture of fine-grained and coarse-grained material of glacial origin and compaction. It often contains significant quantities of boulders and cobbles. See Glacial Till and Hardpan.
See Pile Toe.See Pile Penetration.
Soil resistance acting against the pile toe.Allowed variation from the design location of a foundation element or pile.
See Anvil.See Head Block.See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-DevilSee Anvil.
Instrument used to measure inclination of a structure. Typically used to monitor sensitive structures adjacent to excavation and construction sites.
A cut tree, usually debarked, and pressure treated with creosote or other preservative, usually driven small end down. Probably the earliest form of pile.
Also called "base-grouting". Injection of cement-based grout at pile toe to improve condition or bearing capacity. Commonly applied for wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts in Europe and Asia.
Method of constructing a structure from grade downward, constructing the roof and/or floor slabs of the structure in stages with excavation proceeding below the slabs. Typically a diaphragm wall or contiguous pile wall earth-retaining structure and stanch
Rotational energy delivered by rotary type, hydraulic power driven torque motor used to screw helical anchorages/foundations into soil.The empirical relationship between rotational energy used to install a helical anchorage/foundation and its axial load capacity. The higher the installation torque, the higher the axial capacity of the installed helical anchorage/foundation.
An analysis using undrained soil parameters, and not separating the influence of pore water pressure.A proprietary precast concrete-tip pile with thin-shell shaft, driven with the aid of a mandrel.
Concrete placed by the tremie method.
Pipe through which concrete is placed in a slurry-filled panel or shaft.
See Hydromill Excavator.
See European Lead.
A structure constructed along a river of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, with or without a surmounting masonry wall, timber, close timber piling, wood sheet piling, steel sheet piling or reinforced concrete to direct the flow of the river into a more fav
The energy transferred to the pile head and determined as the integral over time of the product of force, velocity, and pile impedance.
1. Placing concrete below water or slurry level through a pipe, the lower end of which is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that the rising concrete from the bottom displaces the water or slurry without washing out cement content. 2. The hopper and drop
Device placed in a tremie pipe, intended to minimize mixing of the concrete and slurry or water at the start of the concrete placement operation. See also Go-Devil, Rabbit
A large heavy tool dropped on a line down a bore hole to advance the excavation in rock under water.1. A temporary work bridge to provide access to work site and support equipment; frequently used in rivers for access to pier construction. 2. A timber, reinforced concrete or steel structure, which is used to support a pile rig during driving. 3. A bridg
A steel pipe pile.
See Box Lead; Appendix B.Universal Building Code.
See ULS
A type of drill bit that has three conical rollers equipped with rock-cutting teeth. Also called a Rock Roller bit1. A block in the leads of a drop hammer causing the release of the weight at a predetermined height. 2. Mechanical device used in diesel hammer to both pick up the hammer and to start the hammer. Also called Trip Block or Tripping Device.
Pile hammer lead fabricated with four main chords in a generally rectangular shape with the chords being connected by diagonal bracing. May have internal diagonals to form a tetrahedral design. The pile hammer is mounted in front of and rides on two of
Title of computer wave equation program standing for Texas Transportation Institute, developed at Texas A & M University for the Federal Highway Administration.
Pipe with flexible rubber sleeves that cover pre-drilled holes in a pipe at specific intervals. Pressurized grouting through a packer forces grout through the holes past the flexible rubber sleeves into the ground outside for the purposes of strengthening
Ultimate Limit States: A structural engineering design methodology that defines performance criteria (deflection, strength, settlement, etc.) that must be met when the structure is subjected to anticipated loading.
1. The maximum load which a single pile will support. 2. The load at which unacceptable movement of the pile begins to occur.The maximum load, computed as a total load or as a load per pile, which the foundation will support without unacceptable movement. See Safe Load.
The velocity of an ultrasonic pulse through concrete or grout is a function of the modulus and density of the material. UPV is therefore a useful guide to quality and uniformity, and can be used to identify anomalous zones in a deep foundation shaft. The
Also called "dynamic force" and "rated driving force". See Illustration #9
See Top-down Method.
A column of concrete placed and left in the ground without encasement. See Augered Pile.
Piles, piers, walls, sheet piling, or other supports added to or replacing foundations under an existing structure to preserve the integrity of the structure or increase its load capacity.Enlargement of the lower end of an augered or drilled pile, shaft or caisson to increase its bearing area. Also called a Bell.
Driving a pile underwater by operating the hammer under water. Provisions must be made for hammer exhaust to the atmosphere for both steam or compressed air powered pile hammers.
A soil classification system based on grain size distribution, liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil.
United States Department of Transportation.
See Continuous Flight Auger.
See Leads, Semifixed.
See Vibratory Driver/Extractors
The weight per unit volume of a material such as soil, water, concrete, etc. Typically expressed as pounds per cubic foot, grams per cubic centimeter, or kilograms per cubic meter.Use of the top-down method to excavate the basement while simultaneously constructing the superstructure.
The resistance of piles to pulling out of the ground. The ability of a pile to resist uplift and overturn forces due to wind and hydrostatic pressure. See Anchor Pile.
A four-bladed vane is forced into undisturbed soil ahead of sampling tube and rotated so the soil shears. Peak and remolded shearing resistance is recorded.
Geotechnical instrument used to measure strain in reinforcement or mass concrete of foundation or structural members such as cast-in-place bored piles, struts, etc.
A pile driving and extracting machine which is mechanically connected to a pile and drives or extracts the pile by oscillating it through the soil. Power source may be either electric or hydraulic. See Illustration #4 & 5.
Ground improvement method in which loose granular soil at depth is densified by the vibrations generated by a vibratory probe inserted into the ground.
Measure of shear strength of a liquid.
The thickness of the metal of a pile.
Qualitative term to rate the predicted ease or difficulty of vibrating a pile into place, considering the soil conditions and vibrator type. Used to differentiate from "driveability". See illustration #14, Appendix B.Trade name for a means of densifying non-cohesive soils by deep vibration coupled with air or waterjetting. A Vibroflot is the instrument used, with an internal motor driving eccentric weights.
The total volume occupied by a soil mass includes the soil particles plus void spaces (which in nature always exist between the particles because of their irregular shape). The void ratio is the ratio of the void space volume to the volume of soil solids
Timber sheet piles consisting of three planks bolted or spiked together, with the middle plank offset so as to form a tongue along one edge and a corresponding groove on the other. See Sheet Pile.1. A horizontal structural member placed along a line of piles or support system to accept the load from the piles or sheets and transmit it to struts, shoring or other bracing. 2. A rubbing strip or fender on the face of docks.
1. A method of advancing a boring by means of rotary drilling utilizing water or a bentonite slurry to stabilize the sides of the opening. 2. A method of examining soil, usually in soft soil or clay, by driving a pipe into the ground and then inserting a
The ratio of the quantity (by weight) of water in a given volume of soil mass to the weight of the soil solids, typically expressed as a percentage.
See Jetting.
The speed of propagation of a stress wave in a foundation shaft or pile.
See Side Channels.
The subsurface elevation at which water will usually be present. Also called Groundwater.
The ratio of the weight of mix water to the weight of cementitious elements (cement and fly ash).
Wall exhibiting a surface free of running water. Patches of moisture or beads of water, [like beads of sweat] may be evident, but free flowing water is not present throughout the wall surface.
A mathematical equation that describes the mechanics of force transmission along an elastic rod (pile) that has been subjected to a mass having a specific initial velocity from which the energy transmission and stress at any point along a pile being drive
A graphic representation of a force or velocity measurement plotted against time.
Title of computer program standing for Wave Equation Analysis of Piles. Developed by GRL for the Federal Highway Administration. Also called GRLWEAP.
See Design Load.
The perforated bottom end section of a well pipe which permits the groundwater to be drawn into the pipe for collection and disposal or use.
Construction of a bored pile or drilled shaft using slurry or supporting fluid. Prepared slurry such as Bentonite, or polymer or unprepared slurry such as water is commonly used as supporting fluid during drilling to stabilize the borehole. Also known as
The World Federation of Engineering Organisations established with the support of UNESCO. It has eighty national engineering institutions as its members, who meet together every two years in the General Assembly of the supreme governing body.
The generic term for a landing place or platform built at the edge or out into water for the berthing of vessels.
Prefabricated vertical drain installed into the ground for the purpose of speeding up consolidation of fine-grained soils. The wick drain attached to a small anchor plate is installed with the assistance of a tubular mandrel. The mandrel is installed by v
Rolled structural steel section in an H shape but with greater depth than flange width, and flanges thicker than the web. See Steel H-Pile.Short length or strips of steel welded near the toe of a steel H-pile to increase its bearing capacity.A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which a slurry of stabilising reagent is injected to the desired depth of stabilisation through the stem of a hollow auger shaft either during penetration or withdrawal. This process can form a single column or group
Flow characteristics of concrete. Important property of concrete for bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes and diaphragm walls if concrete placement is by tremie method or pumping. The slump test is most commonly used to assess workability.
See Production Piles.
See Modulus of Elasticity.
FRENCH GERMAN SPANISH ITALIAN
essai de réception Abnahmeprüfung test di accettazione
Bohrpfahl palo trivellato
poussée des terres aktiver Erddruck
adaptateur Verbindungsstück adaptador
adjuvant Zusatzmittel aditivo additivo
adhérence Adhäsion adhesión adesione
Beimischung, Zusatz material adiciónal
eau adsorbée adsorbiertes Wasser agua adsorbida acqua adsorbita
loess Löß loes loess
cadre triangulaire
inclinaison arrière
granulat (agrégat) Zuschlagstoff arido, agregado aggregati, inertiair Luft aire aria
empuje activo de tierras
spinta attiva del terrenoadattatore, pezzo di connessione
produit d'addition, mélange
additivazione, addizione
entraínement d'air Luftporenzusatz inglobamento d'aria
manche á air, gaine manguera de aire tubo dell'aria
sas à air
force portante limite
Pfahltragfähigkeit
alluvions Alluvium aluvión alluvione
tirant d'ancrage Anker ancoraggio
tête d'ancrage Ankerkopf testa di ancoraggio
poids mort Erdanker muerto
Ankerwand muro de anclaje muro d'ancoraggio
ancoraggio
palplanche ancree tablestaca anclada
aire incluido, aire atrapado
Druckluftschlauch, Ansaugschlauch
extraction/élévateur à air comprimé
zulässige Tragfähigkeit
carga admisible, carga de seguridad del terreno
valore di carico ammissibile
force portante limite des pieux
capacidad admisible de un pilote
carico ammissibile su palo
ancoraggio, corpo morto
rideau d'ancrage, mur d'ancrageancrage, plaque de'ancrage
Verankerung, Verankern, Ankerplatte
anclaje, placa de anclaje
verankerte Spundwand
muro di sostegno ancorato
ferrure angulaire
angle de talus naturel angolo di riposo
anode Anode ánodo anodoanomalie
enclume
contrainte appliquee tensión aplicada tensione applicata
ecran, tablier, voile Dichtungsschürze pantalla, cortina
couche imperméable acuicluso aquiclude
effet de voute Gewölbewirkung efecto de arco inacrcamento
pression artésienne artesischer Druck presión artesiana pressione artesiana
pression au repos Erdruhedruck empuje en reposo pressione a riposo
natürlicher Böschungswinkel
ángulo de talud natural
longueur libre équivalente
Rechnerische freie Stahllänge
lunghezza libera apparente del trefolo
auftretende Spannung
wasserundurchlässige Schicht
limites d'Atterberg límites de Atterberg
méche, tariére Erdbohrer
forage á la tariére foro trivellato
Schneckenbohrpfahl
pieu extrudé Bohrpfahl palo trivellato
atomisation, par impact
atomisation, par injection
Zustandsgrenzen nach Atterberg
limiti di Attreberg, limiti di consistenza
barrena de gusanillo
trivella, punta elicoidale
Erdbohrung, Aufschlußbohrung
sondeo con barrena
pieu à la tarière continue creuse (CFA)
palo trivellateo ad elica continua
Equipement de commande automatique
remblai relleno
pelle rétrocaveuse retroexcavadora
bague d'appui
cuchara de sondeo
structure de bande
barrette Schlitzwandelement barrette
rupture profonde Grundbruch rottura della base
fondation Keller cimentación, sótano basamento
pieu incliné Schrägpfahl pilote inclinado palo inclinatopoultre Balken viga, vigueta trave
Tragfähigkeit capacità portante
pieu porteur Tragpfahl, Druckpfahl palo portante
pressione di appoggio
Hinterfüllung, Verfüllung
chiudere, riempire, riempimento
ziehend arbeitender Löffelbagger
escavatore a braccio rovescio
tube á sédiment, curette
Schlammbüchse, Kiespumpe
sessola gottazza votazza, curetta
soulèvement fondamental/de base
Sohlenhebung, Sohlauftrieb
sollevamento del fondo
corrimiento profundo
capacité portante, portance
capacidad de sustentación
pilote de compresión
charge/pression sur les appuis
Bodenpressung, Auflagedruck
presión unitaria ejercida
charge de sécurité, autorisée
cloison portanteFelsuntergrund roca firme roccia di base
cloche
cassone a campana
flexion Biegung flexión flessionemoment fléchissant Biegemoment momento flector momento flettentebentonite Bentonit bentonita bentonite
berme Böschung, Berme berma berma
faire sauter sprengen volar far esplodere
ressuage Absetzma segregazione
ressuage/ségrégation
garnissage bloqueo
conto dei colpi
surface de fatigue/de roulement
fond rocheux, assise rocheuse
aufgeweiteter Injektionsanker
ancoraggio a campana
Bohrpfahl mit Fußaufweiterung
Aussparung, verkeilen
bloccaggio, intasamento
Rammschläge pro Längeneinheit
Schlagzähler contacolpi
Torf pantano palude
sable en boulance ebollizione di sabbia
bollardboulon Bolzen perno vite, bulloneadhérence du bétonlongueur engagée
Verbundfestigkeit
capot/abat-ventbôme, drome Ausleger, Trägergurt rimbombo braccio
forage, sondage Bohrung, Bohrloch sondeo
pieu foré Bohrpfahl pilote perforado pali trivellati
diamétre de sondage
matériaux d'excavation Entnahmefüllmaterial materiali di prestito
marais, marécage, fondriére
hydraulischer Grundbruch
fenómeno de arenas vivas
contrainte d'adhérence resistencia de adherencia
resistenza per aderenza, adesione
foro, sondaggio, trivellazione
Bohrlochdurchmesser
diametro del foro di carotaggio
1- Forage 2- Sondage/carottage
material de préstamo
gros bloc bolo trovante, blocco
aussteifen, Steife riostra sostegno, puntello
fouille étayée
Aussteifung arriostramiento puntellamento
charge de rupture Bruchspannung tensión de rotura tensione di rotturaBrüstung, Stützmauer muro di sostegno
crevage de piliers
Sohlenhebung, Sohlauftrieb
sollevamento del fondo
Felsblock, Geröllstein, Findling
argile de moraine á blocs
Geschiebemergel, Mergellehm
arcilla glacial con bolos
argilla a blocchi, argilla morenica
cadre, étai, entretoise, étançon
ausgesteifte Baugrube
excavación entibada
scavo contrastato (con puntelli)
étayage, cadrage, blindage
parapet/mur d'appui/épaulement
flambement Knicken pandeo
bâtiment Gebäude, Bauwerk edificio costruzione, edificio
Bauvorschriften regolamento edilizio
chantier Baustelle
bulbe de constraintes bulbo de tensiones
Hohlraumverfüllung
rideau de palplanches ataguia de pared muratura di sostegno
bulldozer bulldozer bulldozer, apripista
sous-pression subpresión, empuje
gros bout Pfahlkopf testa
soutenir, arc-bouter apuntalar sostenere
soudure bord à bord
armature Bewehrungskorb armadura gabbia di armatura
deformazione, schiacciamento
réglement de construction
código de la construcción
ubicación de obra, tajo
terreno di costruzione cantiere
Spannungskonzentration, "Druckzwiebel"
bulbo di distribuzione delle tensioni
injection de comblement
Verbau, Schott, Böschungsmauer
Planiermaschine, Bulldozer
Auftrieb, Schwimmkraft
spinta di galleggiamento
poids volumique déjaugé
Wichte des Bodens unter Auftrieb
peso específico sumergido
peso di volume immerso
cabeza (de un pilote)
Strebepfeiler, Stützpfeiler, Bogenpfeiler, abstützen
caisson Senkkasten cajón cassone
calibrer, étalonner Eichung, Kalibrierung tarar calibrato
grappin
encorbellement Auskragung Kragarm valadizo sbalzo
Bloc de garniture
rideau de palplanches en porte à faux
unverankerte Spundbohlen
tablestacado sin anclar
palancolata a mensola, a sbalzo
matériaux d'amortissement
Bloc de garniturecapillarite Kapillarität capilaridad capillarità
analyse d'un cas caso registrado casi precedenti
trou de forage tubé verrohrtes Bohrloch sondeo entibado foro rivestito
tubage Verrohrung camicia/tubolare
tubo de entibación
paroi moulée en béton Ortbetonschlitzwand
pieu moulé Ortbetonpfahl pilote "in situ"
Präzidenzfall, Vorbild, Fallbeschreibung
tubage, tube de revetêment
Verrohrung, Futterrohr
rivestimento, tubo di rivestimento
muro diaframma in calcestruzzo gettato in operapalo rivestito in opera, in sito
cathode Kathode cátodo catodoProtection cathodique
cavité Hohlraum cavidad cavitàcentimètre cubebatardeau cellulaire Zellenfangedamm ataguia celular avandiga cellulare
coulis de ciment
centreur Zentrierer centralizzato
centrifugeuse Zentrifuge centrifugadora centrifuga
chambre Kammer, Kaverne caverna camera
charges (explosifs) cargas explosivas carica (esplosiva)
injection chimique chemische Injektion inyección química iniezione chimica
propriétés chimiques proprietà chimiche
bague d'appui
Zementsuspension, Zementmörtel
lechada de cemento
iniezione cementizia, boiacca di cemento
résistance interne caractéristique du tirant
Charakteristischer Innerer Ankerwiderstand
resistenza interna caratteristica di ancoraggio
Sprengstoff, Sprengladung
chemische Zusammensetzung
propiedades químicas
fleuret, burin Meißel cincel, puntero
cale
trépan à biseau Fallmeißel trépano punta tagliante
Guide de mandrin
Greifer cuchara bivalva benna bivalve
argile Ton arcilla argilla
coupeuse d'argile
clavette/liteau
gleichförmiger Boden ben gradato
à grains grossiers grobkörnig de grano grueso a grana grossaà grains grossiers grobkörnig de grano grueso a grana grossa
scalpello a percussione
foret à percussion/foreuse à câble
benne preneuse à deux coquilles
représentant technique du client
Technischer Bauherrnvertreter
rappresentante tecnico del cliente
sol à grunulométrie uniforme
suelo de granulometría uniforme
Feldstein, Rollkiesel canto rodado ciottolo
Erddruckbeiwert
batardeau Fangedamm ataguia avandiga
cohésion Kohäsion cohesión coesione
non cohérent
collëides Kolloid coloides colloidi
poteau Stütze, Pfeiler, Säule columna colonna, pilastro
compacter apisonar compatto
compatibilité Verdichtbarkeit compactibilidad compattabilità
compactage
injection solide
Verdichtungspfahl pali di compattazione
caillou/gallet
coefficient de pression du sol
coeficiente de empuje de tierras
coefficiente di spinta del terreno
nicht bindig, kohäsionslos
no coherente, incoherente
incoerente, non coesivo, granulare
dichtgelagert; verdichten
pieu en béton compacté
Verdichtungsinjektion (Kompaktionsinjektion)
iniezione di compattazione
pieux battus pour compacter le sol
pilotes de compactación
pieux mixtes Verbundpfahl pilotes compuestos pali compositi
air comprimé Druckluft aire comprimido aria compressa
compression Druck compresión compressione
pieu en compression Druckpfahl palo a compressione
onde de compression Druckwelle onda di compressione
compresseur Kompressor compresor compressore
charge concentree carga concentrada carico concentrato
béton (armé) Stahlbeton calcestruzzo (armato)
dosage du béton
revêtement en béton
pieu en béton Betonpfahl pilote de hormigón palo in calcestruzzo
coulage du béton Betonierung hormigonado getto di calcestruzzo
tube plongeur Betonierrohr palo di calcestruzzo
pénétromètre à cône Kegeldruckmeßgerät
onda de compresión
konzentrierte Last, Einzellast
hormigón armado, concreto armado
penetrómetro de cono
penetrometro a punta conica
essai de compression dans une enceinte rigide
Druckversuch mit verhinderter Querdehnung
ensayo de compresión
prova di compressione confinata
conglomérat Konglomerat conglomerado conglomerato
consolider setzen, verdichten consolidar consolidatoconsolidation
injection de contact Kontaktinjecktion iniezione da contatto
pression de contact presión de contacto pressione di contatto
conteneur, cadre Behälter contenedor container
Schneckenbohrpfahl
joint de retrait
entrepreneur Unternehmer contratista impresariotir contrôlé gerichtete Sprengung voladura controlada esplosione controllata
transporteur Förderband, Förderer transportador trasportatore
carotte de sondage Kern, Bohrkern testigo
pieu de sondage gekernter Pfahl palo carotato
vitesse de charge constante
gleichmässige Laststeigerung
progresión uniforme de la carga
velocità di carico costante
essai de chargement à vitesse de' enforcement constante
weggesteuerte Probebelastung
prova penetrometrica a velocità di avanzamento costante
Berührungsdruck, Sohlpressung
pieu à la tarière continue creuse (CFA)
palo trivellateo ad elica continua
foro, campione di trivellazione, carota
coupleur Koppelelement ganciocouverture Betondeckung recubrimiento copertura
fissure, crevasse Riß fisura fessura, rotturaberceau, marteau
fluer, fluage, creep kriechen reptar scorrimentovitesse limite de fluage Grenzkriechmaß limite di creep
équipe de montage
cabane/hutte
mur gabionné muro jaula muro a sacco
Kritische Kriechkraft carico limite di creep
traverse/crosse
faire entrer de force
pieux en bois traités à la créosote
Holzpfahl mit Creosot imprägniert
pilotes de madera creosotada
pali in legno lubrificato (con creosoto)
Krippenwand, Wand (Holzsenkkasten)
traction critique de fluage
barrette cruciforme
pierre broyée, roc- piedra machacada pietre frantumate
pieu en forme de coin
voile d'étanchéité Dichtungsschürze cortina
mur suspendu
almohadillado
almohadillado
tranchée, déblai Einschnitt trinchera taglio
mur parafouille, radier diaframma
Schneidering anillo cortante anello di taglio
cyclone
cylindre Zylinder cilindro cilindro
Schotter, gebrochenes Material
pantalla impermeable, -lateral
matelassage, amortissement
abschirmen, abdämpfen
antivibrazione, ammortizzare
blocs amortisseurs/de garniture
matelassage, amortissement
abschirmen, abdämpfen
antivibrazione, ammortizzare
découpage/décolletage
Dichtungswand, Abschlußwand
rastrillo impermeable
emporte - pièce/bague coupante
barrage Talsperre, Staudamm presa diga
traction de référence Vorbelastung carico di riferimento
poids mort Eigengewicht peso propio carico permanentepoids mort Erdanker muerto
temps de descente tiempo de atraso
roche décomposée zersetztes Gestein roca descompuesta roccia decomposta
décompression Druckentlastung descompresión decompressione
foundation profonde Tiefgründung fondazione profonda
Durchbiegung flessione
déformation Verformung deformación deformazione
degré de compactage Verdichtungsgrad grado de apisonado
degré de saturation Sättigungsgrad grado de saturación grado di saturazione
retard Verzögerung atraso ritardo
Facteur d'amortissement
ancoraggio, corpo morto
Zersetzungszeit, Abklingzeit
tempo di decadimento
décroissement par tranches
cimentación profunda
flèche/déviation flecha, desplazamiento
grado di compattazione
poids volumétrique Dichte densidad
poids volumétrique Dichte densidad
dépôt Ablagerung depósito depositoprofondeur de stabilité
Gründungstiefe
profondeur de fiche Eindringtiefe
désableur
dessiccation Austrocknung desecación disseccazionedessiccation Austrocknung desecación disseccazioneconception, projet diseño progetto
charge de projet Belastungsannahme carga de proyecto carico di progetto
détails Einzelheiten, Detaile planos de detalle dettaglio
détérioration Zerfall deterioro deterioramentodétonation Sprengung detonación detonazione
variationappareil Vorrichtung aparato attrezzatura
agotamiento
densità, peso di volume unitario
densità, peso di volume unitario
profondeur de la fondation
profundidad de cimentación
profondità di fondazione
profundidad de penetración
profondità di penetrazione
installation de désablage
Bemessung, Entwurf, Konstruktion
épuisement/assèchement
Wasserhaltung, Entwässerung
prosciugamento, aggottamento
diafragma, pantalla diaframma
rideau souterrain
marteau diesel
tassement différentiel asiento diferencial
digue/barrage
inclinaison einfallen, steichen inclinación inclinazione
désintégration desintegración disintegrazione
déplacement spostamento
écran/diaphragme Scheibe, Abschlußwand, flexible Dichtung
cognement comme un diesel
Setzungsdifferenz, ungleichmäßiges Setzen
cedimento differenziale
Zerfall, AuseinanderfallenVerschiebung, Fördermenge (Pumpe)
corrimiento, desplazamiento
pieu de déplacement palo infisso
charge répartie Verteilte Last carga repartida carico distribuito
échantillon remanié gestörte Probe muestra alterada campione disturbato
dérivation desvio deviazione
dock Dock muelle molo, bacinoéquipe de montage
tasseau/faux pieux
duc d'Albe Dalbe duque de Alba
palplanches doubles
batardeau
injection avec déplacement du sol
Verdrängungsinjektion
iniezione dislocante/ per spostamento
Verdrängungspfahl, Mantelreibungspfahl
pilote de desplazamiento
Umleitung, Ablenkung
pieu avec défaut de surface
boa d'ormeggio, pilone di ormeggio
Doppelwandfangedamm
ataguia de doble pared
avandiga a doppio muro
cheviller
drague Sog, Schleppe arrastrar draga
pelle-dragline Schleppkübelbagger dragalina gru a cingoli
saignée d'écoulement
affaissement Absenkung sfruttamento
draguer Naßbagger dragar dragaredragage
dérive deriva, galería traiettoria
dérive deriva, galería traiettoria
boulon de serrage
forer Bohrer, Bohrgerät sondear trapano, perforatrice
trou de forage Bohrloch sondeo
marteau pilon à double effet
descenso del nivel de agua
Strömung, Stollen, Bohrlochabweichung
Strömung, Stollen, Bohrlochabweichung
pozzo in corso di perforazione, foro di perforazione
pieu foré
pieux forés Bohrpfahl pali trivellati
forage Bohren trivellare
boue de forage fango de sondeos fluido di perforazione
boue de forage lodo de perforación fango di perforazione
outillage de sondage Bohrgerät equipo de sondeo
foncer rammen, abteufen hincar battere
pointe de fonçage Rammschuh azuche
tube de fonçage camicia d'infissione
pieu battu Rammpfahl pilote hincado
pilotes de perforación
fluid deforage/boue de forage
Spulflussigkeit, Bohrspülung
liquido /fango di trivellazione
Bohrflüssigkeit, BohrspülungDickspülung, Bohrschlamm
attrezzatura di perforazione
scarpa d'infissione, scarpa di battitura
Vortreibrohr/Rammrohr
casque d'ajustement serré
palo infisso, palo battuto
fonçage Einbringen/Eintrieben infiggere, battere
rapporte de battage Rammprotokoll parte de hinca rapporto d'infissione
point d'applicationrapporte de battage Rammprotokoll parte de hinca rapporto d'infissione
Rammwiderstand
essai de battage Rammversuch
mouton à déclic maza maglio
Trockendichte densidad seca
poids volumetrique sec Trockengewicht peso seco peso secco
remblayage à sec
fréquence d'attaque/fréquence pilote
résistance dynamique au battage
resistencia a la penetración
resistenza all'infissione
ensayo de penetración
prova d'infissione, prova di battitura
Rammfallbär, Freifallhammer
densité sèche, poids volumetrique sec
densità secca, peso di volume secco
ductile ductilidad duttilità
durabilite Dauerfestigkeit durabilidad durabilità
digue Deich dique argine, diga
force dynamique
charge dynamique carga dinámica carico dinamico
méthode par voie sèche
Streckbarkeit, Duktilität
compactage dynamique
essai de chargement dynamique
dynamische Probeelastung
test di carico dinamico
dynamische Belastung
test dinamico sul palo
sondage dynamique
essai dynamique dynamische Prüfung ensayo dinámico prova dinamica
tarière
poussée des terres Erddruck empuje de tierras spinta del terreno
charge excentrée carga excéntrica carico eccentrico
moment excentrique
excentricite Exzentrizitaet excentricidad eccentricitapression effective presión efectiva pressione efficace
deformation élastique elastische Dehnung deformazione elastica
module d'élasticité Elastizitätsmodul modulo elastico
électrode Elektrode electrodo elettrodoélectro-osmose Elektro-Osmose electroosmosis elettro-osmosiélévation
remblai Aufschüttung, Damm terraplen terrapieno, rilevato
essai de chargement dynamique de pieu
dynamischer Pfahlversuch
Echoloten, Rammsoudierung
ensayo dinámico de penetración
prova di penetrazione dinamica
exzentrische Belastung
wirksame Druckspannung
deformación elásticamódulo de elasticidad
enrober einbetten incluir
encastrement
protection incapsulare
emboîtement
palier de bout
Spitzendruckpfahl palo portante di punta
pertes d'énergie Energieverlust perdite di energia
génie civil Ingenieurwesen ingeniería ingegneria
géologie appliquée Ingenieurgeologie geología ingenieril geologia applicata
inserire, incorporare, incastrare
Korrosionsschutzumhüllung
pieu résistant à la pointe
pilote resistente por la punta
pérdidas energéticas
base élargie
base élargie Fußaufweitung punta allargata
air inclus eingeschlossene Luft aire incluido aria inglobata
résines époxy Kunstharz resinas epoxis epossidi
équilibre Gleichgewicht equilibrio equilibrioéquipement Gerät, Ausrüstung equipo
évaporation Verdunstung evaporación evaporazionedéblais Aushubmaterial material excavado materiale escavatoexcavation excavación escavazione, scavo
excavateur Trockenbagger excavadora escavatoresobrepresión
orifices d'échappement
pieu expansé
explosifs Spengstoff explosivos esplosiviforce explosive
extension, spirale
equipaggiamento, attrezzatura
Baugrube, Ausschachtung, Bodenaushub
surpression interstitielle
hydrostatischer Überdruck
pressione idrostatica eccedente
extenssomètre/jauge de contrainte
Herausziehen extracción estrazione
extracteur
coefficient de sécurité Sicherheitsfaktor
charge pondérée
résistance pondérée
rupture Versagen, Bruch rotura rottura, avariacharge de rupture carga de rotura carico di rottura
surface de rupture Bruchfläche superficie de rotura superficie di rottura
faux pieu
prise incomplète falsa presa
résistance externe du tirant
Herausziehwiderstand des Ankers
resistenza esterna di ancoraggio
extraction, prélèvement
coeficiente de seguridad
coefficiente de sicurezza
résistance pondérée de portée
Bruchbelastung, Grenzlast
"falsche" Erstarrung des Frischbetons
fraguado incompleto
échafaudage de coffrage
fascine Flechtwerk, Buhne fajina fascina
faille Verwerfung falla faglia, fagliamento
butoirs/heurtoirs
remblayage relleno riempimento, riporto
filler Füller filler
remplissage gravitaire Verfüllen riempimento
filtre Filter, Filterschicht filtro filtrotourteau de filtration
fines Feinsand, Feinstoffe finos fini
Auffüllboden, Aufschüttung
filler, materiale inerte di additivazione
perte de produit de filtrage
fond solide fester Grund terreno firme
éclisse
injection de fissure Kluftinjektion
Einspannmoment incastro perfetto
fondation flexible elastiche Gründung cimentación flexible fondazione flessibile
résistance à la flexion Biegefestigkeit
pilotaje flotante
floculé flockenartig floculado flocculante
sol piso, planta piano
flottaison Flotation flotación
écoulement flujo flusso
Stromliniennetz red de filtración rete di flusso
métode des éléments finis
Finite-Elemente Berechnungsmethode
método de elementos finitos
metodo degli elementi finiti
base stabile, fondo fisso
trépan/queue de poisson
longueur de scellement du tirant
Krafteintragungslänge
lunghezza d'incastro di ancoraggio
momento de empotramiento perfecto
resistencia a la flexión
forza di flessione, resistenza a flessione
fondation sur pieux flottants
schwimmende Pfahlgründung
fondazione sospesa su pali
Decke, Geschoß, Etage
flottazione , galleggiamento
Strömung, Abfluß, Durchfluß
réseau de lignes de courant
énergie hydraulique
cendres volantes Flugasche ceniza volante ceneri volanti
marteau mobile
foliation Schieferung foliación fogliazione
faux pieu seguidor prolungi di battitura
Fundament zapata
chef d'équipeformation formación formazione
fondation fondazione
ligne d'écoulement/ligne de coulée
(Ramm) jungfer, Schlagjungfer
semelle/embase base d'appoggio, fondazione, plinto
coup selon système pied-livre
Formung, Aufbau, SchichtungGründung, Fundament
cimentación, cimiento
fracture Bruch fractura fratturatreillis Rahmen pórtico telaio
longueur libre du tirant Freie Ankerlänge
gel, gelée
fréquence frecuencia frequenza
eau douce Süßwasser agua dulce acqua dolceroche friable bröckliges Gestein roca friable roccia friabilefrottement Reibung rozamiento, fricción attrito
pieu flottant Reibungspfahl pilote flotante
gel, gelée Frost helada gelo
action du gel
gonflement dû au gel Frosthebung sollevamento per gelo
lunghezza libera di ancoraggio
fossé couvert/drain à cailloux/drainage par rigoles remplies de matières filtrantes
Häufigkeit, Frequenz, Schwingzahl
palo portante per attrito
limite de gel/de givrage
entumecimiento por la helada
vanne Tor compuerta saracinesca
jauge Messuhr aparato de medida indicatore, misuratore
géologie Geologie geología geologiaindagine geofisica
géologue
géotechnique Geotechnik geotecnia geotecnica
poutre Träger viga
dépôt glaciaire Eiszeitablagerung depósito glacial deposito glaciale
aluvión glacial
argile à moraines
exploration géophysique
geophysikalische Untersuchung
prospección geofísica
réglette de guidage/clavette de calage
traverse d'échafaudage
trave portante, trave maestra
dépôt des riviéres glaciaires
eiszeitliche Flußablagerung
dilavamento glaciale, deposito morenico
furet/scraper
grappingradation granulometría gradazione
niveleuse Strassenhobel niveladora
forme des grains Kornform forma dei grani
diamétre des grains Korngröße granulometria
gravier Geröll, Schotter grava ghiaia
injection gravitaire drucklose Verfüllung iniezione a gravità
mouton sec Freifallhammer maza de gravedad
treillis de poutrespoutres croisées
Abstufung, Kornverteilung
classificatore, maicchina spianatrice
forma de las partículasdiámetro de los granos
martello a gravità, maglio a caduta libera
emparrillado
zermahlen moler macinare
sable grossier
en épi
niveau du sol Geländehöhe nivel del suelo livello del terreno
Geländeoberfläche superficie del terreno
Grundwasser agua subterranea acqua di falda
effet de groupe Gruppeneffekt efecto de grupo effetto di gruppolait de ciment / coulis
voile d'injection Dichtungsschleier cortina d'iniezione
Fundament mit Profileisenraster
piattaforma di fondazione reticolo di fondazione
broyer/triturer/moudre
surface du terrain naturel
superficie del terreno natural
eau souterraine/nappe souterraine
surface de le nappe souterraine
Verpreßmörtel / Zementmörtel
lechada (para inyección)
cemento liquido/ iniezione
pantalla de inyección
injecter inyectar iniettare
injection sous pression Verpressen iniettare
pression d'injection Injektionsdruck pressione di iniezione
butoirs/heurtoirs
murettes-guides Leitwände muro guida
hauban
martillo, martinete martello
Zementmörtel injezieren
derrick maintenu par des tirants
mouton/marteau Hammer, Ramme, Rammbär
trépan benne
pince levier à riper
Transportgeräte
risque Gerfahr riesgo pericolo, rischio
coin de serrage
Stirnwand muro di testa
chaleur d'hydratation Hydrationswäme calor de hidratación calore d'idratazione
se soulever Hebung levantarse
sol dur impénétrable fester Boden oberhalb von gewachsenem Fels
costra cementada, "hardpan"
hardpan, livello molto cementato, crosta dura
installation de transporte
material de transporte
attrezzatura d'avanzamento
poutre en double T/poutre en I
couronnement d'un mur
sollevamento, innalzamento
tarière, mèche Schneckenbohrer barrena salomónica trivella ad elica
hétérogène heterogeneo eterogeneo
extracteur de carotte hélicoïdal
point d'ancrage hélicoïdal
faux pieu/casque de battage
verschiedenartig, heterogen
machine d'extraction
homogène gleichartig, homogen homogeneo omogeneo
horizontaler Erddruck
H-Profilpfahl pilotes en H
Affaissement
Conductivité
remblai hydraulique aufgespülter Boden relleno hidráulico riempimento idraulico
fratturazione idraulica
grappin
Marteau hydraulique
hydrologie Hydrologie hidrología idrologia
pression horizontale (poussée)
empuje de tierras horizontal
spinta orizzontale del terreno
pieux à section en forme d'H
palo con putrella a doppio T
fracturation hydraulique (injection de claquage)
Hydraulische Rissbildung (Claquage)
pression du liquide/chute d'eau
glace et neige Eis und Schnee hielo y nieve ghiaccio e neve
impact Aufprall, Stoß impacto impatto
impédance
imperméable undurchlässig impermeable impenetrabile
imperméable undurchlässig impermeable impenetrabile
tapis imperméable Dichtungsschicht manto impermeable
pieu incliné
copertura impenetrabile
boussole d'inclinaison/inclinomètre
index índice indice
durci verhärtet endurecido indurito
infilration infiltración infiltrazione
ligne d'influence
prise iniciale Abbindebeginn fraguado inicial inizio di presa
entrée, accès entrada immissione, entrata
pression d'alimentation
sol inorganique anorganischer Boden suelo inorgánico terreno inorganico
sur le terrain/in situpieu coulé sur place
résistance en place resistencia in situ resistenza in sito
essai in situ ensayo in situ
inspection Banüberwachung inspección ispezioneinspecteur
Inhaltsverzeichnis, Index
déformation non élastique
nicht-elastische Verformung
deformación inelástica
deformazione non elastica
Einsickerung, Versickerung
Eingang, Zugang, Bucht
ouverture/orifice d'entrée
Festigkeit an Ort und Stelle
Prüfung an Ortund Stelle
test in sito, prova in sito
instruments de mesure Meßgerätausrüstung instrumentación strumentazione
instruments de mesure Meßgerätausrüstung instrumentación strumentazione
matrice rocheuse ungestörtes Gestein roca sana roccia intattaessai d'intégrité Integritätsprüfung test d'integrità
intergranulaire intergranular intergranulare
Spundbohlenschloß
frottement interne innere Reibung rozamiento interno attrito interno
radier Sohle invert arco rovescio
essai préalable test d'indagine
cric, vérin Winde, Presse gato, gata martinetto
pieux vérinés pali precompressi
vérinage
appareil de levage
mâchoires
jet, réacteur Düse chorro getto
zwischen den Bodenkörnern
crochets des joints des palplanches métalliques
enclavamiento de las tablestacas
collegamento tra palancole
Untersuchungsprüfung
hydraulisch eingepresster Fertigpfahl
pilotes hincados a presión
hydraulische Pressgeräte
aparato de elevación
attrezzatura di precompressione
pieux lancés eingespülter Pfahl pali iniettati
jetée/brise-lames/môle
joint Fuge junta giunto
réseau de fractures Fugenanordung diaclasi
karst Karst karst carsico
tige
contre-poids
clavette
kilonewtonpieu central
poinçon de faîte
kilopound/1000 livres
pilotes hincados con lanza de agua
patrón de diaclasamiento
brêler
brêlage
pieu enrobé
retard, déphasage Holzbohlen parete di tavole
bouillie de ciment
terre Land tierra terra
glissement de terrain Erdrutschung
forces latérales seitliche Belastung fuerzas laterales forze laterali
charge latéralepression latérale Seitendruck presión lateral
support latéral seitliche Abstützung sostén lateral
couche Schicht capa stratodélaver lixiviar lisciva
entrablonado, tablones de revestimiento
corrimiento de tierras
frana, scivolamento di terreno
pressione laterale, spinta laterale
supporto laterale, sostegno laterale
auslaugen, durchsickern
perdita, percolato
levée Schutzdamm malecón argine, diga
arête avant/bord d'attaque
perte par infiltration/fuite/défaut d'étanchéité
Leckstelle, Undichtigkeit
perdida por filtración
béton faiblement dosé en ciment
bras de levier Hebelarm brazo de palanca braccio di levaélingue de levage
aggrégats légers agregados ligeros aggregati leggeri
chaux, pierre calcaire Kalk, Kalkstein cal calce, calcare
calcul limite Grenzlastverfahren analisi limite
graisseur/lubrificateur
gaine, chemise Hülse, Mantelrohr
tubage Auskleidung entibación rivestire, incamiciare
fluidification
rupture par liquéfaction
liquide flüssig, Flüssigkeit líquido liquidolimite de liquidité Fließgrenze límite líquido limite di liquiditàindice de liquidité Fließkennzahl índice de fluidez indice di liquiditàsurcharge Verkehrslast sobrecarga
charge Last, Ladung carga caricoélément porteur Tragglied
capacité portante capacidad de carga capacità portante
facteur de chargement factor de carga fattore di carico
Belastungsanzeiger testigo de cargas indicatore di carico
Laststufe incremento di carico
Leichtgewichtzuschlagstoff
análisis del estado límite
rivestimento, incamiciatura
Versagen durch Bodenverflüssigung
corrimiento por liquefacción
rottura per liquefazione
carico accidentale, sovraccarico
elemento di capacità portante
BodenpressungstragfähigkeitBelastungsfaktor, Sicherheitsfaktor
appareil mesurant les chargesaccroissement de charge
incremento de carga
Grenzkraftabfall perdita di carico limite
Belastungsversuch ensayo de carga prova di carico
chargeur Ladegerät máquina cargadora
carga y descarga carico e scarico
Belastungsrahmen aparato de carga attrezzatura di carico
essai statique
courbe de charge Lastsetzungskurve
courbe de charge Lastsetzungskurve
terre glaise Lehm
écluse Schleuse, Schloß esclusa serratura , chiusuratraction de blocage Festlegekraft
loess Löß loes loess
bûches troncos, leños
perte de tension admissible
essai de charge, épreuve de charge
caricatore, draga di caricamento
chargement et déchargement
Lastwechsel, Be-und Entladen
poutre d'essai déchargement
curva de cargas-asientos
curva carico-cedimento
curva de cargas-asientos
curva carico-cedimento
tierra arcillosa ligera
terriccio, argilla da mattoni
bloccaggio/ carico di blocco
Tagebuch, Kantholz, Holzklotz
registrazione dei dati di perforazione
meuble locker flojo sciolto
graisser engrasar, lubricar lubrificare, ingrassare
graisseur/lubrificateur
remblai terreno de relleno terreno di riporto
mandrin/burin
manchon, chemise manguito
ciment à faible chaleur d'hydratation
Zement mit niedriger Abbindewärme
cemento de bajo calor de hidratación
cemento a basso calore d'idratazione
schmieren, ölen, einfetten
aufgeschütteter Boden
essai de chargement par palier
lastgesteuerte Probebelastung
carico di prova costante
Mantel, Hülle, Verbindungsmuffe
manicotto del mandrino
dépôt marin Meeresablagerung depósito marino deposito marinorepère Festpunkt, Spur
marne Mergel marga marnamarais Sumpf, Marsch pantano palude, pantano
gros béton Massenbeton calcetruzzo massivo
fondation sur radier Fundamentplatte cimentación flotante
mesure Aufmaß medición, medida misuramembrane Membrane membrana membranamaille Masche malla
micropieu Mikropfahl pali radice, micro pali
taret/tarrède/ver de bateaux/xylophage marin
referencia fija, marca de referencia
traccia, caposaldo di livellazione
hormigón en masa, concreto en masa
fondazione a piastra (a platea)
apertura della maglia, rete
Verbindung giunto del micro palo
minéraux Mineral, Gestein minerales minerali
mélangé sur place mezclado "in situ"
mélangeur Mischer mesclador, agitador
installation de mélange
matériel mobile equipo móvil attrezzatura mobile
module d'élasticité Elastizitätsmodul modulo di elasticità
module de réaction modulo di sottofondo
humide feucht húmedo umidoteneur en eau Feuchtigkeitsgehalt humedad umiditàmoment d'inertie Trägheitsmoment momento de inercia momento d'inerzia
mouton Rammbär, Fallbär maza maglio (di battipalo)
montmorillonite
assemblage, connexion de micropieu
an Ort und Stelle gemischt
mescolato in posto, miscelato insitomiscelatore, mescolatore
bewegliches Gerät, transportable Ausrüstung
módulo de elasticidad
Erdwiderstandsmodul, Bettungszahl
coeficiente de balasto
pieu d'amarrage
moraine Moräne morrena morena
mortier Mörtel mortero malta
marbré geadert veteado
boue, vase Schlamm barro fango, fango organico
boue, vase Schlamm barro fango, fango organico
tourteau de filtration
injection d'argile Hohlrauminjektion inyección de arcilla
vague de boue Schlammwelle ola de fango onda di fangoStufensprengung
Reihensprengung brillamento su più file
Nachverpressen
screziato, variegato, varicolore
iniezione di miscele a base di argilla
abattage à banquettes multiples
voladura de banqueo por etapas
brillamento su più banchi
abattage à files multiples
voladura de banqueo por lineas
injection sous pression repetée
iniezione a più stadi, riprese
bâtiment edificio alto
humedad natural
étranglement
poutre à aiguille
mamelon Nippel nipplo
mehrstöckiges Gebäude
edificio alto, edificio multipiano
teneur en eau naturelle
natürlicher Wassergehalt, Feuchtigkeitsgehalt
umidità naturale , contenuto d'acqua naturale
espacement des aiguilles
sous-pression de l'eau interstitielle
negativer Porenwasserdruck
presión intersticial negativa
pressione dei pori negativa
frottement latéral négatif
negative Mantelreibung
resistenza all'attrito negativa
ligne de limite d'écoulement
essais non destructifs prove non distruttive
normalkonsolidiert
puits d'observation
graisseur/lubrificateur
pieu oméga
caisson ouvert offener Senkkasten cajon abierto cassone apertotranchée ouverte excavación abierta scavo aperto, trincea
benne polype
matèria organica organische Stoffe materia orgánica materiale organico
oscillateur Oszillator oscilador oscillatore
zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
ensayos no destructivos
injection sans déplacement du sol
Verdrängungsfreie injektion (Injektion ohne Baugrundverdrängung)
iniezione non dislocante
consolidé normalement
consolidado normalmente
normalmente consolidato
Beobachtungsbrunnen
pozo de observación
pozzo d'osservazione, pozzo spia
nichtausgesteifte Baugrube
osmose Osmose osmosis osmosi
affleurement (géol.) zutageliegend afloramiento (geol.) affioramento
plaine d'alluvions Kiesfeld, Sandfeld llanura aluvial
surexcavation Mehraushub sobreexcavación sovrascavosurabattage Mehrausbruch sobreexcavación sovrascavo
surcharge terreno di copertura
surconsolidé überkonsolidiert sovraconsolidato
enfonçage trop avant
surcharge Überlastung sobrecarga sovraccarico
excédent de contrainte exceso de tensión sovrasollecitazione
coussin/patinpanneau Schlitzwandelement pannello
superficie di dilavamento, piana fluvioglaciale
Überlagerung, Deckschicht
montera, sobrecarga de tierra
apisonado en exceso
Überschreiten der zulässigen Spannungen
pression manométrique en psi
dimension des grains Teilchengröße
vitesse des grains
pression de butée
graviers roulés erbsengroßer Kies pinoncillo tondo pisello (ghiaino)
tourbe Torf turba torba
croc à levier/grappin
Kieselstein morrillos ciottolo
socle, pédestal Sockel pedestal piedestallo
écorcé/déroulé
Eindringinjektion
dimensión de los granos
granulometria, dimensione delle particelle
Erdwiderstand, passiver Erddruck
empuje pasivo de tierras
spinta passiva del terreno
résistance maximale au cisaillement
Spitzenscherkraftfestigkeit
resistencia máxima al corte
resistenza al taglio di picco
caillou/pierraille
injection de pénétration
iniezione a penetrazione
Rammprotokoll parte de hinca
essai de pénétration prova di penetrazione
appareil pénétromètre Eindringungsmesser penetrómetro penetrometro
pourcentage en poids Gewichtsprozente percentuale in peso
falda idrica sospesa
filtration fibración percolazione
sondage à percussion Schlagbohrung sondeo de trépano
rendement mécanique
gel permanent Dauerfrost
Daueranker
perméabilité permeabilidad permeabilità
protocole de pénétration
registrazione dell'avanzamento
résistance à la pénétration
Eindringungswiderstand
resistencia a la penetración
resistenza all'avanzamento
Rammsondenversuch
ensayo de penetración
tanto por ciento en peso, porcentage en peso
nappe d'eau suspendue
gespannter Grundwasserspiegel
nivel de aguas colgadas
Versickerung, Porenwasserströmung
perforazione a percussione
terreno helado permanentemente
permafrost, gelo perenne
tirant d'ancrage permanent
ancoraggio permanente
Durchlässigkeit, Permeabilität
linea freática superficie freatica
pilier/jetée/môle/quai
Pfeilergründung
piézomètre Pegel piezometro piezometro
Pegelhöhe altura piezométrica altezza piezometrica
surface piézométrique Pegelniveau nivel piezométrico
furet/râcleur
pieu Pfahl palo
sonnette Rammgerüst machina
Pfahltragfähigkeit
injection d'imprégnation
Poreninjektion (Imprägntion durch Porenverfüllung)
iniezione di permeazione (impregnante)
pH (potentiel Hydrogène)
ligne phréatique, niveau --
Sickerlinie, -oberfläche
fondation ou base d'une jetée ou d'un puits
arranque de un espigón
fondazione di pile, fondazione a pozzo
hauteur, charge piézométrique
superficie piezometrica
attrezzatura per l'infissione dei pali
pouvoir portant des pieux
carga de hundimiento de un pilote
capacità portante del palo
casque (pieux) Pfahlkopfplatte encepado
battage de pieux Pfahlrammen hinca de pilotes
formule de battage Rammformel fórmula de hinca
Rammwiderstand
extraction d'un pieu Pfahlziehen estrazione dei pali
foundation sur pieux Pfahlgründung fondazione su pali
piastra di collegamento di pali, pulvino
engin de battage/membre du personnel de l'équipe de battage
infissione di pali, battitura di pali
formula dinamica per pali infissi
resistance d'un pieu au battage
resistencia dinámica de un pilote
resistenza all'infissione dei pali
extracción de pilotes
extracteur de pieux/engin d'arrachage
cimentación por pilotaje
grillage sur pilotis
groupe de pieux Pfahlgruppe grupo de pilotes gruppo di palimouton
arrache-pieux
prova di carico su pali
mouton Rammbär, Fallbär maza maglio (di battipalo)
Pfahlrammhammer, Rammbär
maza de hinca de pilotes
martello battipalo, maglio da battipalo
essai de chargement de pieu
Pfahlbelastungsversuch
ensayo de carga sobre pilotes
tuyau Rohr tubo canale, tubazione
Rohrleitung oleoducto condotto, tubazione
Rohrnetz, Verrohrung sifonamiento sifonamento
piston
sonde à piston
fosse, puits Grube, Baugrube préstamo, foso
déblais Boden aus der Grube todo uno materiale escavato
pipeline/canalisation
renard (érosion interne)
Hohlkolbenprobeentnehmer
tomamuestras de pistón
campionatore a pistonebuca, cava, scavo, pozzetto
plano de debilidad piano di debolezza
déformation plane deformación plana deformazione piana
béton plastique Tonbeton calcestruzzo plastico
Tonbetonschlitzwand
déformation plastique deformazione plastica
limite de plasticité límite plástico limite di plasticità
sol plastique plastischer Boden suelo plástico terreno plasticoplasticité Plastizität plasticidad plasticità
indice de plasticité Plastizitätszahl indice di plasticità
Plattendruckversuch
Verschluß, Dübel tapón tappo
pieu à l'aplombcaisson pneumatique Druckluftsenkkasten cassone pneumatico
pieu-colonne palo portante di punta
effort de pointe Punktlast carico di punta
résistance à la pointe Spitzenwiderstand resistenza di punta
coefficient de Poisson Poissonsche Zahl módulo de Poisson rapporto di Poisson
polymère Polymer polimero polimero
surface de moindre résistance
schwache Schnittebeneebener Verformungszustand
paroi moulée en béton plastique
muro di calcestruzzo plastico
plastische Verformung
deformación plástica
Plastizitätsgrenze, Ausrollgrenze
índice de plasticidad
essai de charge sur plaque
ensayo de carga con placa
prova di carico su piastra
bouchon, tampon, cheville
cajon de aire comprimido
Fußpressungspfahl, Spitzendruckpfahl
pilote resistente por su puntafuerza concentrada en la punta
resistencia por la punta
former une mare Teich embalsar stagno
mal calibré, -- trié mal graduado mal gradato, assortito
Porenwasserdruck
porosité Porosität porosidad porositá
tarières mécaniques Kraftlöffelbohrer barrenas de motor trivelle meccaniche
schlecht abgestuft, schlecht gekörnt
disparition de la pression interstitielle
Porenwasserdruckauflösung
disipación de las presiónes intersticiales
dissipazione della pressione dei pori
pression de l'eau interstitielle
presión intersticial del agua
pressione dell'acqua dei pori
Panneau à précontrainte postérieure
précontrainte postérieure/post-tension
groupe/centrale hydraulique
présondage Vorbohrung sondeo previo preforo
bèton préfabriqué Betonfertigteil
Fertigteilschiltzwand
pieu préfabriqué Betonfertigpfahl
précompression Vorbelastungdruck precompresión precompressionepréconsolidation Vorkonsolidierung preconsolidación preconsolidazione
préfabrication prefabricación prefabbricazione
étude préliminaire Voruntersuchung estudio preliminar indagine preliminare
micropieu préliminaire micropalo preliminari
pieu préliminaire Probepfahl palo preliminare
Vorbelastung carga previa precarico
pieu ballasté injecté Prepacked-Pfahl palo prefabbricato
conservation Konservierung conservación preservazione
hormigón prefabricado
calcestruzzo preconfezionato, prefabricato
paroi préfabriquée en bèton
muro diaframma di calcestruzzo prefabbricato
pilotes de hormigón prefabricado
pali in calcestruzo preconfezionato
pression de préconsolidation
Vorkonsolidierungsdruck
presión de preconsolidación
pressione di preconsolidazione
Fertigbauweise, Vorfertigung
pré-allumage/auto-allumage
Vorversuchs-Mikropfahl (Probepfahl 1)
chargement préliminaire
prédécoupage Vorspaltung precorte
pression Druck, Pressung presión, empuje pressioneRuheerddruck empuje en reposo pressione a riposo
bulbe de pression Druckzwiebel bulbo de presiónes bulbo di pressione
jauge de contrainte piezómetro
précontraindre Vorspannung pretensar
pieu précontraint
précontrainte
précontrainte
consolidation primaire Primärkonsolidierung
prerottura, conservazione, pretaglio
pression statique au repos
Druckanzeiger, Manometer
indicatore di pressione, manometro
hauteur de la chute d'eau/charge d'eau
presollecitazione, precompresso
pieu béton filé précontraint
consolidación primaria
consolidazione primaria
projet Projekt proyecto progetto
traction d'épreuve Prüfkraft carico di provasupport, appui Stütze, Steife puntal
protection Schutz protección protezionecouches protectrices Schutzbeschichtung capas protectoras
corroi d'argile Lehmschlag arcilla de tejar argilla compattata
essai de traction prova di estrazione
pompe Pumpe bomba pompabéton pompé Pumpbeton calcestruzzo pompato
essai de pompage Pumpversuch prova di pompaggio
essai, prealable Eignungsprüfung ensayo previo test di idoneità
contrôle de qualité control de calidad controllo di qualità
carriere Steinbruch cantera caua, petraiaquartz Quarz quarzo quarzoquai Kai muelle molomur de quai Kaiwand muro de muelle banchinaboulance Fließerscheinung sifonamiento liquefazionechaux vive ungelöschter Kalk cal viva limi sciolti mobili
puntello, sbadacchio, puntone
rivestimento protettivo, pittura protettiva
Zugversuch, Ausziehversuch
ensayo de arranque
hormigón bombeado, concreto bombeado
ensayo de agotamiento
Qualitätsüberwachung
sable boulant Fließsand arena movediza sabbie mobili
mouton Rammbär, Fallbär maza maglio (di battipalo)
foundation sur radier Plattengründung cimentación flotante fondazione a platea
voie ferrée Eisenbahn ferrocarril ferrovia
étançon oblique
pieu inclinépilon, dame Ramme pisón
pilon, dame Ramme pisón
Schnellabsenkung abbassamento rapido
Registrierapparat velocímetro indicatore di velocità
vitesse de chargement velocidad de carga velocità di carico
battipalo, mazzapicchio, pestello
battipalo, mazzapicchio, pestello
vidange rapide/vitesse de baisse du niveau d'eau
descenso rápido o repentino
tachymètre, compteur de vitesse
Belastungsgeschwindigkeit
alésé escariado alesato
rebond
courbe de gonflement Entlastungskurve
recharger Wiederbelasten ricarico
recompression recompresión ricompressione
pourcentage de carotte Wiedergewinnung recuperación recupero
refus
semelle rectangulaire zapata rectangular
point de référence Bezugspunkt punto de referencia punto di riferimento
pieu en béton armé Stahlbetonpfahl
terre armée bewehrte Erde tierra armada terra armata
armature/renforcement
densité relative relative Dichte densidad relativa densità relativarelaxation Entspannung relajación rilassamento
ausgebohrt, Locherweitern
curva de entumecimiento
curva di rimbalzo, curva di scarico
cargar reiteradamente
Druckwiederholung, Wiederverdichtung
rechteckiges Fundament
base di fondazione rettangolare
pilote de hormigón o concreto armado
palo in calcestruzzo armato
paroi moulée en coulis armé
Bewehrte Einphasenschlitzwand
muro bentonitico rinforzato
Entlastungsbrunnen pozo de descarga
charge répétée carga repetida carichi ripetuti
contrainte résiduelle Restspannung tensión remanente sforzo residuo
résine Harz restina resinarésistance
moment resistant momento resistente
Resonanzfrequenz
re-battre un pieu
mur de soutènement Stützmauer
retardateur Verzögerungsmittel agente retardante additivo ritardante
puits de décharge ou de décompression
pozzo di alleggerimento, pozzo ausiliario
wiederholte Belastung
widerstehendes Moment
momento de resistenza
fréquence de résonnance
frecuencia de resonancia
frequenza di risonanza
muro de sostenimiento, muro de contención
muro di sostegno, paratia
injection d'eau en sens inverse
forage avec injection d'eau en sens inverse
sondeusefondazione rigida
mur rigide starre Wand muro rígido
enrochement escollera
roche, roc Fels roca roccia
ancrage Felsanker anclaje en roca ancoraggio per roccia
boulons d'ancrage Felsanker, Felsnagel perno para roca bullone per roccia
remblai rocheux Steinaufschüttung pedraplen
tige, tringle, barre Stange, Stab barra asta
forage par rotation
forage à rotary Rotationsbohrung
Drehschlagbohrung
rotation Drehung, Rotation rotación rotazionerangée de pieux Pfahlreihe fila de pilotes linea di pali, fila di pali
écoulement Oberflächenabfluß escorrentia deflusso
radier de fondation rigide
starre Gründungsplatte
solera rígida, cimentación rígida
muro rigido, paratia rigida
Steinschüttung, Steinwurf
fondazione subacquea in pietrame alla rinfusa
inerte gradato per dighe in terra
fleuret en losange torsadé
sondeo rotativo sin testigo
perforazione a rotazione
perforation par rotation-percussion
perforación por percusión y rotación
perforazione a rotopercussione
rupture Bruch, Platzen rotura rottura
charge admissible zulässige Last carga admisible carico ammissibile
coefficient de sécurité Sicherheitsfaktor fattore di sicurezza
marge de sécurité
sels Salze sales saliéchantillon Probe, Muster muestra campione
Entnahmestörung
carottier Entnahmerohr tubo de testigo
sable Sand arena sabbia
drains de sable drenes de arena dreni in sabbia
pieu de sable Sandpfahl pilote de arena palo in sabbiasol saturé gesättigter Boden suelo saturado terreno saturo
patte de fixation/sabot d'appui
coeficiente de seguridad
remaniement lors de la prise d'echantillon
alteración de las muestras durante la toma
disturbo del campionamento
cuiller pour prise d'echantillon
Entnahmelöffel, Rohrsonde
cucharilla para toma de muestras
cucchiaia campionatricetubo campionatore, fustella
Sandabflußrinne, Sanddrän
echelle Maßtab escala bilanciascarificateur escarificador scarificatore
escarpé Steilhang escarpe scarpatadomaine de travail
affouillement socavación
décapeuse, scraper robadera, scraper ruspa
tamis Sieb pantalla crivello, retino, vaglio
pieu à vis Schraubpfahl pilote de rosca pali ad elica
niveau de la mer Meeresspiegel nivel del mar livello del mare
digue Mole muro costero
sceller abdichten sellar
effet saisonnier efecto estacional effetto stagionale
pieu transversal
panneau secondaire
coupe Schnitt sección sezioneroche sédimentaire Sedimentgestein roca sedimentaria roccia sedimentaria
matière en suspension
percolation filtración filtrazione
Aufreißpflug, Aufreißer
auspülen, unterspülen
erosione superficiale, scalzamento
Erdlader, Erdeschürfgerät
muro a mare, parete a mare
sigillatura, sbarramento
jahreszeitlicher Einfluß
compression secondaire
Sekundärdruckbelastung
consolidación secundaria
compressione secondaria, cedimento secondario
Durchsickerung, Versickerung
courant de filtration flusso di filtrazione
séparation
étude sismique diseño sísmico progetto sismico
célérité sismique velocità sismica
sismographe
sismométre Seismometer sismómetro sismometro
coulis autodurcissant
poids propre Eigengewicht peso propio peso proprio
arcilla susceptible argilla sensitiva
sensibilitécapteur captor sensore
prise (matériaux) Abbindung messa a punto
Sickerwasserströmung
corriente de filtración
Seismologische Berechnung
recherche par méthode séismique
seismische Geschwindigkeit
velocidad de ondas sísmicas
Selbsterhärtende Suspension
bentonite auto indurenete
argile sensible au remaniement
strukturempfindlicher Ton
Empfangsapparat, Meßfühler
suite de couches ou de bancs
Aufeinanderfolge der Schichten
sucesión de los estratos
successione di strati, sequenza di strati
fraguado (materiales)
tassement Setzung asiento cedimento
calcul du tassement Setzungsanalyse analisi del cedimento
courbe de tassement Setzungskurve curva de asiento curva di cedimento
mesure de tassement Setzungsmessung medida del asiento misura del cedimento
Setzungsplatte
point de dilatation
stabilisationégout Abwasserleitung colector, desagüe fogna
manille
puits Schacht pozo albero, asta, pozzodiamètre du fût Pfahldurchmesser diametro del pozzo
schiste Tonschiefer pizarra arcillosa schisto argillosotranchée peu profonde flacher Aushub trinchera somera
fondation en surface Flachgründung
effort de cisaillement Scherkraft corte forza di taglioesfuerzo cortante sollecitazione altaglio
essai de cisaillement Abscherversuch prova di taglio
cálculo de los asientos
plaque repère de tassement
placas testigos de asientos
piano di assestamento
taglio superficiale, scavo superficiale
cimentación somera
fondazione superficiale
contrainte de cisaillement
Schubspannung, Scherspannung
Scherfestigkeit
palplanche
rideau de palplanches Spundwand pared tablestacada
Spundwandsporn
rideau de palplanches Spundwand pared tablestacada
palplanche Verbau tablestacado
bouclier
étayage Abstützung apuntalamiento puntellamento
béton projeté Spritzbeton hormigón lanzado
pelle Schaufel pala, lampa pala, badile, dragaretrait Schwinden retracción ritiro
resistance au cisaillement
resistencia al esfuerzo cortante
resistenza al taglio, taglio
paratia con palancole, palancolata
parafouille étanche en palplanches
tablestacado cortaguas
diaframma di palancolemuro di palancole, palancolatapalificata, revistimento con palancolata
taret/terrède/ver de bateaux
plan/dessin d'exécution
calcestruzzo proiettato, calcestruzzo spruzzato
frottement latéral Seitenreibung fricción lateral attrito laterale
tamis
Siebanalyse
palplanche vérinée
silice Kieselsäure, Silika sílice silicesilt Schluff limo silt, limo
dépôt de silt Verschlammung rellenarse de fango
Baustelle sito, luogo cantiere
recherche sur place indagine in sito
raynures/réglettes latérales
analyse granulométrique
análisis granulométrico por tamizado
analisi granulometrica per vagliatura
graisseur compte-gouttes à débit visible
insabbiamento, deposito di limo
emplacement du chantier
ubicación de la obra
Untersuchung der Baustelle
reconocimientos en obra
frottement superficiel Mantelreibung resistenza all'attrito
Jupe
plaque/mèche Platte, Decke losa, aligerado soletta
ardoise Schiefer pizarra argilloscisto, ardesia
miroir de surface Gleitschicht espejo de falla specchio di fagliaglissement Rutschung, Abgleiten corrimiento
orifice pour élinguerglissement Erddrutsch corrimiento scorrimento
surface de glissement
Böschung talud, inclinación scarpata, pendenza
rupture de talus Böschungsbruch caida de un talud
protection des talus Böschungssicherung protezione del pendio
rozamiento superficial, fricción superficial
scivolo, piano inclinato, frana
Erddrutschfläche, Gleitfläche
superficie de corrimiento
superficie di scorrimento
pente, talus, inclinaison
rottura del pendio, franamento di pendio
protección de taludes
rainure Schlitz ranura fessura apertura
vase/fange
affaissement Ausbreitmaß
boue Bentonitmischung pasta fango, miscela
parois moules Schlitzwand muro calado slurry trench wall
paroi moulée en coulis muro bentonitico
sol tendre weicher Boden suelo blando
sol
ancrage/scellement
asiento, hundimiento
cedimento, scivolamento, frana, abbassamento
Einphasenschlitzwand
sol sensible au détrempage
terreno molle, terreno tenero
sondage de sol
carotte de sondage
sol-ciment suelo-cemento cemento del terreno
caractéristiques du sol
géologueinvestigation Bodenaufschluß
mécanique des sols Bodenmechanik mecánica de suelos
humidité du sol Bodenfeuchtigkeit humedad del suelo umidità del terreno
particule de sol Bodenteilchen partícula del suelo
profil stratigraphique Bodenprofil perfil del suelo profilo stratigrafico
Erdbodenzement, BodenvermörtelungBodenklassifizierung, Bodenmerkmale
características del suelo
caratteristiche del terreno
reconocimiento del terreno
esplorazione del terreno
meccanica del terreno
grani del terreno, particele
stabilisation du sol Bodenstabilisierung
couchis, semelles Stahlträger trave d'armatura
berlinaise
carotaggio sonico
Ultraschallversuch prova sonica
sondage Sondierung sondage scandaglio
écarteur Abstandhalter distanziatore
séparation, intervalle Abstand separación interasse, distanzaportee Spannweite luz, tramo portata, arcopoids spécifique spezifisches Gewicht peso específico peso specifico
spécification especificación specifica
appareil de sondage de sol
estabilización del suelo
stabilizzazione del terreno
peones, estemples verticales
Stahlträgerbohlenverbau, Berliner Bauweise
essai d'ausculatation sonique par transparence
Ultraschallversuch im Pfahl
Fonçage par vibrations acoustiques
essai d'ausculatation sonique par réflexion
Leistungsbeschreibung
spécimen Probe muestra provino, campionemandrinpieu bois
cuiller à fente
matériau d'excavation
flache Gründung
source Quelle, Feder fuente molla, sorgente
perforation
point de jonction/jointure
geteilte aufklappbare Entnahmesonde
tomamuestras partido
divisore di campioni (per quartatura), fustella
échantillon pris à la cuiller
Löffelprobe, Sondenprobe
muestra tomada con cucharilla
campione (ottenuto per quartatura)
fondation superficielle (radier, semelle)
cimentación por superficie
fondazioni estese, fondazione superficiale
perforateur à percussion/trépan
stabilité Stabilität estabilidad stabilità
suspension stable stabile Suspension sospensione stabile
costruzione a fasi
jalonnement/bornage
normes normas norme
tube vertical Standrohr, Steigrohr tubo piezométrico
prova di carico statico
prova di carico statico
prova di carico statico
prova statica sul palo
mouton à vapeur Dampframmbär maza de vapor
acier Stahl acero acciaio
pieu en acier Stahlpfahl pilote de acero palo in acciaio
construction par étapes
Bauablauf in Bauabschnitten
construcción por etapas
étançon/contre-fiche/soutien
Niveau, Richtlinien, Norm
collo d'oca, piezometro, pozzo di misura
essai de chargement statique
statische Probebelastung
essai statique de mise en charge
statischer Belastungsversuch
ensayo de carga estático
essai statique de mise en charge
statischer Belastungsversuch
ensayo de carga estático
essai de chargement statique de pieu
statische Probebelastung
battipalo, maglio a vapore
argile raide fissurée steifer geklüfteter Ton argilla rigida fessurata
raideur Steifigkeit rigidez rigidezza
etrier Bügel estribos staffepierre, roche Stein piedra pietra, sasso
déformation deformación deformazione
Dehnungsmesser
clouage de liteauxstrate, couche Schicht estrato strato
Festigkeit resistencia forza, resistenza
contrainte, tension Spannung tensión sforzo, sollecitazione
Spannungsverteilung
direction/orientation
pièces de renforcement/raidisseurs
arcilla firme fisurada
Deformation pro Längeneinheit, Anstrengung
comparateur, extensomètre, jauge de déformation
testigo de deformación
indicatore di deformazione
force, résistance, solidité
concentration des contraintes
Spannungskonzentration
concentración de tensiones
concentrazione dello sforzo
distribution des contraintes
distribución de las tensiones
distribuzione degli sforzi
courbe contrainte-déformation
Spannungs-Dehnungs-Kurve
curva de tensiónes y deformaciones
curva sforzo-deformazione
fil à plombtraverse
Streifenfundament
coursebauliche Schäden danno strutturale
structure, ouvrage Bauwerk estructura struttura
étai, contre-fiche Steife, Strebe puntal
étai, contre-fiche Steife, Strebe puntal
soubassement Untergrund, Unterbau subsuelo sottosuolo, sottofondo
subsidencia subsidenza
sous-sol Untergrund subsuelo sottosuolo
sous-sol unter der Oberfläche subsuelo
succion Ansaugen succión aspirazioneessai de contrôle Eignungsprüfung test d'idoneitàpuisard pozzo collettore
pompe de puisard
appui Stütze apoyo supporto
fluide d'excavation Stützende Flüssigkeit fluido di supporto
surcharge Auflast sobrecarga sovraccarico
fondation sur semelle filante
cimentación por zapata corrida
fondazione a strisce (nastriforme)
fissuration (de bâtiment)
averias de una estructura
diagonale, puntello, contrasto rigido
diagonale, puntello, contrasto rigido
densité immergée, dejaugée
Raumgewicht unter Wasser
densidad sumergida
peso di volume sommerso
affaissement, effondrement
Senkung, Nachlassen
reconnaissance du sous-sol, investigation --
baugrundtechnische Untersuchung
reconocimiento del subsuelo
esplorazione del sottosuolo
sotterraneo, sotto la superficie
Senkgrube, Pumpensumpf
foso, colector de aguas
force de surface Oberflächenkraft fuerza de superficie forza superficiale
onde de surface Oberflächenwelle onda superficial onda superficialerelevés Vermessung levantamientos perizia
suspension Suspension suspensión sospensionepieu à estamper
essai de système Systemprüfung test di sistema
brocher
réservoir Behälter, Tank depósito cisternapieu en pointe/conique
température Temperatur temperatura temperaturaKurzzeitanker
arpenteur/ingénieur géomètre
tirant d'ancrage provisoire
ancoraggio temporaneo
mur temporaire
armature Zugglied trefolo
Freie Stahllänge
contrainte de traction Zugkraft fuerza de tensión forza di trazionerésistance à la traction Zugfestigkeit resistenza a trazione
contrainte de traction Zugspannung sforzo di trazione
tension Zug tensión, tracción tensione
fissure de tension Zugriss, Zugzone grieta de tensión
pieu en traction Zugpfahl palo a trazioneZugstahl acero en tracción accino in tensione
terrasses Terrassenablagerung depositi terrazzati
faire un essai Versuch ensayar, ensayo prova
charge d'essai Versuchslast carga de prueba carico di provacharge d'essai Versuchslast carga de prueba carico di provamicropieu d'essai test sul micropalo
pieu d'essai Probepfahl test sul palo
longueur de scellement de l'armature
Verankerungslänge de Zuggliedes
lunghezza di fondazione del trefolo
longueur libre de l'armature
lunghezza libera del trefolo
resistencia a la traccióntensión negativa, tracción
tensione di spaccatura, zona di frattura
taret/terrède/ver de bateaux
depósitos de terraza
Abnahmeversuchs-Mikropfahl (Probepfahl 3)
procédure d'essai Versuchsverfahren procedura della prova
machine d'essai Prüfgerät máquina de ensayo macchina di prova
texture textura tessitura
théorie Theorie teoría teoriapropriétés thermiques proprietà termali
carottier à paroi mince
thixotropie Thixotropie tixotropía tissotropia
marées Tide, Gezeiten mareas mareatirant tensor anclado tiranti
tirant Zugstange tirante de anclaje
sous-abattage festverbunden, dicht hermético chiuso, a tenuta
moraine glacaire till
procedimiento de ensayo
Gefüge, Bodenstruktur, Textur
thermale Eigenschaften, Wärmeverhalten
propiedades térmicas
dünnwandiges Probeentnahmegerät
tomamuestras de pared delgada
campionatore a pareti sottili
clapet de réglage/vanne régulatrice à papillon
Verankerung, Bodenanker
tirante (di collegamento)
umgelagerter Boden und Geröll, Mergel
till, detrito glaciale, morena glaciale
inclinomètre Neigungsmeßgerät inclinómetro inclinometropilotis de bois Holzpfahl pilotes de madera palo in legno
Zeit-Setzungs-Kurve
pointe du pieu, sabot Pfahlspitze punta del palo
rupture de base Basisbruch fallo de pie rottura al piede
tolérance
plaque porte-nezterre végétale Mutterboden tierra vegetal terreno superficialeméthode hiérarchisée
couple
torsion Torsion torsión torsione
courbe ou diagramme de tassement en fonction du temps
curva de tiempos-asientos
curva tempo-assestamento
azuche de un pilote, punta de un pilote
déflecteur
transductor trasduttore
zone de transition Übergangzone zona de transición zona di transizione
béton coulé sous l'eau
tranchée Graben, Schlitz trinchera trincea
micropieu defaisabilité microplai prova
pieu a faisabilité Probepfahl pali prova
distrubtion triangulaire
appareil triaxial Triaxialgerät aparato triaxial
cellule triaxiale cella triassiale
essai triaxial
manomètre/capteur Vermittler, Energiewandler
Kontraktorbeton, Unterwasserbeton
hormigón colocado con tubo-tolva
calcestruzzo gettato contubo getto
trépan/foret à couronne1. pont monté sur échafaudage
Eignungsversuchs-Mikropfahl (Probepfahl 2)
dreieckige Lastverteilung
carga repartida triangularmente
distribuzione triangolare dei carichi
apparecchiatura triassiale
Probe für dreiachsigen Druckversuch
cédula triaxil, triaxial
dreiachsiger Druckversuch
ensayo de compresión triaxial
prova di compressione triassiale
tricône
tube-à-manchettes Manschettenrohr tubo valvolato
Bruchlast, Grenzlast
2. appareil déclencheur
dalle armée selon deux directions
zweiachsig gespannte Platte
losa armada en dos direcciones
soletta armata in due direzione
charge limite de rupture, charge portante limite
Grenzpressungsbelastung
resistencia límite de rotura
resistenza al carico di rottura, capacita portante limite
charge limite de rupture
carga límite de rotura
carico di rottura, carico limite
pieu foré
drains sous chaussée Sickerdrainage subdren
souterrain subterráneo sottosuolo
reprise en sous oeuvre recalce sottomurazione
puits à base élargie palo alesato
infiltration Untersickergung
subaquatique Unterwasser subacuático subacqueo
échantillon intact muestra inalterada campione indisturbato
compression uniaxial einachsiger Druck
résistance à la compression sans contrainte latérale
Druckfestigkeit mit Querdehnung
resistancia a la compresión sin constricción lateral
resistenza alla compressione semplice
essai de compression triaxiale rapide
unverfestigter direkter Scherversuch, Schnellversuch
ensayo sin consolidación ni drenaje
prova non consolidata - non drenata
dreno, sottofondo drenante
Untergrund, unterirdischFundamentunterstützung, Unterfangung
mit Kleinem Durchmeßer vorgebohrte Pfahl
pilote de base ensanchada
filtración através de la cimentación
sottofiltrazione, filtrazione dal fondo
ungestörte Bodenprobe
résistance au cisaillement à teneur en eau constante
undrainierte Scherfestigkeit
resistencia al esfuerzo cortante, sin consolidación
resistenza al taglio non drenata
compresión unidimensional
compressione monoassiale (uniassiale)
système de classification USCS
vereinheitlichte Bodenklazifizierung
clasificación unificada de suelos
classificazione dei terreni unificata
coefficient d'uniformité (de Hazen)
Ungleichförmigkeitsgrad
coeficiente de uniformidad
coefficiente di uniformità
poids unitaire Raumgewicht densidad peso unitario
sous-pression subpresión sollevamento
pieux d'ancrage Zugpfahl pilotes de tracción pali a trazionesous-pressions subpresiones
vide Unterdruck, Vakuum vacío vuoto
appareil à palettes sonda de molinete
argile stratifée Bänderton arcilla listada agille a varve
vibration Schwingung vibración vibrazione
vibrofonceurPfhleinrütteln
sol à granulométrie uniforme
Boden mit gleichmäßiger Korngrößenverteilung
suelo uniformemente graduado
terreno uniformemente gradato
Hebung, Sohlwasserdruck
Sog, Hebedruck, Auftrieb
pressione di sollevamento
Flügelapparat, Flügelsonde
apparecchiatura vane, scissometro
extensomètres à corde vibrante
Schwingungsspannungsmeßgerät
testigo de cuerda vibrante
estensimetro a corda vibrante
appareil de fonçage/d'extraction par vibrations
fonçage des pieux par vibration
hinca de pilotes por vibración
infissione a vibrazione
compactage par vibrations
vibroflottation Rütteldruckverfahren vibroflotación vibroflottazione
Erstdrucklastkurve
viscosité Viskosität viscosidad viscositàexamen à vue ispezione visiva
vide Hohlraum, Pore poro vuoto, poro
indice des vides Porenzahl índice de poros
volcan Vulkan volcán vulcanovolume Volumen, Inhalt volúmen volume
Volumenänderung
madrier Gurt carrera, durmiente trave orizzontale
Wandreibung attrito terra-muro
épaisseur de mursondage par injection Spülbohrung
eau de lavage Spülwasser agua de inyección acqua di lavaggiosondage par injection Spülbohrung
teneur en eau Wassergehalt humedad contenuto d'acqua
branche de première compression du diagramme
curva de compresión noval
curva di compressione vergine
visuelle Untersuchung
exámen a simple vista
rapporto (indici) dei vuoti
changement de volume
variación de volúmen
cambiamento (variazione) di volume
frottement contre un mur
rozamiento de tierras con fábrica
sondeo por inyección de agua
foro di lavaggio , sondaggio a circolazione d'acqua
sondeo por inyección de agua
foro di lavaggio , sondaggio a circolazione d'acqua
jet d'eau/forage au jet
rapport eau-ciment
aquifère wasserführend con agua acquiferorapport eau-ciment
niveau d'eau nivel del agua livello dell'acqua
imperméable wasserdicht impermeable
onde, vague Welle onda, ola ondaéquation d'onde
longueau d'onde Wellenlänge longitud de onda lunghezza d'onda
célérité des ondes velocidad de onda velocità d'onda
sols sans consistance suelo blando
altération Verwitterung meteorización
coin, cale Keil cuña cuneoVerkeilung acuñado incuneamento
surface de la nappe souterrainefluctuation de la nappe aquifère, phréatique
Schwankung des Grundwasserspiegels
oscilación del nivel freático
fluttuazioni della superficie di falda
Wasser-Zement-Faktor
relación agua-cemento
rapporto acqua-cemento
Wasser-Zement-Faktor
relación agua-cemento
rapporto acqua-cemento
Wasserstand, Pegelstand
a tenuta d'acqua, impermeabile
mur étanche à l'eau/mur d'étanchéité
Wellengeschwindigkeit
Boden mit geringer Tragfähigkeit
terreno poco resistente
alterazione (alle intemperie)
coinçage, coincement, calage
barbacanes Entwässerungsloch mechinal foro di sfogo
perte en poids Gewichtsverlust périda de peso perdita di pesopuits Brunnen pozo pozzoblindage de puits pozzo rivestito
puits filtrant tubo filtrante well point
filtre de puits Brunnenfilter
môle/brise-lames
structures de quai obras portuarias banchina, pontile
bois Holz madera legnopieu en bois Holzpfahl pilote de madera palo in legno
Holzschutzmittel conservanti per legno
Verarbeitbarkeit docilidad lavorabilità
niveau de travail Arbeitsebene piano di lavoro
Brunnenverrohrung, Futterrohr
entibación de un pozo
Brunnen mit Pumpenbetrieb
tubería perforada para pozo
porzione finestrata del pozzo
procédé par voie humide
Kaikonstruktionen, Kaianlagen
à larges ailes ou semelles
agents protecteurs du bois
preservadores de la madera
facilité de mise en oeuvre
micropieu de fondation Bauwerksmikropfahl micropalo di lavoro
pieu de fondation Bauwerkspfahl palo di lavoro
rayons x Röntgenstrahlen rayos-x raggi-xlimite élastique Ergiebigkeit fluencia
limite di snervamento
limite d'élasticité Elastizitätsgrenze
module d'Young módulo de Young modulo di Young
zero Nullpunkt punto zerosinc Zink zinc zinco
zone d'ecoulement zona di filtrazione
zone de gonflement Schwellbereich zona di rigonfiamento
manchon Koppelelement/Muffe
Injektiongut
resa, rendimento, snervamento
limite apparente d'élasticité
Streckgrenze, Fließgrenze
límite aparente de elastidadtensión límite de fluencia
tensione snervamento
Schubmodul, Youngscher Modul
zone de saturatation capillaire
Bereich kapillarer Sättigung
zona di saturazione capillare
zone d'ecoulement plastique du sol
plastischer Fließbereich des Bodens
zona di saturazione capillare
Durchströmungsbereich
Verpressmörtal/Feinkornbeton
PORTUGESE DUTCH RUSSIAN
teste de recepção controleproef
avegaarpaal
active gronddruk
ajustador, adaptador verloopstuk
aditivo toeslagstof
adesão, adesividade adhesie
aditivo, adição
agua adsorvida
loss
inerte, agregado granulaatar lucht
estaca executada com trado contínuo impulso activo das terras
bijmengsel, toevoeging
geadsorbeerd water
loess, limo argilo-calcáreo
ar incorporado lucht bijmenging
luchtslang
capacidade de carga
aluvião Alluvium/Holoceen
ancoragem anker
cabeça de ancoragem ankerkop
bloco de ancoragem ballastanker
cortina de ancoragem ankerwand
pranchada ancorada
tubo de ar, mangueira de ar
toelaatbare draagkracht
carga admissivel de estacas
toelaatbare paaldraagkracht
ancoragem, ancorar, placa de ancorajem
verankering, verankeren, ankerplaatverankerde damwand
ângulo natural
anodo anode
cortina
aquicluso ondoorlatende laag
efeito de arco gewelfwerking
pressao artesiana
pressao em repouso
hoek van natuurlijk talud
comprimento livre equivalente
schijnbare (fictieve) vrije ankerlengte
carga aplicada, tensão aplicada
aangebrachte spanning
artesische druk (spanningswater)
neutrale (grond)druk
limites de Atterberg
trado avegaar
furo de trado avegaar boring
avegaarpaal
avegaarpaal
Atterbergse grenzen
estaca executada com trado contínuo (CFA)
estaca executada com trado contínuo
aterro aanvulling
retroscavadora
limpadeira puls
barreta diepwand element
rotura pela base
fundaçao kelder
estaca inclinada schoorpaalviga balkcapacidade de carga draagvermogen
estaca de suporte paal op druk belast
carga funderingsdruk
getrokken laadschop
deslocamento pela base
zwel van de (bouwput)bodem
bezwijken ondergrond beneden de voet (van de paal)
firme, sào
flexão buigingmomento flector buigend momentbentonite Bentoniet
berma, banqueta berm
desmontar a fogo
ressurgência
kalender (bij heien)
(diepe, draagkrachtige) rotslaag
ancoragem em forma de sino
injectieanker met verbreed uiteinde
caixão em forma de sino
boorpaal met verbrede voet
doen springen, opblazenbleeding (van beton)
blocos de encunhamento, calços
verstopping (van verticale drains)
contagem de pancadas
contador de pancadas klappen teller
turfeira
passagem a movediça
parafuso bout
flutuantes de proteção giek
sondagem
boorpaal
material de escavação uitkomende grond
moeras, drassig land
opbarsten van zandbodem (bijvoorbeeld door piping)
resistencia de aderencia
aanhechtingssterkte
boren, boring, boorgat
estaca executada à rotação
diametro do furo de sondagem
diameter van het boorgat
godo grosso steen
conglomerado
escora stempelen
escavação entivada
entivação stempel
tensão de rotura breukspanningmuro de suporte keermuur
deslocamento pela base
zwel van de (bouwput)bodem
kleileem, klei met stenen
gestempelde ontgraving
knikken
edificio, construção gebouw, bouwwerk
bouwvoorschrift
estaleiro bouwplaats
bolbo de tensões
kistdam
tractor de lamina bulldozer
impulsão opdrijven
topo, cabeca paalkop
ondersteunen
gaiola (de armaduras) wapeningskorf
flambagem, encurvadura
regulamento de construção
spanningsconcentratie
aterro no tardoz duma cortina
opvullen van holle ruimte
cortina de estacas, cortina
peso especifico submerso
onderwater gewicht, effectief gewicht
sustentar com contrafortes
caixão caisson
aferir, calibrar calibratie
consola uitkragende ligger
estacas-pranchas em consola
onverankerde damwand
capilaridade capilairiteit
encamisamento casing
tubo de revestimento casing buis
diepwand
boorpaal
historico de casos, exemplos tipicos
voorbeeld van een uitgevoerd project
furo de sondagem entubado
met casing ondersteund boorgat
parede de betão armado moldada no soloestaca moldada no solo
catodo kathode
cavidade holte
ensecadeira celular
calda de cimento grout
centralizador
centrifugadora centrifuge
camara, caverna kamer
cargas de explosivos springlading
chemische injectie
propridades quimicas
kistdam opgebouwd uit celvormige elementen
zoeker, centreer hulpmiddel
resistência interna característica duma ancoragem
karakteristieke sterkte van het verankeringselement
injecção de produtos quimicos
chemische samenstelling
cinzel beitel
trepano
argila klei
opzichter
grosseiro grofkorreliggrosseiro grofkorrelig
snijtand (graafwerktuig)
escavadora de mandibulas
schelpvormige grijper
representante técnico do cliente
solo de granulometria uniforme
grond met uniforme korrelverdeling
kei, steen
ensecadeira kistdam
coesão cohesie
incoerente niet-cohesief
coloides colloïd
coluna kolom, pijler
compactar verdichten
compatibilidade verdichtbaarheid
calhau rolado (burgau, godo)
coeficiente de impulso de terras
gronddruk coefficient
injecção de compactação
compaction grouting
estacas de compactação
verdichtingspaal (zoals een stone column)
estacas mistas combinatiepaal
ar comprimido
compressão
estaca comprimida
onda de compressão drukgolf
compressor compressor
carga concentrada
betão (armado) [gewapend] beton
estaca de betão betonpaal
betonagem beton storten
tubo de betonagem
penetrómetro em cone sondeer apparaat
ensaio edometrico
lucht onder overdruksamendrukking, druk
op druk belaste paal
puntlast, punt belasting
transportbuis voor betonmortel
uni-axiale drukproef
conglomerado conglomeraat
consolidar consolideren
injecção de contacto
tensão de contacto contactdruk
contentor container
avegaarpaal
empreiteiro aannemerexplosão controlada
transportador lopende band
carote (nucleo) boorkern
estaca revestida
carregamento constante
constante belasting snelheid
variação constante dum ensaio de penetração
verplaatsingsgestuurde proefbelasting
grouten van interfaces
estaca executada com trado contínuo (CFA)
gecontroleerd springen (opblazen met explosieven)
paal waarin een kernboring is gemaakt
acoplador koppelingrecobrimento (betão) betondekking
fissura scheur
fluir kruiplimite de fluência kruipmaat
estacas de madeira creosotada
met creosoot geimpregneerde houten paal
muros de suporte celulares
?? (zoals een berlinerwand)
carga crítica de fluência
kritische kruipbelasting
brita gebroken steen
almofada
almofada dempen
trincheira verticale ontgraving
muro corta-aguas
anel cortante snijring
cilindro cylinder
cortina de estanquidade
waterkerend scherm
waterkerend scherm
barragem dam
carga de referência
peso próprio eigen gewichtbloco de ancoragem ballastanker
rocha alterada verweerd gesteente
descompressão drukafname
fundação profunda paalfundering
flecha, deflecção
deformação
grau de compactação verdichtingsgraad
grau de saturação verzadigingsgraad
vertraging
initiële belasting (nullast)
tempo de queda de pulsação
doorbuiging, horizontale verplaatsingvervorming, verplaatsing
diferenca de tempo de detonações
baridade, densidade
baridade, densidade
depósito depot
aanlegdiepte
indringingsdiepte
exsicaça, secagemexsicação, secagem uitdrogingprojecto
carga de cálculo ontwerpbelasting
pormenores details
deterioração uiteenvallendetonação
aparelho apparaat
dichtheid, volumiek gewicht
profundidade da fundaçãoprofundidade de penetração
ontwerp(berekening)
opblazen, doen springen
por a sêco o cabouco, drenagem
ontwatering, bemaling
diafragma
verschilzetting
declive
desintegração uiteenvallen
deslocamento verplaatsing
membraan (diepwand)
assentamento diferencial
depressie (geologie)
carga distribuida verdeelde belasting
amostra remexida verstoord monster
derivação, desvio omleiding
doca, cais, molhe haven, kade
duque d'Alba dukdalf
kistdam
injecção provocando deslocamento do solo
verdringend grouten
estaca de deslocamento
paal met grondverdringing
ensecadeira de parede
arrastar
colher de arrasto dragline
abaixamento
dragar baggeren
deriva
deriva
furar boren
furo de sondagem boorgat
ww.: sleuren, hangen; zn.: dreg
neerwaarts richting van een kracht (zoals in negatieve kleef)
afwijking van de verticaal
estaca perfurada boopaal
furação boren
fluido de furação boorspoeling
lama de sondagem boorspoeling
lama de perfuração dikke boorspoeling
boor equipment
cravar heien
ponteira driving shoe
tubo de cravação heibuis, heicasing
estaca cravada heipaal
equipamento de sondagem
cravação heien
registro de cravaçao
registo de cravação kalender (bij heien)
resistência à cravação heiweerstand
ensaio de penetração heiproef
pilão valblok
baridade seca
peso seco
droge dichtheid, droog volumiek gewicht
droge dichtheid, droog volumiek gewicht
ductilidade vervormbaarheid
durabilidade duurzaamheid
dique dijk
carga dinâmica
ensaio de carga dinâmico
dynamische proefbelastingdynamische belasting
sondagem dinâmica
ensaio dinâmico dynamische proef
impulso de terras gronddruk
carga excêntrica
excentricidade excentriciteitpressão efectiva
deformação elástica elastische rek
elasticiteitsmodulus
electrodo electrodeelectro-osmose electro-osmose
aterro ophoging, dam
ensaio dinâmico duma estaca
dynamische belastingsproef op palendynamische sondering, rammsondering
excentrische belasting
effectieve spanning, korrelspanning
módulo de elasticidade
envolver inbedden
entubamento
perda de energia energie verlies
engenharia ontwerpen
engenharia geológica ingenieursgeologie
coating (corrosiebescherming)
estaca trabalhando de ponta
stuitpaal (puntdragende paal)
base alargada
ar ocluso ingesloten lucht
resinas epóxidicas kunsthars
equilibrio evenwichtequipamento equipment
evaporação verdampingmaterial escavado ontgraven grondescavação ontgraving
escavadora graafmachinewater overspanning
explosivos explosief
vergrote voet, verbrede voet
sobrepressão hidrostática
extracção uittrekken
veiligheidsfactor
rotura bezwijkencarga de rotura bezwijkbelasting
superficie de rotura bezwijk oppervlak
falsa presa
resistência externa duma ancoragem
houdkracht van het anker (grondmechanisch)
coeficiente de segurança
schijnverharding (van beton)
faxina takkenbos
falha geologische breuk
aterro aanvul materiaal
filler, enchimento vulmiddel
enchimento aanvullen
filtro, dreno filter
finos fijn zand, fijn materiaal
base firme vaste grondslag
injecção de fissura
fundação flexivel slappe fundering
resistência à flexão buigsterkte
kleefpaalfundering
floculado flucculent
pavimento vloer, etage
flutuação flotation
fluxo, escoamento stroming, debiet
rede de percolação grondwater net
metodo dos elementos finitos
eindige elementen methode
injectie van scheuren
comprimento de selagem duma ancoragem
weerstandselement (van een grondanker)
encastramento na base
inklemmingsmoment ??
fundação sobre estacas flutuantes
cinza volante vliegas
foliação
follower
sapata fundament
formação formatie, laag
fundação fundering
foliatie (bij gesteente)
adicional de cravação de estaca
fractura breuk, scheurpórtico frame
vrije ankerlengte
frequencia frequentie
agua doce zoetwaterrocha friavel brossige rotsatrito wrijving
wrijvingspaal
gelo vorst
opvriezen
comprimento livre dum tirante
estaca flutuante (estaca por atrito lateral)
empolamento devido ao gelo
comporta, portão poort
opnemer
geologia geologieexploração geofisica
geotecnico geotechniek
viga ligger, stalen balk
depósito glaciar
depósito glaciar glacial uitspoeling
instrumento de medida, bitola, calibrador
geofysische exploratie
ijstijd afzetting, gaciale afzetting
graduação gradatie
niveladora shovel
forma dos grãos korrelvorm
dimensão dos grãos korrelafmetingen
godo, burgau grind
injecção por gravidade
martelo de queda livre valhamer
grouten zonder overdruk
fundação em grelha
moer slijpen
nivel do solo maaiveld,
maaiveld,
grondwater
efeito de grupo groepsaktiegrout
cortina de injecção gegroute wand
fundament van kruiselings gestapelde balken
superficie do terreno natural
água subterrânea, aquífero, nivel freático
calda / calda de cimento
injectar grouten
injecção sob pressão het grouten
pressão de injecção groutdruk
muretes-guia geleide wanden
martelo, pilão hamer
rocha alterada
diepladers
risco
coroamento do muro kopwand
calor de hidratação hydratatie warmte
empolar
dichte tussenlaag grond
equipamento de transporte
levensgevaarlijke situatie
zwellen, rijzen, opheien
trado helicoidal avegaar
heterogeneo heterogeen
homogeneo homogeen
estacas de perfil H H-profiel paal
aterro hidraulico opgespoten grond
fracturação hidráulica hydrraulisch breken
hidrologia hydrologie
pressao horizontal de terras
horizontale gronddruk
gelo e neve ijs en sneeuw
impacto stoot, botsing
impermeavel
impermeavel
tapete impermeavel ondoorlatende laag
ondoordringbaar, ondoorlatend
indice index
verhard
deformação não linear
infiltração infiltratie
presa inicial initiele zetting
entrada, admissão inlet
solo inorganico anorganisch
resistência "in situ"
ensaio "in situ"
inspecção inspectie
endurecido, concrecionado
inelastische vervorming/deformatie
sterkte ter plaatse, in situ sterkte
test ter plaatse, in situ test,
instrumentaçao
instrumentação instrumentatie
rocha sã intacte rotsensaio de integridade
intergranular intergranulaire
damwand slot
atrito interno inwendige wrijving
base de uma conduta omkeren
teste de ensaio onderzoek test
macaco vijzel
gevijzelde palen
vijzel appartuur
jacto
integriteits meting, sonisch doormeten
encaixes de estacas-pranchas metálicas
estacas instaladas sob pressão
equipamento de elevação
mondstuk, straal, spuiten
gespoten palen
junta verbinding
padrão de juntas scheur patroon
karst, carst karst
estacas cravadas com jacto de água
atraso, desfasagem keerwand
terra land
escorregamento aardverschuiving
forças laterais
pressão lateral
suporte lateral
camada laagdeslavar loog
laterale, zijdelingse krachten
laterale, zijdelingse druk
laterale, zijdelingse ondersteuning
perda por infiltração lekkage
levada, açude rivierdijk
braço de alavanca hefboom arm
agregados leves lichtgewicht toeslag
cal, calcáreo kalk, kalksteen
analise limite bezwijkanalyse
manga bekleding
encamisamento stortkoker, stortpijp
rotura por liquefação
liquido vloeistoflimite de liquidez vloeigrensindice de liquidez vloeiindexsobrecarga
carga belastingelemento resistente dragend element
capacidade de carga draagvermogen
fator de carga belastingsfactor
medidor de carga drukdoos
incremento de carga belastingstoename
bezwijken door vloeien
veranderlijke belasting
belastinggrens
ensaio de carga poefbelasting
carregadora wiellader
carga e descarga
estrutura de carga belastings frame
limo leem
eclusa slot
loss
toro, tronco logboek, journaal
perda de tensão admissível
belasten en ontlasten
curva de carga-assentamento
curva de tensão-deformação
lastzakkingsdiagram
força de bloqueamento
ankerschot, ankerwand
loess, limo argilo-calcáreo
loss
lubrificar smeermiddel
aterro
ensaio de carga
camisa, involucro mantel, mouw
brando, frouxo, solto, fofo
cimento de baixo calor de hidratação
lage warmte cement
aangebrachte grondtest met aangehouden belasting
depósito marinho marine afzettingreferencia
marga mergelpantano moeras
betonmassa
ensoleiramento geral balken fundering
medida, medição metingmembrana membraammalha maas, netwerk
microestaca micropile
vast punt, referentie punt
betão de enchimento, betão ciclópico
junta de microestaca micopile koppeling
minerais mineraal
misturado no local in sity gemend
misturador, betoneira mixer, menger
equipamento movel
elasticiteitsmodulus
coeficiente de reacção
humido vochtteor de humidade vochtgehaltemomento de inercia traagheidsmoment
monbiele apparatuur
modulo de elasticidade
ondergrond reactie modulus
martelo de bate-estacas
persoon/apparaat voor positioneren paal
moreia morene
argamassa mortel
gevlekt
vasa, lama
vasa, lama
injecção de argila
onda de lama modderstroom
exploderen in rijen
injecção múltipla
variegado, heterógeneo
modder, waterige modderbrei
het pompen van een grondgroutmengsel
explosão por banquetas multiplas
explodere met meerdere afschuifvlakken
explosão por filas multiplas
grouten in meerdere stappen
sucção capillar
sucção capilar
mamilo nippel
edificio alto, edificio com muitos andares
gebouw met meerdere verdiepingen
teor de humidade natural
natuurlijk vochtgehalte
negative porriendruk
negatieve mantelwrijving
tubo piezometrico observaite put
caixão aberto open caissontrincheira aberta open snede
materia organica organisch materiaal
oscilador oscillator, vibrator
ensaios nao-destrutivos
nietdestructief onderzoek
injecção sem deslocamento de solo
normalmente adensado
normaal geconsolideerd
osmose osmose
afloramento
plano aluvionar vlakke uitspoeling
sobreescavação extrauitgravingsobreescavação verspilld materiaal
recobrimento overdruk
sobreconsolidado overgeconsolideerd
sobrecarga overbelasting
sobretensão overspanning
painel paneel
rots aan het oppervlak
dimensão dos grãos afmetingen deeltje
passieve gronddruk
gravilha fijn grind
turfa veen
kiezelsteen
soco, embasamento voetstuk
groutinjectie
impulso passivo das terras
resistência limite ao corte
maximale afschuifsterkte
pedra, seixo, cascalho, calhau
injecção de penetração
registo de penetração
indringweerstand
ensaio de penetração indringingstest
penetrómetro penetrometer
percentagem em peso
percolação percolatie
heiend boren
permafrost
ancoragem definitiva blijvend naker
permeabilidade doorlatendheid
indringingsregistratie
resistencia à penetração
gewichtspercentage
nivel de águas penduradas
waterspiegel door capillaire werking
sondagem por percussao
terreno permanentemente gelado
nivel freatico
paal fundament
piezometro
altura piezometrica
estaca paal
bate-estacas heiframe
injecção de impregnação
impregnerend grouten
phreatisch oppervlak
pegão, fundação por poços, tubulão
waterspanningsmeter
waterspanningshoogte
superficie piezometrica
piezemetriach oppervlak
capacidade de carga de estaca
paaldraagvermogen
paalmuts
cravação de estacas heien
fórmula de cravação heiformule
resistência à cravação heiweerstand
extracção de estaca
paalfundering
encabecamento de estacas
het trekken van een paal
fundação por estacaria
grupo de estacas paalgroeppilão do bate-estacas heinamer
proefbelastingensaio de carga de estacas
martelo de bate-estacas
persoon/apparaat voor positioneren paal
tubo pijp
pijplijn
erosão interna piping, sifonwerking
extractor de embolo bemonsteringsbuis
poço bouwput
alinhamento de condutas, tubagem
materiais de mineração
vrijgekomen materiaal
afglijdvlak
deformação plana
betão plástico plastisch beton
deformação plástica
limite de plasticidade plasticiteitsgrens
solo plástico plastische grondplasticidade plastciteit
indice de plasticidade plasticiteitsindex
plaat test
tampão plug
caixão pneumático
puntdragende paal
carga de ponta puntbelasting
resistencia de ponta puntweerstand
coeficiente de Poisson Poisson getal
polimero polymeer
superficie de menor resisténcia
vlakke spanningstoestand
parede em betão plástico
wand van plastisch beton
plastische deformatie
ensaio de carga sobre placas
pneumatisch caisson
estaca trabalhando de ponta
encher de água vijver
mal graduado slecht gegradeerd
waterdruk disspatie
porienwaterdruk
porosidade porositeit
trados mecanizados
dissipação de pressões neutras
pressão de água intersticial
gemotoriseerde schroefboor
voorboring
betão préfabricado prefab beton
estaca préfabricada
précompressão voordrukpréconsolidação preconsolidatie
preconsolidatiedruk
préfabricação prefabricatie
estudo preliminar
microestaca preliminar tijdelijke micropaal
estaca preliminar voorlopige paal
pré-carga voorbelasten
estaca pré-imjectada
preservação bescherming
ante-poco; (poço-piloto), pré-sondagem, sondagem prévia,
parede moldada pré-fabricada
wand van prefab beton
prefab betonnen palen
pressão de pré-adensamento
voorlopig onderzoek
voorgeinjecteerde paal
pré-fissuração
pressão, tensão drukimpulso em repouso druk in rusttoestand
bolbo de pressões druk bel
manómetro drukopnemer
pré-esforçar voorspanning
consolidação primária
explosietechniek met initiele scheurvorming
primaire consolidatie
projekt
carga de ensaio test belastingescora prop
protecção beschermingbeschemende laag
argila de amassar modderige klei
trektest
bomba pompbetão bombado gepompt beton
ensaio de bombagem pomp test
ensaio de qualificação kwalificatie test
controlo de qualidade kwaliteitscontrole
pedreira groevequartzo kwartscais kademuro de cais kademuursifonamento vloeiconditiecal viva vloeiend kalk
projecto, empreendimento
revestimentos protectores
ensaio de arrancamento
areia movediça drijfzand
ensoleiramento geral balken fundering
caminho de ferro spoorweg
maço
maço heiblok
snelle inlinking
taquimetro snelheidsindicator
belastingssnelheid
martelo de bate-estacas
persoon/apparaat voor positioneren paal
abaixamento rápido (do reservatorio)
velocidade de aplicação de carga
broqueado, alargado
ontlastingskrome
recarregar herladen
recompressão hercompressie
recuperação herstel
sapata retangular
marca, referencia referentiepunt
terra armada gewapende grondgewapende
densidade relativa relatieve dichtheidrelaxação
met verlengde boor geboord
curva de empolamento, de descarga
rechthoekige fundering
estaca de betão armado
gewapende betonnen paal
parede moldada armada
relaxatie, ontspanning
poço de alivio ontlastbronnen
carga repetida herhaalde belasting
tensão residual
resina
momento resistente
muro de suporte
agente retardador vertrager
restspanning, residuele spanning
tegenwerkend moment
frequencia de ressonancia
resonantiefrequentie
keerwand, keermuur
fundação rigida stijve fundering
muro rigido stijve wand
steenaanvulling
rocha rots, gesteente
ancoragem em rocha rotsanker
rotsanker
enrocamento steenaanvulling
haste stang, staaf
roratyboring
rotary-slagboring
rotação draaiing, rotatie palenrij
escoamento afschot
enrocamento de protecção
chumbadoros em rocha
sondagem com sonda rotativaperfuração por percussão
alinhamento de estacas
ruptura, rotura breuk, scheur
carga de segurança
veiligheidsfactor
sais zoutenamostra
monsterverstoring
monsterlepel
extractor monsternameboor
areia zand
drenos de areia zanddrain
estaca de areia zandpaalsolo saturado
toelaatbare belasting
coeficiente de segurança
monster, monstername
remeximento de amostra
colher para colheita de amostras
escala schaalescarificador
escarpa verhang
infra-escavação uitspoelen
scraper scraper
peneiro zeef
estaca de rosca schroefpaal
nivel do mar
molhe havendam
selar afdichten
efeito sazonal seizoeneffect
sucção doorsnederocha sedimentar sedimentgesteente
percolação
zeeniveau, zeespeigel
compressao secundaria
secundaire druk(-belasting)
fluxo de percolação
projecto sismico seismisch ontwerp
velocidade sismica
sismometro seismometer
calda autoendurecida zelfhardende slurry
peso próprio eigen gewicht
argila sensitiva gevoelige klei
sensor sensor
laagvolgorde
presa (materiais)
seismische snelheid
sequencia de estratos ou camadas
opstijving, verharding
assentamento zetting
zettingsanalyse
zettingskromme
zettingsmeting
zettingsplaat
riolering
poço schachtdiâmetro do fuste
xisto schisteondiepe ontgraving
fundação superficial fundering op staal
esforço de corte schuifkrachttensão de corte schuifspanning
ensaio de corte schuifproef
análise de assentamentoscurva de assentamentosmedição de assentamentosplaca para medição de assentamentos
tubo, conduta de esgoto
paaldoorsnede, paaldiameter
trincheira pouco profunda
resistencia ao corte shuifsterkte
damwand
damwandscherm
damwand
estaca-prancha keerwand
escoramento
betáo projectado spuitbeton
pá shovelcontracção, retracção krimp
cortina de estacas-pranchas
corta-aguas em estacas-pranchascortina de estacas-pranchas
afschoring, stempeling
atrito lateral plaatselijke wrijving
zeefanalyse
silica silicasilte silt
decantar
local da obra
estudo no local
peneiração, análise por peneiração
bouwplaats (flemish: werf)
bouwplaatsonderzoek
atrito superficial schachtwrijving
laje plaat, strook
ardosia
espelho de falha glijdschachtescorregamento afglijden
deslizamento glijden
glijdvlak
talude helling
rotura de talude
protecção de talude
superficie de deslizamento
bezwijken van helling
bescherming van helling
ranhura paneel
assentamento slump
diepwand
slurrywand
solo brando slappe grond
lama, pasta, calda (de perfuração)
slurry, betonietspoeling
muro de lamas (bentoniticas)
parede moldada de lamas bentoníticas
solo-cimento grond-cement
caracteristicas do solo
prospecção grondonderzoek
mecanica dos solos grondmechanica
humidade do solo grondvochtigheid
particula de solo gronddeeltje
perfil do solo bodemprofiel
grondeigenschappen
grondstabilisatie
escoras verticais
Berliner wand
inspecção sónica
ensaio sónico
sondagem sondering
espaçador afstandhouder
espaçamento afstandvão overspanningpeso especifico specifiek gewicht
especificação specificatie
estabilizaçao de um solo
stalen balk, stalen profiel
elementos verticais de escoramento
ultrasonore controle op paalschacht
(ultra-)sonore, akoestische test
provete, amostra proefmonster
limpadeira de fenda pulsmonster-lepel
Lepelsonde
ensoleiramento fundering-op-staal
bron
amostra colhida com limpadeira
ressurgencia, nascente
estabilidade stabiliteit
suspensão estável stabiele suspensie
gefaseerde bouw
normas normen, richtlijnen
tubo vertical standpijp
martelo a vapor
aço staal
estaca de aço stalen paal
construção por estágios (etapas)
ensaio estático de carga
statische proefbelasting
ensaio de carga estático
statische proefbelasting
ensaio de carga estático
ensaio estático duma estaca
statische proefbelasting
stoomblok, stoomheiblok
argila rija fissurada stijve klei
rigidez stijfheid
estribos, cintas beugelpedra steen
deformação rek
extensometro rekmeter
estrato, camada laagresistencia sterkte
tensão, esforço spanning
spanningsverdeling
concentração de tensoes
spanningsconcentratie
distribuição de tensoes
curva tensão-deformação
spannings-rek-curve
fundação contínua strookfundering
dano estrutural
estrutura
escora
escora stempel
subleito ondergrond
subsidencia
subsolo ondergrondgrondonderzoek
subsolo
sucção aanzuigenensaio de controlo geschiktheidstestfossa pompput
apoio
fluido de escavação steunvloeistof
sobrecarga voorbelasting
constructieve (bouw-)schadeconstructie, bouwwerk
peso especifico imerso
soortelijk gewicht onder waterbodemzakking, zetting
prospecção do subsolo
onder het bodemoppervlak
support, ondersteuning
força de superficie oppervlaktekracht
onda superficial oppervlaktegolflevantamentos
suspensão suspensie
sistema de ensaio systeemtest
tanque tank, container
temperatura temperatuurancoragem provisória tijdelijk anker
uitzetten, landmeten
armadura verankering
verankeringslengte
vrije ankerlengte
força de tracção trekkrachtresistencia à tracção treksterkte
tensao de tracção trekspanning
tensão trek
fenda de tracção trekscheur
estaca à tracção trekpaalaço traccionado trekstaal
depositos em terracos terrasafzetting
ensaiar test, proef
carga de ensaio proefbelastingcarga de ensaiomicroestaca de ensaio proefmicropaal
estaca de ensaio testpaal
comprimento de selagem duma armaduracomprimento livre duma armadura
testprocedure
maquina de ensaio testapparaat
textura
teoria theoriepropriedades termicas
tioxtropia thixotropie
marés getijdentirante ancorado verankering
tirante trekstang
dicht
procedimento de ensaio
bodemstructuur, textuur
thermische eigenschappen
amostrador de parede fina
dunwandig monsternameapparaat
rocha saliente sobre o perfil de explosãomoreia, conglomerado argilo-arenoso
glaciale afzetting, keileem
inclinometro hellingsmeterestaca de madeira houten paal
tijd-zakkings-curve
ponta de estaca paalpunt
paalpuntbezwijken
terra vegetal toplaag
torsão torsie, wringing
curva dos assentamentos em função do tempo
rotura pelo pé do talude
transducer
zona de transição overgangszone
betonagem submersa onderwaterbeton
trincheira, vala paneel
microestaca de ensaio proefmicropaal
estaca de ensaio proefpaal
aparelho triaxial triaxiaalapparaat
camara triaxial
triaxiaalproef
transductor, manómetro
distribuição triangular de carga
driehoekige belastingsverdeling
proef voor driehoekige belastingsverdeling
ensaio de compressao triaxial
tubo de manchettes manchetbuis
carga de rotura
carga de rotura
laje armada segundo duas direcções
tweedimensionaal belaste plaat
grensspanningsbelasting
grenslast (flemish: breuklast)
subterraneo ondergrond
reforço de fundação funderingsherstel
infiltração infiltratie
subaquatico onderwater
amostra intacta ongeroerd monster
compressão uniaxial
resistencia à compressão simples
ensaio de compressão nao-adensado e nao-drenado
dreno subterraneo, inferior
estaca de base alargada
resistencia ao corte com teor de humidade constante
ongedrianerde schuifsterkte
classificação unificada de solos
uniforme bodemklassering
coeficiente de uniformidade
ongelijkvormigheidscoefficient
baridade
subpressão opdrijvingsdruk
estacas de tracção trekpaalsubpressões opdrijvingsdruk
vacuo onderdruk, vacuüm
trado-molinete vanetest-apparaat
argila estratificada
trillingsmeter
vibração trillingen
palen intrillen
solo uniformemente graduado
bodem met gelijkmatige korrelverdeling
extensometro de corda vibrante
cravação vibratoria de estaca
vibroflutuação vibroflotation
initiele drukcurve
viscosidade viscociteitexame visual
vazio holle ruimte, poriën
indice de vazios poriëngetal
vulcão vulkaanvolume volume, inhoudvariação de volume volumeverandering
cinta, longarina gording
wandwrijving
água de injecção spoelwaterspoelboring
teor de humidade watergehalte
curva virgem de compressão
visuele inspectie, visueel onderzoek
atrito lateral contra um muro
sondagem por injecçao
sondagem por injecção
relaçao agua-cimento
aquifero watervoerendrelaçao água-cimento
nivel de água waterstand
impermeável waterdicht
onda, vaga golf
comprimento de onda golglengte
velocidade de onda golfsnelheid
solo brando
verwering
cunha wigtravamento wiggen
oscilação do nivel freático
grondwaterfluctuatie
water-cement-factor
grond met geringe draagkracht
meteorização, erosão por agente metereológico
ontwateringsgat
perda de peso gewichtsverliespoço bronnen
bronbuis
furo de drenagem bronnering
tela filtrante para poço bronfilter
kadeconstructie
madeira houtestaca de madeira houten paal
houtconservering
verwerkbaarheid
nivel de trabalho werkniveau
furo drenante, barbacã
revestimento (de um poço)
estruturas portuárias, de cais
preservativos para madeirapraticabilidade, trabalhabilidade
micropaal
funderingspaal
raios-x röntgenstralenelasticiteitsgrens
Strekgrens
tensão de cedência elasticiteitsgrens
módulo de Young elasticiteitsmodulus
ponto zero nulpuntzinco zink
zona de escoamento doorstromingszone
zona de empolamento
mof
microestaca de fundaçãomicroestaca de fundação
fluencia, escoamento, cedencia
limite aparente de elasticidade
zona de saturação capilarzona de escoamento plástico do solo
zwelbereik, zwelzone