Slide 1

World War II SSUSH19: The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government. How can the United States use its resources to achieve victory? Slide 2 The World goes to war War breaks out in Europe in1939 after Germany invaded Polandboth Britain & France declared war. War breaks out in Europe in1939 after Germany invaded Polandboth Britain & France declared war. Hitler imposes his Final Solution on the Jewish population in Europe Hitler imposes his Final Solution on the Jewish population in Europe More alliances are madeTripartite Pact: Germany, Italy, & Japan More alliances are madeTripartite Pact: Germany, Italy, & Japan Slide 3 America Moves Toward War President Roosevelt gave aid in the way of supplies to the Allied countries (Britain, China later Soviet Union) using the Lend- Lease Act in 1941. President Roosevelt gave aid in the way of supplies to the Allied countries (Britain, China later Soviet Union) using the Lend- Lease Act in 1941. Allied countries could be loaned, sold, traded, or leased supplies to be repaid in kind or property Allied countries could be loaned, sold, traded, or leased supplies to be repaid in kind or property FDR helped gain public support by offering the analogy of a neighbors house being on fire: If your neighbors house is on fire, you dont sell him a hose, you give it to him. Then you take it back after the fire is out. This helps your neighbor & makes sure that the fire doesnt spread to your own house. Slide 4 Supplied UK, Soviet Union, China, France and other allied nations with a vast amounts of war material Supplied UK, Soviet Union, China, France and other allied nations with a vast amounts of war material In place from 1941-1945 In place from 1941-1945 Signed into law on March 11 th, 1941 Signed into law on March 11 th, 1941 This act ended American neutrality This act ended American neutrality Hitler recognized this and in response ordered German submarines to attack U.S vessels Hitler recognized this and in response ordered German submarines to attack U.S vessels Lend Lease Program Slide 5 Pearl Harbor b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans. December 7, 1941 December 7, 1941 Complete surprise! Complete surprise! Japanese attack on American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii Japanese attack on American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii More than 2,300 people were killed More than 2,300 people were killed A date which will live in infamy A date which will live in infamy U.S. declared war on Japan on Dec. 8, 1941 U.S. declared war on Japan on Dec. 8, 1941 Officially brings the US into WWII Officially brings the US into WWII The cause of isolationism was gone; former isolationists now supported an all-out American effort. The cause of isolationism was gone; former isolationists now supported an all-out American effort. The only thing now to do is to lick the hell out of them. (US Senator) The only thing now to do is to lick the hell out of them. (US Senator) Slide 6 Main Goals of the Japanese for the Attack 1. Destroy the Aircraft Carriers They were out at sea, away from the Harbor. They were out at sea, away from the Harbor. 2. Destroy as many of the other ships as possible (Mainly Battleships)- USS Arizona completely sunk killing 1177 crew members. Cripple the US Navy in attempt to immobilize them for a target of 6 months Cripple the US Navy in attempt to immobilize them for a target of 6 months 3. Destroy the Oil Supply Would potentially immobilize the Pacific Fleet for a estimated span of 2 years. Would potentially immobilize the Pacific Fleet for a estimated span of 2 years. Slide 7 Slide 8 Slide 9 Reactions to War The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor fueled suspicion & fear among Americans The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor fueled suspicion & fear among Americans Many supported that the Japanese, German, & Italian Americans would end up supporting the Axis Powers Many supported that the Japanese, German, & Italian Americans would end up supporting the Axis Powers As a result, thousands of such citizens were forced to relocate to internment camps. As a result, thousands of such citizens were forced to relocate to internment camps. They tended to be located in remote areas and were meant to keep potentially threatening citizens in an isolated location where the government could keep an eye on them. They tended to be located in remote areas and were meant to keep potentially threatening citizens in an isolated location where the government could keep an eye on them. Slide 10 Japanese Internment Relocation and Internment of approx. 110,000 Japanese American citizens. Relocation and Internment of approx. 110,000 Japanese American citizens. Japanese Americans who were too close to the Pacific Coast. Japanese Americans who were too close to the Pacific Coast. Government afraid of spies. Government afraid of spies. Referred to as War Relocation Camps Referred to as War Relocation Camps FDR authorized the Internment with Executive order 9066 on February 19 th, 1942 FDR authorized the Internment with Executive order 9066 on February 19 th, 1942 Allowed Military commanders to designate exclusion areas for Japanese American terrorist. Allowed Military commanders to designate exclusion areas for Japanese American terrorist. Slide 11 Discrimination during War time FDR ordered the evacuation of more than 100,000 Japanese-Americans from their homeseven though many were US citizens whose families had lived in the US for generations FDR ordered the evacuation of more than 100,000 Japanese-Americans from their homeseven though many were US citizens whose families had lived in the US for generations In 1944, the US Supreme Court ruled that the internment was lawful and justified due to the military urgency of the situation. In 1944, the US Supreme Court ruled that the internment was lawful and justified due to the military urgency of the situation. 1983: the US government formally recognized the injustice and authorized payments of $20,000 to each Japanese American who had suffered. 1983: the US government formally recognized the injustice and authorized payments of $20,000 to each Japanese American who had suffered. Slide 12 d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in war industries. Slide 13 War Mobilization To prepare the country for war Roosevelt created the War Production Board to help regulate the switch to war time production To prepare the country for war Roosevelt created the War Production Board to help regulate the switch to war time production The automobile industry switched to almost exclusively making tanks, jeeps, trucks, and airplanes The automobile industry switched to almost exclusively making tanks, jeeps, trucks, and airplanes Slide 14 On the Homefront Many young men left home to fight the war in Europeonce again, women were left to take their place in the workforce Many young men left home to fight the war in Europeonce again, women were left to take their place in the workforce Over 6 million women took factory jobs for men Over 6 million women took factory jobs for men 3 million volunteered for the Red Cross 3 million volunteered for the Red Cross More women joined the military; some 350,000 served in WWII More women joined the military; some 350,000 served in WWII WAC (Womens Army Corps) WAC (Womens Army Corps) Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) Slide 15 Homefront Sacrifices As industry tooled for war, Americans experienced shortages in consumer goods. As industry tooled for war, Americans experienced shortages in consumer goods. Government-issued ration books limited the amount of sugar, meat, gasoline, & other goods that people could purchase. Government-issued ration books limited the amount of sugar, meat, gasoline, & other goods that people could purchase. Americans were encouraged to purchase war bonds to help finance the war. Americans were encouraged to purchase war bonds to help finance the war. Victory Gardens became very popular Victory Gardens became very popular Slide 16 Fight for Civil Rights Continues a. Explain A. Philip Randolphs proposed march on Washington, D.C., and President Franklin D. Roosevelts response. Throughout the war, the US remained segregated in both civilian & military life. Throughout the war, the US remained segregated in both civilian & military life. Once again, blacks moved from the South to the industrialized North to find employment. Once again, blacks moved from the South to the industrialized North to find employment. To fight discrimination against African Americans in the military & in the workplace, A. Philip Randolph, the nations most respected African American labor leader, organized a march to occur at the capital to fight for equal rights. To fight discrimination against African Americans in the military & in the workplace, A. Philip Randolph, the nations most respected African American labor leader, organized a march to occur at the capital to fight for equal rights. We Loyal Colored Americans Demand the Right to Work and Fight for Our Country We Loyal Colored Americans Demand the Right to Work and Fight for Our Country If it cost money to finance a march on Washington, let Negroes pay for it. If any sacrifices are made for Negro rights in National Defense, let Negroes make them. If it cost money to finance a march on Washington, let Negroes pay for it. If any sacrifices are made for Negro rights in National Defense, let Negroes make them. Slide 17 FDRs Response Tried to persuade Randolph out of itand failed. Tried to persuade Randolph out of itand failed. Fearing a protest of 100,000+ people, FDR backed down & reluctantly signed the Executive Order 8802 in 1941 which called on all employers & labor unions to provide for the full and equitable participation of all workers in defense industries, without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin. Fearing a protest of 100,000+ people, FDR backed down & reluctantly signed the Executive Order 8802 in 1941 which called on all employers & labor unions to provide for the full and equitable participation of all workers in defense industries, without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin. When this occurred, the March was called off. When this occurred, the March was called off. Slide 18 Los Alamos and the Atom Bomb Also known as Site Y and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Also known as Site Y and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos, New Mexico Los Alamos, New Mexico Largest science and technology institution in the world. Largest science and technology institution in the world. One of the places the atomic bomb was created. One of the places the atomic bomb was created. e. Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic bomb. Slide 19 The Atomic Bomb the Manhattan Project The US wanted to beat the Germans. The US wanted to beat the Germans. Develop the bomb and create enriched Uranium before the Nazis did. Develop the bomb and create enriched Uranium before the Nazis did. President Harry Truman knew the battle against Japan would be very difficult, thus he approved the use of the atomic bomb. President Harry Truman knew the battle against Japan would be very difficult, thus he approved the use of the atomic bomb. Manhattan Project Manhattan Project $2 billion ($22 billion today) $2 billion ($22 billion today) Over 30 different sites. 10 on Manhattan Island (Project Name) Over 30 different sites. 10 on Manhattan Island (Project Name) Started in the early 1940s as a secret Started in the early 1940s as a secret Made it for intimidation.. Turned into a weapon of Mass Destruction. Made it for intimidation.. Turned into a weapon of Mass Destruction. US dropped 2 on Japan in the cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki US dropped 2 on Japan in the cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki This totally devastated their country. This totally devastated their country. Slide 20 The Manhattan Project In the early 1940s, the US launched the secret $2 billion Manhattan Project, centered at Los Alamos, New Mexico, but had about 37 other locations. In the early 1940s, the US launched the secret $2 billion Manhattan Project, centered at Los Alamos, New Mexico, but had about 37 other locations. Goal: to develop an atomic bomb. Goal: to develop an atomic bomb. President Harry Truman knew the battle against Japan would be very difficult, thus he approved the use of the atomic bomb. President Harry Truman knew the battle against Japan would be very difficult, thus he approved the use of the atomic bomb. Slide 21 Manhattan Project Slide 22 Fat Man and Little Boy (The bombs dropped on Japan by the Enola Gay) Fat Man and Little Boy (The bombs dropped on Japan by the Enola Gay) Hit NagasakiHit Hiroshima Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 Practice Questions In what way did the Lend-Lease Act provide a compromise between the will of the president and the belief of many in Congress? In what way did the Lend-Lease Act provide a compromise between the will of the president and the belief of many in Congress? A) It allowed assistance to friendly nations without the US directly participating in war A) It allowed assistance to friendly nations without the US directly participating in war B) it limited American involvement in European affairs by only providing advisors to friendly nations B) it limited American involvement in European affairs by only providing advisors to friendly nations C) it curtailed the sale of supplies to all nations involved in conflict C) it curtailed the sale of supplies to all nations involved in conflict D) It assisted Great Britains efforts against Germany but did not offer help to other nations D) It assisted Great Britains efforts against Germany but did not offer help to other nations Slide 27 Practice Questions What was the result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941? What was the result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941? A) the US renewed the Neutrality Acts A) the US renewed the Neutrality Acts B) the US declared war on Japan B) the US declared war on Japan C) Congress overwhelmingly voted against a declaration of war C) Congress overwhelmingly voted against a declaration of war D) Germany declared war on the US D) Germany declared war on the US Slide 28 1) What persuasive images & slogans are featured in this poster? 1) What persuasive images & slogans are featured in this poster? 2) To what emotions does this poster appeal? 2) To what emotions does this poster appeal? 3) Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, the US was determined to stay out of the war & remain neutral. In what ways does this poster attempt to change public opinion? 3) Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, the US was determined to stay out of the war & remain neutral. In what ways does this poster attempt to change public opinion? Slide 29 4) Is there any difference between the Pearl Harbor poster and this cartoon that came out after the attacks on September 11 th ? 4) Is there any difference between the Pearl Harbor poster and this cartoon that came out after the attacks on September 11 th ?