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Origins of the Cold War Origins of the Cold War The Cold War Heats Up The Cold War Heats Up The Korean War The Korean War The Continuing Cold War The Continuing Cold War The Cold War The Cold War

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Page 1: Origins of the Cold War Origins of the Cold War The Cold War Heats Up The Cold War Heats Up The Korean War The Korean War The Continuing Cold War The Continuing

Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold WarThe Cold War Heats UpThe Cold War Heats UpThe Korean WarThe Korean WarThe Continuing Cold WarThe Continuing Cold War

The Cold WarThe Cold War

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The Cold WarThe Cold War

What is it?What is it?It is a bitter state of indirect conflict that It is a bitter state of indirect conflict that

existed between the U.S. and the Soviet existed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for more than four decadesUnion for more than four decades

Occurred from 1949 to 1989Occurred from 1949 to 1989Why is it called a “cold war”?Why is it called a “cold war”?

Hot war is when there is actual fightingHot war is when there is actual fightingThe cold war there was no direct fighting The cold war there was no direct fighting

between the U.S. and the Soviet Unionbetween the U.S. and the Soviet Union

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Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War

How did the Soviets cause the Cold How did the Soviets cause the Cold War?War?U.S. is upset that the Soviet Union Set U.S. is upset that the Soviet Union Set

up a non-aggression pact with Germanyup a non-aggression pact with GermanySoviet Union wanted to spread Soviet Union wanted to spread

communism (the U.S. disliked the communism (the U.S. disliked the communist idea)communist idea)

The Soviets make The Soviets make satellite nationssatellite nations out of out of the countries on their western borderthe countries on their western borderNations that were subject to Soviet Nations that were subject to Soviet

domination and serve as a buffer zonedomination and serve as a buffer zone

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Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War

How did the U.S. cause the Cold war?How did the U.S. cause the Cold war?After the Russian Revolution the U.S. After the Russian Revolution the U.S.

would not recognize the communist would not recognize the communist government until 1933government until 1933

The U.S. waited to open up a second The U.S. waited to open up a second front in Europe during WWIIfront in Europe during WWII

U.S. asked Britain for help on the A-U.S. asked Britain for help on the A-bomb and left the Soviets outbomb and left the Soviets out

U.S. wants to spread the ideas of liberty, U.S. wants to spread the ideas of liberty, equality, and democracyequality, and democracy

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Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War

What are some other causes of the What are some other causes of the Cold War?Cold War?Argument over PolandArgument over Poland

The Soviets want it to be a communist The Soviets want it to be a communist countrycountry

The U.S. wants to allow Poland to decide for The U.S. wants to allow Poland to decide for themselvesthemselves

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Declaration of WarDeclaration of War

Two unofficial declarations of warTwo unofficial declarations of warIn February 1946 Stalin gives a speech In February 1946 Stalin gives a speech

where he predicted the ultimate triumph where he predicted the ultimate triumph of communism over capitalismof communism over capitalism

In March 1946 Winston Churchill gave a In March 1946 Winston Churchill gave a speech where he said that there was an speech where he said that there was an Iron Curtain that has descended on Iron Curtain that has descended on EuropeEurope

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Fighting the Cold WarFighting the Cold War

How does the U.S. fight the Cold How does the U.S. fight the Cold War?War?Containment, what is it?Containment, what is it?

The U.S. will resist any Soviet attempts to The U.S. will resist any Soviet attempts to form Communist governments anywhere form Communist governments anywhere

Truman Doctrine, what is it?Truman Doctrine, what is it?The U.S. must help nations that are The U.S. must help nations that are

resisting conquest by armed minorities and resisting conquest by armed minorities and help free people to stay freehelp free people to stay free

How do they work together?How do they work together?Containment set out the U.S. aim for the Containment set out the U.S. aim for the

Cold War while the Truman Doctrine gave Cold War while the Truman Doctrine gave us justification for what we didus justification for what we did

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Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War

Why was 1945 a critical year in United Why was 1945 a critical year in United States foreign relations?States foreign relations?

What were the postwar goals of the What were the postwar goals of the United States and the Soviet Union?United States and the Soviet Union?

How did the iron curtain tighten the How did the iron curtain tighten the Soviet Union’s hold over Eastern Soviet Union’s hold over Eastern Europe?Europe?

How did the Truman Doctrine How did the Truman Doctrine complement the policy of containment?complement the policy of containment?

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1945—A Critical Year1945—A Critical Year As the end of World War II approached, relations As the end of World War II approached, relations

between the Communist Soviet Union and its between the Communist Soviet Union and its wartime allies, the United States and Great Britain, wartime allies, the United States and Great Britain, grew increasingly tense. grew increasingly tense.

At a meeting at Yalta in February, Roosevelt, At a meeting at Yalta in February, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed on the postwar division Churchill, and Stalin agreed on the postwar division of Germany but disagreed on the future of Poland. of Germany but disagreed on the future of Poland.

In April, representatives of 50 countries, including In April, representatives of 50 countries, including the United States, adopted the charter for the the United States, adopted the charter for the United Nations, an organization dedicated to United Nations, an organization dedicated to cooperation in solving international problems.cooperation in solving international problems.

On April 12, Roosevelt died unexpectedly, making On April 12, Roosevelt died unexpectedly, making Vice President Truman the new President. Truman Vice President Truman the new President. Truman continued Roosevelt’s negotiations with Stalin at continued Roosevelt’s negotiations with Stalin at the Potsdam Conference in July.the Potsdam Conference in July.

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Conflicting Postwar GoalsConflicting Postwar GoalsAmerican and Soviet GoalsAmerican and Soviet Goals

American GoalsAmerican Goals Wanted conquered Wanted conquered

European nations to European nations to experience the experience the democracy and economic democracy and economic opportunity that the opportunity that the United States had fought United States had fought for during the warfor during the war

Wanted to develop Wanted to develop strong capitalist strong capitalist economies, which would economies, which would provide good markets for provide good markets for American productsAmerican products

Soviet GoalsSoviet Goals Wanted to rebuild Europe Wanted to rebuild Europe

in ways that would help the in ways that would help the Soviet Union recover from Soviet Union recover from the huge losses it suffered the huge losses it suffered during the warduring the war

Wanted to establish Soviet Wanted to establish Soviet satellite nations, countries satellite nations, countries subject to Soviet subject to Soviet domination and domination and sympathetic to Soviet goalssympathetic to Soviet goals

Wanted to promote the Wanted to promote the spread of communism spread of communism throughout the worldthroughout the world

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Soviets Tighten Their HoldSoviets Tighten Their HoldCommunist Expansion in Eastern EuropeCommunist Expansion in Eastern Europe

Albania and Bulgaria:Albania and Bulgaria: Communists secure control by silencing Communists secure control by silencing opposition in Albania; Soviet troops seize Bulgaria.opposition in Albania; Soviet troops seize Bulgaria.

CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia:: Although it desperately tried to remain Although it desperately tried to remain democratic, Czechoslovakia became a Soviet satellite nation in democratic, Czechoslovakia became a Soviet satellite nation in 1948.1948.

Hungary and RomaniaHungary and Romania:: By arresting anti-Communist leaders in By arresting anti-Communist leaders in Hungary and forcing the appointment of a Communist prime Hungary and forcing the appointment of a Communist prime minister in Romania, Communists achieved power in both nations.minister in Romania, Communists achieved power in both nations.

East GermanyEast Germany:: To make sure Germany could not threaten his To make sure Germany could not threaten his nation again, Stalin established a totalitarian government, naming nation again, Stalin established a totalitarian government, naming the state the German Democratic Republic.the state the German Democratic Republic.

Finland and YugoslaviaFinland and Yugoslavia:: Both countries maintained their Both countries maintained their independence from Soviet control - Finland, by signing a treaty of independence from Soviet control - Finland, by signing a treaty of cooperation, and Yugoslavia, by following the leadership of Tito.cooperation, and Yugoslavia, by following the leadership of Tito.

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The Iron CurtainThe Iron Curtain

Churchill coined the Churchill coined the phrase phrase iron curtainiron curtain to describe the to describe the geographic and geographic and political divisions political divisions between Communist between Communist and capitalist and capitalist nations in Europe.nations in Europe.

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Containment and the Truman Containment and the Truman DoctrineDoctrine

The competition between the United States and the The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for world influence came to be known as Soviet Union for world influence came to be known as the Cold War.the Cold War.

The American policy of containment accepted the fact The American policy of containment accepted the fact that Eastern Europe was under Communist control, that Eastern Europe was under Communist control, but sought to prevent Communist governments from but sought to prevent Communist governments from forming elsewhere in the world.forming elsewhere in the world.

The Truman Doctrine, which applied the principles of The Truman Doctrine, which applied the principles of containment, stated that the United States would containment, stated that the United States would support free peoples who resist attempted conquest. support free peoples who resist attempted conquest. The Truman Doctrine was first applied in the cases of The Truman Doctrine was first applied in the cases of Greece and Turkey.Greece and Turkey.

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Origins of the Cold War—Origins of the Cold War—AssessmentAssessment

Which of these choices best describes the primary goal of the Which of these choices best describes the primary goal of the United States for postwar Europe?United States for postwar Europe?

(A) Protect the Soviet Union from future invasion(A) Protect the Soviet Union from future invasion

(B) Build economically strong democracies(B) Build economically strong democracies

(C) Add more members to the United Nations (C) Add more members to the United Nations

(D) Ensure further cooperation with Stalin(D) Ensure further cooperation with Stalin

Which of these events directly inspired the Truman Doctrine? Which of these events directly inspired the Truman Doctrine? (A) Soviet threats in Greece and Turkey(A) Soviet threats in Greece and Turkey

(B) The division of Germany into four zones(B) The division of Germany into four zones

(C) The arrest of anti-Communist leaders in Hungary(C) The arrest of anti-Communist leaders in Hungary

(D) Churchill’s “iron curtain” speech(D) Churchill’s “iron curtain” speech

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Origins of the Cold War—Origins of the Cold War—AssessmentAssessment

Which of these choices best describes the primary goal of the Which of these choices best describes the primary goal of the United States for postwar Europe?United States for postwar Europe?

(A) Protect the Soviet Union from future invasion(A) Protect the Soviet Union from future invasion

(B) Build economically strong democracies(B) Build economically strong democracies

(C) Add more members to the United Nations (C) Add more members to the United Nations

(D) Ensure further cooperation with Stalin(D) Ensure further cooperation with Stalin

Which of these events directly inspired the Truman Doctrine? Which of these events directly inspired the Truman Doctrine? (A) Soviet threats in Greece and Turkey(A) Soviet threats in Greece and Turkey

(B) The division of Germany into four zones(B) The division of Germany into four zones

(C) The arrest of anti-Communist leaders in Hungary(C) The arrest of anti-Communist leaders in Hungary

(D) Churchill’s “iron curtain” speech(D) Churchill’s “iron curtain” speech

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The Cold War Heats UpThe Cold War Heats Up

How did the Marshall Plan, the Berlin How did the Marshall Plan, the Berlin airlift, and NATO help to achieve airlift, and NATO help to achieve American goals in postwar Europe?American goals in postwar Europe?

How did Communist advances affect How did Communist advances affect American foreign policy?American foreign policy?

How did the Cold War affect How did the Cold War affect American life at home?American life at home?

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The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan The United States wanted to help European The United States wanted to help European

nations recover from the war and become nations recover from the war and become economically strong democracies. It also economically strong democracies. It also wanted to prevent Communists from wanted to prevent Communists from continuing to gain power in Europe.continuing to gain power in Europe.

The Marshall Plan was created in 1947 by U.S. The Marshall Plan was created in 1947 by U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall as a Secretary of State George C. Marshall as a means to achieve these goals. According to means to achieve these goals. According to the Marshall Plan, participating nations would the Marshall Plan, participating nations would design recovery programs and would receive design recovery programs and would receive financial aid from the United States.financial aid from the United States.

Seventeen Western European nations joined Seventeen Western European nations joined the plan, receiving a total of $13 billion in aid.the plan, receiving a total of $13 billion in aid.

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The Berlin AirliftThe Berlin Airlift As part of the postwar division of Germany, As part of the postwar division of Germany,

the city of Berlin, located in Communist East the city of Berlin, located in Communist East Germany, was divided into West Berlin Germany, was divided into West Berlin (capitalist) and East Berlin (Communist).(capitalist) and East Berlin (Communist).

In June 1948, Stalin banned all shipments to In June 1948, Stalin banned all shipments to West Berlin through East Germany, creating a West Berlin through East Germany, creating a blockade which threatened to cut off supplies blockade which threatened to cut off supplies to the city.to the city.

In response, Allied nations began the Berlin In response, Allied nations began the Berlin airlift, which delivered thousands of tons of airlift, which delivered thousands of tons of food and other supplies to West Berlin via air.food and other supplies to West Berlin via air.

Although the Soviet blockade ended in May Although the Soviet blockade ended in May 1949, Berlin remained a focal point of Cold 1949, Berlin remained a focal point of Cold War conflict.War conflict.

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NATONATOWhy create a treaty Why create a treaty

organization?organization? Soviet vetoes prevented Soviet vetoes prevented

the United Nations from the United Nations from resolving a number of resolving a number of postwar problems.postwar problems.

The United States sought to The United States sought to avoid the problems of post–avoid the problems of post–World War I isolationism.World War I isolationism.

The United States did not The United States did not want to be the only nation want to be the only nation in the Western Hemisphere in the Western Hemisphere committed to fighting committed to fighting communism. A Canadian communism. A Canadian role in the treaty role in the treaty organization would be vital.organization would be vital.

What was NATO?What was NATO? The North Atlantic Treaty The North Atlantic Treaty

Organization (NATO) was Organization (NATO) was formed in April 1949.formed in April 1949.

In joining NATO, the United In joining NATO, the United States, Canada, and ten States, Canada, and ten Western European nations Western European nations pledged to support one pledged to support one another against attack, a another against attack, a principle known as principle known as collective security.collective security.

In response, the Soviet In response, the Soviet Union created the Warsaw Union created the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance Pact, a military alliance between the Soviet Union between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations.and its satellite nations.

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Communist AdvancesCommunist AdvancesThe Soviet Atomic ThreatThe Soviet Atomic Threat In September 1949, Truman In September 1949, Truman

announced that the Soviet announced that the Soviet Union had successfully tested Union had successfully tested an atomic bomb.an atomic bomb.

In response, the United States In response, the United States began developing the even began developing the even more powerful hydrogen bomb, more powerful hydrogen bomb, reestablishing itself as the reestablishing itself as the world’s leading nuclear power.world’s leading nuclear power.

The newly formed Federal Civil The newly formed Federal Civil Defense Administration Defense Administration distributed information on how distributed information on how to survive a nuclear attack; this to survive a nuclear attack; this information was ridiculed by information was ridiculed by experts.experts.

China Falls to the CommunistsChina Falls to the Communists During World War II, competing During World War II, competing

factions in China had factions in China had cooperated, but fighting cooperated, but fighting between them resumed towards between them resumed towards the end of the war.the end of the war.

At first, the United States At first, the United States supported Nationalist leader supported Nationalist leader Jiang Jieshi against Communist Jiang Jieshi against Communist Mao Zedong. However, the Mao Zedong. However, the United States later decided to United States later decided to focus on Western Europe focus on Western Europe instead.instead.

Many Americans viewed Mao Many Americans viewed Mao Zedong’s creation of a Zedong’s creation of a Communist state in China as a Communist state in China as a failure of Truman’s policies.failure of Truman’s policies.

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The Cold War at HomeThe Cold War at Home During the late 1940s, fear of Communist During the late 1940s, fear of Communist

spies created a climate of suspicion in the spies created a climate of suspicion in the United States.United States.

Truman established a federal employee Truman established a federal employee loyalty program in 1947, checking the loyalty program in 1947, checking the backgrounds of all new and existing federal backgrounds of all new and existing federal employees.employees.

The House Un-American Activities Committee The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) began investigating Hollywood (HUAC) began investigating Hollywood personalities who the committee claimed, personalities who the committee claimed, had Communist leanings. When one group, had Communist leanings. When one group, known as the Hollywood Ten, refused to known as the Hollywood Ten, refused to answer HUAC’s questions, they were cited for answer HUAC’s questions, they were cited for contempt of Congress and imprisoned.contempt of Congress and imprisoned.

Hollywood studios compiled a blacklist, a list Hollywood studios compiled a blacklist, a list circulated to employers naming persons who circulated to employers naming persons who should not be hired. Blacklisted individuals should not be hired. Blacklisted individuals came from all sections of the industry and came from all sections of the industry and included anyone who seemed subversive.included anyone who seemed subversive.

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The Cold War at HomeThe Cold War at Home Fueled by fears of disloyal immigrants from Fueled by fears of disloyal immigrants from

Communist countries, the 1952 McCarran-Communist countries, the 1952 McCarran-Walter Act reestablished the immigration Walter Act reestablished the immigration quota system from 1924. This act quota system from 1924. This act discriminated against potential immigrants discriminated against potential immigrants from Asia and Southern and Central from Asia and Southern and Central Europe.Europe.

Two famous spy cases reinforced fears that Two famous spy cases reinforced fears that Soviet spies in the United States were Soviet spies in the United States were sharing American secrets with foreign sharing American secrets with foreign Communists. These were the cases of Communists. These were the cases of Alger Hiss and of Julius and Ethel Alger Hiss and of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.Rosenberg.

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The Cold War Heats Up—The Cold War Heats Up—AssessmentAssessment

Which of these phrases best describes NATO? Which of these phrases best describes NATO? (A)(A) A collective security pact between the United States, Canada, A collective security pact between the United States, Canada,

and Western European nationsand Western European nations

(B)(B) A military alliance between the USSR and its satellite nationsA military alliance between the USSR and its satellite nations

(C)(C) A U.S.-sponsored program for postwar recoveryA U.S.-sponsored program for postwar recovery

(D)(D) A regional group within the United NationsA regional group within the United Nations

Which of these was a result of HUAC’s investigation of Which of these was a result of HUAC’s investigation of the movie industry?the movie industry?(A)(A) Hollywood approved many scripts that dealt with controversial Hollywood approved many scripts that dealt with controversial

social problems.social problems.

(B)(B) Many Hollywood personalities were blacklisted.Many Hollywood personalities were blacklisted.

(C)(C) The McCarran-Walter Act was passed. The McCarran-Walter Act was passed.

(D)(D) Pro-Soviet movies became popular.Pro-Soviet movies became popular.

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The Cold War Heats Up—The Cold War Heats Up—AssessmentAssessment

Which of these phrases best describes NATO? Which of these phrases best describes NATO? (A)(A) A collective security pact between the United States, Canada, A collective security pact between the United States, Canada,

and Western European nationsand Western European nations

(B)(B) A military alliance between the USSR and its satellite nationsA military alliance between the USSR and its satellite nations

(C)(C) A U.S.-sponsored program for postwar recoveryA U.S.-sponsored program for postwar recovery

(D)(D) A regional group within the United NationsA regional group within the United Nations

Which of these was a result of HUAC’s investigation of the Which of these was a result of HUAC’s investigation of the movie industry?movie industry?(A)(A) Hollywood approved many scripts that dealt with controversial social Hollywood approved many scripts that dealt with controversial social

problems.problems.

(B)(B) Many Hollywood personalities were blacklisted.Many Hollywood personalities were blacklisted.

(C)(C) The McCarran-Walter Act was passed. The McCarran-Walter Act was passed.

(D)(D) Pro-Soviet movies became popular.Pro-Soviet movies became popular.

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The Korean WarThe Korean War

How did Communist expansion in How did Communist expansion in Asia set the stage for the Korean Asia set the stage for the Korean War?War?

Who fought in the Korean War, and Who fought in the Korean War, and what were the three stages of the what were the three stages of the war?war?

What were the effects of the Korean What were the effects of the Korean War?War?

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Communist Expansion in AsiaCommunist Expansion in Asia

The Chinese Civil WarThe Chinese Civil War Civil war began in the mid-Civil war began in the mid-

1920s and intensified after 1920s and intensified after World War II.World War II.

Mao Zedong won support for Mao Zedong won support for the Communists by the Communists by redistributing land and redistributing land and offering schooling and offering schooling and healthcare.healthcare.

Jiang Jieshi’s Nationalist Party Jiang Jieshi’s Nationalist Party lost support because of harsh lost support because of harsh treatment of the population, treatment of the population, high taxes, and corruption.high taxes, and corruption.

When the Communists took When the Communists took power in 1949, the power in 1949, the Nationalists fled to Taiwan.Nationalists fled to Taiwan.

The Division of KoreaThe Division of Korea World War II ended before a World War II ended before a

plan could be made for plan could be made for Korean independence from Korean independence from Japan.Japan.

Korea was temporarily Korea was temporarily divided at the thirty-eighth divided at the thirty-eighth parallel, the latitude line parallel, the latitude line running through running through approximately the midpoint approximately the midpoint of the peninsula.of the peninsula.

A pro-American government A pro-American government formed in South Korea, while formed in South Korea, while a Communist government a Communist government formed in North Korea.formed in North Korea.

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The Korean ConflictThe Korean Conflict In June 1950, the Korean War broke out when North Korean In June 1950, the Korean War broke out when North Korean

troops invaded South Korea, aiming to reunite the nation by troops invaded South Korea, aiming to reunite the nation by force.force.

A UN resolution, which passed because the Soviets were not A UN resolution, which passed because the Soviets were not there to veto it, called on member states to defend South there to veto it, called on member states to defend South Korea and restore peace. Roughly 80 percent of the troops Korea and restore peace. Roughly 80 percent of the troops who served in the resulting UN police action were American.who served in the resulting UN police action were American.

By attacking North Korean supply lines, General Douglas By attacking North Korean supply lines, General Douglas MacArthur was able to gain an advantage and push north. MacArthur was able to gain an advantage and push north. However, a stalemate developed after China helped the However, a stalemate developed after China helped the North Koreans push the UN forces back into South Korea.North Koreans push the UN forces back into South Korea.

A truce signed in 1953 left Korea again divided near the A truce signed in 1953 left Korea again divided near the thirty eighth parallel.thirty eighth parallel.

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The Effects of the Korean WarThe Effects of the Korean WarPost-Korean War Changes in AmericaPost-Korean War Changes in America WarfareWarfare — Limited war, limited victory — Limited war, limited victory Integration of the MilitaryIntegration of the Military — First war in which — First war in which

white Americans and African Americans served in white Americans and African Americans served in the same unitsthe same units

Increased Power of the MilitaryIncreased Power of the Military — A military- — A military-industrial complex developed as the military industrial complex developed as the military established links with the corporate and scientific established links with the corporate and scientific communities.communities.

Foreign Policy in AsiaForeign Policy in Asia — September 1951 peace — September 1951 peace treaty signed with Japan; relations worsen with treaty signed with Japan; relations worsen with Communist ChinaCommunist China

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The Korean War—AssessmentThe Korean War—Assessment

What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel?What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel?(A) It formed Korea’s border with China.(A) It formed Korea’s border with China.

(B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled.(B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled.

(C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South.(C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South.

(D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks.(D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks.

Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea?Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea?(A) To support South Korea and restore peace(A) To support South Korea and restore peace

(B) To install a Communist government in South Korea (B) To install a Communist government in South Korea

(C) To help China defend its border(C) To help China defend its border

(D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea(D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea

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The Korean War—AssessmentThe Korean War—Assessment

What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel?What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel?(A) It formed Korea’s border with China.(A) It formed Korea’s border with China.

(B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled.(B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled.

(C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South.(C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South.

(D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks.(D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks.

Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea?Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea?(A) To support South Korea and restore peace(A) To support South Korea and restore peace

(B) To install a Communist government in South Korea (B) To install a Communist government in South Korea

(C) To help China defend its border(C) To help China defend its border

(D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea(D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea

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The Continuing Cold WarThe Continuing Cold War

What were the characteristics of the McCarthy What were the characteristics of the McCarthy era?era?

How was the Cold War waged in Southeast Asia, How was the Cold War waged in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America during the the Middle East, and Latin America during the 1950s?1950s?

How did the arms race develop?How did the arms race develop?

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The McCarthy EraThe McCarthy EraMcCarthy’s Rise to PowerMcCarthy’s Rise to Power Wisconsin Senator Joseph Wisconsin Senator Joseph

McCarthy, up for reelection McCarthy, up for reelection raised the specter of raised the specter of Communist conspiracies within Communist conspiracies within the United States.the United States.

McCarthy produced a list of McCarthy produced a list of 250 names of presumed 250 names of presumed Communist-supporting Communist-supporting government employees. Later, government employees. Later, when scrutinized, this list was when scrutinized, this list was reduced to 57.reduced to 57.

Although McCarthy’s Although McCarthy’s accusations were usually accusations were usually baseless and unprovable, few baseless and unprovable, few were willing to risk their were willing to risk their reputations by speaking out reputations by speaking out against him.against him.

McCarthy’s FallMcCarthy’s Fall In early 1954, McCarthyism, In early 1954, McCarthyism,

the name given to the name given to McCarthy’s crusade, McCarthy’s crusade, reached the army. reached the army.

Democrats asked that the Democrats asked that the hearings between McCarthy hearings between McCarthy and the army be televised, and the army be televised, hoping to swing popular hoping to swing popular opinion against McCarthy.opinion against McCarthy.

By mid-June 1954, By mid-June 1954, McCarthy had lost even McCarthy had lost even his strongest supporters. his strongest supporters. The Senate formally The Senate formally condemned him for his condemned him for his actions.actions.

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The Cold War in the 1950sThe Cold War in the 1950sUnited States involvement around the world, 1947–1956United States involvement around the world, 1947–1956 Eastern EuropeEastern Europe — Wary of war with the Soviets, — Wary of war with the Soviets,

America did not support uprisings in East Germany, America did not support uprisings in East Germany, Poland, and Hungary.Poland, and Hungary.

Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia — Korean War ends; former French — Korean War ends; former French colony of Vietnam is divided into Communist North colony of Vietnam is divided into Communist North and anti-Communist South.and anti-Communist South.

Middle EastMiddle East — United States supports Israel, backs — United States supports Israel, backs groups that restore a pro-American Shah in Iran; the groups that restore a pro-American Shah in Iran; the Suez Crisis in Egypt erupts.Suez Crisis in Egypt erupts.

Latin AmericaLatin America — Organization of American States — Organization of American States (OAS) is created; American aid helps anti-Communist (OAS) is created; American aid helps anti-Communist leaders gain and retain power.leaders gain and retain power.

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The Arms RaceThe Arms Race Throughout the 1950s, the United States and Throughout the 1950s, the United States and

the Soviet Union competed in an arms race, a the Soviet Union competed in an arms race, a struggle to gain weapons superiority.struggle to gain weapons superiority.

Deterrence, the policy of maintaining a Deterrence, the policy of maintaining a military arsenal so strong that no enemy will military arsenal so strong that no enemy will attack for fear of retaliation, resulted in the attack for fear of retaliation, resulted in the escalating development of powerful nuclear escalating development of powerful nuclear weapons.weapons.

The American policy of brinkmanship The American policy of brinkmanship involved bringing the United States to the involved bringing the United States to the brink of war without actually entering into brink of war without actually entering into war.war.

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The Arms Race in the SkiesThe Arms Race in the Skies To carry bombs to their targets, the Soviet To carry bombs to their targets, the Soviet

Union developed long-range rockets known Union developed long-range rockets known as intercontinental ballistic missiles, or as intercontinental ballistic missiles, or ICBMs.ICBMs.

In 1957, one of these rockets was used to In 1957, one of these rockets was used to launch the Soviet satellite Sputnik, the first launch the Soviet satellite Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth.artificial satellite to orbit Earth.

When a Soviet guided missile shot down an When a Soviet guided missile shot down an American U-2 spy plane, the resulting U-2 American U-2 spy plane, the resulting U-2 incident shattered American confidence and incident shattered American confidence and prompted a desire to match—and surpass—prompted a desire to match—and surpass—Soviet weapons technology.Soviet weapons technology.

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The Continuing Cold War—The Continuing Cold War—AssessmentAssessment

Why did the United States choose not to support uprisings in Why did the United States choose not to support uprisings in Eastern Europe? Eastern Europe?

(A)(A) It appeared that these uprisings would succeed on their own.It appeared that these uprisings would succeed on their own.

(B)(B) The Soviet Union supported the uprisings.The Soviet Union supported the uprisings.

(C)(C) Senator McCarthy was against such support.Senator McCarthy was against such support.

(D)(D) Eisenhower felt that doing so would risk war with the Soviets.Eisenhower felt that doing so would risk war with the Soviets.

What was the significance of the U-2 incident?What was the significance of the U-2 incident?(A)(A) It motivated the United States to increase the technological It motivated the United States to increase the technological

development of its military.development of its military.

(B)(B) It provided the first test of Soviet ICBMs.It provided the first test of Soviet ICBMs.

(C)(C) It led to the development of the hydrogen bomb.It led to the development of the hydrogen bomb.

(D)(D) It began the Cold War.It began the Cold War.

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The Continuing Cold War—The Continuing Cold War—AssessmentAssessment

Why did the United States choose not to support uprisings in Why did the United States choose not to support uprisings in Eastern Europe? Eastern Europe?

(A)(A) It appeared that these uprisings would succeed on their own.It appeared that these uprisings would succeed on their own.

(B)(B) The Soviet Union supported the uprisings.The Soviet Union supported the uprisings.

(C)(C) Senator McCarthy was against such support.Senator McCarthy was against such support.

(D)(D) Eisenhower felt that doing so would risk war with the Soviets.Eisenhower felt that doing so would risk war with the Soviets.

What was the significance of the U-2 incident?What was the significance of the U-2 incident?(A)(A) It motivated the United States to increase the technological It motivated the United States to increase the technological

development of its military.development of its military.

(B)(B) It provided the first test of Soviet ICBMs.It provided the first test of Soviet ICBMs.

(C)(C) It led to the development of the hydrogen bomb.It led to the development of the hydrogen bomb.

(D)(D) It began the Cold War.It began the Cold War.

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How would life be How would life be different today if different today if the Cold War had the Cold War had never existed? Or never existed? Or would it be any would it be any different? Why?different? Why?