wittgenstein biographical materials

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Introduction

Georg Henrik von Wright writes in the Philosophical Review in an endnote to his “BiographicalSketch”1 that he would be interested in any additional information which is relevant to thebiography of Ludwig Wittgenstein. One could say that this request is the starting point for the

present collection. Materials in folders at hand are partly acquired by Von Wright’s active inquiries(also from the time of writing the sketch) and partly sent probably the mentioned note in mind.

The folders have been stored and have composed a part of the collection of materials onWittgenstein in the Department of Philosophy, University of Helsinki.

The order in the material is by the professor von Wright himself, so it remains unaltered. It consistsin thematic wholes, where letters and copies of answers to letters are placed next to manuscripts orother material which they originally accompanied. Present folders remain in the original thematicorder.

1. Photographs of Wittgenstein and Relating to Him

The material in the first section is divided into two folders by size. The main item in the larger oneis a series of photographs of Wittgenstein and Georg Henrik von Wright in Cambridge, in thegarden on Von Wright’s house April 1950 when Wittgenstein was staying with Prof. Von Wright’sfamily. The pictures are taken by von Wright’s family friend Knut Erik Tranoy. Michael Nedo, thedirector of the Cambridge Wittgenstein Archives, sent to von Wright portraits of Wittgenstein’sfriends and other people relating to Wittgenstein’s life that he had taken.

The smaller folder contains both famous portraits of Wittgenstein and material related to hiswhereabouts, as picture postcards from Skjolden fjord in Norway. Different people sent copies andenlargements of photographs to Von Wright and he also had enlargements made in Finland.

2. Hayek – Sjögren – National Biography

The first part of materials in this folder (see sections 2.1-2.2 of present catalogue) containscorrespondence concerning Friedrich Hayek’s plans of writing a biography of his distant cousinLudwig Wittgenstein and a draft of the text of the biography, which never came to be published.2

Hayek writes to Von Wright from the University of Chicago. The letters at hand deal mostly with

the biography project but they also reveal the provenience of a part of the material HelsinkiWittgenstein archive i.e. the copies of David Pinsent’s diaries. Hayek sent to von Wright the copiesin 1953.

Second part of materials in this folder (see section 2.3) consists of two versions of translations byArvid Sjögren of von Wrights published short biographical text on Wittgenstein. Biographicalsketch was first published in 1954 in the yearbook Ajatus ( by The Philosophical Society of Finland) and in time translated to eight languages. Sjögrens translation appeared first in Suhrkamp

1 Wright, Georg Henrik von: “Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Biographical Sketch” in The Philosophical Review 64 (1955):527-545.2

Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992) was an Austrian-British economist and political philosopher known for hisdefence of classical liberalism and free-market capitalism against socialist and collectivist thought in the mid-20thcentury



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German edition of Wittgensteins writings in 1960.3 Arvid Sjögren was Wittgenstein’s personalfriend, originally a family acquaintance from Vienna.

Finally the folder contains von Wrights typed manuscript of his entry on Wittgenstein in Dictionaryof National Biography4 and proofs of von Wrights article on Wittgenstein in Encyclopaedia

Britannica5

sent by the editor in 1958.

3. Wittgenstein in Manchester and in Berlin, the Drawings for the Haus Kundmanngasse

Firstly (see section 3.1) this folder contains von Wright’s notebook where he had gatheredbiographical information on Wittgenstein both in English and in Swedish titled “Anteckningar omLudwig Wittgensteins liv”. The pages are divided by year to enable continuous entries. Threeseparate sheets probably from a later date add up to the entries in the notebook.

Secondly (see section 3.2) von Wright stored newspaper clips from the nineties discussions in

European papers about Wittgenstein’s person, namely the assumed argument with Karl Popper inCambridge Moral Sciences club meeting 1946 and the controversial book The Jew of Linz

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Kimberly Cornish. Von Wright comments the story about the argument in 1998 as “idiotic”. CarlosAlarcón Cabrera from the University of Seville sends in a letter copied pages of both an article byCornish in El País and his reply published in the letters to the editor section. Enclosed are alsoreviews of the book by Cornish in The Evening Standard and in Süddeutsche Zeitung.

Wittgenstein went to study aeronautics in Manchester at the age of 19 in 1908. He befriended withan engineer named William Eccles. Third section of the material in present folder (see 3.3) concernsWittgenstein’s time in Manchester. W. Mays from the Department of Philosophy in the Universityof Manchester gathered information in 1954 and sent it to Helsinki. Folder contains most of thematerial mentioned in Mays’ letter though some of it not present. Mays obtained also copies of Wittgenstein’s and Paul Engelmann’s drawings for the house they designed for Wittgenstein’s sisterin Vienna and some drawings of the machinery Wittgenstein worked with in Manchester. Ecclesrefers in his recollections to a combustion chamber Wittgenstein designed. The drawings areincluded here.

In 1973 Friedrich Rapp7 sent a letter to find out whether Wittgenstein was registered as living inBerlin during his studies in 1906-08 in the Technische Hochschule Berlin-Charlottenburg. TheVolkspolizei in East Berlin answers that there is no information available (see 3.3).

3 Wright, G. H. von: ”Biographische Betrachtung”, in Ludwig Wittgenstein: Schriften, Beiheft 1 (Frankfurt am Main,Suhrkamp, 1960): 82-99.4 Wright, G. H. von: ”Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889-1951)” in E. T. Williams and Helen M. Palmer (eds.), The

Dictionary of National Biography 1951-1960 (Oxford, Oxford University Press): 1068-1071.5 Wright, G.H. von: ”Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889-1951)”, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol. 23(Chicago,Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1959): 692.6 The Jew of Linz: Wittgenstein, Hitler and the Secret Battle for the Mind. Century, London, 1998.7

Friedrich Rapp has published books on the philosophy of technology from the 1968 onwards translated also inEnglish, e.g. Analytical Philosophy of Technology, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1981. Philosophy of technology was a particulararea of interest for Von Wright.



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4. Materials obtained from Ludwig Hänsel and Dr. Ronald T. Grant – Wittgenstein as a

Schoolteacher and at Guy’s Hospital

This folder again contains diverse material. First there is correspondence between Ludwig Hänseland von Wright. Hänsel was a friend Wittgenstein had made in a prison camp in Italy during the

First World War. Hänsel was a teacher by profession and supported Wittgenstein through the yearshe first trained to be one and then taught in Trattenbach and Otterthal in the early twenties. Hänselsent to von Wright in 1953 memories and reports of people who had known him in Trattenbach.Von Wright comments on one of them: “Here is a lot of mystification”. Letters and memories are inGerman (see section 4.1).

Secondly a letter from 1962 from Roderick Chisholm at Brown University to von Wright isaccompanied by a copy of a letter sent by Wittgenstein to one of his favourite students Oskar Fuchsdated 10.2.1924 (see 4.2). Chisholm writes that gathered the material from Austria and sends also apiece of film.

During the Second World War Wittgenstein worked as a dispensary porter in Guy’s Hospital, amedical institution evacuated from London to Newcastle. Dr. Roland T. Grant knew him at thattime and sends in 1960 to von Wright memories of people relating to the hospital who had metWittgenstein during those years (see section 4.4). This part of the material contains also a copy of a1970s article in Guy’s Hospital Reports describing Wittgenstein’s stay there. Von Wright notes thatit is “obtained from Kenneth Blackwell, December 1975” Enclosed are also some later lettersexpressing interest to material concerning Wittgenstein at Guy’s and copies of von Wrightsanswers.

This part of the material (4.5) contains four very different documents. A copy of a typed text withnotes is titled “Wittgenstein in the Soviet Union 1935” and probably written by von Wright himself,but mainly lists people Wittgenstein might have met during his stay. The text is likely meant to bea letter of inquiry, because it ends with a polite request: “If any of the underlined survive, or is, saythe son of one of them, I should be very interested in any particulars they could give. Acorrespondence, even in Russian, would not be ruled out at my end.”8 A copy of a poem by RichardMurphy in memory of Wittgenstein in Rosro Cottage, Connemara, Ireland (1948), von Wrightstyped notes from Dora Russell’s autobiography The Tamarisk Tree (Putnam, NY, 1975.) and a copyof a newspaper article (without date) of a certain Mrs. Gene Tranoy marrying anew complete thesection. Gene Tranoy had known Wittgenstein in Cambridge.

A copy of a book chapter from Dear Russell – Dear Jourdain: A Commentary on Russell’s Logic

Based on his Correspondence with Philip Jourdain, by I. Grattan-Guinness (Columbia UniversityPress, 1977) speculates about early contacts between Wittgenstein and Russell. (See 4.6.) In thissection are also enclosed a copy of Wittgenstein’s letter to publishers Kegan Paul dated 1922 on therights of the publication of Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung and a copy of C.K. Odgen’sagreement with the publishers on the translation of the same text. Source of the copied material isnot mentioned.

Friedrich Hayek exchanged letters in the early 1950s with people related to Wittgenstein intendingto complete his biography. In this section (see 4.7) are found copies of letters from Paul Engelmann,Ludwig Ficker and Ludwig Hänsel that Hayek most likely sent to von Wright. He also reports on

8 Von Wright writes in his memoirs Mitt liv som jag minns det (ch.6, Bonniers, 2001) that he learned right after the warread Cyrillic and in the 1970s managed to reach moderate skills in written Russian.



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some papers concerning Wittgenstein he has sent to Thomas Stonborough. Von Wright’s list of theHayek letter copies (see 4.9) lists more letters than are actually present.

A Short correspondence between Prof. G. K. Plochmann in Southern Illinois University and vonWright in 1959 resulted in Plochmann sending two typed copies of short notes sent by Wittgenstein

to Plochmann’s relative in the thirties (see 4.8).

5. Biographical Tables compiled by Michael Nedo

In this folder are enclosed three biographical time-scales by Michael Nedo, the current head of Wittgenstein Archives in Cambridge. They indicate Wittgenstein’s life events in accuracy of a yearor a month. One scale is dedicated to Wittgenstein’s teaching activity in Cambridge.

In the same folder are also to be found the cover sheets and cardboard folders von Wright self usedto organize the material.

Helsinki, March 2008Maija Paavolainen

Sources and Literature:

Monk, Ray: Wittgenstein, The Duty of a Genius, Cape,London, 1990.

Uschanov, T. P.: Wittgenstein in Finland: A Bibliography

1928-2002, 23’45 Niin&Näin Publications,Tampere, 2003.

Vilkko, Risto: “The Georg Henrik von WrightBibliography”, Journal for General

Philosophy of Science 36, Springer, 2005.Wright, Georg Henrik von and Vilkko, Risto: Wittgenstein Materials kept with the

Department of Philosophy Helsinki

University (Catalogue, unpublished), 1997.Wright, Georg Henrik von: Mitt liv som jag minns det , Bonniers, 2001.

See also The Cambridge Wittgenstein Archives Picture Gallery:http://www.wittgen-cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/forms/home.cgi(Feb. 2008).

http://www.wittgen-cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/forms/home.cgi

http://www.wittgen-cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/forms/home.cgi



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Catalogue of the manuscript material in five folders

1. Photographs

1.1 Photographs and postcards

Eight small black and white photos of the empty Kundmanngasse house.

Portraits of Wittgenstein: Portrait on being awarded for a scholarship in Trinity College, Cambridgein 1929, four versions of a portrait on being awarded for a fellowship in the same college in 1930.Three negatives of the fellowship portrait. Wittgenstein in the Fellows Garden at Trinity,photographed by Norman Malcolm, 1939. Wittgenstein and William Eccles flying kite in Glossoparound 1909. Three versions of a photo of Wittgenstein in Mrs. Dorothy Moore’s garden 1937. Afolded sheet with a note “Två goda foton”.

Two cuttings out of Tranoys photos from 1950 (see 1.2) with handwriting in Norwegian on the

back: a note addressed to Elisabeth and Georg Henrik dated 21.12. -50, but unclear if the writer isTranoy. Seven photographs of Michael Drobil’s pencil sketches of Wittgenstein’s face. One of themdated 1933. Wittgenstein in Swansea photographed by Ben Richards.

Three small colour photos, on the back of one the text: “Wittgenstein’s Cottage at Killary Harbour,Eire. Foto Max Black 1970”. Five colour slides of the same house.

Pictures of Wittgenstein with Francis Skinner (around 1934) and with Ben Richards. A letter fromFania Pascal to von Wright dated 7.12. (without a year) commenting on the quality of thereproduction of the photo with Skinner.

Two postcards of a painting by Charles N. White after the 1930 photo and a picture of a watercolour painting of Wittgenstein by Mrs. Joan Bevan. A card from Mrs. Bevan to von Wrightaccompanying the photo.

Photo of Margarete Stonborough-Wittgenstein in the empty Kundmanngasse house. A postcard of the painting by Gustaf Klimt of Margarete Stonborough-Wittgenstein.

Six picture postcards from Skjolden, Norway.

A letter from Ulf Hård af Segerstad to Von Wright dated 25.10.1989 and 7 colour pictures by

Segerstad from the place of Wittgenstein’s hut in Skjolden fjord.

Three small colour pictures from a trip in the fjord dated 1966 and a picture dated 1971 with VonWright and Olav Galde in Skoljden, Norway.

A picture of Wittgenstein’s grave in Cambridge. Text behind the picture: “Wenn du also imReligiösen bleiben willst, must du kämpfen.”

Four enlarged reproductions of some of the famous portraits.

Three reproductions of photographs of Wittgenstein. Two from his childhood and one picturing

Wittgenstein in front of the Kundmanngasse house with a younger and an older man, most likelythe fellow architect Paul Engelmann and Ludwig’s father Karl Wittgenstein.



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A scrap of Der Spiegel 29/1992 announcing the completion of the Bergen Electronic Edition of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass. A postcard from Christopher Sykes, maker of the Wittgensteindocumentary film “A Wonderful Life” (1989) to G. H. von Wright. A printed version of the portraitof Wittgenstein in Mrs. Moore’s garden with text in Finnish: “Ludwig Wittgenstein, valok. DorothyMoore 1937.” (LW photographed by Dorothy Moore in 1937).

Two enlargements of Wittgenstein’s Trinity College Fellowship portrait (1930). A letter dated 1978from Tapani Itäranta in the Finnish Broadcasting Company Yle commenting the enlargements. Acopy von Wright’s answer. Letters are in Finnish.

Two photographs of Wittgenstein’s military passport from the First World War.

Two reproductions of photographs of young Wittgenstein, more accurately aged 1 and 21.

A letter without date thanking for borrowing photographs from Anders C(arpelan). In Swedish.

Eight pictures of a party in prof. Colin St. John Wilson’s home in Cambridge 1995. Present wereElizabeth Anscombe, Peter Geach and Michael Nedo among others. On an envelope (see folder 5)von Wright notes that he obtained the photographs in occasion of prof. Wilsons visit to HelsinkiSeptember 1995.

1.2 Wittgenstein and von Wright in Cambridge

Four large photographs of Wittgenstein and Von Wright in Von Wright’s garden in CambridgeApril 1950. A contact copy of the same photographs.

Two reproductions of photographs of Wittgenstein’s three sisters.

Two pictures of Ernst Bloch by M. Nedo, s. a.

A picture of Norman Malcolm, s. a.

Two pictures of Piero Straffa by M. Nedo 1976.

A picture of Rush Rhees with his dog by M. Nedo, s. a.

A large reproduction of a picture of Wittgenstein with moustache aged ca 20 years.

A large reproduction of a picture of Wittgenstein aged ca 20 years.

A picture of the Wren Library in Cambridge.



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2. Hayek – Sjögren – National Biography

2.1 Correspondence between Friedrich Hayek and Georg Henrik von Wright

Letters sent by number date

Hayek, F. 6 1953Wright, G. H. von 6 1953

Letters are in English.

2.2 Friedrich Hayek: Ludwig Wittgenstein

A Typed manuscript by F. Hayek with additions by hand matching the handwriting in Hayek’s

letters and some pencil marks by von Wright (45 pages).

A Typed manuscript, version of the same text by Hayek. Text starts by mentioning the year 1953,ends with a mention of the year 1959 and contains on its first page a pencil remark by von Wright:“A final version of the sketch, received 6 march 1967” (45 pages)

2.3 Translations by Arvid Sjögren of von Wrights Biographical Sketch

A letter from Arvid Sjögren dated 5.8.1954, in German.

A Typed manuscript of Sjögrens German translation of von Wrights Swedish text. Corrections bypencil, 21 pages.

A typed manuscript, another version of the same text. 20 pages.

2.4 Articles in Reference Works by von Wright

A typed manuscript of von Wrights entry on Wittgenstein in Dictionary of National Biography9 , 12pages.

Eight pieces of proof pages of von Wrights article on Wittgenstein in Encyclopaedia Britannica10

sent by the editor in 1958, 8 pages.

9 Wright, G. H. von: ”Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889-1951)” in E. T. Williams and Helen M. Palmer (eds.), The

Dictionary of National Biography 1951-1960 (Oxford, Oxford University Press): 1068-1071.10

Wright, G.H. von: ”Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889-1951)”, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol. 23(Chicago,Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1959): 692.



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3. Wittgenstein in Manchester and in Berlin, the Drawings for the Haus Kundmanngasse

3.1 Von Wrights Notes

A Notebook titled “Anteckningar om Ludwig Wittgensteins liv” (Notes on Ludwig Wittgenstein’slife), containing entries in both Swedish and English.

Three separate sheets with similar notes, dated 1960, 1980 and one s.a.

3.2 Discussion on Wittgenstein’s Person in European Newspapers

A typed note by von Wright dated 1998 concerning the meeting of Karl Popper and LudwigWittgenstein.

Two articles on Wittgenstein and Popper: two copies from a text in The Observer dated 8.3.1998and a newspaper scrap without name or date.

A Copy of an article in El País (15.3.1998) by Kimberly Cornish putting forward his claim, thatWittgenstein and Adolf Hitler went to elementary school together and that this actually had animpact on the twentieth century European history.

A letter to the editor of El País by Carlos Alarcón Cabrera.

A Copy of the letter published.

A Copy of a review by Eric Griffiths of The Jew of Linz in Evening Standard (23.3.1998)

A Page from Süddeutsche Zeitung (24.4.1998) with a review by John David Morley of The Jew of

Linz.

3.3 Wittgenstein in Manchester and in Berlin, the Drawings for the Haus Kundmanngasse

A Letter to von Wright from W. Mays (The Department of Philosophy, University of Manchester)

dated 4.6.1954.

A Typed manuscript titled “Ludwig Wittgenstein – Some memories of him by W. Eccles”, signedW.Eccles, 5 pages.

A Typed copy of a letter from The Royal Aeronautical Society’s secretary to W. Eccles dated4.2.1954 sending descriptions of some prints Eccles was acquainted with. No mentions of these inany of the letters.

A Typed copy of a letter sent by Wittgenstein from Vienna to Eccles dated “about July 1912”.

A Typed copy of a letter from J. Bamber to C.M. Mason (8.3.1954). Bamber knew Wittgenstein inManchester. Mason worked in the Manchester University Department for Engineering.



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A Typed copy of a letter from C. M. Mason (Department of Engineering, Manchester University) toW. Mays (Department of Philosophy, Manchester University) dated 8.5.1954.

Copies of the drawings for Haus Kundmanngasse.

Copies of drawings for a combustion chamber probably designed by Wittgenstein.

Two letters by Friedrich Rapp to authorities in Berlin, dated 15. and 16.1. 1973.

A Copy of a column in the Matrikelbuch of Technische Hochschule Berlin-Charlottenburg.

A letter to Rapp from Präsidium der Volkspolizei in Berlin, dated 13.2.1973.



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4. Materials obtained from Ludwig Hänsel and Dr. Ronald T. Grant – Wittgenstein as a

Schoolteacher and at Guy’s Hospital

4.1 Letters and reports sent by Ludwig Hänsel

Letters sent by number date

Hänsel, L. 11 1953

Letters are in German. Hänsel’s letter dated 28.1.1953 has a list of events in Wittgenstein’s life asan appendix.

Four accounts (typed transcriptions) of Wittgenstein as a schoolteacher in Austria by G.Berger, N.Rosner, M. Scherleitner and J. Putre. A note by von Wright estimating Putres account.

4.2 Wittgenstein’s letter to Oskar Fuchs

A letter from Roderick Chisholm to von Wright (21.9.1962).

A typed copy of Wittgenstein’s letter to Oskar Fuchs (10.2.1924).

A piece of film.

Photocopies of manuscripts with Wittgenstein’s handwriting e.g. the original text of the letter toFuchs.

4.3 Map from Connemara, Ireland.

A map over the area where Wittgenstein stayed first in 1934 and from May to August 1948 at RosroCottage, Miles Drury’s holiday house. Notes by both pencil and pen.

4.4 Wittgenstein at Guy’s Hospital

A Copy of an article in Guy’s Hospital Reports (122:1973) by J. R. Henderson titled “LudwigWittgenstein and Guy’s Hospital”.

Two letters from Dr. Roland T. Grant to von Wright dated 1960. Dr. Grant’s visiting card.

A letter from Guy’s Hospital clerk to Dr. Grant dated 1960 concerning Wittgenstein in hospitalwaging records.

A transcription of an account of Wittgenstein by Dr. Grant dated 1944.

Three letters to Dr. Grant reporting details on Wittgenstein’s person by H. Genge-Andrews, N.Wilkinson and E.B. Reeve. All letters are from 1960.

Two letters to von Wright from Leo Kinlen in 1970 inquiring after the materials gathered by Dr.Grant. A copy of von Wrights answer.



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Two letters to von Wright from Albert Hemert in 1989. Hemert is interested in Wittgenstein takingpart in the research at Guy’s Hospital. A copy of von Wrights answer.

A photocopy of pages 146-7 from the book Recollections of Wittgenstein, ed. Rush Rhees, OUP,

1984.

4.5 Wittgenstein in the Soviet Union

A Photocopy of a typescript with notes probably by von Wright.

A Copy of a poem “The Philosopher and the Birds” from Sailing to an Island by Richard Murphy,Faber&Faber, 1963. Wittgenstein was very interested in birdlife during the summer 1948 inConnemara.

Typed notes concerning Wittgenstein from Dora Russell’s memoirs The Tamarisk Tree, Putnam,

NY, 1975.

A Copy of a newspaper article without date. Note by von Wright: “Also letter from Gene E. to G.H.v. W. (in collection)”.

4.6 Early Contacts with Russell?

A copy of a book chapter from Dear Russell – Dear Jourdain: A Commentary on Russell’s Logic

Based on his Correspondence with Philip Jourdain, by I. Grattan-Guinness (Columbia UniversityPress, 1977).

A typed note by von Wright correcting and estimating the content.

4.6 Publication of Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung.

A copy of C.K. Odgen’s agreement with the publishers of Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung.

A copy of Wittgenstein’s letter to the publishers dated 22.6.1922.

Copies of other manuscripts in Wittgenstein’s handwriting (6 pages).

4.7 Letters to Friedrich Hayek

Copies of four letters from Paul Engelmann to F. Hayek dated 1953.

A Copy of a letter from Ludwig Ficker to F. Hayek dated 1953. Handwritten transcript of the sameletter.

A Typed list of materials concerning Wittgenstein sent to Thomas Stonborough 1959. A pencilmark: “F. A. Hayek”.



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4.8 Wittgenstein’s Notes to Coxeter

A letter by G. K. Plochmann to Von Wright dated 1959.

A Copy of von Wrights answer.

Two typed copies of notes from Wittgenstein to H.S. M. Coxeter, a student in Cambridge in early1930s.



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5. Biographical Tables by Michael Nedo

Photocopies of a genealogical table for the Wittgensteins.

Two typed time-scales in German, 14 pages each, indicating events in Wittgenstein’s life by M.

Nedo. Titled “Zeittafel zum Leben und Werk Ludwig Wittgenstein’s”.

Two typed time-scales in German, 7 pages each, indicating Wittgenstein’s lectures, topics he wascovering and students attending the lectures by M. Nedo. Titled “Wittgenstein’s Lehrtätigkeit inCambridge”.

Two typed time-scales in German, 12 pages each, indicating events in Wittgenstein’s life by monthand year by M. Nedo.

Folded sheets, cardboard folders and envelopes used by von Wright to cover the material.

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