wind ppt iari

7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI

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Innovative Methods to Harness Wind Energy

National Workshop on Outscaling Farm Innovation

4thSeptember!"#$

N%S& &omple'

NEW (E)HI

(r*%*+agadeesh

Wind Energy E'pert

,*M*-*Engineering &ollege

-avaraipettai ."# !". /amil Nadu IndiaE0mail1 anumakonda*2agadeesh3gmail*com


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Wind turbine cooperatives 0 Origin rom

(enmark

To encourage investment in wind power, familieswere offered a tax exemption for generating their

own electricity within their own or an adjoining

commune. While this could involve purchasing a

turbine outright, more often families purchasedshares inwind turbine cooperativeswhich in turn

invested in community wind turbines. By 199

there were around !,1"" such cooperatives in the

country. #pinion polls show that this directinvolvement has helped the popularity of wind

turbines, with some $% of &anes supporting wind

energy when compared with existing fuel sources.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine_cooperativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine_cooperativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Denmark


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The role of wind turbine cooperatives is not limited

to single turbines. The 'iddelgrundenoffshore

wind farm( with !" turbines the world)s largest

offshore farm at the time it was built in !""" ( is*"% owned by the 1",""" investors in the

'iddelgrunden Wind Turbine +ooperative, and

*"% by the municipal utility company.

By !""1 over 1"",""" families belonged to windturbine cooperatives, which had installed $% of

all the wind turbines in &enmar. By !""- over

1*",""" were either members or owned turbines,

and about *,*"" turbines had been installed,although with greater private sector involvement

the proportion owned by cooperatives had fallen to

*%.The cooperative model has also spread to

/ermany and the 0etherlands.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelgrundenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelgrunden


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inancially, community2based wind projects are

structured much differently than traditional

wind farms. 3n the traditional model, the company

that builds and manages a wind farm retains soleownership of the development. The owners of the

land on which the wind turbines were built usually

have no stae in development, and are instead

compensated through lease payments or byroyalty2based contracts.

The more people that become involved through

community wind power, the more democratic the

energy supply system becomes. 4nergy sellers

mae a profit, landowners receive leasing fees,

communities get improved infrastructure, local

people get jobs, governments receive taxes, andconsumers receive electricity at competitive prices.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farm


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Community wind farms

%ustralia

The 5epburn Wind 6rojectis awind farmat

7eonards 5ill near &aylesford, 8ictoria, north2west

of 'elbourne, 8ictoria. 3t comprises two !'Wwind turbineswhich produce enough power for

!,"" households.

This is the first :ustralian community2owned wind

farm. The initiative has emerged because thecommunity felt that the state and federal

governments were not doing enough to address

climate change.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_Wind_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylesford,_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbournehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbournehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylesford,_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_Wind_Project


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&anada

+ommunity wind power is in its infancy in +anada

but there are reasons for optimism. #ne such

reason is the launch of a new eed2in Tariff;3T+ommunity

wind project that will be majority2owned by the+hippewas of /eorgina 3sland irst 0ation, with a

local renewable energy co2operative ;the 6uwis

4nergy +o2operative< owning the remainder of the

project.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed-in_tariffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Energy_Act_2009http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pukwis_Community_Wind_Park&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pukwis_Community_Wind_Park&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Energy_Act_2009http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed-in_tariff


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5ermany3n /ermany, hundreds of thousands of people

have invested in citi?ens) wind farms across the

country and thousands of small and medium si?ed

enterprises are running successful businesses in anew sector that in !""$ employed 9",""" people

and generated $ percent of /ermany)s electricity.

Wind power has gained very high social

acceptance in /ermany, with the development of

community wind farms playing a major role.


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/he Netherlands@ixty2three farmers in &e Auidlob, the southern part of

the municipality of Aeewolde, have entered into a

cooperative agreement that aims to develop a wind farmof at least 1"$ 'W. The project will include the

installation of three phases of 1! wind turbines with

capacities of to -.* 'W each. The aim is to put the

wind farm into service in !"1!.The 0etherlands has an

active community of wind cooperatives. They build and

operate wind pars in all regions of the 0etherlands. This

started in the 19$"s with the first 7agerweij turbines.Bac then, these turbines could be financed by the

members of the cooperatives. Today, the cooperatives

build larger wind pars, but not as large as commercial

parties do. @ome still operate self2sufficiently, others

partner with larger commercial wind par developers.
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2008/10/dutch-farmers-ready-for-wind-energy-53986http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeewoldehttp://www.duurzameenergie.org/site/web-links/ode-windco-peraties.htmlhttp://www.duurzameenergie.org/site/web-links/ode-windco-peraties.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeewoldehttp://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2008/10/dutch-farmers-ready-for-wind-energy-53986


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6nited -ingdom

:s of !"1!, there are - communities who are in

the process of or already producing renewable

energy through co2operative structures in the C.They are set up and run by everyday people,

mostly local residents, who are investing their time

and money and together installing large wind

turbines, solar panels, or hydro2electric power fortheir local communities.


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United States

'ost of the wind farms in the nited @tates are

commercially owned. :s of !"11, 3owa has just

one community owned wind farm, that is 5ardin

5illtop near Defferson, 3owa.

0ational Windis a large2scale community wind

project developer, with thirteen families of projectsin development or operation. These projects have

an aggregate capacity of over -,""" 'W. The

vision of the company is to revitali?e rural

economies by promoting investment in domesticrenewable energy resources. 0ational Wind

creates shared ownership with communities and

allows them participation in decisions which are

made.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson,_Iowahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson,_Iowa


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: EF404W:B74 404F/G 0&H can be createdby /overnment with contributions from 3ndividuals

paying 3ncome Tax to get tax 4xemption under

@ection $" +.

This fund will invest in +ommunity Wind

arms;Wind arm +o2operatives


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W#0&4F@ # +#''03TG 6:FT3+36:T3#0 30

W30&'377

/he /vindMillis one of the biggest windmills in

the world ;*- m


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Tvind 'Illen, @orJrvej $, Tvind, 99" lfborg ,&enmar


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Tvindraft was created to show the way forward for wind

energy 2 and to show the way out for nuclear power. But

the most important thing was probably that the Teacher

/roup showed that it was possible for normal people,

without any significant scientific education, to build a

large wind power plant. With their determination, their

drive, their elbow grease and common sense,

cooperation and support, where help was to be found,

this unparalleled structure was created 2 despitecomments lieK LGou are doing wind power a disservice

by trying to build a windmillL, and despite the fact that no

authority wanted to give any financial assistance to the

windmill construction, although it clearly followed therecommendations of the E:ademiet for Tenis

8idensaberH M:cademy for Technical @ciencesN to

promote the development of wind energy in &enmar,

with both practical experiments as well as researchro ects.


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The Tvind windmill, "Tvindkraft" wascreated during the years 1975-783t is a tourist attraction. There is a lift which taes

people to the top. 3 visited the Tvindmill times

when 3 was in &enmar.


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Tvindmill


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/vindmill is a (o7n7ind /urbine

6p7ind 8s (o7n7ind /urbinesK

:n pwind turbine faces into the wind with theturbine blades in front of the 0acelle while a&ownwind turbine has blades to the rear of the0acelle and faces away from the wind. p2windturbines are by far and away the most common,

but down2wind turbines ;usually two2bladed< arealso used in certain situations.


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/F#W3:0 W30& TFB304

1980 the year of birth of a huge

machine, once the largest

windenergy converter of the world,

called GROWI!" #his $ilot $lant

started with e%$eriments in 198&"

'rection site was the ()aiser*Wilhelm*)oog( a very windy and

flat !orth +ea coast region, nearby

arne" #he machine was

dismantled scheduled in 198-,

because of finishing the

e%$ertiments"
http://www.ifb.uni-stuttgart.de/~doerner/GROWIAN.htmlhttp://www.ifb.uni-stuttgart.de/~doerner/GROWIAN.html


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0:@: 'od 1 W30& TFB304

!+ od 1 wind turbine

19-9.0/0&"$g /000 )W

)I2OW## WI!3 #4R5I!' I!

5OO!' !OR#6 7RO


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NEED FOR OFFSHORE WIND FARMS IN INDIA

Offshore wind $ower

Offshore wind power refers to the construction of wind farms in

bodies of water to generate electricity from wind. Better wind

speeds are available offshore compared to on land, so offshore

wind powers contribution in terms of electricity supplied is

higher. However, offshore wind farms are relatively expensive.

6ower 6 O " * p : 8 ;1


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6ower 6 O ".* p : 8.. .. ;1s;a severe gale< the

power becomes ".1! Q !- O $-" W. This massive

increase is due to cubic relationship between wind speed

and power by e=uation ;!


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9et:;s la7is a theory about the maximum possible energyto be derived from awind turbinedeveloped in 1919 by the

/erman physicist :lbert Bet?. :ccording to Bet?)s law, no

turbine can capture more than *9. percent of the

inetic energy in wind. The ideal or maximum theoreticalefficiency n max ;also called power coefficient< of a wind

turbine is the ratio of maximum power obtained from the

wind to the total power available in the wind. The factor

".*9 is nown as Bet?)s coefficient. 3t is the maximum

fraction of the power in a wind stream that can beextracted.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Betzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Betzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine


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Economics and benefits

#ffshore wind power can help to reduce energy imports,

reduce air pollution and greenhouse gases ;by displacingfossil2fuel power generation


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'ost entities and individuals active in offshore wind power

believe that prices of electricity will grow significantly from

!""9, as global efforts to reduce carbon emissions comeinto effect. BT' expects cost per Wh to fall from !"1-,

and that the resource will always be more than ade=uate in

the three areas 4urope, nited @tatesand +hina.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_emissionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTM_Consulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTM_Consulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_emissions


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The current state of offshore wind power presents

economic challenges significantly greater than onshore

systems 2 prices can be in the range of !.*2." million

4uro>'W. The turbine represents just one third to one halfof costs in offshore projects today, the rest comes from

infrastructure, maintenance, and oversight. 7arger turbines

with increased energy capture mae more economic sense

due to the extra infrastructure in offshore systems.:dditionally, there are currently no rigorous simulation

models of external effects on offshore wind farms, such as

boundary layer stability effects and wae effects. This

causes difficulties in predicting performance accurately, a

critical shortcoming in financing billion2dollar offshorefacilities. : report from a coalition of researchers from

universities, industry, and government, lays out several

things needed in order to bring the costs down and mae

offshore wind more economically viableK

3mproving wind performance models including how design


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3mproving wind performance models, including how design

conditions and the wind resource are influenced by the

presence of other wind farms.

Feducing the weight of turbine materials

4liminating problematic gearboxes

Turbine load2mitigation controls and strategies

Turbine and rotor designs to minimi?e hurricane and

typhoon damage

4conomic modeling and optimi?ation of costs of the overallwind farm system, including installation, operations, and

maintenance

@ervice methodologies, remote monitoring, anddia nostics.


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3n !"11, a &anish energy companyclaimed that offshore

wind turbines are not yet competitive with fossil fuels, but

estimates that they will be in 1* years. ntil then, state

funding and pension funds will be needed.

3n Belfast, the harbour industry is being redeveloped as ahub for offshore windfarm construction, at a cost of about

S*"m. The wor will create 1*" jobs in construction, as well

as re=uiring about 1m tonnes of stone from local =uarries,

which will create hundreds more jobs. L3t is the firstdedicated harbour upgrade for offshore windL.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DONG_Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DONG_Energy


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Top !* operational offshore wind

farms

Wind farmTotal(MW)

Country Coordinates Turbines& model OfficialStart

Walney (phases 1&2) 367.2 United Kingdom 54023!"# 3311$"W102 % iemens

W'3.6107

2011 (phase 1)

2012 (phase 2)

'hanet 300 United Kingdom 5126# 013!100 %*estas*$03+W

2010

,o-ns e/ 20$ enma- 553600"# 73524"$1 % iemens2.3$3

200$

Idsand 207 enma- 54330"# 114236"$0 % iemens2.3$3

2010

ynnand nne- osing 1$4 United Kingdom 53073$"# 002610"54 % iemens3.6107

200!

List of the top 2 offshore wind farms that are currently operational, rated by nameplate capacity. !n thecase of a tied bottom place in the table, the wind farm with the earliest commissioning date is used.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nameplate_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_commissioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walney_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms&params=54_02_38_N_3_31_19_W_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Walney+Wind+Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanet_Offshore_Wind_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms&params=51_26_N_01_38_E_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Thanet+Offshore+Wind+Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestas_V90-3MWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horns_Rev_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms&params=55_36_00_N_7_35_24_E_type:landmark_region:DK&title=Horns+Rev+2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms&params=54_33_0_N_11_42_36_E_type:landmark_region:DK&title=Nysted+Wind+Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_and_Inner_Dowsinghttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms&params=53_07_39_N_00_26_10_E_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Lynn+and+Inner+Dowsinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms&params=53_07_39_N_00_26_10_E_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Lynn+and+Inner+Dowsinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_and_Inner_Dowsinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms&params=54_33_0_N_11_42_36_E_type:landmark_region:DK&title=Nysted+Wind+Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms&params=55_36_00_N_7_35_24_E_type:landmark_region:DK&title=Horns+Rev+2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horns_Rev_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestas_V90-3MWhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms&params=51_26_N_01_38_E_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Thanet+Offshore+Wind+Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanet_Offshore_Wind_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms&params=54_02_38_N_3_31_19_W_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Walney+Wind+Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walney_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_commissioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nameplate_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farm


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oin igg(olay i-th) 1!0 United Kingdom 5445# 343W 60 % *estas*$03+W 2010

8n9leet ands 172 United Kingdom 514316"# 11731"4! % iemens3.6107

2010

#ysted (Idsand ) 166 enma- 54330"# 114236"72 % iemens2.3

2003

:ligh :an (:elind) 165 :elgi8m 513$36"# 24!0" 55 % *estas*$03+W 2010

,o-ns e/ 160 enma- 553147"# 75422"!0 % *estas*!02+W

2002

;-monde 150 United Kingdom 546# 324W 30 % poe-5+ 2012

ongy8an 8dong nte-tidal 131.3 -in?ess @malia 120 #ethe-lands 523524"# 41312"60 % *estas*!02+W

200!

illg-8nd 110 eden 5531# 12474! % iemens2.3$3

2007

gmond aan Aee 10! #ethe-lands 36 % *estas*$03+W

2006

onghai :-idge 102


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:8-o :an $0 United Kingdom 532$# 0310W25 % iemens3.6107

2007

hyl lats $0 United Kingdom 5322# 033$W25 % iemens3.6107

200$

#o-th ,oyle 60 United Kingdom 5326# 324W30 % *estas*!02+W

2003

?-oy ands 60 United Kingdom 523!56"# 14725" 30 % *estas*!02+W 2004

@lpha *ent8s 60 e-many 541# 6366 % poe- 5+C6 % @*@Wind +50005+

200$

:alti? 1 4! e-many 543636"# 123$0"21 % iemens2.3$3

2011

+iddelg-8nden 40 enma- 554127"# 124013"20 % :on8s(iemens) 2+W

2001

"ource# $i%ipedia

T 10 d t ti


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Top 10 under construction&his is a list of the '( largest offshore wind farms currently under construction

Wind farmTotal(MW)

Country CoordinatesTurbines& model

Completion

ondon @--ay(>hase )

630 United Kingdom 513!3!"# 013313"175 % iemens3.6120

2012

-eate- aa-d 504 United Kingdom 51524!"# 15624"140 % iemens3.6107

2012

'-ianel :o-8mWest

400 e-many!0 % @-e/a +8lti-id+5000

2012 (>hase 1)2015 (>hase 2)

:@ ;99sho-e 1 400 e-many 5422# 55$ !0 % :@ 5.0 2012

@nholt 400 enma-111 % iemens3.6120

2013

he-ingham hoal 315 United Kingdom 537# 1!!! % iemens3.6107

2012

in?s 270 United Kingdom 531100"# 002$00" 75 D 3.6+W 2012

'ho-ntonan >hase 2 147.6 :elgi8m 24 D poe- 6+ 2013

'eesside 62 United Kingdom 543$# 14W 27 D iemens 2.3+W 2012

atang aiEho8 4$.5


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)ust for comparison onshore wind farms and power production.

&op '( countries by nameplate wind power capacity

*2('' year+end

-ountry $ind power capacity

*$ provisional / world total

* 0rovisional

*"ource# 1lobal $ind "tatistics 2('',1lobal $ind nergy -ouncil 3+2+2('2


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United tates $5.2 23.4


34/45

Efforts in India on Offshore Wind Farms

/HE /IMES OF IN(I% &hennai

5ovt plans oshore acility to tap 7ind energy

T00 Dan , !"1!, ".":' 3@T

+5400:3K The +entre for Wind 4nergy Technology ;+W4T< plans toconduct a feasibility study in &hanushodi near Fameswaram to set up

offshore windmills, following problems of land ac=uisition for onshore

wind power projects.

@ources said wind velocity at 1"" metres from ground level would be

measured and data collected. L3t will be set up in a lagoon. 3f there is

enough wind flow, we will set up a wind farm and start powergeneration,L said a +W4T source.

#bviosly #ffshore wind systems are costlier than their onshore

counterparts, both in capital and operating costs. : summary of

indicative cost data provided below is insightful.


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&OS/ &OM


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/aviotas @mall Water 6umping

Windmill; /aviotas Tropical Windmill, &ouble :ction 6ump 2

; '8!4

; The conventional Windmill to draw water from wells has

been built for over a hundred years.

; &ue to its old design it weighs more than half a ton, and

re=uires a strong wind to wor.

; nfortunately, our countries are poor in tropical windR

however, there are very heavy storms

; at very short periods.


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/aviotas @mall Water 6umping

Windmill


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@mall @cale Wind Battery

+hargers from +hina


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&onclusions and


42/45

#f all the forces of nature, 3 should thin the wind contains the

largest amount of motive powerVthat is, power to move things.

Tae any given space of the earth)s surfaceV for instance,

3llinoisR and all the power exerted by all the men, and beasts, andrunning2water, and steam, over and upon it, shall not e=ual the

one hundredth part of what is exerted by the blowing of the wind

over and upon the same space. :nd yet it has not, so far in the

world)s history, become proportionably valuable as a motive

power. 3t is applied extensively, and advantageously, to sail2vessels in navigation. :dd to this a few windmills, and pumps,

and you have about all. ... :s yet, the wind is an untamed, and

unharnessed forceR and =uite possibly one of the greatest

discoveries hereafter to be made, will be the taming, and

harnessing of it.V %braham )incoln

7ecture ;(iscoveries and Inventions), ;1$"< in Discoveries

and Inventions;191*


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When the wind of change blows some build walls

others build windmills * 7hinese $roverb , ,


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0ut the $!?# &o get inexhaustible,pollution+free energy which cannot be misused.

+ 3r" "

:agadeesh


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Thank You

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