when in rome…. france’s burka ban mosque near ground zero arizona’s immigration law honor...
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NONVERBAL CUESIN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
When in Rome…
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CULTURAL CONTROVERSIES France’s burka ban Mosque near ground zero Arizona’s immigration law Honor killings Terry Jones Kuran burning Westboro Baptist Church Asian drivers Female circumcision
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THE WORLD IS BECOMING MORE AMERICAN American culture is a leading
export Movies Music TV shows YouTube Facebook Twitter Fashion
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AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM?
“America is the greatest country in the world” Freedom Democracy Free speech Land of opportunity
But are we #1? Infant mortality: 33rd Life expectancy: 37th
(behind Cuba, Puerto Rico, Chile, Costa Rica)
Education: The U.S. ranked 14 out of 34 countries in reading, and 25th in math
Health care quality: 37th
Gender gap/gender equality: 27th
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CULTURE BIAS
Culture bias: interpreting and judging another culture based on standards from one’s own culture Example: hygiene
standards in the U.S.A. Ethnocentrism: belief
in the inherent superiority of one’s own culture Example: “capitalism is
good, socialism is evil”
Cultural imprinting begins at an early age
Culture bias may be conscious or unconscious
Which fellow is dressed “weird”?
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HIGH VERSUS LOW CONTACT CULTURES high contact
cultures exhibit greater immediacy Touch more
Stand closer
More olfactory
examples South America Southern France Southern Italy Southern Spain Greece, Portugal Latin America
low contact cultures exhibit lesser immediacy Touch less Stand farther apart More visual examples
Germany Great Britain Norway Japan China
The U.S.A. is a moderate contact culture
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HIGH VERSUS LOW CONTACT CULTURES
When passing another stranger on the sidewalk: 1-2% of Japanese
people smiled, nodded, or spoke to the passerby
9-25% of Americans smiled, nodded, or spoke
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HIGH VS. LOW CONTEXT CULTURES High context cultures
are more collectivistic; concerned with group harmony, getting along
cultural rules and social norms are implicitly understood
are more nonverbal tend to read between
the lines Examples: China,
Japan, Taiwan, Korea
Low context cultures are more
individualistic; celebrate individuality and personal autonomy
cultural rules and social norms are discussed, negotiated
are more verbal tell to spell things out Examples: Germany,
U.S. Switzerland, Sweden
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HIGH VS. LOW CONTEXT CULTURES American college
roommates Messy roommate:
“It’s your turn to clean the kitchen.”
Noisy roommate: “Keep it down, I’m trying to study.”
Unpaid debt: “You owe me 20 bucks. Pay up.”
Japanese college roommates Messy roommate: “If
someone visits, they will think are messy.”
Noisy roommate: “The neighbors may be disturbed by all the noise.”
Unpaid debt: “I wish I could afford to buy a subway pass for this month.”
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HIGH CONTEXT VS. LOW CONTEXT Japanese tea ceremony
Every behavior of the host and guest is highly ritualized and prescribed
all meaning is contextual The tea ceremony reflects
the principles of: Wa - Harmony, Kei - Respect, Sei - Purity, and Jaku - Serenity
An American who said “hey, great tea,” or “hurry up and finish your tea” would be committing a cultural faux pas
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FEMININE VS. MASCULINE CULTURES Feminine
cultures have more flexible, androgynous gender roles Examples:
Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Germany , Chile, Portugal
Masculine cultures have more rigid, clearly defined gender roles Examples: Japan, Italy,
Mexico, Venezuela The U.S. is
moderately masculine Nascar dads Stay-at-home dads Career women Home-schoolers
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MOHAMMAD, THE TEDDY BEAR, CONTROVERSY A British schoolteacher,
Gene Gibbons, was sentenced to 40 lashes for allowing her students to name a class teddy bear Mohammad
Sharia law should not be taken lightly
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DON’T SHOW THE SOLES OF YOUR SHOES OR FEET In Middle Eastern
countries it is considered rude to point the bottom of your foot at someone.
The sole of the foot is considered unclean.
Shoes are removed before entering a Mosque.
It is akin to “mooning” someone in the U.S.A.
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CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
In Saudi Arabia it is illegal for a man and woman to hold hands in public
It is not illegal for two males to hold hands in public
An American who kissed a woman in pubic was jailed then deported
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INTERCULTURAL GAFFES
Richard Gere “greets” Shilpa Shetty too enthusiastically
Hindu followers consider any public display of affection (PDA) to be taboo.
PDA is even more frowned upon if the pair is unmarried.
Gere was a non-Hindu foreigner in a country that endorses arranged marriages
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INTERCULTURAL GAFFES Low bow humor:
Obama was criticized for bowing too low the the Japanese emperor, and for shaking hands at the same time.
Hands off the crown jewels: Michelle Obama broke royal protocol during a reception at Buckingham Palace when she placed her arm around the Queen.
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INTERCULTURAL GAFFES
“Our North Korean Ally” While being
interviewed on Glenn Beck’s radio show, Palin twice referred to North Korea as America’s ally.
"Obviously, we gotta stand with our North Korean allies“ she remarked.
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INTERCULTURAL GAFFES
Cameron Diaz toured Mach Picchu carrying a Chinese handbag with the phrase “Serve the People.”
The phrase, by Mao Zedong, touched a nerve among Peruvians
The Maoist Shining Path insurgency in Peru killed 70,000 people
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INTERCULTURAL GAFFES We are not
amused: Following a verbal
gaffe, (he suggested the Queen had toured the U.S. in 1776) George W. Bush winked at the queen.
She returned the wink with a cold glare