what is project 310810

8/8/2019 What is Project 310810

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Project Management &

Operations Vs Projects

By

I. Krishna Murthy

Asst.ProfUniversity of Petroleum and Energy Studies


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Project Management Introduction

What is a project?

What is Project Management?

The Context for Project Management

The Project Management Process

Knowledge areas for project management


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What is a Project?

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken

to create a unique product or service.

Temporary means that every project has a

definite beginning and a definite end.

Unique means that the product or service is

different in some distinguishing way from all

similar products or services.


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Distinguish between projects and operations

Operations are ongoing and repetitive.

Projects are temporary and unique

Projects are usually performed by teams

Clearly defined team and individual roles.

Open and effective communications.

Visible rewards for good performance, pressure to

improve poor performance


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Operations and Projects

Operations and projects share many

characteristics:

Performed by people.

Constrained by limited resources.

Planned, executed, and controlled.

Operations may include activities such as:

Financial management and control

Continuous manufacture

Product distribution


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Projects may include activitiessuch as:

Developing a new product or service.

Effecting a change in structure, staffing, or

style of an organization.

Developing or acquiring a new or modified

information system.


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Projects are TemporaryTemporary means that every project has a definite

beginning and a definite end.

The end is reached:

When the projects objectives have been achieved, or

When it becomes clear that the project objectives will not or

cannot be met and the project is terminated.

Temporary does not necessarily mean short in

duration:

Many projects last for several years.

The duration of a project is finite:

Projects are not ongoing efforts.


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The Product of a Project is Unique

A product or service may be unique even if thecategory it belongs to is large.

For example, many thousands of office buildings have been

developed, but each individual facility is uniquedifferent owner,

different design, different location, different contractors, and so

on.

Because the product of each project is unique, the

characteristics that distinguish the product or service must be

progressively elaborated.

Progressively means proceeding in steps; continuing steadily

by increments

Elaborated means worked out with care and detail; developed

thoroughly


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What is Project Management?

Project management is the application of

knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project

activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder

needs and expectations from a project

Meeting stakeholder needs and expectations

involves balancing competing demands among:

Scope, time, cost, and quality.

Stakeholders with differing needs and expectations.

Identified requirements (needs) and unidentified

requirements (expectations).


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The Triple Constraint of Project Management


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Project Management &

Other Management Disciplines

Project ManagementKnowledge and

Practice

GeneralManagement

Knowledge and

Practice

ApplicationArea

Knowledge and

Practice


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Project Management and Software

Development

Software development shows many characteristics that make it

suitable for management as projects

Many software products are unique

Software development commonly involves deadlines for

time and resources

The characteristics of software are well suited to

progressive elaboration

Project Management techniques are commonly seen as best

practice for software development


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The Context for ProjectManagement

The Project Life Cycle

Project Stakeholders

Organizational Influences

Key General Management Skills


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The Project Life Cycle

The project life cycle serves to define the beginning

and the end of a project

The life cycle is normally divided into a number of

phases

Each project phase is marked by completion of one

or more deliverables

A deliverable is a tangible, verifiable work product

such as a feasibility study, a detail design, or a

working prototype.


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A Generic Life Cycle


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Project Stakeholders

Project stakeholders are individuals and organizations

who are actively involved in the project, or whose

interests may be positively or negatively affected as

a result of project execution or successful project

completion.

The project management team must identify the

stakeholders, determine what their needs and

expectations are, and then manage and influencethose expectations to ensure a successful project.


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Key Stakeholders

Key stakeholders on every project include:

Project manager

The individual responsible for managing the project.

Customer

The individual or organization who will use the project product.

Performing organization.


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Key Stakeholders

Key stakeholders on every project include:

The enterprise whose employees are most directly involved in doing

the work of the project.

Sponsor

The individual or group within the performing organization who

provides the financial resources, in cash or in kind, for the project.

Project team members.

The people doing the work on the project to realize a product.


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OrganizationalInfluencesConduct of Projects is influenced by:

Organizational Structure

range from fully functional to totally project oriented

Organizational Culture

Conservative orAggressive

Participative orAuthoritarian

Organizational Systems

Suitability of support functions such as finance, human

resource management or strategic planning for project

work


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Influence ofOrganizationalStructure on

ProjectsOrganization Type

Project

Characteristics

Functional

Weak

Matrix

Balanced

Matrix

Strong

Matrix

Projectize

d

Project Managers

Authority

Little or None Limited Low to

Moderate

Moderate to

High

High to

Almost

Total

Percent of

PerformingOrganizations

Personnel Assigned

Full-time to Project

Work

Virtually None 025% 1560% 5095% 85100%

Project Managers

Role

Part-time Part-time Full-time Full-time Full-time

Common Titles for

Project Managers

Role

Project

Coordinator/

Project

Leader

Project

Coordinator/

Project

Leader

Project

Manager/

Project

Officer

Project

Manage/

Program

Manager

Project

Manager/

Program

Manager

ProjectManagement

Part-time Part-time Part-time Full-time Full-time


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Key GeneralManagement SkillsGeneral management encompasses planning, organizing, staffing,

executing, and controlling the operations of an ongoing enterprise.

General management also includes supporting disciplines such ascomputer programming, law, statistics and probability theory,

logistics, and personnel.

Some general management skills are critical for successful project

management:

Leading

Communicating

Negotiating

Problem Solving

Influencing the Organization


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Project Management Process

The purpose of the Project management process is

to identify, establish, and coordinate and monitor

activities, tasks, and resources necessary for a

project to produce a product and/or service meetingthe agreed requirements.


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Outcomes of Project Management

As a result of successful implementation of theprocess:

The scope of the work for the project will be defined;

The feasibility of achieving the goals of the project withavailable resources and constraints will be evaluated;

The tasks and resources necessary to complete the work

will be sized and estimated;

Interfaces between elements in the project, and with other

projects and organizational units, will be identified and

monitored;


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Outcomes of Project Management

As a result of successful implementation of the process:

Plans for execution of the project will be developed and

implemented;

Progress of the project will be monitored and reported;

Actions to correct deviations from the plan and to prevent

recurrence of problems identified in the project, will be taken

when project targets are not achieved.


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(Project implementation and control)

KnowledgeAreas for Project Management Project Integration Management

Project Scope management

Project Time Management

Project Cost Management

Project Quality Management

Project Human Resource Management

Project Communications Management

Project Risk Management

Project Procurement Management

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