Water

Contents of the Presentation

Introduction

Forms of Water

Resources of Water

Study of Water

Water Cycle

Uses of Water

Excess of Water

Scarcity (Absence of Water)

Groundwater

Conservation of Water

Introduction

The water is a chemical substance with the formula H2O.

The water is very important for life, because it is vital. The animals or humans drink water because the body needs 75% water to do exercise for example: walk.

Water covers 71% of the Earth. Two thirds parts of the earth.

Water on Earth moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea.

Forms of Water

Solid Liquid Gas (Vapour)

Resources of Water

Surface water

Water in a River, Lake, Fresh Water Wetland or Ocean.

Ground water Water located beneath Earth's surface.

Study of Water

Hydrology is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth.

The study of the distribution of water is Hydrography.

The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is Hydrogeology.

The study of the distribution and movement of glaciers is Glaciology.

The study of the distribution of oceans is Oceanography.

Water Cycle

The continuous exchange of water within the hydrosphere, between the atmosphere, soil water, surface water, groundwater, and plants.

Water moves perpetually through each of these regions in the water cycle consisting of following transfer processes:

Evaporation from oceans and other water bodies into the air and transpiration from land plants and animals into air.

Precipitation, from water vapour condensing from the air and falling to earth or ocean.

Runoff from the land usually reaching the sea.

Uses of Water

Agricultural

70% of worldwide water is used for irrigation.

Industrial

22% of worldwide water is used in industry. Water is used in power generation. Pressurized water is used in water blasting and water jet cutters. Etc.

Household

These include drinking water, bathing, cooking, sanitation, and gardening.

Uses of Water

For Drinking

To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters of water per day to avoid dehydration

WashingThe propensity of water to form solutions and emulsions is useful in various washing processes.

Washing is also an important component of several aspects of personal body hygiene.

TransportationThe use of water for transportation of materials through rivers and canals as well as the international shipping lanes is an important part of the world economy.

Uses of Water

Chemical Uses

Water is widely used in chemical reactions as a solvent or reactant and less commonly as a solute or catalyst.

Heat Exchange

Water and steam are a common fluid used for heat exchange, due to its availability and high heat capacity, both for cooling and heating.

Fire Extinction

Water has a high heat of vaporization and is relatively inert, which makes it a good fire extinguishing fluid.

Uses of Water

RecreationHumans use water for many recreational purposes, as well as for exercising and for sports. Some of these include swimming, waterskiing, boating, surfing and diving.

Water Industry

The water industry provides drinking water and wastewater services (including sewage treatment) to households and industry.

Food processingBoiling, steaming, and simmering are popular cooking methods that often require immersing food in water or its gaseous state, steam. Water is also used for dishwashing.

Excess of Water

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry.

The primary effects of flooding include loss of life, damage to buildings and other structures, including bridges, sewerage systems, roadways, and canals.

Damage to roads and transport infrastructure may make it difficult to mobilize aid to those affected or to provide emergency health treatment.

Flood waters typically inundate farm land, making the land unworkable and preventing crops from being planted or harvested, which can lead to shortages of food both for humans and farm animals.

Scarcity (Absence of Water)

Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region.

Deficiency of Water leads to Drought.

Water scarcity involves water stress, water shortage or deficits, and water crisis.

The United Nations Committee declared that the human right to water entitles everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water for personal and domestic use.

Groundwater

Groundwater is the water located beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water.

Groundwater supplies nearly half of all drinking water in the world.

Conservation of Water

The goals of water conservation efforts is to ensure availability for future generations.

The strategies include

Any beneficial reduction in water loss, use and waste of resources.

Avoiding any damage to water quality.

Improving water management practices that reduce or enhance the beneficial use of water.

Conservation of Water

Water-saving technology for the home includes: Low-flow shower heads, Low-flush toilets as use large

volumes of water,

Turn off water while you are brushing your teeth and open it when you need to rinse your mouth.

Waste water reuse or recycling systems, allowing:

Rainwater harvesting, Weather-based irrigation controllers.

High-efficiency clothes washers

Low flow taps in wash basins.

Don’t use water where it is unnecessary like, washing driveways, washing trucks frequently, etc. These things can be done with less water or without using any water.

Reuse water when it is discharged from various processes.

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