water pollution. types of water pollution effect of sewage on dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen...
TRANSCRIPT
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Water Pollution
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Types of Water Pollution• Effect of sewage on dissolved oxygen and
biological oxygen demand
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Types of Water Pollution• Eutrophication: An Enrichment Problem
Oligotrophic lake
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Types of Water Pollution
• Eutrophication: An Enrichment Problem
Eutrophic lake
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Types of Water Pollution• Sediment Pollution
Low sediment load
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Types of Water Pollution• Sediment Pollution
High sediment load
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Types of Water Pollution
• Inorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients
• The Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico
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Water Quality Today• Municipal Water Pollution
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Water Quality TodayGroundwater Pollution
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Improving Water Quality
• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process:
Collected from reservoir or ground water.
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Improving Water Quality
• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process:
Water treated
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Improving Water Quality
• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process:
Distributed to customers
Wastewater collected as sewage
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Improving Water Quality• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process:
Sewage treated
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Improving Water Quality
• Municipal Sewage Treatment
Primary and Secondary Sewage Treatment
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Improving Water Quality• Individual Septic Systems
Septic tank
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Improving Water Quality
• Individual Septic Systems
Drain field/Leach Fields
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Laws Controlling Water Pollution
• Case-in-Point: Water Pollution in the Great Lakes
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What is a Pesticide?• First-Generation Pesticides
• Inorganic compounds (e.g., lead, mercury)
• Botanicals (e.g., nicotine, pyrethrin)
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Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
• Benefit: Disease Control
Location of malaria
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Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
• Problem: Evolution of Genetic Resistance
# of species exhibiting genetic resistance to pesticides
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Benefits and Problems with Pesticides• Problem: Evolution of Genetic Resistance
• Creates a pesticide treadmill
Pesticide application
Kills most pests
Resistant survive
Numbers increase
New population genetically resistant
EVEN MORE
INCREASE
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Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
• Problem: Imbalances in the Ecosystem
• Creation of New Pests
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Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
• Problem: Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Biological Magnification
Biomagnification of DDT
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Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
• Problem: Mobility in the Environment
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Risks of Pesticides to Human Health
• Short-term Effects of Pesticides
• Handling of food with pesticide residue
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Alternatives to Pesticides
• Integrated Pest Management
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Alternatives to Pesticides
• Integrated Pest Management
Rice Production in Indonesia
IPM introduced
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World Food Problems
• Common diseases due to malnourishment:
• Kwashiorkor
kwa·shi·or·kor (kwä'shē-ôr'kôr') Severe protein malnutrition, especially in children after weaning, marked by lethargy, growth retardation, anemia, edema, potbelly, skin depigmentation, and hair loss or change in hair color.
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Common diseases due to malnourishment:
• Ma·ras·mus (mə-răz'məs)
• A progressive wasting of the body, occurring chiefly in young children and associated with insufficient intake or malabsorption of food.
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World Food Problems• Maintaining Grain Stockpiles
• World grain carryover stocks
U.N. estimates that carryover stocks should not fall below 70 days.
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The Principal Types of Agriculture
• Industrialized agriculture
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Challenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock
• Increasing Crop Yields
US wheat yields
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Challenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock
• Genetic Engineering
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Solutions to Agricultural Problems• Sustainable Agriculture
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Fisheries of the World
•Overharvesting is the most serious problem
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Hazardous and Solid Waste
• Types of Solid Waste Paper andPaperboard
Yard Waste
Food Waste
Plastics
Metals
Rubber, leather, &textiles
Glass
Wood
Other
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Solid Waste
• Disposal of Solid Waste- Too many landfills!
SanitaryLandfills
Recycling
Incineration
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Sanitary Landfills
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Solid Waste
• The Special Problem of Tires
• Made from materials that cannot be recycled
• Can be incinerated
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Solid Waste
• Disposal of Solid Wastes
• Incineration
CO2 emissions per kwatt-hour of electricity production
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Solid Waste• Mass burn incinerator
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Waste Prevention
• Recycling, Composting, Reusing
Solid waste produced by average family of four in one year in US
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Waste Prevention• Integrated Waste Management
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Hazardous Waste
• Case-in-Point: Hanford Nuclear Reservation
Drums of low-level nuclear waste
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Hazardous Waste• Hazardous waste landfill