TYPES OF WALL AND CEILING TREATMENTS AND CARE & MAINTENACE

TYPES OF WALL AND CEILING TREATMENTS AND CARE & MAINTENACEGURSIMAR KAUR CHANDHOKHARSHITA SAINIYASHIKA GROVERM.SC (P) SEM -II

INTRODUCTIONWalls are the essential architecture element of any building.They traditionally served as structural supports for floor above, ceilings and roofs.They provide protection and privacy for the interior spaces they create.

WALL COVERINGSWall covering are placed over the original wall surfaces. Wall coverings make a major decorating statement Wall treatments can be designed to cure defects of dimension or a camouflage awkward structural. FACTORS FOR SELECTIONWALL TREATMENTS

NON- RESILIENT WALL COVERINGSWOOD PANELINGWood offers:WarmthTextureVibrancy of a living materialsPlywood panels are known for their finest decorative effects.Veneered wood panel is a substitute. They can be finished with varnish, strains, wax or paints.

GYPSUM BOARDGypsum board is highly fire- resistant and sound resistant.It can be used in partition walls, it is applied from the floor to the ceiling.It is used in various areas like:RestroomsMulti- unit apartment buildingsHospital rooms

PAINTSPaints come in numerous colors producing unlimited shades tones and tints.Paints are made from a vast array of synthetic and legend materials.Types of paints:AlkydAcrylicLatexEnamelVarnishShellac

tilesLight and easy to installCost efficient and environment friendlyMade from natural clay and often from other (recycled) materialsDurableDoes not necessitate the use of heavy chemicals.Tiles, thin slab of glazed or unglazed fired clay used structurally or decoratively on walls.

MIRRORSMirrors can expand an area visually.They are available in large sheet and pre cut panels.Ready to install and they cover the entire wall or be spaced on a wall for functionDisadvantage:Mirrors are relatively expensive to install, costing 3 times as much as medium- priced wall paper.The threat of breakage is quite slight.

PLASTERIts an old technique in which plaster is applied over the wallboard or concrete blocks.Textures range from smooth to stucco.Disadvantages:It often chips and crakes as a building settles over the year.

MOSAICMosaics, works of art of surface decorations, composed of variously colored small pieces of glass, stone, ceramics or other materials.

GLASSClear glass partitions provide an innovative way of creating separate working areas.Giving a modern and spacious look.They are innovative, modern and stylish alternative to traditional partitions.

CLADDINGIt can be:Brown stonesBrick-wallsRock-stonesPebble finishesStone and brick walls are simulated with moulded polyester sheets.

RESILIENT WALL COVERINGCORKIt is valued for its acoustical propertiesIts surface can be punctured repeatedly.Small particles of cork are held together with a composition binder.The material is available in flexible sheets, in square tiles and in plywood- backed panels.Disadvantage:Vulnerability to strains, particularly grease

LEATHER COVERINGIt was popular in 17th century.Treasured examples of this material are carefully preserved in museum collections.Now-a-days, expensive vinyl sheets are often used to resemble leather.Leather covered walls are often ornamented with molding strips or with brass-headed studs.

WALL PAPERSWall papers are not only used to create an atmosphere but to create an infinite variety of novel effects.Available in wide range of textures, colors, patterns and interesting designs.

CEILING FINISHES

METHODS OF APPLICATION FOR CEILING FINISHES1. Directly Applied Ceiling Finishes The direct application of paints, materials, textures, and stains.They must be applied in. thick layers because they are applied alone.2. Direct Surfacing The direct attachment of a panel of any given material to the ceiling's structure.Some examples of panels that are applied in this way are gypsum and drywall. 3. Unfinished ceilingsAn unfinished ceiling usually refers to a ceiling with an exposed structural system such as a ceiling truss or space frames.

TYPES OF CEILING FINISHESCEILING TILESAcoustical Tile CeilingsGypsum Tiles & Drywall CeilingsCEILING PLANKSWooden PlanksCEILING PANELSLinear Metal Panel CeilingsTin Panel Ceilings

Ceiling tiles Acoustical Tile Ceilings The typical dimensions of an acoustical tile are 300 by 300 mm and 300 by 600 mm. Main objective of acoustical tiles is to control the acoustical properties of that space.Acoustical tiles that are porous and lightweight are the best at absorbing sound. Disadvantages:- Acoustical tiles are considered a source of pollution because they are porous. Their porosity invites the growth of fungus and microbes, as well as the entry of humidity and moisture.

Gypsum Tiles & Drywall CeilingsDrywall (also known as plasterboard, wallboard, gypsum board) is a panel made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper.Drywall ceilings require less space.It offers a smooth and clean looking ceiling. Disadvantages :- It provides poor access to pipes and wiring.If there is a water leak one will have significant ceiling damage.Drywall ceilings also curtail ones ability to future proof the home living ceiling

Ceiling PlanksWOODEN PLANKS Wood planks are strips of wood that are typically 3/4 inch thick. Wood planks come in a large variety of different wood types. Some of the types include: plain pine, exotic hardwoods, and cedars.

Advantages Wood planks usually have a large amount of recycled content, which is good for the environment. They do not require expert knowledge is because their installation is very simple.

Ceiling PlanksDisadvantages:- Mechanical fastening makes difficult to remove a wood plank without permanently damaging it.Wooden planks that are too thick have a large weight and thus may be too heavy for a ceiling to hold.

Ceiling PanelsLinear Metal Panel CeilingsLinear metal ceilings are composed of two main elements: carriers and metal panels. The metal panels snap onto the carriers and are tightly held in place via the interlocking mechanism between the panel and the carrier.These ceilings are different from other ceilings in that the metal panels are linear and continuous rather than rectangular. The linear strips are typically 50 by 150 mm and 200 by 300 mm, the latter being less common than the former.Advantages:-Their metal qualities almost camouflage the presence of HVAC grilles and diffusers as wells as lighting fixtures. Linear metal panels are famous for their low maintenance, easy cleaning, and long life properties. Ceiling PanelsDisadvantages:- Linear panels are often costly and are typically custom made for specific projects, rather than being largely available throughout the market. Acoustical qualities such as sound absorption can only be achieved by adding absorbent fabrics and are not inherent in the material.

Ceiling PanelsTin Panel Ceilings Tin ceilings were built to last, and in the absence of prolonged moisture damage leading to corrosion.Easy restoration is achieved by simply stripping old paint, treating the metal with a protective base coat, patching minor damaged areas, and repainting.Disadvantages:- Ceiling requires a historic pattern that is no longer in production.Good quality panels from the existing ceiling may be used to create a mold and new customized tin can be pressed. Thus, they are the most expensive of all the ceiling panels in the market.

Maintenance OF WALLS and Ceilings.Wood Paneling and cladding-Regular Dusting or Vacuuming.Light Washing.Removing Grease or Crayon.Lemon Oil Finish and use of vegetable oil.Avoid alkali and solvents-cladding.Gypsum Board-Dust regularly using a feather duster or a dry cloth.Obtain a cellulose sponge.Desired cleaning solution preparation.Soak the cellulose sponge and wipe walls.

Paints- (before)Surface -free from oil, grease.Remove any loose paint-water blasting, scraping or wire brushing. Apply primer to any areas cleaned. Apply two finish coats for desired appearance.(After)Wash walls painted with latex paint using warm water and a nonabrasive all-purpose cleaner.For spots, such as fingerprints etc- paste of baking soda and water & use a nonabrasive pad.Wash walls painted with oil-based paint, substituting detergent solution- liquid dish detergentwith white vinegar

TilesRemoves cement and residual film left over from grouting process before installation.Use of a mild acid de-cementing solution followed by rinsing.Wiped with warm water with neutral detergent.Cleaned routinely with an all-purpose, low VOC household or commercial cleaner.Mirrors and glassDamp cleanClean using amicrofibre sponge or cloth dampened with warm water.Spot clean (if necessary)Spot clean any spills, marks or stains using a neutral pH chemical such as Slique Cleansing Fluid with clean water.

Plaster Frequent dusting prevents some of the dust buildup and discolorationRegular bleach lightens the grime and washes away the dirt without damaging the plaster. A once- or twice-yearly deep cleaning with a bleach solution is usually to look at its best.Mosaic Always Apply Sealant Especially Outdoors!Always Wipe Down With Soapy WaterRegularly Clean Grout To Avoid Mould Build-UpAvoid Acidic Substances & Homemade Cleaners

Cork The surface can be wiped or washed using any common, PH neutral cleaning method (PH 7-8.5).Abrasives or alkaline cleaners should never be used.Use a soft, lint free cloth and rinse with clean water after cleaningLeather CoveringsFrequently vacuuming. Occasional conditioning with leather Cleaner, Conditioner, and Protector. Never use leather cleaners such as saddle soaps, Murphys Oil Soap, containing harsh chemicals or alcohol, or ink removers

Maintenance OF RESILIENT WALLS.

Wallpapers Vacuum your wallpaper.Clean delicate coverings with dough.Test unique or textured wallpaper before washing it.Give your kitchen wallpaper an occasional wipe