vocabulary review chapter 1. the science of life biology
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Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview
Chapter 1Chapter 1
The science of life
Biology
The production of offspring that does
not involve the union of gametes
Asexual reproduction
An organism that uses energy to
synthesize organic molecules from
inorganic substances
Autotroph
Tiny structures that carry out
functions necessary for the cell to stay alive
Organelles
Major subdivisions of all organisms
Domains
High degree of order within an organism’s internal and external
parts and its interactions with the
living world
Organization
Made up of one cell
Unicellular
Made up of more than one cell
Multicellular
Structures that carry out
specialized jobs within an organ
system
Organs
Smallest unit that can perform all life’s processes
Cell
Segment of DNA that contains coding for a polypeptide or
protein; a unit of hereditary information
Gene
An organism that obtains organic
food molecules by eating other
organisms or their by-products
Heterotroph
The stable internal conditions of a
living thing
Homeostasis
A double-helix-shaped nucleic
acid
DNA
The sum of all chemical
processes in living things
Metabolism
Groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to
function
Tissue
The production of new offspring
Reproduction
Chemical compounds that provide physical
structure and that bring about
movement, energy use, and other
cellular functionsBiological Molecules
Formation of two new cells from an
existing cell
Cell division
Process by which an organism
becomes a mature adult
Development
Another system of grouping
organisms into six major categories
Kingdom
Brand of biology that studies organisms
interacting with each other and with
the environment
Ecology
Communities of living species and
their physical environments
Ecosystem
Process in which the inherited
characteristics within populations
change over generations
Evolution
Organisms that have certain favorable traits
are better able to survive and reproduce
successfully than organisms that lack
these traits
Natural Selection
Traits that improve an
individual’s ability to survive and
reproduce
Adaptations
The act of perceiving a
natural occurrence that causes
someone to pose a question
Observation
Proposed explanation for the
way a particular aspect of the natural world
functions
Hypothesis
Organized approach to learn how the natural
world works
Scientific Method
Statement that forecasts what
would happen in a test situation if the hypothesis
were true
Prediction
Used to test a hypothesis and its
prediction
Experiment
Provides a normal standard against
which the biologist can compare results of the experimental
group
Control Group
Identical to the control group except for one
factor
Experimental Group
“responding variable”; affected
by the independent
variable
Dependent Variable
“manipulated variable”;
experimenter changes this
variable
Independent variable
Scientists who are experts in the field anonymously read and critique the
research
Peer review
A highly tested, generally accepted
principle that explains a vast
number of observations and experimental data
Theory
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