HONORS BIOLOGYCHAPTER ONE:

Biology: Exploring Life

Biology

• The Scientific Study of Life

Characteristics of Life• An organism must have all seven of these in order to

be considered as living.

• 1. Order

• 2. Reproduction

• 3. Growth and development

• 4. Energy Processing

• 5. Respond to the Environment

• 6. Regulation

• 7. Evolutionary adaptation

Characteristics of Life youtube5:24

1. ORDERLiving things are made of cells

• These units help to organize their materials.

Examples of CellsNerve cell

Red blood cell

Fat cell

Egg and sperm

Cheek cell

2. REPRODUCTION

• Why is this so important?

• How do plants reproduce?

• How do animals reproduce?

pollen

Egg and sperm

Euglena separate

Types of Reproduction Asexual/Sexual Reproduction Animation

• Sexual Reproduction• Two parents unite to

form a new organism

• Asexual Reproduction

• A single parent divides itself two produce offspring

3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTLiving things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA).

• All living things have the same bases (A, T, C, G) in their DNA-they are just in different order

• Each organism has a pattern of growth and development characteristic of its species.

• Tadpole + Flatfish metamorphosis

• Crecropia Moth Life Cycle Video

4. ENERGY PROCESSING

• Organisms take in energy and transform it to perform all of life’s activities.

-metabolism (burn food)

-photosynthesis (make food)

Cellular Respiration-Pearson (4:29)

5. RESPOND TO THE ENVIRONMENT

• All organisms respond to environmental stimuli.

• YouTube - Venus flytrap eating a spider

• Bozeman Response to Environment

Stimulus-Response

• A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds.

6. REGULATIONLiving Things Maintain a Stable

Internal Environment• The environment may change, but

regulatory mechanisms maintain an organisms’ internal environments within limits that sustain life.

Sunbathing lemur on a cool morning

Homeostasis-ability of an organism to maintain stability

7. EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION

Taken as a group, living things change over time.

Adaptations evolve to allow greater reproductive success

• Homer Simpson Evolution

Characteristics of Life Activity

1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION

Biosphere All environments on earth that support life (all earth living and areas around)

Ecosystem All living organisms and nonliving in a particular area

Community All living organisms in an ecosystem

Population All individuals of one species living in one area

1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.)

Organism An individual (one) living thing

Organ system

Several organs that cooperate for a specific function

Organ Made of several tissues to perform a specific function

Tissue Made of several cells that perform a particular function

1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.)

Cell Fundamental unit of life

Organelle Membrane-enclosed structure that performs a specific function in a cell

Molecule Cluster of atoms held by chemical bonds

Atom Basic unit of matter

PUT IN ORDER LARGEST TO SMALLEST

• Biosphere

• Ecosystem

• Community

• Population

• Organism

• Organ Systems

• Organs

• Tissues

• Cells

• Organelle

• Molecules

Go to Levels of Life PicturesPower Point

(then back here to activity)

Name the Level of Organization

HONORS BIOLOGY VOCABULARY

• Inference = logical interpretation of the situation (may involve experiences and judgments)

• Observation = using your senses (and tools) to gather information

What’s the Difference?

SCIENCE • An approach on

understanding the world as it is

• Gravity

• Biology

• Physics

• geology

TECHNOLOGY• Applied scientific

knowledge for a specific purpose

• Medicine

• Computers

• Aeronautics

• Bioengineering

Inference or Observation?

• 1. The person in the front of the room is the teacher.

• 2. There are 25 students in the room.

• 3. The crickets like to eat lettuce.

• 4. 8/12 crickets were found at the lettuce in a 2 minute period.

ADD “Emergent Properties”

• What does it mean that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?”

• How is a person different than just its blood or its muscles?

• How is population of people in Hudson different than just one person (you)?

EXAMPLES

BEE HIVE

• One bee does limited jobs, but together they get the hive and honey made.

Bicycle Parts

• Whole Bicycle

DroneQueenWorker

You can get a lot farther with it put together

1.3 Cells are the structural and functional units of life

• A cell is the lowest level that can have all the properties of life.

• UNICELLULAR – an organism that consists of only one cell EX: bacteria

• MULTICELLULAR – an organisms that consists of more than one cell

• Prokaryotic Cells – have no nucleus bound in a membrane EX: bacteria

• -smaller• First to evolve (3.7 bya)

• Eukaryotic Cells – have a nucleus bound in a membrane

• EX: nerve cell, plant cell, paramecium

• -larger cells• -evolved around 2.1 bya• How did the evolution of Life

begin? (4:16)

• Prediction Several Proven

made from tests showed true every

observations idea to be time (no

true exception)

Ball will go Ball, rock, Law of

down off cliff + wheel go Gravity

off cliff

HYPOTHESIS THEORY LAW

Darwin’s Ideas of Evolution• Natural Selection – Survival of the fittest

• Descent with Modification – changes from a common ancestor

Carolus Linnaeus’ Ideas• Devised a system of binomial nomenclature

(Genus and species)• A dichotomous key is used to identify organisms;

a character divides in two each time

1.5 Evolution, the core theme of Biology

• The unity of life is based on DNA and a common genetic code

• ALL CELLS HAVE DNA• ALL CELLS HAVE FOUR BASES THAT

MAKE UP DNA (A,T, C, G)• DNA is the molecule that makes up genes

(units of inheritance) that group to make chromosomes

DNA is the blueprint for making proteins (pigments, enzymes,

membranes, hormones…)