© vivek athreya japan earthquake and its impact on traffic...

© Vivek Athreya

Japan Earthquake and its impact on traffic and routing

Vivek Athreya Krishnan

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering

Missouri University of Science and Technology

[email protected]

2 Feb 2017 rev. 14.0 © 2017 Vivek Athreya

© Vivek Athreya

Presentation Overview

• Introduction

• Events

• Traffic

• Routing

• Conclusion

Presentation Overview2 Feb 2017 2

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• Introduction

• Events

• Traffic

• Routing

• Conclusion


© Vivek Athreya

Introduction

• Earthquake with magnitude 9.0 leading to Tsunami on March 11 2011

• Affected connectivity within and with nations

• Impact on a major ISP – IIJ

• Around 15000 dead; transport and electricity affected badly

2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 4

© Vivek Athreya

Introduction


© Vivek Athreya

Introduction

• Disaster affected :

-1.5 million circuits for fixed-line services

-6,700 pieces of base station equipment

-15,000 circuits for corporate data communication

services

• Voice network affected more than internet

• Backbone topology was redundant and over-provisioned


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• Introduction

• Events

• Traffic

• Routing

• Conclusion


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Events

• Friday: Earthquake of Magnitude 9.0 hit at 14:46 ; Data centres started losing power , 2 redundant links were down

• Saturday: Most damaged links were re-routed

• Monday: Service restoration, support work and business recovery


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• Introduction

• Events

• Traffic

• Routing

• Conclusion


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TrafficResidential Broadband Traffic

• Miyagi Prefecture and Nationwide traffic

• Sendai most affected

• 85% recovery in 10 days


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TrafficResidential Broadband Traffic

• 20% traffic affected nationwide ; Recovered by 85% next day

• Energy saving measures were implemented

• Presence of internet had its own drawbacks(why?)

• Migration of work and servers to cloud for backup


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TrafficTrans-Pacific Traffic

• Damage to undersea cables

• International circuits started to fail after hours

• Cable operators had redundant paths from south coast of Japan

• 8 links to the U.S of which some were damaged


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TrafficTrans-Pacific Traffic


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• Introduction

• Events

• Traffic

• Routing

• Conclusion


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RoutingInternal Routing

• Links in Sendai failed immediately as opposed to pacific links

• 3 trans-pacific links failed immediately

• Failure and recovery for 19.5 hours


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• Sendai links were affected the most

• Failure in the Fukuoka PoP that was resolved within the hour

• Backbone areas were not affected, area border routers were


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RoutingExternal Routing

• Neighbouring ISP was used to examine BGP(?) activities

• BGP withdrawals in iBGP of neighbouring ISP

• Sendai link recovers on 12th

• Updates started becoming faster than BGP withdrawal

• Internal networks where stable and resilient


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Related Works and Other Disasters

• 9/11 attack and its impact on routing ; 1% of globally announced prefixes

• Hurricane Katrina and physical paths ; 1.75m communication lines affected

• Taiwan earthquake 2006 affected global Internet

• Egypt’s intentional disaster in 2010

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Chennai Floods

• Dec 1st 2016 – Heavy Rains

• 5 days black out and loss of connectivity

• Internet was helpful in some cases

• Firechat was helpful

• Used in iOS and Android

• Peer to Peer mesh networking

• Connect phones using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi radios already embedded

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Conclusion

• Severe damage and gradual recovery in Miyagi

• Limited impact(why?) on residential traffic throughout

• Significant effect within IIJ

• Redundancy : key attribute of network design

• There is a need to be prepared and act

• Importance of Internet is rising

© Vivek Athreya


References and Further Reading

• B. Woodcock. Overview of the Egyptian Internet Shutdown. http://www.pch.net/resources/misc/Egypt-PCH-Overview.pdf, Feb. 2011

• T. Underwood, A. Popescu, and E. Zmijewski. Quaking Tables: The Taiwan Earthquakes and the Internet Routing Table. http://www.nanog.org/meetings/nanog39/abstracts.php?pt=MjUyJm5hbm9nMzk=&nm=nanog39,Feb. 2007.

• A. Ogielski and J. Cowie. Internet Routing Behavior on 9/11 and in the Following Weeks. http://www.renesys.com/tech/presentations/pdf/renesys-030502-NRC-911.pdf, Mar. 2002.

• K. Starbird and L. Palen. Pass It On?:Retweeting in Mass Emergency. In ISCRAM Conf., May 2010.

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