Visual Arguments, Evidence & Peer Editing Benchmark

English 255 – Tosspon

Meeting 9

EAWR Chpt 14, 16 and FFN Chpt 8-9

Magnum Photos

Visual Arguments: We are a visual culture

Primary way we receive information. Pay attention to

What we need/what we are interested in What grabs our attention

Visual Arguments: We are a visual culture Visual media compete to send us their

message. Effects Choices we make Things we buy How we perceive

ourselves

There’s a thin line between love and obsession. Drive it.

Asking the Right Questions

What do I see when I look at the image? How is color used? What is the significance of the layout? What are the relative sizes of the objects that

compose the image? What is the role of text (language)? Where did I first see this image? Who is the target audience? What is the purpose of this image? What is the message?

Color

Most of the media representations you see around you make careful use of color. Is the eye drawn to a certain spot on the page by

the strength of a color? the contrast of colors? the absence of color?

How is color being used to capture your eye and keep it on a certain part of the visual?

Source: USA Today

Source: USA Today

Layout

Layout of objects on the page. What is your eye drawn to first because of its

position? Sometimes focal point will be right in the center

obvious Sometimes central image or message is in upper left

hand corner of page Because we read left to right, tend to look there first

Magnum Photos

Size

Size of people and objects in an image helps designer communicate his/her message. Our eyes are drawn to largest image first.

Text

Sometimes image is powerful enough on its own. Images speak for themselves

Marines raising flag at Iwo Jima

Sometimes text is included.

Text

How much text is there? Where is it located? How big is the type? Is more than one font used? Does the text actually deliver the message? Does it enhance the message?

Source: USA Today

Location

To properly evaluate an image, reader must know where the image appeared. Billboard? On side of a bus? In the pages of a magazine?

TeenPeople? National Geographic?

On a t-shirt?

Target Audience

Need to take into consideration for the image to reach its target audience. For whom is this image intended? What are the characteristics of this target

audience of viewers? What is the age range? What is their socioeconomic status? What work do they do? Where and how do they live?

http://www.whitehouse.gov/president/gallery/photoessay/

http://www.time.com/time/photoessays

Purpose

Every image has a purpose. What is this for?

Message

What is the message of this image? Challenges the viewers to probe beyond the

obvious visual effect to find the message. wear this drink this click here think this way feel this emotion affirm this value

http://www.themeatrix.com/

Fast Food Nation Quiz Analyze the cover of Fast

Food Nation Choose and/or develop a

different image to represent Fast Food Nation Chpts 8-9, what would that image look like? Describe it.

Deliverable: 1 pg per Deliverable: 1 pg per group, description. group, description. Including the image is Including the image is optional, but encouraged. optional, but encouraged.

Assignment 2: Final Benchmark Essay You must choose (or design) a graphic/image

to accompany your final paper. It is part of the grade.

Consider the colors, the layout, the text use (if any!). What are you trying to convey with the image.

Evidence

Chapt 16, EAWR

Sources

Primary vs Secondary

Primary sources original documents,

photographs, interviews, and surveys, etc.

Secondary sources already been processed or

interpreted by someone else.

Reports, articles, text books,

Quantitative vs. Qualitative

Quantitative analysis of numerical data.

Qualitative analysis of data such as

words (e.g., from interviews), pictures (e.g., video), or objects (e.g., an artifact).

Primary Sources

Observation Interviews Surveys (be careful here – statistical validity

and rights of privacy…)

Secondary Sources

Internet sources Most reliable: .edu/.gov, least reliable: .com/.org

Articles

Using Sources: Quote if you… can't say it any better and the author's words are

particularly brilliant, witty, edgy, distinctive, a good illustration of a point you're making, or otherwise interesting.

are using a particularly authoritative source and you need the author's expertise to back up your point.

are analyzing diction, tone, or a writer's use of a specific word or phrase.

are taking a position that relies on the reader's understanding exactly what another writer says about the topic.

Paraphrase to introduce a writer's

position but his or her original words

aren't special enough to quote.

you are supporting a particular point and need to draw on a certain place in a text that supports your point for example, when one

paragraph in a source is especially relevant.

to present a writer's view on a topic that differs from your position or that of another writer; you can then refute writer's

specific points in your own words after you paraphrase.

To comment on a particular example that another writer uses.

to present information that's unlikely to be questioned.

Using Outside InfoSummarizing overview of an entire text,

or at least a lengthy section of a text

providing background information

grounding your own argument

mentioning a source as a counter-argument

incorporate a large number of sources in a small space

Statistics, data, charts, graphs, photographs, illustrations

Do not speak for themselves: must introduce

open to interpretation. Always, cite the origins of

your evidence if you didn't produce the

material you are using yourself.

How do I know if I need more evidence?1. Make a reverse outline (once you are

finished writing)

2. Color code your paper. Should NOT be more than 20% other people’s words

3. Get a partner to ask questions about the paper

Peer Revision/Review/Editing

Ms. Elizabeth Sherrell-Smith will supervise

Complete the peer revision handout READ aloud first Review assignment: did the author meet all of the

requirements?

Gather in classroom after next break.