“VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION WITH GPS AND GSM

MODEM”

PROJECT SUBMITTED TO

Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Bhilai (India)

In partial fulfillment of award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

In

Electrical And Electronics Engineering

by

Anita Kumari Sushama Dewangan

Raheen Bakhsh Surendra Khairwar

Vimlesh Dewangan

Under the Guidence of

Mrs. Shilpa Mehto

Head Of Department

Electrical And Electronics Engineering

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Balco-Urga Ring Road, Vill. Jhagarha,Korba,Chhattisgarh

Session 2016

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KORBA (C.G.)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to notify that

1) ANITA KUMARI

2) RAHEEN BAKHSH

3) SUSHAMA DEWANGAN

4) SURENDRA KHAIRWAR

5) VIMLESH DEWANGAN

Have completed their project on

“VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION WITH GPS AND GSM MODEM”

During the year 2015-16 under our supervision and guidance. This project

report is approved for submission towards partial fulfilment for the

award of Bachelor degree in

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University,Bhilai(C.G.)

PRINCIPAL Guided & Approved by:

Mr. B.S.CHAWLA Mrs. Shilpa Mehto

Head of Department

Electrical & Electronics Engineering

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KORBA

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KORBA (C.G.)

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is certifying that project work entitled:

VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION WITH GPS AND GSM

MODEM

NAME ROLL NO. ENROLLMENT NO.

Anita Kumari 3302512004 AL-5425

Raheen Bakhsh 3302512035 AL-6318

Sushama Dewangan 3302512047 AL-6330

Surendra Khairwar 3302512046 AL-6329

Vimlesh Dewangan 3302512051 AL -6334

Has been examined by undersigned as a part of examination for the award of Bachelor

degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical

University, Bhilai (C.G.)

PRINCIPAL Guided And Approved By:

Mr. B.S.CHAWLA Mrs. Shilpa Mehto

Head of Department

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Institute of Technology,Korba

CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINER

This is to certify that the report of the project submitted is an outcome of the project work

entitled:

“VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION WITH GPS AND GSM

MODEM”

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME ROLL NO. ENROLLMENT NO.

Anita Kumari 3302512004 AL-5425

Raheen Bakhsh 3302512035 AL-6318

Sushama Dewangan 3302512047 AL6330

Surendra Khairwar 3302512046 AL-6329

Vimlesh Dewangan 3302512051 AL- 6334

Has been examined by the undersigned as a part of the examination for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering of Chhattisgarh

Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.)

SIGN……………………. SIGN…………………………

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

NAME- NAME-

DATE- DATE-

DECLARATION

We, the undersigned, solemnly declared that the report of the project work entitled,

“VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION WITH GPS AND GSM MODEM’’ is based on

our own carried out during the course of our study under the supervision of Mrs. Shilpa Mehto

(Head of Dept. of EEE).

We assert that the statement made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of our own

research work. We further declared that to the best of our knowledge and belief that this report

does not contain any part of the work which has submitted for the B.E. degree or any other

degree/diploma/certificate in the university.

(Signature of the student) (Signature of the student)

Name: …………………… Name: …………………

Enrollment no: …………… Enrollment no: ………….

(Signature of the student) (Signature of the student)

Name: …………………… Name: …………………

Enrollment no: …………… Enrollment no: …………

(Signature of the student)

Name: ……………………

Enrollment no: ……………

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We regard our deep sense of indebtedness and gratitude to Mrs. Shilpa Mehto, HOD

Department of Electrical and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Technology Korba (C.G.) for

suggesting knowledge and for his valuable guidance and encouragement in carrying out this

project successfully.

We pay our tributes to the technical staff of the department for providing us, with

valuable information and their co-operation during the course of the project work.

We finally wish to extend our sincere thanks to those personalities who motivates us

and have direct or indirect assistance in the preparation of this project work.

ANITA KUMARI

RAHEEN BAKHSH

SUSHAMA DEWANGAN

SURENDRA KHAIRWAR

VIMLESH DEWANGAN

ABSTRACT

The main objective of our project is to provide an optimum solution to

the traffic hazards and the road accidents. According to this project

when a vehicle meets with an accident, immediately vibration sensor

will detect the signal and sends it to ARM controller. Microcontroller

sends the alert message through the GSM MODEM including the

location to police control room or a rescue team. So the police can

immediately trace the location through the GPS MODEM after

receiving the information.

1

INDEX

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Overview

1.2 Vehicle Tracking Features

1.3 Accident Alert System Features

1.4 Usage of Tracking in India

CHAPTER-2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

2.1 Block Diagram

2.2 Concept and Overview

2.3 Internal Circuit Diagram

CHAPTER-3 COMPONENT OVERVIEW

3.1 GPS

3.2 GSM

3.3 Microcontroller

3.4 Piezoelectric Sensor

3.4.1 Introduction

3.4.2 Theory and Modeling

3.4.3 Signal Conditioning

3.5 Max232

3.6 Resistors

3.7 Capacitor

3.8 Piezoelectric Buzzer

3.9 Op-amp Circuit

3.10 Liquid Crystal Display

CHAPTER-4 WORKING

4.1 Vehicle Tracking System Working

4.2 Accident Alert System Working

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

CHAPTER-6 APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER-7 FUTURE SCOPE

CHAPTER-8 CONCLUSION

CHAPTER-9 REFERENCE

2

3

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

4

1.1 Project Overview

The high demand of automobiles has increased the traffic

hazards and the road accidents. Life of the people is under high risk.

This is because of the lack of best emergency facilities available in

our country. This design is a system which can detect accidents in

significantly less time and sends the basic information to first aid

center within a few seconds covering geographical coordinates, the

time and angle in which a vehicle accident had occurred. This alert

message is sent to the rescue team in a short time, which will help in

saving the valuable lives. A Switch is also provided in order to

terminate the sending of a message in rare case where there is no

casualty, this can save the precious time of the medical rescue team.

When the accident occurs the alert message is sent automatically to

the rescue team and to the police station. The message is sent through

the GSM module and the location of the accident is detected with the

help of the GPS module. The accident can be detected precisely with

the help of both Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) sensor

and vibration sensor. The angle of the rolls over of the car can also be

known by the message through the MEMS sensor. This application

provides the optimum solution to poor emergency facilities provided

to the roads accidents in the most feasible way.

5

1.2 Vehicle Tracking Features

It is mainly benefit for the companies which are based on

transport system. Since it can show the position of all vehicles in real

time, so that they can create the expected data accordingly. These

tracking system can store the whole data where the vehicle had gone,

where did it stop, how much time it take at every stop and can create

whole data analysis. It is also used in buses and trains, to estimate

how far are they, how much time it takes for them to come to a

particular stop. These systems are used for data capture, data storage,

data analysis and finally data transfer.

6

1.3 Accident Alert System Features

This system is based on new technology, its main purpose is to

detect an accident and alert to the control room, so the victim can find

some help. It can detect accidents the intensity of the accident

without any visual contact from control room. If this system is

inserted in every vehicle then it is easy to understand how many

vehicles are involved in a particular accident and how intense is it. So

that the help from control room will be according to the control

room. The present board designed has both vehicle tracking and

accident alert systems, which make it more valuable and useful. This

board alerts us from theft and as well as accident detection. It also

detects fire accidents by placing fire detector in one of the interrupt

pins.

7

1.4 Usage of Tracking in India

Tracking in India is mainly used by transport systems, taxi

companies, traffic operators. Taxi operators use this to estimate how

far the vehicle is from a particular area and send this information to

call centres and they can inform general public about the distance of

the taxi location and time it takes to come to them. Another use is for

traffic police if this system is located in every vehicle they can

estimate the traffic by looking on the map and if any accident is

detected then they can route the traffic in to another way. This is how

tracking is useful because India is one of the busy traffic countries

and this system can control many of the traffic problems.

8

CHAPTER – 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM

9

2.1 Block Diagram

Figure 2.1 shows block diagram of vehicle tracking and accident

alert system. This shows the overall view of the vehicle tracking and

accident alert system circuit. The blocks connected here are LCD

display, GPS, GSM, Shock Sensor, Power supply, fire detector.

Fig. 2.1: Block Diagram

10

2.2 Concept and Overview

This vehicle tracking system takes input from GPS and send it

through the GSM module to desired mobile/laptop using mobile

communication. Vehicle Tracking System is one of the biggest

technological advancements to track the activities of the vehicle. The

security system uses Global Positioning System GPS, to find the

location of the monitored or tracked vehicle and then uses satellite or

radio systems to send to send the coordinates and the location data to

Fig. 2.2: Overview of the System

the monitoring center. At monitoring center various software’s are

used to plot the vehicle on a map. In this way the vehicle owners are

able to track their vehicle on a real-time basis. Due to real-time

tracking facility, vehicle tracking systems are becoming increasingly

popular among owners of expensive vehicles.

11

2.3 Internal Circuit Diagram

Fig. 2.3: Internal Circuit Diagram

12

CHAPTER – 3

COMPONENTS OVERVIEW

13

For designing this hardware many types of devices are used to make

it perfectly working. All the devices are purchased from different

manufacturers. These components are soldered on a soldering board.

The following list of hardware are required for this system.

GSM

GPS

MICRO CONTROLLER AT89S52

MAX232

RS232

LCD DISPLAY

POWER SUPPLY

SWITCH

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

LM7805

LCD

RESET BUTTON

14

3.1 GPS - Global Positioning System

Global Positioning System (GPS) is a worldwide

radio-navigation system formed from the constellation of 24

satellites and their ground stations. Global Positioning System

tracking is a method of working out exactly where something is. A

GPS tracking system, for example, may be placed in a vehicle, on a

cell phone, or on special GPS devices, which can either be a fixed or

portable unit. GPS works by providing information on exact

location. It can also track the movement of a vehicle or person.

There are 24 satellites being used in the US GPS system at all

times. These satellites orbit the earth in such a way that at any given

time and location, at least four satellites are visible to a GPS driven

device. Each satellite is equipped with an extremely accurate atomic

clock so the satellite is always aware of the current time on Earth at

the Prime Meridian. The satellites are also aware of their own

positions with the assistance of ground stations that give continuous

updates. The 24 satellites orbit the earth transmitting their time and

position. These pieces of data are received by the antennas attached

to radio receivers inside a GPS device.

As a GPS device starts up, it must scan its radio tuner for very

faint GPS satellite signals. Once it has collected data (the position of

a satellite and the time the satellite sent the position) from at least

three satellites, a location fix can be made.

15

Fig. 3.1: Global Positioning System

Differential Time of Arrival

Differential time of arrival is the method used to determine how far

each satellite is from a GPS device. Although each satellite transmits

its position and the time it was at that position, it takes time for that

signal to reach the Earth. The receiver contains a very accurate clock,

which can determine the difference in time between the current time

and when the satellite sent the signal. With this differential time and

the speed of radio waves, the distance from each of the three

satellites can be determined using the simple formula:

Rate x Time = Distance

16

Trilateration

Trilateration is a method that is used to determine position on

Earth in three dimensions. GPS deals with three-dimensions rather

than two. Since the distance from the Earth to a satellite results in a

sphere rather than a flat circle, the calculation is a bit complex.

Using trilateration, rather than draw circles to determine

position we need to draw spheres. For example, if the first acquired

satellite is 25,000 miles from position one cannot simply draw a

circle around that satellite and determine a position 25,000 miles

from it. A sphere must be plotted, extending toward Earth and away

from Earth. A second satellite is calculated to be 25,001 miles from

position, resulting in another sphere. The two spheres intersect,

creating a perfect circle. A circular plane now exists, extending down

through the earth and out into space. A large number of potential

positions have now been eliminated, but there is not yet an exact

location. Many potential positions still exist and a third satellite is

needed to define a sphere that intersects with the two current spheres

resulting in two points that define possible position. One point is in

space and one is on earth. Since the world is roughly a sphere, the

point in space can be eliminated and the approximate position of the

GPS receiver is located on Earth. A fourth satellite is necessary to

account for altitude and provide an exact fix of the location. The

plotting of a fourth sphere provides the exact location and altitude of

the receiver at the time the four measurements were taken.

17

Fig. 3.2: Global Positioning System Operation

Fig. 3.3: Simplified GPS Receiver Block Diagram

18

3.2 GSM – Global System for Mobile Communication

GSM is used as a media which is used to control and monitor the

vehicle or person from anywhere by sending a message. It has its

own deterministic character. Thereby, here GSM is used to monitor

and control the vehicle or person by sending a message through GSM

modem. Hence it is considered as highly efficient communication

through the mobile which will be useful in industrial controls,

automobiles, and appliances which would be controlled from

anywhere else. It is also highly economic and less expensive; hence

GSM is preferred most for this mode of controlling.

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM

card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a

mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem

looks just like a mobile phone.

When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the

computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile

network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to

provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used

for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages

19

Fig. 3.4: Global System for Mobile Communication

GSM/GPRS MODEM is a class of wireless MODEM devices that

are designed for communication of a computer with the GSM and

GPRS network. It requires a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card

just like mobile phones to activate communication with the network.

Also they have IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

number similar to mobile phones for their identification. A

GSM/GPRS MODEM can perform the following operations:

1. Receive, send or delete SMS messages in a SIM.

2. Read, add, search phonebook entries of the SIM.

3. Make, Receive, or reject a voice call.

20

Fig. 3.5: Global System for Mobile Communication Module

3.3 Microcontroller

Here in this system, micro controller used is AT89S52. Mainly micro

controller consists of CPU, memory and various I/O pins, and the

speed of this micro controller is enough to execute the program in

real time. This particular micro controller is chosen because the

experiment requires minimum of 8-bit micro controller. This

microcontroller contains 4KB flash memory inbuilt in it, this

memory is enough to dump our code in to the microcontroller. This

micro controller contains 40 pins .The 40 pins of microcontroller has

different properties and usage they are shown in Fig. 3.6

Features

• Compatible with MCS®-51 Products

• 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

• 32 Programmable I/O Lines

• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

21

• Eight Interrupt Sources

• Full Duplex UART Serial Channel

• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

Fig. 3.6: Pin Diagram of Microcontroller AT89S52

22

3.4 Piezoelectric Sensors

3.4.1 Introduction

The word piezo comes from the Greek word piezo, meaning to press

or squeeze. Piezoelectricity refers to the generation of electricity or

to electric polarity in dielectric crystals when subjected to

mechanical stress and conversely, the generation of stress in such

crystals in response to an applied voltage . In 1880, the Curie

brothers found that quartz changed its dimensions when subjected to

an electrical field and generated electrical charge when pressure was

applied. Since that time, researchers have found piezoelectric

properties in hundreds of ceramic and plastic materials. Many

piezoelectric materials also show electrical effects due to

temperature changes and radiation.

3.4.2 Theory and Modeling

The basic theory behind piezoelectricity is based on the electric

dipole. At the molecular level, the structure of a piezoelectric

material is typically an ionic bonded crystal. At rest, the dipoles

formed by the positive and negative ions cancel each other due to the

symmetry of the crystal structure, and an electric field is not

observed. When stressed, the crystal deforms, symmetry is lost, and a

net dipole moment is created. This dipole moment forms an electric

field across the crystal. In this manner, the materials generate an

electrical charge that is proportional to the pressure applied. If a

reciprocating force is applied, an ac voltage is seen across the

23

terminals of the device. Piezoelectric sensors are not suited for static

or dc applications because the electrical charge produced decays with

time due to the internal impedance of the sensor and the input

impedance of the signal conditioning circuits. However, they are

well suited for dynamic or ac applications.

3.4.3 Signal Conditioning

Normal output voltages from piezoelectric sensors can vary

from micro-volts to hundreds of volts, and signal conditioning

circuitry requirements vary substantially. Key items to consider

when designing the amplifier are:

• Frequency of operation

• Signal amplitude

• Input impedance

• Mode of operation

The following discussion assumes that the sensor output needs

a moderate amount of amplification, and that the desired signal levels

are in the 3V to 5V range for full scale. Typically, the high

impedance of the sensor requires an amplifier with high-input

impedance. JFET or CMOS input op-amps, like the TLV2771, are

natural choices. Two circuits are used for signal conditioning. Figure

3.7 shows charging mode amplification of the piezoelectric sensor.

Voltage mode amplification is used when the amplifier is very close

24

to the sensor. Charge mode amplification is used when the amplifier

is remote to the sensor.

Fig. 3.7: Charge Mode Amplifier Circuit

Fig. 3.8: Piezoelectric Sensor

25

3.5 MAX232

The MAX220–MAX249 have two internal charge-pumps that

convert +5V to ±10V (unloaded) for RS-232 driver operation. The

first converter uses capacitor C1 to double the +5V input to +10V on

C3 at the V+ output. The second converter uses capacitor C2 to

invert +10V to -10V on C4 at the V- output. A small amount of

power may be drawn, except on the MAX225 and

MAX245–MAX247, where these pins are not available. V+ and V-

are not regulated, so the output voltage drops with increasing load

current. Do not load V+ and V- to a point that violates the minimum

±5V EIA/TIA-232E driver output voltage when sourcing current

from V+ and V- to external circuitry. When using the shutdown

feature in the MAX222, MAX225, MAX230, MAX235, MAX236,

MAX240, MAX241, and MAX245–MAX249, avoid using V+ and

V to power external circuitry. When these parts are shut down, V-

falls to 0V, and V+ falls to +5V. For applications where a +10V

external supply is applied to the V+ pin (instead of using the internal

charge pump to generate +10V), the C1 capacitor must not be

installed and the SHDN pin must be tied to VCC. This is because V+

is internally connected to VCC in shutdown mode.

26

RS-232 Drivers

The typical driver output voltage swing is ±8V when loaded

with a nominal 5k½ RS-232 receiver and VCC = +5V. Output swing

is guaranteed to meet the EIA/TIA- 232E and V.28 specification,

which calls for ±5V minimum driver output levels under worst-case

conditions. These include a minimum 3k½ load, VCC = +4.5V, and

maximum operating temperature. Unloaded driver output voltage

ranges from (V±1.3V) to (V±0.5V). Input thresholds are both TTL

and CMOS compatible. The inputs of unused drivers can be left

unconnected since 400k½ input pull-up resistors to VCC are built in.

The pull-up resistors force the outputs of unused drivers low because

all drivers invert. The internal input pull-up resistors typically source

12μA, except in shutdown mode where the pull-ups are disabled.

Driver outputs turn off and enter a high-impedance state where

leakage current

is typically microamperes (maximum 25μA) when in shutdown

mode, in three-state mode, or when device power is removed.

Outputs can be driven to ±15V. The power-supply current typically

drops to 8μA in shutdown mode. The MAX239 has a receiver

three-state control line, and the MAX223, MAX225, MAX235,

MAX236, MAX240, and MAX241 have both a receiver three-state

control line and a low-power shutdown control. The receiver

TTL/CMOS outputs are in three-state mode whenever the three-state

enable line is high ( for the MAX225 /MAX235 /MAX236

27

/MAX239–MAX241), and in high-impedance mode whenever the

shutdown control line is high. When in low-power shutdown mode,

the driver outputs are turned off and their leakage current is less than

1μA with the driver output pulled to ground. The driver output

leakage remains less than 1μA, even if the transmitter output is back

driven between 0V and (VCC + 6V). Below -0.5V, the transmitter is

diode clamped to ground with 1k½ series impedance. The transmitter

is also zener clamped to approximately VCC + 6V, with a series

impedance of 1k½. The driver output slew rate is limited to less than

30V/μs as required by the EIA/TIA-232E and V.28 specifications.

Typical slew rates are 24V/μs unloaded and 10V/μs loaded with 3½

and 2500pF.

RS-232 Receivers

EIA/TIA-232E and V.28 specifications define a voltage level

greater than 3V as a logic 0, so all receivers invert. Input thresholds

are set at 0.8V and 2.4V, so receivers respond to TTL level inputs as

well as EIA/TIA-232E and V.28 levels. The receiver inputs

withstand an input overvoltage up to ±25V and provide input

terminating resistors with nominal 5k½ values.

28

Fig. 3.9: RS-232

3.6 RESISTORS

A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component designed to oppose

an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals

in proportion to the current, that is, in accordance with Ohm's law:

V = IR

Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic

circuits. They are extremely commonplace in most electronic

equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds

and films, as well As resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity

alloy, such as nickel/chrome).

29

Fig. 3.10: Resistor

The primary characteristics of resistors are their resistance and

the power they can dissipate. Other characteristics include

temperature coefficient, noise, and inductance. Less well-known is

critical resistance, the value below which power dissipation limits

the maximum permitted current flow, and above which the limit is

applied voltage. Critical resistance depends upon the materials

constituting the resistor as well as its physical dimensions; it's

determined by design. Resistors can be integrated into hybrid and

printed circuits, as well as integrated circuits. Size, and position of

leads (or terminals) are relevant to equipment designers; resistors

must be physically large enough not to overheat when dissipating

their power.

30

3.7 CAPACITORS

A capacitor or condenser is a passive electronic component

consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric. When a

voltage potential difference exists between the conductors, an

electric field is present in the dielectric. This field stores energy and

produces a mechanical force between the plates. The effect is

greatest between wide, flat, parallel, narrowly separated conductors.

Fig. 3.11: Capacitors

An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value,

capacitance, which is measured in farads. This is the ratio of the

electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between

them. In practice, the dielectric between the plates passes a small

amount of leakage current. The conductors and leads introduce an

equivalent series resistance and the dielectric has an electric field

strength limit resulting in a breakdown voltage. The properties of

capacitors in a circuit may determine the resonant frequency and

quality factor of a resonant circuit, power dissipation and operating

31

frequency in a digital logic circuit, energy capacity in a high-power

system, and many other important aspects.

Fig. 3.12: Principle of Capacitance

3.8 Piezoelectronic Buzzers

FEATURES

The PS series are high-performance buzzers that employ

uniform piezoelectric elements and are designed for easy

incorporation into various circuits.

They feature extremely low power consumption in comparison

to electromagnetic units.

Because these buzzers are designed for external excitation, the

same part can serve as both a musical tone oscillator and a

buzzer.

They can be used with automated inserters. Moisture-resistant

models are also available.

The lead wire type (PS1550L40N) with both-sided adhesive

tape installed easily is prepared.

32

Fig. 3.13: Buzzers

APPLICATIONS:

Electric ranges, washing machines, computer terminals,

various devices that require speech synthesis output.

3.9 Op-Amp Circuits

The operational amplifier (op amp or OA for short) is perhaps

the most important building block for the design of analog circuits.

Combined with simple negative feedback networks, op-amps allow

engineers to build many circuits in a simple fashion, at low cost and

using relatively few discrete component. Op amps are differential

amplifiers, and their output voltage is proportional to the difference

of the two input voltages. The op-amp's schematic symbol is shown

in the figure 3.14. The two input terminals, called the inverting and

non-inverting, are labeled with - and +, respectively. Most op amps

are designed to work with two supplies usually connected to positive

and negative voltages of equal magnitude (like the uA741 which

works with 15V ). Some, however, work with a single-voltage

supply. An example is the LM358.

33

Fig. 3.14: Op-Amp

3.10 Liquid Crystal Display

LCD is the display device which is of 16x2 size and it has

yellow Background light. This LCD is connected to microcontroller.

The following figure 3.15 is the interfacing diagram of LCD with

microcontroller AT89S52.

Fig. 3.15: LCD Interfacing with AT89S52

34

To enable terminal latch of LCD high to low pulse is sent and

RS bit is enabled. Once the latch is enabled the data is transferred

through the interfacing pins parallel and the LCD shows the display

on it. These LCD are easy to program and they are economical too.

LCD interfacing with microcontroller is very easy. Here in our

vehicle tracking project LCD displays the output i.e. latitude and

longitude of the vehicle. The following figure 3.16 shows the LCD

display of latitude and longitude.

Fig. 3.16:- LCD Display

35

CHAPTER – 4

WORKING

36

4.1 Vehicle Tracking System Working

This system takes input from GPS and which goes into rs232.

This Rs232 sends data into max232 and it converts the data format

and sends it to the Rx (receiver pin) of microcontroller and this

microcontroller stores this data in USART buffer and the data stored

is sent again through Tx pin into max232 this max 232 sends the data

into GSM via rs232. This is how vehicle tracking works using GSM

and GPS. The lcd interfaced to the microcontroller also shows the

display of the coordinates. This lcd display is only used to know the

working condition of the vehicle tracking system.

4.2 Accident Alert System Working

Accident in the sense it could be collision of two vehicles or

fire accident inside the vehicle. These piezo sensors are attached to

the car on all sides of the vehicle and they all are connected to the OR

gate .OR gate is used because to detect at least one sensor is high .the

output from the or gate is connected to the interrupt pin of

microcontroller and whenever this pin 12 is high the micro controller

sends the message about the accident.

37

CHAPTER – 5

RESULT

38

RESULT:

Whenever accident or theft of the vehicle is occurred then the

device sends message to given mobile device.

Message for theft :

“Vehicle alert

latitude: 2400.0090, N

longitude: 12100.0000, E

time: 12:00”

Message for accident :

“Accident alert

latitude: 2400.0090, N

longitude: 12100.0000, E

time: 12:00”

This system shows the location of vehicle on the lcd connected

to it also just to make sure the working condition of the

microcontroller.

Fig. 5.1:Output Displayed on Lcd

39

CHAPTER-6

APPLICATIONS

40

Applications:

Commercial fleet operators are by far the largest users of vehicle

tracking systems. These systems are used for operational functions

such as routing, security, dispatch and collecting on-board

information. These are also used for fire detector in large vehicles

like train, bus etc. because the vehicle like train contains large

number of people and the sending alert of fire accident can save

many lives. The applications for this project are in military,

navigation, automobiles, aircrafts, fleet management, remote

monitoring, remote control, security systems, tele services, etc.

• Fleet monitoring

• Vehicle scheduling

• Route monitoring

• Driver monitoring

• Accident analysis

41

CHAPTER-7

FUTURE SCOPE

42

FUTURE SCOPE:

We can monitor some parameters of vehicle like overheat or

LPG gas leakage.

We can dial an emergency call if the vehicle goes out of a

certain/pre-decided track.

This system can be interfaced with vehicle airbag system that

prevents vehicle occupants from striking interior objects such

as the steering wheel or window.

Fig. 7.1: Chart Indicating Analysis of Accidents Occured

50%

10%10%

7%

23%

Due to accidentsUnintentional deathsSuicides

Other causes

Reductions in deaths

43

CHAPTER-8

CONCLUSION

44

Conclusion:

Vehicle tracking system makes better fleet management and

which in turn brings large profits. Better scheduling or route planning

can enable you handle larger loads within a particular time. Vehicle

tracking both in case of personal as well as business purpose

improves safety and security, communication medium, performance

monitoring and increases productivity. So in the coming year, it is

going to play a major role in our day-to-day living. Main motto of the

accident alert system project is to decrease the chances of losing life

in such accident which we can’t stop from occurring. Whenever

accident is alerted the paramedics are reached to the particular

location to increase the chances of life. This device invention is much

more useful for the accidents occurred in deserted places and

midnights. This vehicle tracking and accident alert feature plays

much more important role in day to day life in future.

45

CHAPTER-9

REFERENCES

46

REFERENCES:

www.8051projects.com

www.wikipedia.org

www.atmel.com

www.tatateleservices.com

www.roseindia.net

1) R.S GAONKAR Microprocessor architecture programming

and Application” WILEY EASTERN LTD, NEWDELHI

2) KRISHNA KANT “Microprocessor and microcontroller”

EASTERN COMPANY EDITION NEW DELHI 2007

3) DANIEL .W.LEWIS “Fundamental of embedded software

“prentice Hall of India, 2004

4) WILLIAM STALLING “Wireless communication and

Networks”, 2nd edition, 2005 prentice hall of India